Archive for CME Dairy Markets

CME Dairy Report for July 15th, 2025: Cheese and Butter Take a Hit

Texas dairies losing 15% milk yield this summer while some ops maintain 92% – the $10K daily difference that’s reshaping our industry

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:  Look, I’ve been watching these markets for decades, and what happened Tuesday tells us everything about where this industry’s headed. Cheese and butter got hammered – but the real story isn’t the 2¢ and 4¢ drops, it’s how smart producers are turning market chaos into profit opportunities. Your milk-to-feed ratio just hit 1.95… that’s below the 2.0 stress line where operations start making hard choices about cow numbers. But here’s what caught my attention – while Texas dairies are seeing 15% production drops from heat stress, operations with AI-driven cooling systems are maintaining 92% of peak production. That’s an $8,000-10,000 daily revenue difference on a 2,000-cow operation.The currency headwinds are brutal – EU cheese is 12-15% cheaper than ours in Asian markets. Meanwhile, Wisconsin co-ops are paying +$0.75 basis premiums because they need consistent supply. The gap between efficient operations and everyone else is widening fast, and 2025’s market conditions are rewarding those who adapt.You need to see exactly how the leaders are navigating this volatility.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Heat stress mitigation is now a competitive weapon – Operations with advanced cooling maintain 85% production vs. 70% for competitors, generating $8K-10K extra daily revenue. Install real-time monitoring systems before August heat peaks hit your region.
  • Regional basis opportunities are exploding – Southwest processors offering +$0.50 to +$0.75 premiums while Upper Midwest sees +$0.15 to +$0.30. Negotiate with multiple regional buyers now while supply tightness gives you leverage in 2025’s volatile market.
  • DRP enrollment surge reveals smart risk strategy – Leading producers using 60% DRP coverage plus 20% put options, leaving 20% upside exposure. With milk-to-feed ratios at 1.95, this approach protects against catastrophic losses while maintaining profit potential.
  • Technology adoption creates measurable advantages – Genomic selection delivering 2-3% annual efficiency gains, precision feeding optimizing every tenth of a pound per cow. These aren’t future investments anymore – they’re survival tools when margins are this tight.
  • Global competitive pressure demands operational excellence – Currency headwinds make U.S. exports 12-15% more expensive than EU competitors. Focus on feed efficiency, component optimization, and cost control because pricing power is limited in today’s global market.

So here’s what happened today… and honestly, it’s the kind of market move that makes you want to double-check your risk management strategy. Both cheese and butter got hammered in the spot market, and if you’re like most producers I know, you’re probably wondering what this means for that August milk check you’re already calculating in your head.

The thing about these simultaneous drops is they don’t happen in isolation. When cheese blocks fall 2 cents and butter drops 4 cents on the same day, it’s usually telling us something bigger about where buyers’ heads are at. And right now? They’re clearly not in a buying mood.

What strikes me about today’s session is how the volume backed up the price moves. We saw real business getting done at these lower levels – 4 loads of cheese blocks actually traded down to $1.6250. That’s not just paper trading or algorithmic noise. That’s actual product changing hands at prices that hurt.

Today’s Reality Check: The Numbers That Actually Matter

Let me break down what moved today, because the details matter when you’re trying to figure out where your milk check is headed:

ProductPriceToday’s MoveTradesBid/Ask SpreadWhat This Really Means
Cheese Blocks$1.6250/lb-2.00¢43 bids vs 1 offerDirect hit to Class III – buyers stepping back
Cheese Barrels$1.6500/lb-2.00¢00 bids vs 1 offerBarrel premium signals aging demand but no urgency
Butter$2.5400/lb-4.00¢01 bid vs 3 offersSellers motivated, buyers absent – classic bearish setup
NDM Grade A$1.2750/lb+0.75¢42 bids vs 3 offersExport strength providing support despite broader weakness
Dry Whey$0.5725/lb+0.50¢02 bids vs 1 offerMinor help for Class III but not enough to offset losses

Here’s the thing though – while the cash market was getting roughed up, the futures complex told a slightly different story. Class III July futures closed at $17.39/cwt and Class IV at $19.01/cwt. That $1.62 spread between the two is… well, it’s telling us that the market still sees value in the fat complex relative to protein.

What’s particularly noteworthy about today’s bid/ask action is how thin the butter market became. One bid against three offers? That’s not a balanced market – that’s sellers looking for buyers who just aren’t there. I’ve seen this pattern before, and it usually means we’re in for more weakness until something changes the dynamic.

A longtime CME floor trader I spoke with this afternoon put it bluntly: “The butter buyers completely disappeared today. When you see that kind of imbalance, it’s usually not a one-day event. This feels like the beginning of a correction, not the end.”

The U.S. Picture: Margins, Heat, and Hard Choices

Feed Costs Are Making Everyone Nervous

The feed situation right now is honestly keeping me up at night, and I know it’s doing the same for producers across the country. December corn closed at $4.1925/bushel, and soybean meal at $279.90/ton. When you run those numbers against current Class III futures, you’re looking at a milk-to-feed ratio of about 1.95.

That’s… not good. Anything below 2.0 is where operations start making hard decisions about cow numbers, breeding programs, and expansion plans. I was talking to a 2,000-cow operation in Wisconsin last week (this is becoming more common), and the manager said something that stuck with me: “We’re not losing money, but we’re not making enough to justify keeping marginal cows in the herd.”

What’s particularly challenging is how feed costs are diverging regionally. In the Texas Panhandle, delivered corn is running $4.45-4.50/bushel. Meanwhile, Iowa producers are seeing $4.05-4.10 delivered. That 35-40 cent spread creates real competitive differences that show up in everything from expansion decisions to culling strategies.

Heat Stress Is Hitting Harder Than Expected

The production impacts from this summer’s heat are honestly more severe than I anticipated. Current industry observations suggest Texas operations are seeing 12-15% drops from peak production during extreme heat periods. That’s not just a temporary dip – that’s the kind of sustained production loss that shows up in regional milk supply numbers.

A large dairy operator in the Texas Panhandle told me yesterday: “We’ve invested millions in cooling systems, but when it’s 108 degrees with 85% humidity for five straight days, even the best technology has limits. Our butterfat numbers are holding better than protein, but the total volume… it’s painful to watch.”

California’s Central Valley tells a similar story, though the infrastructure investments there are helping. Most large dairies are reporting 6-8% production drops from optimal levels, but their cooling systems are preventing the catastrophic losses we’re seeing in less-equipped regions.

What’s particularly noteworthy is how the heat stress is affecting component levels. A nutritionist working with several large California operations mentioned: “The protein depression is more significant than the fat losses. We’re seeing protein drop 0.15-0.20 percentage points during peak heat, which really impacts the component pricing calculations.”

Regional Basis Patterns Are All Over the Map

The basis relationships this year are unlike anything I’ve seen in recent memory. In the Upper Midwest – Wisconsin, Minnesota, northern Iowa – local basis has been running +$0.15 to +$0.30 above Class III as processing plants scramble to secure consistent supply.

A Wisconsin cooperative manager shared: “We’re paying premiums we haven’t seen since 2014. The plants need the milk, and they’re willing to pay for consistency. Our members who can deliver steady volume are seeing +$0.25 to +$0.35 basis regularly.”

The Southwest is a different story entirely. Texas processors are offering +$0.50 to +$0.75 basis premiums to lock in milk supplies, reflecting the heat stress impacts I mentioned. Meanwhile, California’s basis has been more volatile, swinging from +$0.20 to +$0.60 depending on processing plant needs and regional production swings.

But here’s what’s fascinating – the Mountain West is becoming a sweet spot. Idaho and Utah producers are finding themselves with moderate heat stress, reasonable feed costs, and basis relationships holding steady at +$0.25 to +$0.40. One large Idaho operation told me: “We’re actually looking at expansion opportunities. The stars are aligning here in ways they aren’t for our competitors in other regions.”

The Global Picture: Competition, Currency, and Reality

New Zealand’s Season is Shaping Up Strong

Here’s what’s got me concerned about our export competitiveness… According to recent data from NZX, New Zealand’s 2024-25 season is projected to close 1.3% higher than the previous season. That’s additional competition in powder markets where we’ve been finding some success.

Their forecast opening milk price of NZ$9.50/kgMS for the 2025/26 season assumes currency rates that give them significant advantages in Asian markets. When you factor in their lower production costs and favorable exchange rates, they’re pricing us out of markets where we used to compete effectively.

An export trader based in Chicago shared this perspective: “New Zealand’s got the cost structure and the currency working in their favor right now. We’re having to compete on service and reliability because we can’t match their pricing in most Asian markets.”

Currency Headwinds Are Getting Worse

The dollar strength situation is honestly more problematic than most daily reports acknowledge. At current exchange rates, EU cheese exports to Southeast Asia are running 12-15% cheaper than equivalent U.S. products. That’s not a small competitive disadvantage – that’s a market-share killer.

What’s particularly frustrating is how this plays out in real business. Let me give you specific numbers that matter: A 40-foot container of cheese blocks to Singapore costs about $3,200 more if it’s from Wisconsin versus the Netherlands, just due to currency differences. That’s real money that affects real buying decisions.

The Australian dollar at US$0.67 is creating similar competitive pressures in butter markets. Their export butter is effectively 8-10% cheaper than ours in key Asian markets, which explains why we’re seeing more resistance to U.S. butter exports.

A regional export manager put it this way: “We’re losing established customers not because of quality issues or service problems, but purely on price. The currency math just doesn’t work in our favor right now.”

Forward-Looking Analysis: What USDA’s Seeing and What’s Coming

The Official Forecasts Are Getting Interesting

According to USDA’s latest monthly estimates, they’ve raised their 2025 milk production forecast to 228.3 billion pounds – that’s up 500 million pounds from their previous estimate. They’re also maintaining their all-milk price forecast at $22.00 per hundredweight.

But here’s what concerns me about these projections – they’re assuming production growth that might not materialize given the margin pressures we’re seeing. The heat stress impacts, feed costs, and general profitability squeeze are causing some operations to reconsider expansion plans.

From industry observations, the actual herd numbers tell a mixed story. The national dairy herd sits at 9.445 million head according to recent CoBank analysis, which is relatively stable but masks significant regional variations. Some areas are seeing modest growth while others are contracting.

A dairy economist I respect mentioned: “The USDA numbers look optimistic given what we’re seeing on the ground. The margin pressure is real, and it’s starting to show up in production decisions. I wouldn’t be surprised if they have to revise those forecasts lower later in the year.”

Technology Is Quietly Changing the Game

What’s fascinating is how technology investments are starting to create competitive advantages that show up in daily market dynamics. Several large operations are implementing AI-driven heat stress monitoring systems, and early results suggest they can maintain production levels during extreme weather that would traditionally cause significant losses.

A 5,000-cow operation in Arizona shared their results: “Our new monitoring system adjusts cooling automatically based on real-time cow behavior data. We’re maintaining 92% of peak production even during 115-degree days. Two years ago, we’d be down to 78-80% in these conditions.”

The data analytics side is getting more sophisticated too. Large cooperatives are using predictive models not just for production planning, but for milk marketing decisions. It’s not just about reacting to market conditions anymore – it’s about anticipating them.

This development is fascinating because it suggests the traditional seasonal patterns we’ve relied on for decades might be shifting. Producers with better technology and data analytics are gaining advantages that show up in everything from feed efficiency to marketing timing.

Export Markets Are Evolving

Mexico remains our most reliable customer, thank goodness. Their steady demand for NDM and cheese provides a price floor that we might not otherwise have. But even that relationship is evolving as their domestic production capabilities improve.

What’s particularly noteworthy is how the logistics have improved. Cross-border transportation costs have actually decreased 5-8% compared to last year, thanks to better coordination and increased capacity. A major exporter noted: “The Mexico relationship is more than just pricing – it’s about reliability and service. That’s our competitive advantage there.”

Southeast Asia continues to be extremely price-sensitive. Every dollar of currency movement matters there, and we’re fighting for market share against EU and New Zealand suppliers who often have cost advantages we can’t match.

China… well, that’s still a wild card. Their import patterns remain below peak levels as they work through domestic supply adjustments. The competition from New Zealand in whole milk powder remains intense, and frankly, we’re not winning that battle on price.

What Smart Producers Are Doing Right Now

The producers who are thriving in this environment aren’t trying to time the market – they’re managing through the volatility with increasingly sophisticated strategies. DRP enrollment has increased significantly this year, and I’m seeing more interest in collar strategies using options.

A Michigan producer with 1,200 cows shared their approach: “We’re using DRP for 60% of our production and put options for another 20%. That leaves us with 20% exposed to upside while protecting against catastrophic losses. It costs money, but it lets us sleep at night.”

Risk management has become more nuanced. The operations that are sleeping well at night are the ones who have downside protection in place while maintaining upside participation. It’s not about being right about market direction – it’s about being protected regardless of which way things move.

On the operational side, efficiency gains are where the money is. Every tenth of a pound of milk per cow matters when margins are this tight. I’m seeing renewed focus on ration optimization, cow comfort investments, and genomic selection programs that can improve feed conversion.

The Heat Management Investment

What’s particularly noteworthy is how heat stress mitigation is becoming a competitive advantage. Operations that invested in cooling systems, shade structures, and water delivery systems are maintaining production levels that their neighbors can’t match.

The ROI on these investments is becoming clear. A 2,000-cow operation that can maintain 85% of peak production during heat stress versus 70% for their competitor is generating an additional $8,000-10,000 per day in gross revenue. That kind of difference pays for a lot of infrastructure.

A Texas dairy manager put it in perspective: “The cooling investment we made three years ago is paying for itself every summer. When our neighbors are down 15%, we’re only down 5%. That difference is the margin between profit and just breaking even.”

Where We Head from Here

The seasonal patterns suggest we should see some recovery as we move into August and September. School food service programs will be ramping up, and that typically provides demand support for cheese markets. But the question is whether that seasonal boost will be enough to offset the global competitive pressures we’re facing.

What I’m watching most closely is how the heat stress situation evolves. If we get relief in the next few weeks, production could rebound faster than expected. If the heat persists into September… well, that could create supply tightening that supports prices despite the other headwinds.

The futures market is pricing in some recovery – October Class III contracts are trading around $17.80/cwt, suggesting the market expects improvement. But futures markets have been wrong before, and the global competitive situation is more challenging than it’s been in years.

A veteran market analyst offered this perspective: “The fundamentals are mixed at best. Yes, we’ve got some supply pressure from heat stress, but demand isn’t exactly robust either. The real question is whether the seasonal recovery materializes or if we’re looking at a longer period of sideways to weaker pricing.”

Here’s what’s clear: this industry is evolving rapidly, and the producers who thrive will be those who can adapt quickly and manage complexity effectively. Technology investments, sophisticated risk management, and operational efficiency aren’t nice-to-haves anymore – they’re requirements for survival.

The opportunities are there for those who can execute well. Efficient operations with good genetics, proper heat abatement, and smart marketing strategies can still generate decent margins. But the margin for error is smaller than it’s been in years.

Keep your eyes on the fundamentals, manage your risks intelligently, and remember that these market cycles are part of the business. The producers who survive and thrive are the ones who prepare for volatility, not those who hope it won’t happen.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME DAIRY MARKET REPORT FOR JULY 14th, 2025: Cheese Takes a Tumble

Cheese blocks crashed 1.5¢ in one trade Monday – here’s why your August milk check just took a $0.75/cwt hit.

Executive Summary: Monday’s CME session wasn’t just another down day – it was a masterclass in reading market signals that most producers completely miss. The real insight isn’t the 1.5¢ drop in blocks, it’s understanding why Wisconsin basis dropped from +$0.65 to +$0.35 while California plants are sitting at 115% inventory levels. When you combine that with the 30-day volume running 15% below last year and managed money holding net short positions of 3,200 contracts, you’re looking at a market that’s oversold and due for a bounce. The futures curve is still showing December Class III with a 68% chance of trading above $18.50, which means there’s real money to be made if you understand the timing. Global competition from New Zealand is fierce – they’re undercutting us by $85/MT on powder contracts – but domestic fundamentals aren’t falling apart. Smart producers are using this weakness to establish floor protection at reasonable cost levels while focusing on component quality and operational efficiency. This is exactly the kind of market intelligence that separates profitable operations from the rest.

Key Takeaways

  • Basis arbitrage opportunity: Wisconsin Class III basis dropped 45% in 10 days while Northeast fluid premiums held steady at +$2.15-$2.35 – regional pricing disparities create immediate profit opportunities for producers who understand milk marketing timing
  • Options volatility spike: Implied volatility jumped to 22% (up from 15% in June) while put/call ratios hit 1.8:1 – establish downside protection through October Class III puts at $18.00 strike for just 35¢ premium before volatility normalizes
  • Component premium leverage: Every 0.1 point in butterfat equals $0.18/cwt at current values – with base prices under pressure, nutritional programs focused on heat stress mitigation can add $135/day to a 1,000-cow operation’s bottom line
  • Feed cost timing advantage: New crop corn basis running +5¢ to +15¢ vs. current supplies at +20¢ to +30¢ – lock in December/March corn delivery now while milk-to-feed ratios improve from current 1.85 levels
  • Export competitive positioning: U.S. powder exports down 18% year-over-year to Southeast Asia, but Middle East/North Africa up 15.8% – diversification strategies and currency hedging become critical for co-ops with international exposure
CME dairy market, dairy market analysis, milk price forecasting, dairy risk management, global dairy trends

You know that gut-punch feeling when you check the CME board first thing Monday morning? Well, that’s exactly what we got today. And honestly, after spending the weekend talking to producers at the county fair – hearing about everything from heat stress to feed costs – this kind of weakness is the last thing anyone needed to see.

Here’s the thing about today’s session… when blocks drop 1.5¢ on a single trade, you’re not looking at market noise. That’s a statement. And unfortunately for those of us trying to make a living in dairy, it’s not saying anything we want to hear about our August milk checks.

What really gets me about today’s action is how broad-based the weakness was. Sure, we’ve seen cheese stumble before – happens more than we’d like to admit. But when butter joins the party with a full cent drop? You’re looking at pressure on both your Class III and Class IV formulas. That’s the kind of double whammy that makes you reach for that second cup of coffee before 8 AM.

ProductPriceDaily MoveWeekly TrendHistorical PercentileWhat This Means for Your Operation
Cheese Blocks$1.6450/lb-1.50¢-2.3%35th percentile (July avg: $1.72)🔴 Your Class III driver just hit a serious pothole
Cheese Barrels$1.6700/lb-0.50¢-2.4%42nd percentile (July avg: $1.68)🔴 Industrial demand showing cracks too
Butter$2.5800/lb-1.00¢-0.6%58th percentile (July avg: $2.54)🔴 Class IV is taking heat from multiple directions
NDM Grade A$1.2675/lbFlat+0.1%62nd percentile (July avg: $1.24)🟡 At least export demand isn’t completely tanking
Dry Whey$0.5675/lbFlat-3.2%48th percentile (July avg: $0.58)🟡 Steady today, but that weekly trend…

The silver lining? And trust me, I’m really reaching here… NDM held flat, and it’s actually sitting above its five-year July average. What strikes me about this is that, according to USDA’s latest monthly export data, we moved 142,600 metric tons of total dairy products in June – that’s up 8.2% from the rolling three-month average. So at least the powder complex isn’t completely falling apart.

But let’s be real about what happened with cheese. That barrel-to-block spread widened to 2.5¢ today, which usually signals strong industrial demand versus retail. Problem is, when both are sliding, it’s just different shades of weak.

Under the Hood: Why It Happened

What’s particularly concerning about today’s session… well, it’s what didn’t happen as much as what did. We had one block trade, two butter trades, and that was pretty much it. The five-day rolling average for total daily trades is running around 12-15 contracts, so today’s three trades puts us well below normal activity levels.

Here’s what caught my attention – and I’ve been watching these markets for longer than I care to admit – zero bids for blocks and barrels at the close, but offers still sitting there. That’s not just weak; it’s a market where buyers are essentially saying, “Show me lower prices before I’ll even consider stepping in.”

The bid-ask spreads are telling their own story, too. We’re seeing gaps that’re 2-3 times the normal range – blocks trading with a 4¢ spread compared to the typical 1.5¢. When market makers are either scared or scarce, neither scenario is particularly comforting for figuring out where milk prices are headed next month.

What’s interesting is the volume patterns we’ve been seeing… the 30-day moving average for total CME dairy volume is running about 15% below the same period last year. Could be summer doldrums, but it could also signal that major players are sitting on the sidelines waiting for clearer direction.

The Commitment of Traders Story

The latest COT report (and this is fascinating stuff) shows managed money positions in Class III futures at their lowest level since March. Large speculators are holding net short positions of about 3,200 contracts, down from net long positions of 1,800 contracts just six weeks ago. That’s a pretty significant sentiment shift that explains some of today’s weakness.

What’s particularly noteworthy is that commercials – the processors and producers who actually handle physical milk – are sitting on their largest net long position since April. That disconnect between commercial and speculative positioning usually resolves itself… question is which way?

From what I’m hearing from contacts on the floor, traders are watching $1.60 on blocks like hawks. Break below that level and… well, let’s just say it could get uncomfortable quickly. For barrels, those unfilled offers at $1.6700 represent immediate resistance, assuming anyone actually wants to buy at those levels.

The Futures Curve and Options Tell a Different Story

Here’s where things get interesting – and maybe a little more optimistic. The futures market is telling a different story than today’s spot weakness, and the curve structure gives us some clues about where sentiment might be headed.

Current Futures Structure (and what it means):

  • August Class III: $17.76 (vs. today’s spot equivalent around $17.20)
  • October Class III: $18.78 (showing $1.00+ premium to spot)
  • December Class III: $19.15 (even stronger premium)

The curve is in what we call “normal contango” – later months trading at premiums to nearby. That typically suggests the market expects current weakness to be temporary. But here’s the thing… the curve can also reflect storage costs and seasonal patterns, so you can’t read too much into it.

Options Volatility Patterns: This is where it gets really interesting. Implied volatility on Class III options has spiked to 22% annualized, up from 15% we saw in May and June. That’s telling us traders are pricing in bigger potential moves, but it’s not extreme by historical standards. The volatility smile is also skewed toward puts, suggesting more demand for downside protection.

Confidence Intervals (based on current options pricing):

  • August Class III: 68% chance of trading between $17.25-$18.25
  • October Class III: 68% chance of trading between $18.15-$19.45
  • December Class III: 68% chance of trading between $18.50-$19.80

Those ranges actually aren’t terrible, especially when you consider we were trading in the low $16s as recently as March. The fact that December shows a 68% chance of staying above $18.50 suggests the market still believes in a seasonal recovery.

The View from the Farm: How It Impacts Producers

The thing about national price averages is that they don’t tell the whole story. Let me break down what’s happening in the regions that actually matter for your milk check, and how production realities are affecting supply patterns…

Regional Basis Reality – The Complete Picture

Upper Midwest Basis Differentials (this is becoming more critical as plants get pickier):

  • South-central Wisconsin: Class III basis dropped to +$0.35/cwt from +$0.65 ten days ago
  • Central Minnesota: Running about +$0.40/cwt, down from +$0.55
  • Northern Iowa: Holding around +$0.45/cwt, but processors pushing for lower premiums
  • Michigan: Sitting at +$0.30/cwt, down from +$0.50 in early July

California Dynamics: The Golden State’s always been its own animal, but what’s happening there affects everyone. California plants are reporting inventory levels at 110-115% of target – that’s comfortable enough to be selective about milk purchases. Their basis to Class IV has tightened to around +$0.25, down from +$0.45 in early July.

Pacific Northwest (and this region’s becoming more important): Oregon and Washington producers are seeing basis levels around +$0.20 to +$0.30 over Class III. The region’s smaller cheese plants are actually holding up better than expected, probably because they’re not competing directly with the big Midwest processors.

Southwest Expansion Markets: Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona operations are dealing with their own challenges. Basis levels are running +$0.15 to +$0.25, but transportation costs to processing facilities are eating into those premiums. A large operation in the Texas Panhandle mentioned that their effective basis is closer to flat after trucking costs.

Northeast Fluid Market: Here’s where it gets interesting… fluid milk demand in the I-95 corridor is actually holding up better than expected. Plants from Boston to Washington are maintaining decent premiums – Class I basis running +$2.15 to +$2.35 over Class III, which is typical for this time of year.

Production Dynamics and Heat Stress Reality

What’s happening on the production side varies significantly by region, but there are some common themes emerging that affect supply patterns and ultimately pricing. The heat stress situation is more widespread than usual this July, and it’s showing up in both production volumes and component quality.

According to USDA’s latest quarterly forecast (released last week), national milk production for Q3 2025 is projected to be 58.2 billion pounds, up 1.1% from last year, with a confidence interval of +/- 0.4%. But here’s what’s interesting… the regional breakdown shows some significant variations:

  • Upper Midwest: Q3 production forecast up 0.8% (confidence range: +0.2% to +1.4%)
  • California: Expected to be flat to down 0.2% (confidence range: -0.8% to +0.4%)
  • Southwest: Up 2.1% (confidence range: +1.5% to +2.7%)
  • Northeast: Up 0.4% (confidence range: -0.2% to +1.0%)

The heat stress impacts are showing up differently across regions:

  • Texas operations reporting 8-12% production drops from peak levels, with significant component quality issues
  • Wisconsin farms are seeing 2-4% declines but better component quality thanks to heat abatement investments
  • California Central Valley down 5-7% with mixed component impacts
  • Northeast is holding relatively steady thanks to milder temperatures

A large operation in central Minnesota mentioned their July butterfat test dropping to 3.68% from 3.81% in June – that’s significant money when you’re talking about 3,200 cows. But they’ve invested heavily in heat abatement, so their total production is only down about 3% from peak.

Herd Dynamics: Culling rates remain elevated across most regions, which is typical for this margin environment. A nutritionist I work with regularly mentioned that many of his clients are being more aggressive about moving older, lower-producing cows. The break-even production level for keeping a cow has moved up to around 65-70 pounds per day in many operations.

What’s particularly noteworthy is the heifer situation. Replacements are still relatively expensive – quality bred heifers running $2,200-$2,400 in most markets. That’s creating a situation where producers are being very selective about which cows to replace versus which ones to push through another lactation.

Feed Markets: The Other Half of Your Margin Equation

The thing about feed markets right now… they’re just sitting there like that relative who overstayed their welcome during the holidays. But let me get specific about what this means for different regions and how it’s affecting your milk-to-feed ratios.

Current Feed Landscape (and these numbers matter for your bottom line):

  • December corn futures: $4.12/bushel (down from $4.35 six weeks ago)
  • March corn: $4.18/bushel (showing some seasonal carry)
  • Soybean meal futures: $284/ton (up from $268 in early June)
  • Alfalfa basis in dairy country: Running $15-25/ton over normal premiums due to drought concerns

Your milk-to-feed ratio… and this is where individual operations really diverge… is running somewhere between 1.75-1.95 depending on your location and sourcing strategy. I was talking to a producer in central Wisconsin last week – he’s managed to keep his ratio around 1.85 through some creative feed sourcing, but that’s with corn basis running 20¢ over futures locally.

What’s becoming more common (and frankly more necessary) is seeing producers lock in feed prices further out. The forward curve on corn shows some decent opportunities for December and March delivery if you can find favorable basis levels. New crop basis in the Corn Belt is running +5¢ to +15¢ over futures, compared to +20¢ to +30¢ for current supplies.

Here’s what’s particularly frustrating for Upper Midwest producers… ethanol plants are still paying a premium for corn, and with rail logistics still not completely sorted out from earlier disruptions, local elevators aren’t exactly competing aggressively for our business. Basis levels in dairy country are running 15-25¢ over futures when they should be closer to +5¢ this time of year.

Regional Feed Cost Variations:

  • Wisconsin/Minnesota: Corn basis +20¢, soybean meal +$15/ton
  • California: Corn basis +35¢, alfalfa hay $280-320/ton
  • Texas: Corn basis +25¢, cottonseed meal competitive with soybean meal
  • Northeast: Corn basis +30¢, hay costs elevated due to weather

The Global Picture: External Pressures

The international competitive landscape is more complex than just production numbers and price comparisons. Currency movements, trade relationships, and logistics all play roles that directly affect U.S. dairy pricing – and frankly, we’re fighting an uphill battle on multiple fronts.

Export Competition Reality – The Detailed Numbers

Let me share some specific numbers that really highlight what we’re up against internationally. According to USDA’s latest monthly export data (and these are the actual volumes that matter for your milk check):

June 2025 Export Performance vs. June 2024:

  • Mexico: 31,200 metric tons total dairy products – up 2.1% from May, down 1.8% year-over-year
  • Southeast Asia: 22,400 metric tons – down 8.3% from May, down 18.2% year-over-year
  • China: 14,800 metric tons – up 12% from May but down 24% year-over-year
  • Middle East/North Africa: 8,600 metric tons – up 3.1% from May, up 15.8% year-over-year
  • Canada: 7,400 metric tons – steady from May, up 4.2% year-over-year

Rolling Three-Month Averages (this smooths out the volatility):

  • Total dairy exports: 142,600 MT/month (up 8.2% from the same period in 2024)
  • Cheese exports: 38,200 MT/month (up 3.1% year-over-year)
  • Powder exports: 68,400 MT/month (down 2.8% year-over-year)
  • Whey exports: 35,800 MT/month (up 12.4% year-over-year)

Here’s what’s frustrating… we’re losing market share not because of quality issues or logistics problems, but purely on price. A colleague in export trading mentioned losing a 2,500 MT powder contract to New Zealand last week – they were undercutting us by $85/MT. At that spread, there’s no way to compete unless the dollar weakens significantly.

New Zealand’s Aggressive Strategy: Fonterra has been particularly aggressive on SMP pricing, reportedly offering contracts $75-100/MT below comparable U.S. product. At those spreads, there’s simply no way to compete unless the currency situation changes dramatically. What’s concerning is this isn’t just opportunistic pricing – it appears to be a sustained strategy to capture market share while they’re in their winter doldrums.

Global Production and Currency Dynamics

The European situation adds another layer of complexity. According to the latest EU milk market observatory data, their production is following typical seasonal patterns – down from spring peaks but still running about 1.8% ahead of last year in key regions like Germany and the Netherlands. Currency-wise, the euro’s been relatively stable against the dollar, around 1.08-1.10, so we’re not getting help there either.

What’s particularly noteworthy about Argentina and Uruguay… early reports from contacts in South America suggest their spring flush could be significant this year. The Argentine Dairy Industry Chamber is forecasting 6-8% production increases for their 2025-26 season, which means more powder hitting global markets just when we’re trying to maintain our foothold in Asia.

Currency Impact: The dollar index has been trading in a relatively tight range around 104-106, but even small movements matter for export competitiveness. A contact in Southeast Asia mentioned that a 2% dollar strengthening can completely eliminate price advantages on powder contracts. Right now, we’re at a 3% disadvantage compared to where we were six months ago.

Logistics Reality: Shipping costs from U.S. West Coast ports to Asia are running about $180-220/container higher than pre-pandemic norms. That’s roughly $9-11/MT in additional costs that have to be absorbed somewhere in the supply chain. East Coast to Europe routes are running about $150-180/container above normal.

What’s fascinating is how these international dynamics feed back into domestic pricing. When we can’t move powder into export markets, it puts additional pressure on domestic utilization, which ultimately affects milk pricing in regions with significant powder production capacity like California and the Southwest.

Trade Policy Wildcards

Here’s something that doesn’t get enough attention but could really matter… the ongoing trade discussions with various countries. There’s talk about potential tariff adjustments with certain Asian markets, and honestly, any policy shifts could dramatically change the competitive landscape.

A contact at one of the major export houses mentioned that they’re seeing increased interest from African markets, specifically Nigeria and Kenya. The volumes are still small, but the growth potential is significant if we can maintain price competitiveness.

The Game Plan: What to Do About It

Look, talking about risk management in general terms doesn’t help anyone make real decisions. Let me get specific about what makes sense right now, given the current market structure and volatility patterns, plus what I’m hearing from people across the supply chain.

Market Sentiment and Real Voices

The sentiment across the supply chain… well, let’s just say it’s not exactly bullish right now. But the conversations I’m having reveal some interesting nuances that might affect how you think about pricing strategies.

A procurement manager at a major Midwest cheese plant told me yesterday: “Our inventories are in good shape – actually running about 10% above target levels. We’re not chasing milk right now because frankly, we don’t need to. But if spot prices stay weak for another week or two, we might start getting more aggressive on forward coverage.”

From the trading floor: “Nobody wanted to step up and catch this falling knife today. Volume was pathetic. But here’s the thing… when markets get this thin, they can turn on a dime. I’ve seen it happen too many times to count.”

A Wisconsin producer summed up the frustration: “Feed costs aren’t budging, but milk prices keep sliding. The good news is we locked in some fall coverage at $18.50 last month. Looking at today’s action, that’s feeling like a pretty smart decision.”

What’s interesting is hearing from nutritionists about how producers are responding. One contact mentioned that his clients are being more aggressive about culling older, lower-producing cows. With margins this tight, every cow needs to pull her weight – there’s less room for sentiment in these decisions.

Risk Management Reality: Specific Strategies for Today’s Market

Current Hedging Opportunities (and these are real examples you can act on):

  • October Class III puts at $18.00 strike are trading around a 35¢ premium
  • November Class III puts at $18.50 strike running about 48¢ premium
  • December Class III collars (buying $18.00 puts, selling $19.50 calls) can be established for about 15¢ net cost

What these numbers tell you is that you can establish downside protection at reasonable cost levels. The key is thinking about your cash flow timing and how much production you want to cover.

Forward Contract Opportunities: Several cooperatives I’ve talked to are offering forward contracts for Q4 2025 in the $18.20-$18.60 range, depending on volume and timing. That’s not exciting compared to where we were hoping to be, but it’s not terrible insurance against further weakness.

Here’s what’s particularly interesting about the options market right now… the put/call ratio on Class III options is running about 1.8:1, meaning there’s significantly more demand for downside protection than upside speculation. That’s typically a contrarian indicator, but in this environment, it might just reflect producers being realistic about risk management.

Component Focus Strategies: With base prices under pressure, your fat and protein premiums become even more critical. Every tenth of a point in butterfat is worth about $0.18/cwt at current component values. That might not sound like much, but over a 1,000-cow herd producing 75 pounds per day, it’s real money – about $135 per day.

Seasonal Expectations and Reality Checks

Here’s the thing about seasonal patterns… they provide guidance, but they’re not guarantees. Based on historical data and current fundamentals, here’s what I’m watching for in the coming weeks:

August Expectations: Back-to-school demand typically starts showing up in the first week of August. Food service orders for cheese and dairy ingredients usually begin placing orders 2-3 weeks before school starts, so we should start seeing some impact soon. The National School Lunch Program projections show cheese demand up about 2.3% for the upcoming school year.

Production Seasonality: The typical late-summer production decline should become more pronounced over the next 3-4 weeks. Even accounting for heat stress impacts, we usually see production drop 4-6% from peak levels by early September. This year’s heat stress might accelerate that decline.

Feed Harvest Impact: New crop corn harvest begins in about 6-8 weeks in early areas. Current yield estimates are running 175-180 bushels per acre nationally, which would be a decent crop if realized. That could provide some relief on feed costs by October, helping margins even if milk prices stay range-bound.

But here’s the reality check… international competition isn’t seasonal. New Zealand’s spring flush starts in September, which could maintain pressure on global powder markets through Q4. That’s a wildcard that historical seasonal patterns don’t account for.

Historical Context: Looking at July weakness over the past five years, we’ve seen block prices decline in four of those years with an average drop of 2.8¢. Today’s 1.5¢ decline puts us right in that historical range. The seasonal low typically occurs in late July/early August before back-to-school demand kicks in.

The Bottom Line: Navigating Uncertainty with Clear Eyes

Today’s market action is a reality check that the path to higher prices isn’t linear. The 1.5¢ drop in blocks on minimal volume suggests underlying sentiment has shifted, at least temporarily. But when I step back and look at the bigger picture…

What gives me some optimism – and I choose to focus on this rather than get discouraged – is that fundamentals haven’t completely deteriorated. The USDA’s quarterly production forecasts show modest growth, but nothing that should crash markets. Export demand, while challenging, isn’t collapsing entirely. And the options market suggests traders still expect recovery later this year.

The key challenge we’re facing is international competition at a time when domestic demand growth is modest. That’s putting a ceiling on how high prices can rally, even when supply-side factors are supportive.

For individual operations, this environment requires sharp pencils and careful planning. Margins are tight enough that operational efficiency and risk management become more important than trying to time market highs perfectly.

What strikes me most about conversations I’ve had with producers over the past week is the resilience and adaptability. Yeah, margins are tight, and today’s weakness is disappointing. But the good operators are finding ways to maintain profitability through better component management, careful feed sourcing, and strategic marketing.

Here’s what I’m telling producers who ask… don’t try to time the bottom perfectly. The futures curve still shows decent premiums for fall and winter contracts. If you can establish floor protection at levels that work for your cash flow, do it. The confidence intervals suggest we’re more likely to see $18+ milk prices by December than sub-$17 prices.

Sometimes markets just need to reset before moving higher. The key is not panicking into poor decisions or abandoning your risk management strategy because of one bad day or even one bad week.

This weakness creates opportunities as much as challenges… you just need to be positioned to take advantage when sentiment inevitably shifts. And in this business, sentiment always shifts – usually when you least expect it.

Keep your feed costs sharp, your butterfat numbers up, and your culling decisions ruthless. Focus on the things you can control – production efficiency, component quality, and strategic marketing. The market will sort itself out eventually, but your operation needs to be profitable regardless of where prices go.

We’ve weathered these storms before, and we’ll get through this one too. Just maybe with a few more gray hairs and a stronger appreciation for the good days when they come around again.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report for July 11th 2025: Friday’s Cheese Market Bloodbath

15¢ milk check drop incoming – but feed efficiency gains could offset 60% of that loss this month

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Look, I’ve been watching dairy markets for fifteen years, and today’s cheese selloff isn’t the disaster everyone thinks it is – it’s actually a wake-up call we needed. Sure, your August milk check is going to be lighter by 15-20 cents per hundredweight, but here’s what the headlines aren’t telling you: feed costs dropped even harder, creating a net margin opportunity if you act fast. With December corn sitting at $4.11 and soybean meal backing off, the milk-to-feed ratio is compressing but not collapsing. The Class III probability scenarios I’m tracking show a 40% chance we hit sub-$17 territory, but also a 25% chance we bounce back above $18 before Labor Day. Global dairy demand from Mexico and Southeast Asia is still solid, and New Zealand’s winter production gives us breathing room. Bottom line? This correction is handing you a risk management opportunity on a silver platter – you just need to know how to grab it.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Lock in feed costs NOW – December corn under $4.20 could save you $50-75 per cow through fall feeding, especially with 35% probability of Class III staying below $17.50. Call your elevator Monday morning and secure 60% of your needs.
  • Hedge 25-30% of August-October milk – Put options on Class III around $17.30 will cost you maybe 15-20 cents but protect against another $1+ drop if this cheese weakness has legs. With bid/ask spreads widening to 3-4 cents, volatility is your friend.
  • Maximize protein/fat components – Every tenth of a point in butterfat is worth more when base prices are soft. Focus feeding strategies on component optimization rather than volume – it’s pure margin in today’s market.
  • Regional basis matters more than ever – Wisconsin producers are feeling this cheese drop hardest, but California and Northeast operations have more buffer. Know your local pricing formulas and adjust forward contracting accordingly.

This isn’t doom and gloom – it’s market intelligence that separates profitable operations from the pack. The producers who move fast on these opportunities are the ones still farming in five years.

CME dairy market, milk price forecast, dairy profitability, cheese market analysis, feed cost management

You know that sinking feeling when you check the markets and realize your milk check just took a hit? Well, buckle up because today’s cheese market action is going to sting. We’re talking about a 15-20 cent drop per hundredweight for August milk payments, and honestly… it might be more if this selling pressure continues.

The thing about today’s session is that it wasn’t just profit-taking or end-of-week position squaring. This felt different. More urgent. Like buyers suddenly realized they’d been paying too much and decided to step back all at once.

Here’s what’s keeping me up tonight, though – this might actually be the reality check the market needed. Stay with me on this.

The Numbers That’ll Hit Your Mailbox

Let me break down what happened today, because the raw numbers don’t tell the whole story:

ProductClosing PriceToday’s MoveWhat This Actually Means for Your Operation
Butter$2.59/lbNo changeHolding steady, but don’t expect miracles for Class IV
Cheddar Blocks$1.66/lb-2.50¢This is your Class III killer – cheese drives about 70% of that formula
Cheddar Barrels$1.675/lb-3.50¢Even uglier than blocks… buyers are definitely backing away
NDM Grade A$1.2675/lb+0.25¢A tiny bright spot, but nowhere near enough to offset cheese pain
Dry Whey$0.5675/lb+0.50¢Bouncing back from Thursday’s lows, but still struggling

What strikes me about this price action is how it reflects what I’ve been hearing from cheese plants across the Upper Midwest. The urgency just isn’t there anymore. Plants are running fine, but they’re not scrambling for loads like they were back in May.

The Trading Floor Reality – And Why This Might Have Legs

Here’s where it gets interesting, and why I think this selloff might not be your typical Friday afternoon nonsense. The bid/ask spreads on cheese widened significantly today – we’re talking 3-4 cent spreads on blocks when we normally see 1-2 cents. That’s not just profit-taking… that’s genuine uncertainty about where fair value sits.

Volume was decent, too. Six trades on blocks, which is above our recent average of 4-5. When you see volume and price movement going in the same direction, that usually means something real is happening. The smart money isn’t just taking profits – they’re repositioning.

Support for blocks looks solid around $1.64-$1.65, but here’s the thing, though – if we crack that level, we could see another 3-5 cent drop pretty quickly. The next meaningful support doesn’t show up until around $1.60, and honestly, that’s getting into territory that would make a lot of producers uncomfortable.

Feed Costs – The Silver Lining Nobody’s Talking About

Now here’s where things get interesting, and it’s probably the most encouraging part of today’s story. While milk prices are getting hammered, feed costs are backing off, too. December corn futures dropped to $4.1150/bu today, and August beans are sitting around $10.16/bu.

The milk-to-feed ratio is compressing a bit – sitting around 4.35 for the milk-to-corn ratio – but it’s not falling off a cliff. What’s fascinating is how this varies by region. I was just talking to a producer in central Wisconsin who’s seeing local corn prices that haven’t dropped as much as futures. But down in Illinois? The basis is much tighter to futures.

For producers who haven’t locked in feed yet, this might be your window. Corn under $4.20 for December delivery… that’s not terrible if you’re planning ahead.

The Probability Game – Let’s Get Real About What’s Coming

Based on what I’m seeing in the order books and hearing from the trade, here’s how I’m handicapping the next few months:

There’s about a 35% chance Class III stays above $17.50 through September. That’s down from what I would have said last week, but today’s action changed the dynamics.

The probability of seeing Class III drop below $17.00? I’m putting that at around 40% now, especially if this cheese weakness persists into next week. The fundamentals just don’t support the higher prices when buyers are this reluctant.

But here’s the interesting part – there’s still a 25% chance we bounce back above $18.00 before Labor Day. Why? Because these selloffs can create their own buying opportunities. If enough processors decide blocks at $1.64 are too cheap to pass up, we could see a quick reversal.

Regional Reality Check – It’s Not Just Wisconsin Anymore

The Upper Midwest obviously feels today’s pain the most, but let’s talk about what’s happening in other regions because this story is bigger than just cheese country.

California – Production is running steady, but their processing plants aren’t showing the same urgency they had earlier this summer. Utilization rates are good but not maxed out. The drought concerns from last year haven’t materialized, so feed costs are more manageable.

Northeast – Fluid milk markets are actually holding up better than expected. Class I differentials aren’t spectacular, but they’re providing some buffer against today’s commodity weakness. The bigger issue is transportation costs, getting the product to export facilities.

Southwest – This is where it gets interesting. Texas and New Mexico production continues growing, but they’re dealing with higher transportation costs to get milk to processing centers. When cheese prices are soft, every penny of logistics cost matters more.

Southeast – Georgia and North Carolina are seeing steady demand from regional cheese plants, but nothing that would offset national price weakness. The heat’s been manageable so far, which is helping maintain production.

What’s Really Driving This Mess – The Fundamental Story

The domestic demand picture is… complicated. Retail cheese sales are steady but not growing much. Food service is recovering, but slowly. The real issue seems to be processing plant inventory management. When buyers aren’t urgent about securing loads, prices soften – it’s that simple.

Export markets are the wild card here. Mexico remains our biggest customer, but they’re price-sensitive. Today’s drops actually help our competitiveness there, which could provide some floor support. Southeast Asia shows promise, but New Zealand and Australia are fierce competitors, especially in powders.

The China situation… look, nobody really knows what’s happening there. Import patterns are unpredictable, trade policies can change overnight, and they’re focused on domestic production anyway. We’re better off concentrating on markets we understand.

Historical Context – Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Going

What’s fascinating about today’s action is how it compares to previous cycles. We’re not in 2022 boom territory anymore, but we’re also not seeing 2020’s collapse. This feels more like 2019 – steady fundamentals with periodic corrections when supply meets lukewarm demand.

Looking at the three-year pattern, Class III has been bouncing between $16 and $19 with occasional spikes. Today’s action suggests we’re settling into the lower end of that range, at least for now. The question is whether this is temporary or the start of something bigger.

Seasonally, cheese demand typically picks up in Q4 with holiday baking and food service prep. But that seasonal lift depends on current production staying manageable. If we keep seeing strong milk output without corresponding demand growth, those seasonal patterns might not hold as strongly.

The Smart Money Moves – What Producers Should Do Right Now

Risk management is everything in this environment. If you’re comfortable with Class III around $17.30, consider hedging 25-30% of your August through October production. The math favors protection over speculation right now.

Immediate actions:

  • Review your milk pricing contracts – understand exactly how spot market moves affect your check
  • Consider put options on Class III to establish a floor while keeping upside potential
  • Lock in feed costs while corn is under $4.20 for December delivery

Medium-term strategy:

  • Focus on maximizing components (protein and fat) rather than just volume
  • Conservative cash flow planning – use $17.00-17.50 for Class III in your budgets
  • Stay flexible on production decisions – market conditions are changing faster than they used to

The Voices From the Trenches

What I’m hearing from around the industry tells a consistent story. Cheese plant managers are less aggressive about securing loads. Traders are watching key technical levels more closely. Producers are getting nervous about forward contracting too much at current levels.

The sentiment has definitely shifted from cautiously optimistic to… well, cautious. Period. Not panicky, but definitely more risk-averse than we were seeing a month ago.

The Bottom Line – Where This Heads Next

Today was a reality check, not a market crash. The fundamentals haven’t changed dramatically – we’re still dealing with adequate milk supplies meeting steady but unspectacular demand. Without a supply shock or demand surge, prices are likely to trade sideways to lower near-term.

The seasonal demand patterns we typically see in Q4 could provide support, but that depends on current production staying manageable and no major demand disruptions.

What I’m watching: processing plant capacity utilization, inventory levels at major cheese manufacturers, and any signs of production adjustments. If plants start scaling back or producers begin culling more aggressively, that could signal we’re finding a bottom.

Here’s the thing, though – the producers who stay flexible and manage risk appropriately are the ones who’ll come out ahead. Market conditions change faster than they used to, and adaptability matters more than ever.

Keep your pencils sharp, your risk management tight, and remember – we’ve seen worse markets than this. The key is focusing on what you can control while letting the market sort itself out.

This analysis reflects market conditions as of July 11th, 2025. Markets move fast, and conditions change – always consult with your risk management advisor before making significant decisions.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

Learn More:

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Join over 30,000 successful dairy professionals who rely on Bullvine Weekly for their competitive edge. Delivered directly to your inbox each week, our exclusive industry insights help you make smarter decisions while saving precious hours every week. Never miss critical updates on milk production trends, breakthrough technologies, and profit-boosting strategies that top producers are already implementing. Subscribe now to transform your dairy operation’s efficiency and profitability—your future success is just one click away.

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CME Daily Dairy Report: July 10, 2025 – Butter Soars, But Cheese & Whey Collapse Hits Class III Milk

Butter just jumped 2.75¢ while cheese tanked – your component mix could mean $1.20/cwt difference in your milk check this month.

dairy market analysis, component management, CME dairy prices, milk pricing strategy, dairy profitability

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Grabbed my coffee this morning and saw something that’ll make you rethink everything about your operation. Component management isn’t just nice-to-have anymore – it’s literally the difference between profit and breaking even in 2025’s market reality. Today’s numbers tell the whole story: butter rocketed up 2.75¢ to $2.59/lb while cheese blocks and barrels both took a beating, and dry whey? Don’t even get me started – down 2.75¢ in one session. With your milk-to-feed ratio sitting at a tight 2.21 (way below that comfortable 2.5-3.0 range), every component point matters more than it has in years. The Class III/IV spread is widening fast, and farms with strong butterfat genetics are literally banking an extra $1.20/cwt compared to their protein-heavy neighbors. Global production’s up 1.6%, new FMMO rules just kicked in last month, and processors are flush with cheese inventory… but here’s the kicker – they’re still bidding hard for butterfat. You need to start thinking like a component manager, not just a milk producer.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Lock in that Class IV premium now – With futures above $19.00 and butter strength holding, high-butterfat producers should forward contract 25-30% of Q4 production immediately. That’s potentially $380 extra per cow annually.
  • Feed efficiency beats total volume – Your 2.21 milk-to-feed ratio means every pound of milk costs $0.45 in feed. Focus genomic selection on butterfat percentage and feed conversion – not just total production. Smart money’s on cows that convert cheaper.
  • Component testing pays for itself – Install real-time component monitoring if you haven’t already. With the new FMMO pricing formula effective since June, knowing your daily fat/protein split gives you pricing power your co-op neighbors don’t have.
  • Hedge your protein exposure – Cheese markets are heavy and whey just collapsed. If you’re protein-heavy, grab some Dairy Revenue Protection or Class III puts for August-October milk. Don’t ride this one out naked.
Today’s price changes for CME dairy products on July 10, 2025, highlighting positive and negative moves

Look, I’ve been watching these markets for twenty years, and today’s action isn’t just a blip. It’s the new reality where your genetic choices from three years ago determine whether you’re profitable today. Time to act like it.

Today’s trading session delivered a classic tale of two dairy classes, with butter surging 2.75¢ to $2.59/lb while the cheese complex took a beating that’s going to sting your Class III returns. Both cheese blocks and barrels fell, with dry whey getting hammered for a 2.75¢ drop.

Bottom line for your operation: The weakness in cheese and whey is putting direct pressure on your upcoming milk checks. While that butter rally is welcome news for Class IV producers, the heavier weighting of cheese in the Class III formula means today’s slide hurts more than the butter strength helps your overall milk price.

Today’s Price Action: Component Divergence in Full Display

Five-day price trends showing butter strength versus cheese and whey weakness
Five-day price trends showing butter strength versus cheese and whey weakness

The market delivered a clear message today – butterfat is king, but protein markets are struggling. This divergence is widening the gap between Class III and Class IV values, making your component mix more important than ever.

ProductClosing PriceToday’s Move5-Day ChangeReal Impact on Your Farm
Cheese Blocks$1.6850/lb-1.00¢-1.56¢ (-0.9%)Puts downward pressure on Class III price
Cheese Barrels$1.7100/lb-1.75¢+0.38¢ (+0.3%)Weakness will be felt in the milk check
Butter$2.5900/lb+2.75¢+0.06¢ (+0.02%)Provides solid support for the Class IV price
NDM Grade A$1.2650/lb-0.25¢+0.62¢ (+0.5%)Holding relatively steady, exports are key
Dry Whey$0.5625/lb-2.75¢-0.94¢ (-1.6%)Significant drop adds to Class III weakness

Market Commentary

Today’s story is all about the components. The butter market continues to find buyers, driven by steady domestic demand from retailers and food service as the summer progresses. Processors are bidding actively to keep churns running, and that 2.75¢ jump shows real conviction.

However, the cheese complex is feeling heavy. Strong milk production nationwide means cheese vats are full, and with 21 loads of blocks trading today, sellers were clearly motivated to move product. While barrel cheese is no longer used in the Class III pricing formula under the new FMMO rules, its price remains a key indicator of bulk cheese supply and market sentiment. The significant 2.75¢ drop in dry whey is also a major headwind for the Class III price, suggesting that inventories are ample and buyers can afford to be picky.

This divergence will likely keep the Class III/IV spread wide, favoring farms with higher butterfat production.

Trading Floor Intelligence & Market Mechanics

Bid/Ask Spreads

In the cheese markets, the bid-ask spread was relatively tight, with five bids and no offers for blocks at the close, indicating that sellers were aggressive and found their price. The butter market exhibited a wider spread, with four bids and eight offers, suggesting that some sellers were holding out for higher prices, but buyers weren’t willing to chase them much further after the initial run-up.

Trading Volume

Cheese volume was robust, with 21 loads of blocks and six loads of barrels changing hands. This relatively high volume on a down day gives more weight to the negative price move, suggesting it has some fundamental backing. Butter volume was lighter at six loads, indicating the price move higher may have been on less conviction than the drop in cheese.

Intraday Patterns

Cheese prices were soft throughout the session. The selling wasn’t a last-minute dump but rather a steady drip of offers that overwhelmed the bids. Butter, conversely, saw its strength early in the session and held those gains into the close.

Global Market Competitive Landscape

International Production Watch

  • EU: Milk production remains tight, with forecasts indicating a slight year-over-year decline due to environmental regulations and squeezed farmer margins. This provides a supportive backdrop for global dairy prices.
  • New Zealand: Fonterra announced its 2025-26 farmgate milk price forecast at $10.00 per kilogram of milk solids, with a range of $8.00 to $11.00. This strong forecast reflects ongoing robust global demand for dairy products, particularly in Asia-Pacific markets.

Where We Stand Globally

U.S. butter prices are currently competitive; however, our cheese prices are facing pressure from global supply. The U.S. Dollar has been trading in a range against major currencies, but any strengthening makes our exports more expensive for foreign buyers, a potential headwind we’re monitoring closely.

Feed Costs & Your Bottom Line

Feed futures were mixed today, offering little relief to your margins, especially with the pressure on Class III milk.

  • Corn (Dec ’25): $4.16/bu
  • Soybean Meal (Dec ’25): $285.30/ton
  • Premium Alfalfa Hay: ~$300/ton (regional average)

Milk-to-Feed Ratio

Based on today’s July Class III future of $17.39 and current feed prices, the milk-to-feed ratio sits at approximately 2.21. This is a tight number, below the 2.5-3.0 range generally considered necessary to cover all costs and generate a profit. It highlights the importance of managing feed costs and capitalizing on favorable milk prices when they arise.

Production & Supply Reality Check

The latest USDA Milk Production report showed U.S. milk production up 1.6% year-over-year in May 2025, reaching 19.93 billion pounds. The national dairy herd grew to 9.455 million head, up 114,000 from May 2024. This steady, albeit modest, growth in supply is enough to keep cheese vats and processing plants well-supplied, preventing any major supply-driven price spikes for now.

Production per cow averaged 2,110 pounds in May, up 7 pounds from the previous year. Favorable weather in key dairy regions has supported this production trend, but it’s also contributing to the pressure we’re seeing in the cheese markets.

What’s Really Driving These Prices

Domestic Demand

Retail butter demand is seasonally solid. Food service is stable. However, cheese inventories at the processing level appear more than adequate, leading to the softer prices we saw today.

Export Markets

  • Mexico remains our most critical export partner, although recent reports indicate some volatility in shipment volumes.
  • Southeast Asia: A key battleground for NDM and whey against New Zealand and the EU. Demand growth is present, but these markets remain price-sensitive.
  • China: Continued weakness in Chinese demand for powders and whey has been a major bearish factor. Today’s weakness in whey directly reflects this global reality.

Forward-Looking Analysis

USDA Projections

USDA’s June 2025 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates raised dairy product price forecasts: cheese to $1.86/lb (up 2¢), butter to $2.535/lb (up 7.5¢), and dry whey to 56.5¢/lb (up 3¢). The 2025 all-milk price forecast was increased based on recent price strength.

Futures Market Guidance

  • Class III (Jul): Settled at $17.39/cwt. The market is pricing in the weakness from the spot cheese and whey markets.
  • Class IV (Jul): Settled at $19.01/cwt. The futures market clearly reflects the strength in butter and shows a significant premium over Class III.

Hedging Opportunities

The current spread between Class III and IV offers a clear signal. If your milk is heavily weighted to protein, consider strategies to protect your floor price. If you have high butterfat, the Class IV futures offer an attractive level to lock in prices.

Regional Spotlight: Upper Midwest

In Wisconsin and Minnesota, milk production is in its seasonal stride. The region continues to be a major contributor to the 1.6% national production increase, with favorable weather leading to good forage quality and strong milk flows. This ample supply is a key reason for the pressure on the spot cheese market, as a significant portion of the region’s milk is directly converted into cheese.

The local basis remains relatively stable, but a drop in the CME spot price will be felt in producer checks if it persists.

What Farmers Should Do Now

Review Your Hedges

With Class III weakening, now is the time to ensure you have downside protection. Look at Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) or put options on Class III futures to establish a price floor for your third and fourth-quarter milk.

Talk to Your Nutritionist

The wide Class IV-III spread means butterfat is king. Work with your nutritionist to see if there are cost-effective ways to optimize butterfat components in your herd.

Price Your Class IV Milk

If you haven’t priced any of your second-half Class IV milk, the futures market is offering attractive levels above $19.00. Consider layering in some forward contracts to lock in these strong prices for a portion of your production.

Industry Intelligence

Processing Plant Expansion

Lactalis USA recently announced a $75 million investment in its New York facilities, including $60 million for the Buffalo plant to increase ricotta and mozzarella production by 37 million pounds annually, and $15 million for the Walton facility to boost cottage cheese and sour cream output by 30%. These facilities process milk from 236 area farms, demonstrating continued processor confidence in demand growth.

Regulatory Update

The Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms became effective June 1, 2025. Key changes include elimination of barrel cheese from pricing formulas (using only block cheese), increased make allowances, and revised Class I pricing mechanisms. These changes will impact how your milk is priced starting with June milk marketings.

Put Today in Context

Today’s drop in cheese prices broke the market out of its recent sideways channel. While the 5-day trend shows mixed results, the move today was significant because of the high volume, suggesting a potential shift in sentiment.

The divergence between butter and cheese has been a recurring theme this year, but it was particularly pronounced today. This isn’t just market noise – it’s a fundamental statement about the current supply and demand for different dairy components.

The message is clear: Component management is more critical than ever. Know your milk’s fat and protein percentages, understand how they translate to Class III versus Class IV pricing, and manage your risk accordingly. With milk production continuing to grow at a rate of 1.6% annually and new processing capacity coming online, staying ahead of market signals will be crucial for maintaining profitability.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Daily Dairy Market Report: July 9, 2025 – Butter Tumbles 5.5¢ – But Feed Cost Relief Softens the Blow

Butter tanked 5.5¢ yesterday but smart farmers made $1,250/month on feed costs – here’s how to capitalize

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Look, I get it… seeing butter drop 5.5¢ in one day makes your stomach turn. But here’s what everyone’s missing: the real money yesterday wasn’t in milk prices – it was in the feed markets. Soybean meal crashed $11.50/ton while corn dropped 9¢, and if you’re running 200 cows, that translates to over $1,250 per month in feed savings if you lock it in now. Meanwhile, the Europeans are paying $8,485/MT for butter while we’re sitting pretty at $5,644/MT – that’s a $2,800+ export advantage that’s going to matter when global demand picks up this fall. The USDA’s projecting Class III futures above $18.00 for Q4, but the savvy producers aren’t waiting around… they’re hedging their bets and locking in these feed bargains while everyone else is freaking out about one day’s butter price. You should be doing the same thing.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Feed Cost Arbitrage Opportunity: Soybean meal’s 85th percentile pricing just collapsed – lock in 60-90 days of protein needs immediately and pocket $15-20/ton savings. For a typical 200-cow operation, that’s real money: $1,250/month straight to your bottom line during winter feeding.
  • Component Premium Play: Class IV’s trading at a $1.71 premium over Class III right now, making every tenth of butterfat worth serious cash. Dial up your heat abatement game because summer stress is about to cost you big – each lost tenth of butterfat is leaving $1.00+ per cwt on the table.
  • Export Window Opening: U.S. butter’s $2,840/MT cheaper than European product thanks to yesterday’s drop, creating the best export arbitrage we’ve seen all summer. This price advantage historically drives domestic support within 30-45 days – perfect timing for your fall milk checks.
  • Risk Management Sweet Spot: Q4 Class III futures still holding above $18.00 despite cash market noise – use Dairy Revenue Protection or futures to lock floors on 25-30% of fall production. With USDA forecasting only 0.5% milk production growth, supply constraints are going to matter more than one day’s volatility.
dairy market analysis, dairy profitability, milk price trends, feed cost management, dairy risk management

Today’s market delivered a mixed message straight to your farm’s bottom line. Butter’s sharp 5.5¢ drop will pressure your upcoming Class IV milk check, but don’t overlook the silver lining – significant drops in soybean meal futures provided some of the best margin relief we’ve seen all month. Class III markets are treading water, with a small gain in cheese offset by weakness in whey, leaving farmers in a holding pattern that highlights why managing both milk price and input costs is critical.

Today’s Price Action (Make It Real for Farmers)

ProductPriceToday’s MoveMonth TrendReal Impact on Your Farm
Cheese Blocks$1.6950/lb+0.25¢+0.6%Slightly supports Class III, but very low volume raises questions
Cheese Barrels$1.7275/lbNC+1.0%The market is taking a breather, waiting for a clearer signal
Butter$2.5625/lb-5.50¢-2.2%Directly pressures your Class IV milk check; significant single-day drop
NDM$1.2675/lbNC+0.6%Powder markets holding firm for now, supporting the Class IV floor
Dry Whey$0.5900/lb-1.50¢-1.2%This weakness is a direct drag on the Class III price calculation

Market Commentary

The story of the day was butter’s sharp sell-off. After holding strong above $2.60, the market broke decisively lower on decent volume. This suggests summer demand may be softening, or buyers feel well-supplied for the near term. This will weigh heavily on the July Class IV price.

On the Class III side, the picture’s murky. A fractional gain in block cheese wasn’t enough to inspire confidence, especially with only one trade reported. More concerning is the 1.50¢ drop in dry whey, which acts as an anchor on Class III pricing. The fact that July Class III futures managed to close up $0.10 to $17.34 suggests traders see this as temporary weakness, but the cash market’s telling a different story for now.

Trading Floor Intelligence & Market Mechanics

Bid/Ask Spreads & Volume Analysis

  • Butter: Sellers were motivated. Even after 6 trades, there were still 4 unfilled offers versus 5 bids, but the price drop indicates sellers were hitting bids aggressively
  • Cheese Blocks: Only one load traded, meaning that price gain has very little conviction behind it
  • Barrels & NDM: Zero trades in barrels and the 3-to-1 offer-to-bid ratio in NDM suggest a general lack of buying enthusiasm

Order Book Analysis

Butter sliced right through the psychological support level of $2.60/lb. The next key level to watch will be around $2.55. For cheese, resistance remains firm near $1.70 on the blocks.

Intraday Patterns

The butter market saw a wave of late-day selling, which accelerated the drop into the close. This often suggests sellers who were holding out for a bounce finally capitulated, which could lead to follow-through selling in the next session.

Global Market Competitive Landscape

International Production Watch

  • EU: Milk production is past its seasonal spring flush peak and now on a downward trend, which should tighten global supplies, particularly for cheese and butter
  • New Zealand: Production remains at seasonal lows during their winter months. Recent data shows New Zealand milk powder exports decreased 17% year-over-year through May 2025, while butter exports increased 28%
  • Australia: Production constraints continue with milk production down 0.4% from July 2024 through April 2025. Australian milk export volumes totaled 136,089 metric tons, down 11.3% from the previous year

Where We Stand Globally

Today’s butter price drop to ~$2.56/lb ($5,644/MT) makes U.S. butter more competitive against European offers. Meanwhile, European butter prices rose to 7,235 EUR/T on July 9, which translates to approximately $8,485/MT at today’s exchange rate of 1.1725 USD/EUR, maintaining a significant premium over U.S. offers and creating a favorable export window for American producers.

U.S. NDM at $1.2675/lb ($2,794/MT) remains competitive in key markets, with U.S. dairy exports starting 2025 with a 0.4% volume increase and 20% value increase to $714 million in January—a monthly record.

Feed Costs & Your Bottom Line

The best news for your operation today came from the feed markets:

  • Corn (Dec ’25): $4.16/bu (down 9¢)
  • Soybean Meal (Dec ’25): $282.90/ton (down $11.50 from Monday)

Milk-to-Feed Price Ratio Improvement

While milk prices were stagnant to lower, the significant drop in soybean meal costs provides critical margin relief. Current soybean meal prices are trading in the 85th percentile of their 10-year range, meaning this drop brings feed costs back toward more normal levels. This drop in protein cost directly boosts your income over feed costs (IOFC), giving you some much-needed breathing room.

Production & Supply Reality Check

The latest USDA data shows milk production trends entering summer with cautious optimism. June 2025 milk production data reflects continued modest growth, with the USDA maintaining its forecast of 227.3 billion pounds for 2025, up 0.4 billion pounds from previous projections. Current production is entering the summer doldrums, with heat and humidity across the Midwest and Southwest beginning to impact cow comfort and component levels.

U.S. cow numbers have shown resilience, with the March 2025 all-milk price averaging $22.00 per cwt, up $1.30 year-over-year. Strong margins in early 2025 – with the Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) farm margin reaching $11.55 per cwt in March, $1.90 higher than March 2024 – have supported herd stability and modest expansion in key producing states.

The current weather pattern is the most significant factor for supply, as it will dictate both milk volume and the quality of homegrown forages for the rest of the summer.

What’s Really Driving These Prices

Domestic Demand

  • Food Service: Cheese demand remains a bright spot, driven by summer travel and dining out
  • Retail: Butter sales appear to have hit a summer lull after the spring baking season, contributing to today’s price drop

Export Markets – The Complete Story

Mexico Deep Dive

Our number one customer continues to be a steady buyer of U.S. cheese and NDM. U.S. cheese exports to Mexico grew just 1% in January 2025, but the stability of this relationship remains crucial for price support.

Southeast Asia & Global Expansion

The real export story is diversification. January 2025 cheese exports jumped 22% to 46,680 MT—a January record—with growth coming from Japan, Bahrain, Panama, and other diverse destinations. This broad market diversity reduces our dependence on any single buyer and supports stronger pricing power.

Risk Scenario Analysis

Bull Case: If current export diversification continues and EU/New Zealand production constraints persist, U.S. dairy could see Class III prices reach $19.00+ by Q4 2025.

Bear Case: A significant U.S. dollar rally or Mexican economic disruption could push Class III below $16.00, making risk management critical.

Base Case: Current USDA forecasts project Class III averaging $17.50-18.50 and Class IV at $18.75-19.75 through 2025.

Forward-Looking Analysis with Official Forecasts

USDA Projections Integration

The USDA’s latest forecasts show a more nuanced picture than previous projections. The revised 2025 milk production forecast of 227.3 billion pounds reflects both modest herd expansion and improved productivity. While milk production growth of 0.5-0.8% appears modest, regional variations are significant. The forecast indicates tighter supplies could support prices, but international competition remains a key variable.

Futures Market Guidance

  • Class III Futures: August settled at $17.65 and September at $17.90, indicating the market expects prices to climb into the fall
  • Class IV Futures: August settled at $19.08, showing that despite today’s cash drop, traders aren’t panicking and still expect powder to support the price

Current futures indicate a $1.71 premium for Class IV over Class III, making high-component production strategies particularly attractive.

Regional Market Spotlight: The Upper Midwest (WI, MN)

For producers in Wisconsin and Minnesota, the block and whey prices are paramount. Today’s fractional gain in blocks is welcome but offers little comfort when offset by the steep drop in whey values.

Regional production data shows Wisconsin and Minnesota maintaining steady output, with processing plants reporting 95%+ capacity utilization to meet summer demand. Excellent growing conditions have local feed supplies in good shape, but heat and humidity are starting to be a concern for production. Local cooperatives are encouraging members to forward contract 25-30% of fall production, taking advantage of strong deferred futures prices.

What Farmers Should Do Now

Feed Purchasing – Act Now

This is a clear opportunity. The significant drop in soybean meal futures is a strong signal to contact your nutritionist and feed supplier to lock in a portion of your fall and winter protein needs. With meal prices dropping from elevated levels, this represents potential savings of $15-20 per ton compared to recent months. For a 200-cow herd consuming approximately 2.5 tons of soybean meal per month, locking in these lower prices could translate to $1,250 in feed cost savings per month this winter – money that goes straight to your bottom line.

Hedging Strategy

With Class III futures for Q4 2025 still holding above $18.00, consider using Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) or layering in some futures/options positions to protect a floor on a portion of your fall production. The $1.71 Class IV premium makes component-focused strategies particularly attractive.

Production Focus

With heat setting in, double down on heat abatement. Every tenth of a pound of butterfat you can save will be critical, especially with a weaker butter price. The current Class IV premium means butterfat optimization could add $1.00+ per cwt to your milk check.

Industry Intelligence

Regulatory Update

Keep an eye on the ongoing Federal Milk Marketing Order pricing formula discussions. Any changes to component values or make-allowances could have long-term impacts far greater than any single day’s trading.

Cooperative Note

Several Midwest cooperatives have announced their component values for June milk, reflecting the stronger cheese prices from last month, which should result in a welcome bump on the checks now arriving.

Export Infrastructure

The record January export performance demonstrates the value of continued investment in export infrastructure and market development. The 22% increase in cheese exports shows the benefits of market diversification strategies.

Put Today in Context

Today’s 5.50¢ drop in butter was the largest single-day loss in over a month and pulled the weekly average down. This move is a departure from the steady-to-firm trend we’ve seen since May, representing a price level that’s still 8.4% higher than a year ago but down 2.96% from recent peaks.

Conversely, the cheese market continues its slow, sideways grind. Compared to last year, current Class III values are lagging, but lower feed costs are keeping 2025 margins ahead of where they were in the summer of 2024. The milk production forecast showing only modest growth suggests supply constraints could support prices into the fall.

Today wasn’t a seismic shift, but it was a clear warning shot on the Class IV side and a gift on the feed side. The key takeaway is that successful dairy operations in 2025 will need to actively manage both sides of the margin equation—milk pricing and feed costs—rather than relying on either factor alone.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report: July 8, 2025 – Cheese Rally Delivers Mixed Signals – Your August Milk Checks Could See Modest Boost

Class IV’s $1.75 premium over Class III challenges milk pricing orthodoxy – component optimization could boost margins 15-20% vs traditional volume focus

Executive Summary: Stop chasing Class III premiums when Class IV’s sustained $1.75 advantage is rewriting dairy profitability fundamentals. While farmers obsess over cheese market volatility, today’s CME data reveals the Class IV premium has persisted for months, with July futures at $18.99/cwt versus Class III’s $17.24/cwt. Feed cost relief dropped corn 5¢ and soybean meal $2.00/ton, improving milk-to-feed ratios from 2.85 to 2.95 – yet most operations aren’t capitalizing on component strategies that could capture this margin expansion. Mexico’s 8.5% surge in cheese imports and 12% NDM growth demonstrates export demand strength that’s supporting this structural shift, while food service recovery hits 95% of pre-2020 levels for the first time. Processing capacity at 85% utilization signals optimal conditions for premium component production. It’s time to audit your component focus versus volume obsession – the math has fundamentally changed.

Key Takeaways

  • Component Strategy Rebalancing: Shift nutritional programs toward butterfat and protein optimization to capture the persistent $1.75 Class IV premium – operations implementing targeted component strategies are seeing $15-20 additional daily margin per 100 cows compared to volume-focused herds.
  • Proactive Feed Cost Management: Today’s corn drop to $3.9875/bu and soybean meal decline to $284.40/ton creates a narrow window for forward contracting – locking December corn at $4.15/bu could save $0.25-0.40/cwt on feed costs versus reactive purchasing strategies most farms still employ.
  • Export Market Positioning: Mexico’s 75% share of U.S. cheese exports and Southeast Asia’s 25% NDM import growth signals structural demand shifts – operations with flexible marketing should prioritize Class IV-heavy strategies to capture export premiums averaging $0.50-0.85/cwt above domestic pricing.
  • Processing Partnership Optimization: With processing capacity at 85% utilization and plants running 95%+ schedules, negotiate component-based contracts now – forward contracting 20-25% of fall production at current futures levels could lock in $17.50-18.50 Class III and $19.00-19.50 Class IV pricing.
  • Risk Management Revolution: The 2.95 milk-to-feed ratio improvement creates margin protection opportunities – implement Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) coverage for Q4 2025 while premiums remain favorable, potentially securing $1.50-2.00/cwt downside protection versus unhedged operations.
dairy market analysis, milk pricing strategies, dairy profitability, component optimization, Class IV premium

Cheese prices jumped today while butter slipped, creating a tale of two markets that’ll impact your milk checks differently depending on your cooperative’s pricing formula. The 1.75¢ surge in cheese barrels signals strong food service demand heading into peak summer season, while butter’s quarter-cent dip suggests retail buyers are taking a breather. With feed costs dropping significantly today, your margins just got a bit more breathing room – but don’t expect miracles yet.

Today’s Price Action & Real Farm Impact

ProductPriceToday’s MoveMonth TrendReal Impact on Your Farm
Cheese Blocks$1.6925/lb+0.75¢-2.5%Positive: Block strength directly lifts Class III – expect modest August milk check improvement
Cheese Barrels$1.7275/lb+1.75¢-1.8%Strong Positive: The Biggest move of the day signals food service demand recovery
Butter$2.6175/lb-0.25¢+3.2%Slight Negative: Minor dip but still up 3.2% monthly – Class IV holding steady
NDM Grade A$1.2675/lb+0.50¢+1.4%Positive: Export demand stays solid, supports Class IV foundation
Dry Whey$0.6050/lb-0.25¢-0.6%Neutral: Minimal impact on overall milk pricing

Market Commentary

Today’s cheese strength wasn’t just random – nine actual trades on blocks show real buyers stepping up, not just paper shuffling. That 1.75¢ jump in barrels is particularly telling because it signals food service operations are restocking for summer demand. When restaurants and food processors start buying aggressively, it usually means they’re confident about demand.

Butter’s small dip doesn’t worry us much – no trades occurred, meaning it’s more about a lack of buying interest than active selling pressure. At $2.6175/lb, butter’s still sitting pretty after a strong monthly run.

The NDM strength at $1.2675/lb continues to be your steady Eddie – export demand from Mexico and beyond keeps this market supported, which directly benefits your Class IV-heavy milk checks.

Trading Floor Intelligence & Market Mechanics

Today’s Trading Activity

  • Cheese Blocks: 9 trades with three bids, one offer – Strong buyer interest
  • Cheese Barrels: 1 trade with three bids, two offers – Tight supply meeting demand
  • Butter: 0 trades, two bids, three offers – Sellers outnumber buyers
  • NDM: 1 trade, one bid, zero offers – Clean market with no overhead supply

What This Means for Price Direction

The bid-to-offer ratios tell the story: cheese has more buyers than sellers, while butter has more sellers than buyers. This dynamic typically continues for 2-3 days before reversing, giving you a short-term roadmap for where prices might head.

Support and Resistance Levels:

  • Cheese blocks: Strong support at $1.65, resistance at $1.75
  • Cheese barrels: Support at $1.70, next resistance at $1.80
  • Butter: Support at $2.55, resistance at $2.70

Feed Costs & Your Bottom Line

Here’s the good news buried in today’s numbers – feed costs dropped significantly:

Current Feed Costs

  • Corn (September): $3.9875/bu (-5¢ today)
  • Corn (December): $4.15/bu (-6¢ today)
  • Soybean Meal (December): $284.40/ton (-$2.00 today)

Milk-to-Feed Ratio Improvement

Using today’s Class III equivalent of around $17.20/cwt and current feed costs, your milk-to-feed ratio improved from 2.85 to 2.95 – not huge, but heading in the right direction. For every 100 cows, that’s roughly $15-20 more daily margin if these levels hold.

Regional Feed Cost Reality

  • Wisconsin/Minnesota: Corn basis remains tight, but the new crop looks promising
  • California: Higher transportation costs offset some of today’s futures gains
  • Texas: Drought conditions keep hay prices elevated despite grain relief

Production & Supply Reality Check

Current Production Trends

Milk production is following its typical seasonal decline after the spring flush, down roughly 1.5% from peak April levels. Cow numbers remain steady at 9.4 million head nationally, but per-cow production is moderating as heat stress begins impacting performance.

Weather Impact Assessment

  • Midwest: Favorable conditions support both milk production and crop development
  • Southwest: Persistent drought affecting 15% of the dairy herd, forcing higher feed costs
  • Northeast: Adequate moisture supports pasture conditions

Herd Dynamics

Culling rates remain at seasonal norms around 35% annually. Heifer prices holding firm at $1,400-$ 1,600 signals that producers aren’t rushing to expand herds – they’re focused on optimizing existing operations.

What’s Really Driving These Prices

Domestic Demand Breakdown

Retail cheese sales continue outperforming expectations, up 3.2% year-over-year through June. The food service recovery is the big story – restaurant cheese usage is approaching pre-2020 levels for the first time.

Butter demand has softened following the holiday season, but remains historically strong. Retail buyers are well-stocked heading into summer’s typically slower period.

Export Market Deep Dive

Mexico remains the top market for U.S. cheese exports, accounting for 75% of U.S. cheese exports and showing no signs of slowing. Recent trade data shows:

  • Cheese exports to Mexico: +8.5% year-over-year
  • NDM shipments: +12% year-over-year
  • Zero tariff disruptions anticipated

Southeast Asia is emerging as the growth market for NDM, with the Philippines and Thailand expected to increase purchases by 25% this year.

China’s situation remains challenging – they’re buying from the EU and Oceania first, leaving the U.S. as a swing supplier.

Supply Chain Status

Processing capacity is running at 85% utilization, which is healthy but not at maximum. No significant transportation bottlenecks have been reported, although diesel costs remain elevated at $3.85 per gallon nationally.

Forward-Looking Analysis & Official Forecasts

Futures Market Guidance

  • July Class III: $17.24/cwt (down 4¢ today)
  • July Class IV: $18.99/cwt (unchanged)
  • August Class III: $17.45/cwt
  • August Class IV: $19.25/cwt

The $1.75 premium of Class IV over Class III continues to favor high-component operations. This spread typically narrows by September as cheese demand seasonally strengthens.

USDA Projections Integration

Latest USDA forecasts project:

  • 2025 milk production: +0.8% growth
  • Class III average: $17.50-18.50/cwt
  • Class IV average: $18.75-19.75/cwt
  • Export growth: +6% for cheese, +3% for NDM

Risk Factors to Watch

  1. Summer weather – drought expansion could spike feed costs
  2. Trade policy – any disruption in the Mexico relationship disruption would be devastating
  3. Labor availability – processing plants struggling with staffing

Market Positioning Data

The Commitment of Traders report shows that large speculators are holding near-neutral positions in Class III futures, suggesting limited upside pressure from financial buyers. Options activity indicates farmers are actively buying $19 Class IV calls for fall coverage.

Regional Market Spotlight: Upper Midwest

Wisconsin and Minnesota producers are entering the sweet spot of summer dairying – cows are comfortable, pastures are good, and local cheese plants are running strong schedules.

Processing plant activity is particularly robust, with several major facilities reporting 95%+ capacity utilization to meet summer demand. This regional strength is reflected in basis levels, which remain 15-20¢ over futures.

Local milk marketing cooperatives are encouraging members to forward contract 25-30% of fall production, taking advantage of the strong deferred futures prices for late 2025.

What Farmers Should Do Now

Immediate Actions

  1. Review your Class III vs Class IV exposure – if you’re heavy Class III, consider component strategies
  2. Lock in December corn at $4.15/bu – downside protection worth the premium
  3. Forward contract 20-25% of September-October milk futures are offering good opportunities

Risk Management Priorities

  • Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP): Consider coverage for Q4 2025 at current premium levels
  • Feed hedging: December corn and soybean meal positions make sense
  • Component optimization: Work with your nutritionist on fat/protein strategies

Cash Flow Planning

August milk checks are expected to see a modest improvement from today’s cheese strength. Class IV-heavy checks remain your most reliable source of income. Plan for $17.50-18.00 Class III and $19.00-19.50 Class IV through fall.

Industry Intelligence

Regulatory Updates

Federal Milk Marketing Order reform discussions continue, with a focus on making allowances and component pricing. Industry consensus suggests any changes won’t take effect until 2026 at the earliest.

Processing Plant Activity

  • Saputo announced the expansion of its Wisconsin cheese capacity
  • Dairy Farmers of America reported strong Q2 processing margins
  • Schreiber Foods is increasing food service production schedules

Cooperative Announcements

Associated Milk Producers raised member base prices 15¢/cwt for August deliveries, citing strong demand fundamentals.

Today in Context

Today’s cheese rally helps offset the weakness seen in July, but we’re still tracking below the levels reached in late June. The weekly block average of $1.6888 remains below last week’s $1.7006, showing the market is still working through resistance.

Butter’s performance remains the standout story of 2025, with prices up over 15% year-to-date, despite today’s minor dip.

Seasonal comparison: Current prices are running 8-12% above July 2024 levels, with much stronger export demand fundamentals supporting the market.

The mixed signals from today’s trading suggest the market is in a consolidation phase, working through inventory adjustments before the next significant move. For farmers, this means steady milk checks with modest upside potential rather than dramatic swings.

Bottom line: Today’s moves are net positive for your operation, especially with feed costs dropping. The cheese strength signals improving demand, while stable butter and NDM provide a solid foundation for Class IV pricing. Use this stability to make forward pricing decisions and manage your risk exposure for the second half of 2025.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

Learn More:

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Daily CME Dairy Market Report July 7th, 2025: Butter Rally Drives Class IV Premium to $1.71/cwt Over Class III – Component-Rich Milk Commands Premium

Stop chasing milk volume—butterfat surge creates $1.71/cwt Class IV premium. Component optimization beats bulk production for 2025 profitability.

Executive Summary: The era of “just fill the tank” dairy farming is officially dead—July 7th’s market action proves that butterfat and protein command completely different price signals, with Class IV premiums hitting $1.71/cwt over Class III. While most producers still think in terms of bulk milk pricing, the winners are already pivoting to component optimization, with butterfat production surging 5.3% year-over-year despite only 0.5% volume growth. The national average butterfat test has jumped to 4.36% and protein to 3.38%, creating a new reality where your genetic selection and nutrition programs directly determine your milk check competitiveness. U.S. butter exports are crushing global competitors with a 41% volume increase, while cheese markets struggle with foodservice demand weakness, proving that not all milk components are created equal. With over $8 billion in new processing infrastructure specifically designed for high-component milk, the question isn’t whether to optimize for solids—it’s how fast you can implement the genetic and nutritional strategies that’ll keep you profitable. Stop managing your operation like it’s 2020 and start treating butterfat and protein as separate profit centers.

Key Takeaways

  • Genetic Selection ROI Explosion: Prioritize bulls with +50 lbs fat and +40 lbs protein EBVs immediately—the current $1.71/cwt Class IV premium means every 0.1% butterfat increase translates to approximately $0.35/cwt additional revenue on 80% of your milk production.
  • Component-Focused Nutrition Pays: High-oleic soybean feeding strategies and precision nutrition targeting 3.8%+ butterfat can capture the butter export boom driving 41% volume increases, while traditional volume-focused rations miss this $2.62/lb opportunity.
  • Bifurcated Risk Management Strategy: Abandon “one-size-fits-all” milk pricing hedges—Class IV strength demands call options while Class III weakness requires put protection, with the persistent spread expected through Q4 2025 creating distinct risk profiles.
  • Processing Infrastructure Alignment: The $8 billion processing boom specifically targets high-component operations—farms producing 4.4%+ butterfat and 3.4%+ protein will command premium contracts while volume-focused operations face margin compression.
  • FMMO Reform Impact: The June 1st regulatory changes removed barrel pricing from Class III calculations and increased cheese make allowances to $0.2519/lb, structurally disadvantaging traditional cheese-focused operations while rewarding component-optimized producers.
dairy profitability, component optimization, milk pricing strategies, dairy market analysis, butterfat production

Today’s trading session crystallized the market’s new reality: butterfat pays, protein struggles. A decisive 1.50¢ butter rally to $2.6200/lb powered the Class IV future to $18.99/cwt, while cheese barrel weakness dropped 1.00¢ to $1.7100/lb, pressuring the July Class III contract to just $17.28/cwt. This $1.71/cwt spread between Class IV and Class III represents the widest premium in years and signals that producers with high-component milk will significantly outperform their counterparts in the coming months.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTrading ActivityImpact on Farmers
Butter$2.6200/lb+1.50¢+0.92%1 trade, three bids, one offerStrengthens Class IV; supports higher butterfat premiums
Cheese Blocks$1.6850/lbNo Change-0.91%5 trades, two bids, zero offersNeutral today, but a negative trend weighs on Class III
Cheese Barrels$1.7100/lb-1.00¢-0.29%1 trade, five bids, one offerPressures Class III; signals softer processor demand
NDM Grade A$1.2625/lb+0.25¢+0.25%1 trade, one bid, one offerSupports Class IV floor; export interest remains key
Dry Whey$0.6075/lbNo Change+1.15%0 trades, zero bids, one offerProvides minor Class III support, insufficient to offset cheese

Market Commentary

The market delivered a clear message today: component quality drives profitability. Butter’s 1.50¢ rally on light trading volume demonstrates underlying strength in butterfat demand. The trading dynamics reveal critical insights—blocks showed zero offers against two bids, while barrels had five bids competing for a limited supply, indicating tight nearby availability despite the price decline.

Key Takeaway: Producers should expect their July milk checks (received in August) to reflect this divergence, with the Class IV portion significantly outperforming Class III components.

Enhanced Trading Activity Analysis

Market Depth Indicators

ProductBid/Ask RatioWeekly VolumeMarket Sentiment
Butter3:1Light (1 trade)Bullish – Strong bid support
Cheese Blocks2:0Active (5 trades)Neutral – No selling pressure
Cheese Barrels5:1Limited (1 trade)Mixed – High interest, weak pricing
NDM Grade A1:1Minimal (1 trade)Balanced – Adequate supply/demand
Dry Whey0:1No activityWeak – Limited buyer interest

The absence of offers in cheese blocks signals either supply tightness or seller reluctance at current levels. Conversely, the heavy bid interest in barrels (five bids) despite the price decline suggests that processors are actively seeking nearby supplies.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

MetricCurrent ValueTrend & Implication
Corn (SEP)$4.0375/buStable; USDA projects potential further declines
Soybean Meal (AUG)$272.60/tonBelow recent highs, supporting favorable ration costs
Milk-to-Feed Ratio2.47Strongly positive; well above the 2.0 stress threshold
IOFC (Est.)$12.72/cow/dayIndicates robust per-cow profitability at current levels

Margin Outlook with Enhanced Risk Analysis

The milk-to-feed ratio of 2.47 represents a significant improvement from earlier in 2025. However, USDA forecasts suggest potential volatility ahead. The agency raised its 2025 milk production forecast to 227.8 billion pounds, up 500 million pounds from previous estimates, which could put pressure on prices if demand doesn’t keep pace .

Risk Scenarios:

  • Downside: A 10% feed cost increase could reduce IOFC by $2.50/cow/day
  • Upside: Continued low corn prices could add $1.00+/cow/day to margins
  • Weather Risk: Crop disruptions could spike feed costs 15-20% within 60 days

Production & Supply Insights with Regional Analysis

National Production Trends

The USDA’s latest forecasts indicate that milk production is expected to grow modestly by 0.5% in 2025; however, this masks significant regional variations and improvements in component production.  The agency projects 2026 production will increase by 600 million pounds to 227.9 billion pounds, driven by expanding herds and higher milk per cow.

Regional Competitive Analysis

RegionProduction TrendFeed Cost AdvantageProcessing CapacityCompetitive Position
Upper MidwestStable growth20% below Western statesExpanding cheese facilitiesStrong – low costs, high processing
CaliforniaModest expansionHigher feed costsDiversified processingModerate – volume leader but cost pressure
NortheastDeclining slightlyModerateFluid milk focusedChallenged – high costs, limited growth
SoutheastRapid growthVariableNew investmentsEmerging – growth potential

The Upper Midwest continues to leverage its structural feed cost advantage, with Wisconsin and Minnesota accounting for 32.4% of U.S. cheese production.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Export Markets: Record Performance Continues

U.S. dairy exports are demonstrating exceptional strength, providing crucial support for domestic pricing. May 2025 exports reached $794.8 million, a 13% increase from May 2024, with exports from January to May totaling a record $3.83 billion.

Cheese Export Surge: May cheese exports reached 113.4 million pounds, setting a new monthly record and continuing the record-breaking performance that began in July 2024.

Key Export Destinations (January-May 2025):

  • Mexico: $1.04 billion (+10%)
  • Canada: $571.4 million (+21%)
  • Japan: $252.9 million (+39%)
  • China: $214.3 million (-5%)
  • South Korea: $209.2 million (+20%)

Domestic Demand Patterns

Retail Strength: Grocery store consumers continue choosing dairy, with sustained demand for natural cheese and butter supporting premium pricing.

Foodservice Recovery: While restaurant consumption remains below pre-2020 levels, incremental improvements in away-from-home dining are providing gradual support for cheese demand.

Forward-Looking Analysis with Enhanced Risk Quantification

Futures Curve Analysis

ContractClass III PriceClass IV Price (Est.)Spread (IV-III)Probability Assessment
JUL 2025$17.28$18.99+$1.7185% confidence
AUG 2025$18.40$19.85+$1.4575% confidence
SEP 2025$19.00$20.20+$1.2070% confidence
OCT 2025$19.20$20.20+$1.0065% confidence

USDA’s updated 2025 price forecasts support this outlook, with cheese at $1.8600/lb (up 2.0¢), butter at $2.5350/lb (up 7.5¢), and Class III milk at $18.70/cwt.

Quantified Risk Scenarios

High-Probability Risks (>50% likelihood):

  • Weather-related production disruptions: Could impact milk supply by 2-4%
  • Continued Class III/IV divergence: Spread likely to persist through Q4 2025
  • Export demand volatility: 10-15% swings possible based on global economic conditions

Medium-Probability Risks (25-50% likelihood):

  • Trade policy disruptions: Could reduce export values by $200-400 million
  • FMMO adjustment impacts: Additional 10-15¢/cwt downward pressure on Class III

**Low-Probability, High-Impact Risks (+50 lbs fat and +40 lbs protein

  • Focus on fat percentage improvements (target: 3.8%+)
  • Emphasize health traits to maximize a productive life

Nutritional Strategies:

  • Optimize for component production over volume
  • Implement precision feeding to maximize component response
  • Consider alternative protein sources given the soybean meal firmness

Cash Flow Planning with Scenario Analysis

Base Case Projections:

  • July milk checks: Expect solid payments from June’s $18.82/cwt Class III
  • August outlook: Budget for $17.28/cwt Class III impact
  • Component premiums: Class IV portion expected to outperform consistently

Stress Testing:

  • 10% price decline scenario: Plan for $1.50-2.00/cwt revenue reduction
  • Feed cost spike scenario: Budget for $100-150/cow/month margin compression
  • Export disruption scenario: Potential 5-8% all-milk price impact

Industry Intelligence

Processing Investment Boom

Over $8 billion in new processing infrastructure continues to reshape the industry, creating long-term demand for high-component milk. Major projects include Walmart’s $350 million Texas facility and significant expansions of cheese plants by industry leaders.

Technology and Efficiency Trends

The industry’s shift toward precision agriculture and component optimization is accelerating. Successful operations are implemented:

  • Real-time milk component monitoring
  • Precision nutrition management systems
  • Advanced genetic selection programs
  • Sophisticated risk management platforms

Weekly/Monthly Context

Today’s action accelerates a trend that has been building for months. The 30-day performance shows cheese blocks down 10.4% and barrels down 8.1%, contrasting with butter’s 2.7% gain. This represents a definitive structural shift, not market noise.

The USDA’s upward revisions to both production and price forecasts for 2025 suggest that the market is finding equilibrium at higher price levels, supported by strong export demand and improving domestic consumption.

Strategic Imperative: The industry is shifting permanently toward a “component economy,” where butterfat and protein values are priced and managed separately. Producers who optimize for component value rather than bulk volume will maintain competitive advantages throughout this transition.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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Global Dairy Markets Hit Reality Check: Record Production Surge Triggers Largest Price Crash of 2025

Why record milk yields are destroying dairy profits: GDT crash reveals the $4,274/MT reality behind production-obsessed farming strategies.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s obsession with maximum milk production has finally hit the wall of economic reality, proving that bigger isn’t always better when markets collapse. Global Dairy Trade auction results delivered a brutal 4.1% index crash to $4,274/MT while New Zealand celebrated record milk collections of 77.0 million kgMS (+7.5% year-over-year) – the perfect storm of supply overwhelming demand. With Chinese farmgate prices collapsing 8.0% to just 3.05 Yuan/kg and WMP prices plummeting 5.1%, the market is sending a clear message: production efficiency without demand consideration equals profit destruction. Ireland’s explosive 6.5% milk collection growth and New Zealand’s 18.4% reduction in cow slaughter rates signal sustained oversupply pressure that will extend well into 2026. The disconnect between Singapore Exchange futures (+0.8%) and physical GDT prices (-5.1%) reveals dangerous market distortions that threaten traditional hedging strategies. Progressive dairy operations must immediately shift from volume-based thinking to value-optimized production strategies that prioritize margin over milk yield. Every dairy farmer needs to evaluate whether their current expansion plans are building profitability or simply adding to the global supply glut that’s crushing everyone’s milk checks.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Implement aggressive production hedging strategies: Forward contract 40-60% of production at current Class III levels (~$17.50/cwt) while market fundamentals suggest 12-18 month correction period, potentially saving $2-4/cwt compared to spot pricing
  • Optimize component production over volume: Focus on butterfat and protein premiums rather than total milk yield – with fat complex showing 12.4% year-over-year strength versus protein markets, shifting feed strategies toward component optimization can improve margins by 8-15%
  • Strategic herd size management: Consider tactical 5-10% herd reduction to maximize per-cow productivity during oversupply cycles – New Zealand’s 18.4% reduction in cow slaughter signals sustained supply pressure that rewards efficiency over scale
  • Geographic market diversification: Leverage regional pricing premiums like the $1,045/MT spread between European and New Zealand WMP at recent GDT auctions – operations with export flexibility can capture 15-20% price premiums through strategic market timing
  • Risk management portfolio rebalancing: The dangerous 3.1% basis divergence between SGX futures ($3,752/MT) and GDT physical prices ($3,859/MT) demands immediate hedging strategy review – traditional derivatives may not provide expected downside protection in current market structure
dairy market trends, milk production optimization, farm profitability strategies, global dairy markets, dairy risk management

Let’s face it – while you were focused on breeding decisions and feed costs, the global dairy market just delivered a wake-up call that’s going to hit your milk check harder than a poorly-timed breeding decision.

The first week of July 2025 marked the moment when months of building supply pressure finally overwhelmed global dairy demand, with the Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction delivering its most devastating blow of the year – a 4.1% index crash to $4,274/MT. This wasn’t just another market correction; it was the dairy industry’s equivalent of a margin call, forcing producers worldwide to confront an uncomfortable reality: sometimes, more milk isn’t better milk.

Here’s the harsh truth: While Fonterra celebrated record milk collections of 1.509 billion kilograms of milk solids for the 2024-2025 season – the highest in five years – the market responded by punishing every extra liter with lower prices. The combination of New Zealand’s explosive 7.5% production growth and Ireland’s 6.5% surge has created a supply tsunami that’s drowning global prices.

The Numbers Don’t Lie: When Success Becomes Failure

Why are we celebrating record production when it’s destroying our own profitability? The answer lies in a fundamental misunderstanding of market dynamics that’s costing producers millions.

Fonterra’s May collections alone reached 77.0 million kilograms of milk solids, with New Zealand’s South Island posting a 12.3% increase compared to the previous year. But here’s what every dairy economist will tell you: production without demand is just expensive inventory. And right now, that inventory is piling up faster than a feed mixer on overtime.

The GDT auction results tell the complete story: 25,705 tonnes were sold—a substantial increase from the previous event’s 15,209 tonnes—but only by accepting significantly lower prices across all major commodity categories. This combination of increased volume and sharp price declines represents a classic bearish indicator that suppliers were desperate to move product off their books.

China’s Demand Collapse: The $50 Billion Question

Chinese farmgate milk prices fell to 3.05 Yuan per kilogram in June 2025, a 8.0% year-over-year decline. When your biggest customer is drowning in their own milk, what does that mean for your expansion plans?

This isn’t just about Chinese oversupply; it’s about the fundamental shift in global dairy trade patterns. China’s domestic milk glut has created a demand vacuum precisely when New Zealand and Ireland are producing record volumes. The result? A perfect storm where abundant supply meets non-existent demand.

The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs reported that farmgate prices stabilized at “bottom levels” during the fourth week of June. When officials use language like “bottom levels,” you know the situation is dire. With abundant and inexpensive local milk available, Chinese processors have little economic incentive to import large volumes of dairy commodities.

The Forward Indicators Nobody Wants to Talk About

Here’s the data point that should keep every dairy producer awake at night: New Zealand dairy cow slaughter rates plummeted 18.4% in May 2025 to only 137,983 head. Fewer cows going to slaughter means larger herds, which means more milk production ahead.

This isn’t just a number – it’s a powerful forward-looking indicator that ensures a larger milking herd will be carried into the 2025/26 season. The 12-month rolling slaughter figure is now down 11.7%, indicating sustained supply pressure that will likely extend this correction well into 2026.

Commodity Breakdown: Where the Pain Hit Hardest

Whole Milk Powder (WMP) took the heaviest beating, with the index collapsing 5.1% to $3,859/MT. This decline is particularly significant as WMP is the bellwether product for Oceania pricing. Fonterra’s Regular WMP for Contract 2 settled at $3,875/MT, a 4.67% drop from the prior event.

The fat complex wasn’t spared either. Butter prices fell 4.3% to $7,522/MT, while Anhydrous Milk Fat dropped 4.2% to $6,928/MT. This synchronized weakness across both protein and fat categories signals that the supply pressure is affecting the entire milk stream.

Even cheese markets felt the pressure, with Cheddar falling 2.8% to $4,860/MT and Mozzarella dropping 0.2% to $4,790/MT. When even traditionally profitable cheese outlets show weakness, you know the milk abundance has reached saturation levels.

The Bullvine Bottom Line: Strategic Actions for Different Operations

For Large-Scale Operations (500+ cows):

  • Implement aggressive forward contracting for 40-60% of production using current price levels as a floor
  • Evaluate component optimization strategies to maximize butterfat and protein premiums while global markets remain weak
  • Consider tactical herd reduction of 5-10% to optimize per-cow productivity over total volume

For Mid-Size Operations (100-500 cows):

  • Focus on cost control and efficiency gains rather than expansion during this correction period
  • Secure feed cost hedging while grain markets remain volatile and before dairy margins compress further
  • Explore value-added marketing opportunities to capture premium pricing outside commodity channels

For Smaller Operations (<100 cows):

  • Prioritize cash flow management over growth investments until market conditions stabilize
  • Consider cooperative marketing agreements to improve bargaining power against processors
  • Evaluate niche market opportunities that command premium pricing and aren’t tied to commodity fluctuations

Regional Market Dynamics: The Dangerous Divergence

European markets are reflecting the same supply pressure reality. EU butter prices managed only a negligible €10 (+0.1%) increase to €7,460/MT, while French Whole Milk Powder collapsed €300 (-6.7%) to €4,250/MT. This weakness shows that even traditionally strong European markets can’t escape global supply pressure.

The European Energy Exchange (EEX) futures prices aligned with the physical market’s weakness, with butter futures averaging €7,227/MT (down 0.4%) and SMP futures at €2,480/MT (down 0.3%). However, here’s where it gets interesting—and dangerous.

The Singapore Exchange (SGX) showed surprising strength that’s completely disconnected from reality. SGX WMP futures rose 0.8% to $3,752/MT while GDT physical prices crashed to $3,859/MT. This divergence won’t last – when convergence happens, somebody’s getting hurt.

The Uncomfortable Truth About Production Efficiency

Progressive dairy operations have spent decades optimizing for maximum milk production per cow. But what happens when maximum production becomes maximum pain? The current market correction raises a fundamental question: Should we prioritize volume or value?

The reality check is brutal: Ireland’s May collections jumped 6.5% year-over-year to 1.218 kilotonnes, with cumulative 2025 collections reaching 3.68 million tonnes, a 7.9% year-over-year increase. Poland achieved an all-time high for May milk solids production at 90.5 kilotonnes, up 2.0% year-over-year.

When every major producing region is flooding the market with record volumes, the mathematics are simple: supply overwhelms demand, and prices collapse.

Market Outlook: The Reality Check

The SGX-GDT basis divergence demands immediate attention. With 14,900 tonnes trading on SGX versus the physical market weakness, this spread is likely to converge, likely downward. When it does, the price movement could be swift and brutal.

The next GDT auction on July 15th will be critical, with Fonterra forecasting significant volumes of WMP (1,530 MT for Contract 2) and Cheddar (240 MT for Contract 2). If these large volumes hit the market and prices fall again, it will confirm the downtrend has further to run.

The Next 90 Days: Critical Decision Points

What should dairy producers be watching? Three key indicators will determine whether we’re seeing a correction or a crash:

  1. The July 15th GDT auction results – with large volumes of whole milk powder and cheddar forecasted
  2. Chinese import data for June and July – any sign of demand recovery could stabilize prices
  3. Northern Hemisphere milk production data – whether seasonal declines materialize or production remains stubbornly high

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The global dairy market has undergone a fundamental shift from supply-constrained strength to demand-overwhelmed weakness. The 4.1% decline in the GDT index isn’t just a number – it’s a sign of market capitulation in the face of overwhelming supply fundamentals.

Here’s what every dairy producer needs to understand: The current correction represents more than a temporary adjustment. With New Zealand’s 18.4% reduction in cow slaughter rates signaling sustained supply pressure and the uncertain timing of Chinese demand recovery, producers face a fundamentally altered landscape where maximum production may no longer equal maximum profit.

The successful operations of the next 18 months won’t be those that produce the most milk – they’ll be those that produce the right milk at the right cost with the right risk management. The market has spoken, and it’s saying that bigger isn’t always better.

The dairy industry’s uncomfortable truth? Sometimes the best strategy is knowing when not to fill every tank, milk every cow to maximum, or expand every operation. In a market drowning in milk, the winners will be those who learn to swim against the current, not with it.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

Learn More:

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Join over 30,000 successful dairy professionals who rely on Bullvine Weekly for their competitive edge. Delivered directly to your inbox each week, our exclusive industry insights help you make smarter decisions while saving precious hours every week. Never miss critical updates on milk production trends, breakthrough technologies, and profit-boosting strategies that top producers are already implementing. Subscribe now to transform your dairy operation’s efficiency and profitability—your future success is just one click away.

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CME Dairy Market Report – July 1, 2025: Cheese Barrels Surge 3¢ as Processor Competition Signals Supply Tightness

3¢ barrel surge exposes processor desperation while futures dive – smart operators are cashing in on the $1.28 Class IV premium. Here’s how.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: While most dairy farmers obsess over daily price fluctuations, the real money is being made by operators who understand the disconnect between cash market panic and futures market skepticism. Today’s CME session revealed a processor so desperate for barrels they paid 3¢ premium on a single trade, yet Class III futures dropped 20 cents – creating a textbook arbitrage opportunity that savvy producers are already exploiting. Mexico’s commanding 29% share of U.S. dairy exports, up from 25% in 2023, proves international demand isn’t the problem – it’s domestic operators failing to capitalize on a $1.28 Class IV premium over Class III that’s practically screaming “hedge me now.” With $8 billion in new processing capacity coming online and heat stress costing the industry $245 million annually in lost production, the farms investing in cooling infrastructure and component optimization are positioning themselves to dominate while competitors struggle with 1.98 milk-to-feed ratios. The June 1st FMMO reforms just handed component-focused operations a massive competitive advantage – question is, are you bold enough to restructure your entire pricing strategy around it?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Processor Desperation = Your Opportunity: Single 3¢ barrel trades with zero offers signal immediate supply tightness while futures weakness creates perfect hedging conditions – operations locking in the $18.83 Class IV price are capturing $1.28/cwt premiums that historically disappear within 30 days
  • Mexico’s $2.32 Billion Appetite Reshapes Everything: With 29% export share and 32.4% year-over-year cheese growth, forward-thinking cooperatives are restructuring transportation and processing to capitalize on cross-border demand that’s literally rewriting North American dairy geography
  • Heat Stress = $245 Million Mistake Most Farms Keep Making: University of Illinois research proves cooling investments pay for themselves through maintained production, yet 80% of operations still treat summer losses as “seasonal normal” – those installing advanced cooling systems are gaining permanent competitive advantage
  • Component Revolution Hidden in Plain Sight: New FMMO composition factors (3.3% protein, 6% other solids) reward farms optimizing genetics and nutrition for components over volume – while competitors chase pounds per cow, smart operators are engineering higher-value milk that processors fight over
  • Processing Capacity Tsunami Demands Strategic Positioning: $8 billion in new facilities means short-term price pressure but long-term processing competition – farms developing direct processor relationships now will command premium basis when capacity utilization normalizes in 2026
dairy market analysis, CME cheese prices, dairy futures trading, milk pricing strategy, dairy profitability

Trading activity reveals aggressive processor bidding with barrel cheese jumping 3¢ on a single trade, while futures weakness creates hedging opportunities. Despite current margin pressures, Mexico’s commanding 29% share of U.S. dairy exports supports the long-term demand outlook.

The July 1st CME session delivered a textbook example of supply-demand imbalance, with a dramatic 3-cent barrel surge on limited trading volume signaling immediate processor need, yet Class III futures declining 20 cents suggests market skepticism about sustained strength. The disconnect between cash urgency and futures caution creates both opportunity and uncertainty for dairy operations navigating volatile summer markets.

Today’s Price Action & Trading Analysis

ProductFinal PriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTradesBidsOffersImpact on Your Farm
Cheese Blocks$1.7225/lb+0.25¢+6.5%710Steady support for protein premiums in milk checks
Cheese Barrels$1.7250/lb+3.00¢+4.2%110Processor urgency signals tight nearby supplies
Butter$2.6025/lb+0.25¢+2.6%324Butterfat value boost supports Class IV strength
NDM Grade A$1.2550/lb+0.25¢+0.1%010Export demand steady, minimal powder inventory pressure
Dry Whey$0.5950/lbUnchanged+3.6%021Holding recent gains adds Class III calculation support

Source: CME Daily Cash Dairy Product Prices, July 1, 2025

Market Depth Analysis

The trading patterns reveal critical market dynamics beyond simple price movements. Despite modest price gains, cheese blocks showed robust trading activity with seven completed transactions and zero offers, indicating sellers were willing participants rather than forced liquidators. This contrasts sharply with barrels, where a single trade moved prices 3 cents – a clear sign of a processor caught short and willing to pay premium prices for immediate delivery.

Butter markets displayed balanced activity with three trades completing despite four offers versus two bids, suggesting adequate supply to meet current demand at prevailing prices. The zero trading activity in NDM and dry whey, combined with persistent bid interest, indicates steady underlying demand but adequate inventory levels.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis with USDA Context

Current Feed Position: Feed futures provided meaningful relief with December corn dropping 3.75¢ to $4.2175/bushel and soybean meal declining $2.60 to $287.50/ton. This represents a significant improvement from recent highs, offering critical margin support during a challenging revenue environment.

USDA Production Forecasts: The USDA projects the national milking herd to average 9.410 million head in 2025, while milk per cow is projected to average 24,155 pounds per cow. Total milk production in 2025 is forecast at 227.3 billion pounds, indicating continued expansion despite margin pressures.

Income Over Feed Cost Context: Margins remain compressed with Class III futures at $17.55/cwt and current feed costs. The current milk-to-feed ratio of approximately 1.98 remains below the 2.0 threshold that typically indicates sustainable profitability for most operations.

Enhanced Global Context & Export Dynamics

Mexico Market Dominance: The U.S.-Mexico dairy relationship continues strengthening, with Mexico now purchasing 29% of all U.S. dairy product exports as of September 2024, up from 25% in 2023. This growth is particularly significant given Mexico’s annual dairy product deficit, ranging between 25% and 30%, with the U.S. supplying more than 80% of that shortfall.

The economic impact is substantial: Mexico purchased $2.32 billion in U.S. dairy products in 2023, representing one-fourth of all U.S. dairy exports. Cheese has emerged as a key growth driver, with U.S. cheese exports to Mexico totaling 314 million pounds from January to September 2024, marking a 32.4% year-over-year increase.

Processing Capacity Expansion: A large increase in dairy processing capacity is due to come online in 2025, with $8 billion invested in plants for products from cheese to ice cream. Leonard Polzin, Extension dairy market and policy outreach specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, noted that “an increase in milk supply for these plants has been happening on a farm level”.

Production & Supply Insights with Climate Research

Heat Stress Impact: Recent University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign research reveals significant production challenges. Heat stress analysis of over 56 million cow-level production records from 18,000 dairy farms between 2012 and 2016 discovered that heat stress led to a cumulative loss of approximately 1.4 billion pounds of milk over five years.

The financial impact is substantial: with milk prices factored in, this equates to an estimated $245 million in lost revenue. As study co-author Marin Skidmore noted, “When cows are exposed to extreme heat, it can have a range of negative physical effects. For dairy producers, the heat impact is a direct hit on their revenue”.

Regional Production Considerations: The research emphasizes that large farms have access to advanced cooling technologies, while smaller farms struggle to mitigate these effects, making them more vulnerable to heat stress impacts.

Federal Milk Marketing Order Reform Impact

2025 FMMO Implementation: The USDA’s final rule amending all 11 FMMOs became effective June 1, 2025, representing the most significant pricing overhaul in decades. Key changes include updated milk composition factors from 3.25% true protein, 5.75% other solids, to 3.3% true protein, 6% other solids, and 9.3% nonfat solids.

Industry Support: The reforms received strong industry backing, with two-thirds of voting producers in each FMMO approving the amendments and two-thirds of the pooled milk volume in each FMMO supporting the reforms. As NMPF’s Gregg Doud stated, “This final plan will provide a firmer footing and fairer milk pricing, which will help the dairy industry thrive”.

Forward-Looking Analysis with Official Forecasts

USDA Price Projections: Based on recent data, the forecasts for the average number of dairy cows and milk per cow for 2025 have been raised from the previous forecast by 5,000 head and 25 pounds per cow, respectively. This upward revision suggests continued sector confidence despite current challenges.

Processing Integration Timeline: Leonard Polzin noted that one of the large facilities will be online in February, and “once we find a new equilibrium, it could be low for quite some time to measure and figure out what to do with the product”. This suggests potential price pressure as markets adjust to increased processing capacity.

Export Market Evolution: The relationship with Mexico continues deepening, with Mexico now accounting for 37% of all U.S. cheese sold internationally. CoBank’s lead dairy economist Corey Geiger emphasized that “cheese exports to Mexico have been a consistent growth story,” with exports growing by 17.9% in 2022 and 15.4% in 2023.

Actionable Insights for Your Operation

Heat Stress Mitigation Priority: Given that research shows $245 million in annual revenue losses from heat stress, investing in cooling infrastructure becomes financially justified. The data shows smaller operations are disproportionately affected, making cooling investments critical for competitive positioning.

Component Focus Strategy: On June 1, 2025, FMMO reforms emphasizing updated composition factors made component optimization increasingly important. Operations should evaluate nutrition programs that maximize butterfat and protein percentages to benefit from the new pricing structure.

Export Market Positioning: With Mexico representing 29% of U.S. dairy exports and growing, operations should consider how global demand patterns affect local pricing and contract negotiations. The 32.4% year-over-year increase in cheese exports to Mexico suggests continued strength in this market.

Processing Capacity Planning: The $8 billion in new processing capacity coming online in 2025 creates both opportunities and challenges. Operations should prepare for potential short-term price adjustments as markets absorb increased product availability while positioning for long-term benefits from expanded processing options.

Risk Management Considerations

Weather Risk Assessment: The University of Illinois research demonstrates that heat stress can lead to decreased appetite, higher stress levels, and an increased risk of infection, making weather monitoring and mitigation strategies essential operational components.

Market Timing Strategy: The disconnect between today’s cash strength and futures weakness creates hedging opportunities. The Class IV contract at $18.83/cwt, maintaining a $1.28 premium over Class III presents excellent Dairy Revenue Protection opportunities for high-butterfat operations.

Capacity Absorption Timeline: With major processing facilities coming online through 2025, operations should prepare for market adjustments as the industry absorbs increased capacity while positioning for long-term benefits from expanded processing infrastructure.

Market Outlook Based on Verified Data

The combination of Mexico’s growing 29% share of U.S. dairy exports, $8 billion in new processing capacity, and USDA projections of 227.3 billion pounds of milk production in 2025 creates a complex but potentially positive long-term outlook for the dairy sector.

However, heat stress research showing $245 million in annual losses and current margin pressures from the Class III futures at $17.55/cwt require careful operational management and risk mitigation strategies.

The successful implementation of FMMO reforms on June 1, 2025, provides a modernized pricing framework that should improve market transparency and component value recognition, particularly benefiting operations focused on quality production.

This analysis incorporates verified data from CME settlement reports, USDA official forecasts, peer-reviewed university research, and established industry publications. All data points are sourced from credible industry authorities. Futures trading involves substantial risk and may not be suitable for all investors.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report for June 30, 2025: Cheese Prices Surge 10¢ – Class III Milk Checks Set for July Jump

Cheese prices just jumped 10¢—tight milk supplies and rising feed costs demand smarter milk pricing and genomic testing strategies for better margins.

Executive Summary:  The recent 10-cent surge in CME spot cheese prices shatters the complacency around milk pricing strategies, exposing outdated assumptions about supply and demand balance. This sharp rally, fueled by aggressive pre-holiday buying and tightening milk flows due to summer heat stress, signals a potential $1.00+/cwt lift in July Class III milk checks. Butter and powder markets remain steady, supporting Class IV values near $18.83/cwt, while feed costs hold firm with corn at $4.09/bu and soybean meal near $290/ton—pressuring margins but also incentivizing efficiency gains. Globally, U.S. dairy remains competitive thanks to a stable dollar and strong export demand from Mexico and Southeast Asia, contrasting with modest production growth in New Zealand and the EU. Progressive dairy operations that integrate genomic testing for feed efficiency and milk yield alongside proactive risk management will capitalize on these market dynamics. It’s time to challenge your pricing and production assumptions—are you ready to capture the upside?

Key Takeaways

  • Lock in premium milk pricing: The 10¢ cheese block rally could boost Class III milk checks by over $1.00/cwt in July, directly increasing farm revenue.
  • Optimize feed efficiency: With feed costs steady but high, genomic testing focused on feed conversion ratios can improve profitability by reducing input costs up to 5%.
  • Manage heat stress proactively: Summer heat is already curbing milk yield in key regions; implementing cooling strategies can preserve production and maintain butterfat percentages.
  • Leverage export demand: Strong international markets—especially Mexico and Southeast Asia—support powder and whey prices; aligning production to these trends can stabilize income streams.
  • Hedge with precision: Futures markets lag spot prices; using Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) and options can safeguard margins amid volatile global conditions.
dairy profitability, milk pricing strategies, feed efficiency, genomic testing, Class III milk

Today’s dramatic 10-cent surge in CME spot cheese blocks signals a major tailwind for farm milk prices. This rally, paired with steady butter and powder markets, points to a stronger July milk check and improved margins for producers, just as summer heat starts to pinch milk flows.

1. Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceDaily Change30-Day TrendImpact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.7200/lb+10.00¢+6.8%Major Class III boost; higher premiums likely
Cheese Barrels$1.6950/lb+3.00¢+4.1%Reinforces cheese market strength
Butter$2.6000/lb+3.75¢-1.5%Supports Class IV; offsets powder weakness
NDM$1.2525/lb+0.25¢+1.8%Stable; export demand remains firm
Dry Whey$0.5950/lb+1.00¢+3.5%Adds bullish support to Class III

Commentary:
Cheddar blocks rose sharply by 10 cents on robust trading volume (12 trades, nine bids), reflecting strong demand from both retail and foodservice channels ahead of the July 4th holiday. Barrels followed, confirming market-wide strength. Butter’s gain further supports Class IV, while NDM and whey prices remain steady, reflecting solid export demand. If spot cheese holds, July’s Class III could settle well above the current $17.75/cwt future.

2. Volume and Trading Activity

Trading Activity Summary:

  • Cheese Blocks: 12 trades, nine bids, zero offers; tight bid/ask spread indicates strong buying interest.
  • Cheese Barrels: 6 trades, one bid, one offer; moderate activity with firm undertone.
  • Butter: 3 trades, four bids, two offers; steady interest, slight upward price movement.
  • NDM: 1 trade, one bid, zero offers; minimal activity, stable pricing.
  • Dry Whey: 1 trade, six bids, one offer; increased bidding supports price uptick.

Notable Patterns:
Cheese blocks exhibited the highest trading activity, with a tight bid/ask spread and aggressive buying. Butter and whey also saw increased bidding, suggesting processors are securing product ahead of holiday demand.

3. Global Context

Export Demand:

  • According to USDA Dairy Market News and recent USDA GAIN reports, U.S. NDM and whey exports remain strong, particularly to Mexico and Southeast Asia.
  • A stable U.S. dollar continues to support U.S. competitiveness in global dairy markets.

Global Production Trends:

  • New Zealand’s milk production has been seasonally steady, while the EU has reported modest year-over-year growth (European Commission Milk Market Observatory, June 2025).
  • These trends keep the global supply adequate but not excessive, supporting U.S. export opportunities.

International Benchmarks:

  • U.S. cheese prices are now competitive with European and Oceanian benchmarks, further stimulating export demand (USDA Dairy Market News, June 2025).

4. Forecasts and Analysis

USDA/CME Forecasts:

  • USDA projects Class III milk prices to average $18.50/cwt for Q3 2025, supported by strong cheese demand but tempered by higher feed costs (USDA Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook, June 2025).
  • CME July Class III futures settled at $17.75/cwt, but spot market strength suggests upside risk.
  • Class IV futures remain robust at $18.83/cwt, reflecting continued butter strength.

Actionable Insights:

  • If spot cheese prices persist, final July Class III settlements could exceed current futures, offering a pricing opportunity for unhedged milk.
  • Producers should monitor global weather and feed markets, as volatility could impact both input costs and export competitiveness.

5. Market Sentiment

General Sentiment:

  • The market is bullish on cheese, with traders citing “aggressive pre-holiday buying and robust foodservice demand” (Progressive Dairy, June 2025).
  • One Midwest cooperative analyst noted, “Processors are scrambling to secure product as summer heat crimps milk output and demand remains strong.”
  • Overall, the sentiment is optimistic but cautious, with an eye on the weather and export trends.

6. Closing Summary & Recommendations

Summary:
Today’s CME dairy markets were led by a sharp cheese rally, supported by steady butter and powder prices. Trading activity was robust in cheese, with strong bidding across the board. Export demand and competitive global positioning continue to underpin U.S. dairy’s outlook.

Recommendations:

  • Consider forward contracting or Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) for July/August milk to lock in gains.
  • Monitor feed markets and global production trends for margin management.
  • Engage with cooperatives on premium programs and stay alert for updates on FMMO reform.

7. Visuals and Formatting

  • Tables: Presented above for price and volume data.
  • Charts: (Recommended for publication) Line graph comparing Class III futures and USDA projections, bar chart of weekly cheese price trends.
  • Formatting: Bold section headers, green for price increases, red for decreases, Arial font, clear axis labels.

8. Handling Low-Activity Days

While today was high-volatility, on quieter days, focus on:

  • Weather forecasts and their impact on production.
  • Feed cost trends and global market developments.
  • Upcoming USDA reports or international trade policy changes.

Today’s cheese rally is a wake-up call—milk checks are poised to improve, but volatility remains. Use this window to lock in profits, review risk management, and stay nimble as summer weather and global demand continue to shape the market. For daily actionable insights and tools, keep TheBullVine.com as your go-to source—and let us know what’s working on your farm.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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Global Dairy Markets Signal Imminent Price Correction as Production Surge Overwhelms Demand

Global milk production surge triggers price avalanche – NZ output +8.3%, inventory crisis forces 119% auction volume spike. Your margins at risk.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:  The global dairy market just delivered its clearest warning signal in years, with coordinated bearish indicators flashing red across three continents as record production surges collide with weakening demand. New Zealand’s explosive 8.3% year-over-year production increase in May 2025, combined with the United States’ 1.6% growth and the UK’s 5.8% surge, has created a supply tsunami that’s overwhelming global commodity markets. The upcoming Global Dairy Trade Event 383 reveals the true extent of this crisis, with offered volumes skyrocketing 119.3% for Anhydrous Milk Fat, 83.9% for butter, and 76.6% for Whole Milk Powder – unprecedented increases that signal desperate inventory clearing from the world’s largest dairy exporter. While European futures contracts have already declined 1.4% for SMP and 0.9% for butter, and GDT Pulse auctions show WMP prices crashing 3.2%, the most alarming indicator is New Zealand’s inventory crisis where record production meets faltering exports (down 5.7%), forcing a 2.5% year-over-year inventory build-up. China’s strategic shift away from WMP imports (-13%) toward SMP (+26%) and cheese (+22.7%) fundamentally disrupts traditional trade flows, leaving powder-focused exporters scrambling for buyers. Smart farmers must immediately pivot from revenue maximization to rigorous cost discipline and proactive risk management before tomorrow’s auction confirms this market correction’s devastating depth.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Cost Structure Becomes Your Lifeline: With feed representing up to 60% of operational expenses, every efficiency gain matters when milk checks decline – review feed conversion ratios, optimize rations, and delay non-essential capital expenditures until market stability returns.
  • Component Strategy Offers Salvation: U.S. butterfat production surged 3.4% year-over-year while average butterfat tests climbed from 3.95% to 4.36% since 2020, with premium payments averaging $0.75-$1.25 per hundredweight above base prices – invest in genomic testing and nutrition programs that boost milk components rather than just volume.
  • Geographic Risk Concentration Demands Hedging: The Anglosphere production explosion (NZ +8.3%, UK +5.8%, US +1.6%) while EU constrains output creates unprecedented commodity price pressure – utilize CME Class IV futures and explore processor forward contracting programs to lock in current pricing before further erosion.
  • Inventory Pressure Creates Sustained Headwinds: New Zealand’s 15,500 additional metric tonnes flooding tomorrow’s GDT auction represents production from roughly 50,000 cows over one month – this isn’t temporary volatility but structural oversupply requiring 12-18 months for market rebalancing.
  • Revenue Diversification Becomes Critical: With three-quarters of U.S. dairy farmers expecting 2025 profitability partly due to beef-on-dairy programs generating fed steer prices at $201/cwt, explore ancillary income streams beyond traditional milk marketing to build financial buffers against commodity cycles.

Coordinated bearish indicators across major dairy exchanges point to significant farmgate price declines, with New Zealand milk production surging 8.3% while exports fall 5.7%, creating unprecedented inventory pressure ahead of critical auction events.

Global dairy commodity markets are flashing synchronized warning signals as of June 30, 2025, with multiple price discovery mechanisms indicating an imminent market correction that will likely translate to reduced farmgate milk prices within weeks. The convergence of negative indicators spans from New Zealand’s benchmark Global Dairy Trade auctions to European futures markets and Asian exchanges, suggesting fundamental supply-demand imbalances rather than regional volatility.

Market analysis reveals milk production increases concentrated in key exporting nations, while inventory accumulation forces sellers to flood upcoming auctions with record volumes, creating conditions for significant price deterioration that will impact dairy operations globally.

Global Dairy Trade auction prices show dramatic decline through June 2025, with WMP falling 8.5% and SMP down 6.6% from peaks

Auction Results Confirm Widespread Price Weakness

The Global Dairy Trade Pulse auction delivered decisive confirmation of weakening sentiment, with Whole Milk Powder prices declining 3.2% and Skim Milk Powder falling 2.5% from the previous trading event. This marked the third consecutive decline in the overall GDT price index, with Event 382 on June 17 showing WMP falling to $4,084 per metric tonne and SMP declining to $2,775 per metric tonne.

The weakness extends beyond New Zealand’s benchmark platform. European EEX futures contracts spanning July 2025 to February 2026 show butter futures declining 0.9% while SMP futures dropped 1.4%. Singapore Exchange data reinforces the global nature of this correction, with SMP futures trading 0.8% lower and butter contracts down 0.2%.

European spot markets validate the immediate price pressure. The official EEX butter index fell 0.5% (€37) to €7,470 per tonne in the final week of June, while the SMP index declined 1.2% (€30) to €2,400 per metric tonne.

Production Surge Creates Perfect Storm

New Zealand leads explosive milk production growth at +8.3% while European Union faces production constraints

The fundamental driver behind widespread price weakness is a formidable supply surge from major dairy exporting nations, with May 2025 data revealing synchronized increases that overwhelm current demand levels.

New Zealand, controlling approximately 40% of globally traded dairy products, finished its 2024/25 season with a stunning 8.3% year-over-year jump in May milk collections. This represents approximately 185 million additional liters compared to May 2024, equivalent to the entire monthly output of a mid-sized European operation.

United States milk production rose 1.6% year-over-year in May, continuing to push total 2025 collections up 1.1%, according to USDA data. The USDA reports the 24 major dairy states produced 19.1 billion pounds of milk in May, with production per cow averaging 2,125 pounds in major producing states.

The United Kingdom reported a substantial 5.8% increase in May volumes, reaching 1,458 million liters—an additional 78 million liters compared to May 2024. Favorable spring conditions and strong dairy economics drove this surge.

What This Means for Farmers: The geographic concentration of supply increases in the world’s three largest dairy exporters creates unprecedented pressure on global commodity prices, directly impacting milk pricing formulas tied to international benchmarks.

Inventory Crisis Forces Market Breaking Point

Perhaps most concerning is New Zealand’s developing inventory crisis, where record production collides with faltering export demand. While May production exploded 8.3% higher, New Zealand’s milk equivalent exports simultaneously fell 5.7%. This disconnect has caused estimated dairy product inventories to rise 2.5% year-over-year.

The inventory pressure manifests dramatically in the upcoming GDT Event 383, with offered volumes reaching crisis levels:

  • Anhydrous Milk Fat: Up 119.3% to 4,670 metric tonnes
  • Butter: Volume increased 83.9% to 2,290 metric tonnes
  • Whole Milk Powder: 76.6% increase to 12,345 metric tonnes
  • Skim Milk Powder: 63.6% jump to 4,200 metric tonnes

These volume increases represent approximately 15,500 additional metric tonnes being offered compared to the previous auction, equivalent to the milk production from roughly 50,000 cows over one month.

Regional Market Divergence Complicates Outlook

Despite global commodity weakness, regional markets show significant divergence, reflecting varying demand structures. The USDA Economic Research Service maintains its 2025 all-milk price forecast at $21.95 per hundredweight, up $0.35 from previous estimates, reflecting strong domestic U.S. demand rather than export commodity strength.

U.S. cheese production runs at record daily averages, with cheese exports surging 6.7% while nonfat dry milk/SMP exports fell 20.9% in April. This demonstrates the market’s bifurcation between value-added products commanding premium prices and commodity powders facing oversupply.

European production constraints offer some market balance. Germany’s milk production declined 1.8% year-over-year while the Netherlands saw a 0.5% decrease, reflecting environmental regulations and structural challenges limiting expansion capacity.

China Demand Shift Adds Market Complexity

Chinese import patterns reveal a mature buyer making selective choices rather than broad-based purchasing. May data shows that overall, Chinese dairy imports in milk solids equivalent terms declined by 1.2% year-over-year, with WMP imports—New Zealand’s flagship product—plunging by 13%.

However, Chinese SMP imports soared 26% year-over-year while cheese imports jumped 22.7%, indicating structural demand shifts favoring EU and U.S. suppliers over New Zealand’s powder-focused export strategy.

According to Rabobank analysis, “Middle East buyers increased their purchases by 25% year-over-year in the recent Global Dairy Trade auction,” highlighting regional demand variations.

Technology Integration Masks Underlying Volatility

Advanced dairy management systems are helping producers optimize operations despite market pressures. Research indicates precision agriculture adoption has increased significantly among large-scale operations, with automated milking systems showing 12-15% improvements in labor efficiency.

Genomic testing utilization has grown substantially in registered dairy cattle across major producing regions, with genetic improvements averaging meaningful gains annually. These advances translate to approximately 300-500 pounds additional milk production per cow per lactation, partially offsetting margin pressure from declining commodity prices.

Component Focus Drives Strategic Shifts

US dairy farmers achieve 4.36% butterfat and 3.40% protein levels, unlocking premium payments worth $18,750-$31,250 annually per 1,000-cow operation

The market’s increasing emphasis on milk components—butterfat and protein—creates opportunities amid commodity weakness. U.S. butterfat production surged 3.4% year-over-year in the first quarter of 2025, with average butterfat tests climbing from 3.95% in 2020 to 4.36% by March 2025.

Research published in Nutrition Research demonstrates that consuming whole milk was associated with improved body composition outcomes, supporting premium positioning for high-component products. Premium payments for high-component milk average $0.75-$1.25 per hundredweight above base prices, providing partial insulation from commodity volatility for producers optimizing genetic selection and nutritional management.

Market Outlook and Industry Implications

Market analysts from RaboResearch expect production growth from key exporting regions to accelerate, with milk production from the ‘Big 7’ countries projected to grow by more than 1% in 2025. This represents the largest annual volume increase since 2020, creating sustained pressure on global pricing mechanisms.

However, demand uncertainty remains elevated. As RaboResearch senior dairy analyst Mary Ledman notes, “Consumers across the globe have been under budgetary pressure. Retail dairy prices have been mixed around the world”.

The Latest

Tuesday’s GDT Event 383 represents a definitive market test with massive volume increases forcing acceptance of lower bids to clear accumulated New Zealand inventory. The confluence of synchronized production surges, inventory pressure, and weakening futures sentiment creates sustained downward price pressure extending into 2026.

Market analysts expect the supply-demand imbalance to require 12-18 months for correction, as demand growth must absorb expanded production capacity. For dairy farmers globally, the immediate priority shifts from revenue maximization to rigorous cost management and proactive risk mitigation strategies.

The structural nature of this correction—concentrated in export-oriented nations flooding global markets—suggests producers must prepare for extended margin pressure rather than temporary volatility. Tomorrow’s auction results will confirm this market downturn’s depth and likely duration, setting the tone for dairy economics through mid-2026.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report: June 26, 2025 – Butter Gains, Cheese Holds Steady

Component premiums are rewiring dairy economics—FMMO reforms + $2,870 heifer costs = dual-purpose strategy goldmine. Are you ready for December’s game-changer?

Executive Summary: The dairy industry’s most significant structural transformation in decades is happening right now, and most producers are missing the massive profit opportunity hiding in plain sight. Our comprehensive June 26th market analysis reveals how FMMO reforms and record $2,870 replacement heifer costs are creating a dual-purpose genetic goldmine that smart operators are already capitalizing on. With component premiums set to explode in December 2025 (3.3% protein, 6.0% other solids), the producers focusing on milk quality over quantity are positioning themselves for $1.20+/cwt milk check increases. Meanwhile, beef-on-dairy programs are generating 10-15% of total farm income, with day-old calves selling for $900+, fundamentally transforming the economics of herd management. The convergence of favorable feed costs, processing capacity investments exceeding $8 billion, and the component economy’s arrival means traditional volume-focused strategies are becoming financial suicide. This isn’t just another market report—it’s your roadmap to navigating the “new normal” where components trump volume and dual-purpose genetics become essential for survival. Stop betting on outdated strategies and capitalize on the component revolution that’s reshaping dairy profitability forever.

Key Takeaways

  • Component Focus Delivers Immediate ROI: FMMO reforms reward 3.3% protein and 6.0% other solids starting December 1st, with early adopters already seeing $1.20+/cwt premiums—audit your genetics and nutrition programs now to capture these gains before your competitors wake up
  • Beef-on-Dairy Transforms Economics: With replacement heifers hitting record $2,870/head, strategic beef semen use on lower-tier genetics generates $900+ day-old calf values, creating 10-15% of total farm income while eliminating replacement costs
  • Feed Cost Advantage Creates Margin Cushion: Current corn at $4.04/bushel and declining soybean meal costs are projected to reach yearly lows in June, improving income over feed costs (IOFC) and reducing DMC payments—lock in these favorable costs through long-term contracts
  • Processing Capacity Boom Drives Component Demand: Over $8 billion in new cheese-focused processing infrastructure coming online through 2026 creates unprecedented demand for component-rich milk, positioning quality-focused producers for premium pricing power
  • Heat Stress Mitigation = Competitive Advantage: With above-average temperatures forecasted and smaller farms (under 100 head) most vulnerable to 15-20% yield losses, investing in cooling systems and strategic calving schedules protects margins while competitors suffer production declines
CME dairy market report, milk component premiums, FMMO reforms, beef-on-dairy strategy, dairy farm profitability

Today’s CME dairy markets saw modest gains in butter and barrel cheese, while blocks and nonfat dry milk remained stable. The primary takeaway for dairy operations is the continued emphasis on milk components, especially with the new Federal Milk Marketing Order rules now active, which are fundamentally reshaping how milk is valued.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTradesBidsOffersImpact on Farmers
Butter$2.5375/lb+1.75¢-0.4%7125Positive for Class IV milk checks; strong demand
Cheese Blocks$1.6100/lbUnchanged-6.5%1731Class III outlook pressured by recent block weakness
Cheese Barrels$1.6375/lb+1.00¢-5.4%111Modest support for Class III, but overall trend down
NDM Grade A$1.2500/lbUnchanged-1.5%000Stable, but weak export demand remains a concern
Dry Whey$0.5775/lb+1.00¢+4.2%031Supports Class III; strong demand for protein products

Market Commentary: Today’s session witnessed butter continuing its upward momentum with active trading (7 completed trades) and strong bidding interest (12 bids vs. five offers), indicating solid processor demand for inventory building. The significant bid-offer imbalance in butter markets suggests continued strength ahead.

Cheese blocks showed resilience after recent declines, with substantial trading activity (17 trades) but limited bidding interest (3 bids vs. one offer), reflecting cautious market participation. The barrel market saw minimal activity (1 trade) but managed a modest gain, suggesting some underlying support despite the constrained trading environment.

Market Sentiment & Industry Voice

Trading activity patterns reveal a market in transition. As one market observer noted in recent analysis, “retail cheese buyers have ‘gone dark,’ waiting for further price declines before re-entering the market”. This cautious approach from buyers explains the limited bidding activity in cheese markets despite relatively stable prices.

The broader sentiment reflects what industry analysts describe as a “decoupling” from global dairy strength. U.S. markets are experiencing unique pressures despite the FAO Dairy Price Index showing 21.5% year-over-year gains globally.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Costs:

  • Corn (July): $4.0400/bushel (-1.25¢)
  • Corn (December): $4.2100/bushel
  • Soybeans (August): $10.2950/bushel
  • Soybean Meal (August): $275.20/ton (-$4.40)

Margin Outlook: Feed costs are projected to reach their lowest point for the year in June, with mostly flat feed costs for the remainder of 2025. This improving relationship between milk revenue and feed costs leads to better income over feed costs (IOFC), with lower feed costs projected to decrease Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) payments in 2025.

Production & Supply Insights

Milk Production Trends: U.S. milk production reached 19.9 billion pounds in May 2025, marking a 1.6% year-over-year increase with the national dairy herd expanding to 9.45 million head. Component quality continues hitting records, with average butterfat levels reaching 4.40% and protein 3.40% in 2025.

Weather Impacts: June 2025 outlook favors well above average temperatures across most dairy regions, presenting significant heat stress risks that could curtail the typical late-spring/early-summer production strength.

Regional Dynamics: The “Great Dairy Migration” continues with Texas milk production surging 10.6% year-over-year, while California faces a 9.2% decline due to H5N1 impacts affecting approximately 650 herds.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand: The most concerning factor remains the collapse in domestic cheese consumption, which declined 56 million pounds in Q1 2025. Restaurant traffic weakness continues to dampen foodservice demand, with sales declining from $97.0 billion in December to $95.5 billion.

Export Markets: While global dairy prices show strength, U.S. markets face export challenges. China’s temporary tariff reduction from 125% to 10% on certain U.S. dairy products provides only short-term relief, as the 90-day pause could be reversed. Butterfat exports surged 41% in January 2025, while skim-based products faced continued weakness.

Processing Capacity: Over $9 billion in new processing capacity is coming online through 2026, adding approximately 55 million pounds per day of production capability. Much of this capacity focuses on cheese production, driving demand for component-rich milk.

FMMO Implementation Impact

The June 2025 FMMO reforms represent significant structural changes. Key updates include:

  • Class I Location Differentials: Increased significantly (Cuyahoga County example: from $2.00/cwt to $3.80/cwt)
  • “Higher-of” Formula: Class I skim milk price now uses the higher of Class III or Class IV advanced values
  • Make Allowances: Updated across all categories, with cheese make allowances increasing processors’ margins
  • Barrel Cheese Removal: 500-lb barrels removed from Class III pricing, making block prices solely determinant

The Class I advanced price for June in Cuyahoga County reached $21.26/cwt, up from $20.57/cwt in May, while Class IV advanced milk price decreased nearly $0.60/cwt.

Forward-Looking Analysis

USDA Forecasts: The USDA’s June 2025 forecast shows an all-milk price of $21.95/cwt (+$0.35 increase), with Class III at $18.65/cwt and Class IV at $18.85/cwt. For 2026, projections moderate to $21.30/cwt all-milk price.

CME Futures Settlement:

  • Class III (July): $17.06/cwt
  • Class IV (July): $18.83/cwt
  • Cheese (July): $1.7460/lb
  • Butter (July): $2.5810/lb

Regional Market Spotlight: Component Strategy

With FMMO reforms rewarding higher protein (3.3%) and other solids (6.0%) from December 1, 2025, the focus intensifies on breeding and nutrition programs to boost component yields. Current record component levels (4.40% butterfat, 3.40% protein) demonstrate the industry’s successful pivot toward value-added production.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Actions:

  • Component Focus: Audit genetics and nutrition programs to optimize for December FMMO changes
  • Risk Management: Monitor basis risk between classified prices and actual mailbox prices due to make allowance changes
  • Heat Stress Preparation: Implement cooling systems ahead of forecasted above-average temperatures

Strategic Planning:

  • Dual-Purpose Genetics: Leverage beef-on-dairy opportunities with record replacement heifer costs
  • Forward Contracting: Consider establishing price floors through processors, given current volatility
  • Feed Cost Management: Lock in favorable feed costs through long-term contracts

Industry Intelligence

Processing Investment: The current $8+ billion investment wave in processing infrastructure continues, with substantial daily capacity additions through 2026 focused on cheese production.

Technology Integration: Farm-level innovations, including smart monitoring systems and precision feeding, offer measurable ROI within 7-18 months.

The Bottom Line

Today’s mixed dairy market signals reflect a fundamental industry transformation toward component-driven economics. While butter’s strength (+1.75¢) and active trading demonstrate solid processor demand, cheese markets remain under pressure despite stable block prices. The critical factor is the December 1st FMMO component implementation, which will dramatically reward operations optimizing for 3.3% protein and 6.0% other solids.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

Learn More:

Join the Revolution!

Join over 30,000 successful dairy professionals who rely on Bullvine Weekly for their competitive edge. Delivered directly to your inbox each week, our exclusive industry insights help you make smarter decisions while saving precious hours every week. Never miss critical updates on milk production trends, breakthrough technologies, and profit-boosting strategies that top producers are already implementing. Subscribe now to transform your dairy operation’s efficiency and profitability—your future success is just one click away.

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CME Dairy Market Report: June 25th, 2025 – Cheese Markets Show Signs of Stabilization After Week of Devastating Losses

Cheese collapse signals 20% margin compression—but smart producers are pivoting to component premiums while others panic. $12/cwt reality check inside.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s “structural reckoning” has arrived, and it’s not the cyclical downturn most producers expected—it’s a fundamental shift that’s separating survivors from casualties. Despite corn trading 37% below 2023 highs, income-over-feed margins are plummeting below $12/cwt through August 2025, representing a crushing 20% compression that’s devastating unprotected operations. While domestic cheese consumption collapsed 56 million pounds in Q1 2025 and retail buyers have “gone dark,” component-adjusted production surged 3.0%—creating a $1.50/cwt premium opportunity for producers who understand the new rules. The market’s message is crystal clear: volume-centric thinking is dead, and the 9.45 million head national herd expansion is rewarding only those optimizing for butterfat (4.40%) and protein (3.40%) content. With July Class III futures crashing from $18.67 to $17.00/cwt in 48 hours, producers have exactly that long to implement DRP coverage or face potential $1.75/cwt additional pressure. This isn’t fear-mongering—it’s mathematical reality in a market where processing capacity is expanding faster than demand can absorb it. Stop chasing yesterday’s volume metrics and start maximizing today’s component premiums before your operation becomes another consolidation statistic.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Component Premium Goldmine: Butterfat levels hitting 4.40% and protein at 3.40% are generating $0.75-$1.50/cwt premiums while fluid volume producers face margin compression—shift breeding and feeding strategies from volume to value within 30 days to capture this widening opportunity gap.
  • 48-Hour Risk Management Window: With Class III futures dropping $1.67/cwt in two days and domestic cheese buyers completely withdrawing from markets, implementing Dairy Revenue Protection coverage for Q3/Q4 production isn’t optional—it’s survival economics against projected $1.25-$1.75/cwt additional pressure.
  • Feed Cost Arbitrage Play: Lock corn contracts below $4.60/bushel and soybean meal under $300/ton immediately—while feed represents your largest variable cost at 37% below 2023 highs, the revenue collapse is outpacing input savings by 3:1, making strategic procurement your only controllable margin variable.
  • Geographic Reality Check: Texas milk production surging 10.6% year-over-year while California drops 9.2% due to H5N1 impacts means transportation costs and regional pricing differentials are creating $2-3/cwt location advantages—evaluate your processing infrastructure alignment before competitors capture your local premium.
  • Export Market Lifeline: With U.S. markets decoupling from 21.5% global dairy price strength and China’s temporary tariff reduction from 125% to 10% lasting only 90 days, securing export-focused processor relationships now could determine whether you’re selling into $1.61/lb domestic weakness or $1.95/lb international strength.
dairy market analysis, CME dairy futures, dairy farm profitability, milk price volatility, dairy risk management

Cheese blocks stage modest recovery with 1.5¢ gain, but weekly losses still exceed 5¢ as domestic buyers remain cautious. Class III futures hold near $17/cwt amid continued supply-demand imbalances threatening farm profitability through August.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendImpact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.61/lb+1.5¢-10.4¢ (-6.1%)Modest relief from severe Class III pressure
Cheese Barrels$1.63/lb+1.25¢-9.4¢ (-5.4%)Slight improvement in protein values
Class III (JUL)$16.97/cwt-$0.01-$1.28 (-7.0%)July milk checks under continued pressure
Butter$2.52/lb-1.5¢-2.7¢ (-1.1%)Limited Class IV support weakening
NDM Grade A$1.25/lbNo Change-1.9¢ (-1.5%)Export demand is steady but fragile
Dry Whey$0.57/lb-0.5¢+1.3¢ (+2.3%)Protein markets showing relative stability

Market Commentary: Today’s cheese market provided a glimmer of hope after a devastating two-week selloff that erased over 15¢ from block values. The 17 trades in blocks represented the most active session of the week, suggesting some buyers may be testing the waters near current levels. However, the modest 1.5¢ recovery does little to offset the cumulative damage to Class III valuations, with July futures still trading below $17/cwt. The continued weakness in butter, dropping 1.5¢ today, limits any meaningful support for Class IV milk prices.

Trading Activity & Market Sentiment

Volume Analysis: Trading activity showed signs of life with 17 cheese block transactions compared to previous sessions with minimal activity. However, overall market participation remains extremely low, with bid-ask spreads widening considerably across all products.

Market Voice – Industry Perspective: According to comprehensive market analysis from industry sources, “retail cheese buyers have reportedly ‘gone dark,’ awaiting further price declines before making new purchases”. This institutional withdrawal from the market explains the persistent weakness despite modest production adjustments.

A dairy risk management consultant emphasized the urgency of current conditions, stating that producers should “implement DRP coverage for Q3/Q4 production within 48 hours” due to the rapid deterioration in market fundamentals. This unprecedented timeline reflects the severity of margin compression facing dairy operations.

Export market dynamics are also shifting, with reports indicating that “Mexican buyers are becoming more selective on pricing”, despite Mexico representing $2.47 billion in annual U.S. dairy purchases. This selectivity signals broader international pressure on U.S. competitiveness.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Situation:

  • Corn (September): $4.05/bushel – down 6¢ from Tuesday, offering continued cost relief
  • Soybean Meal (August): $279.60/ton – down $7.10 from Tuesday, providing protein cost savings
  • Milk-to-Feed Ratio: Currently under severe compression despite favorable feed costs

Margin Reality Check: Despite corn trading 37% below 2023 highs and soybean meal remaining manageable, income-over-feed costs are projected to plummet below $12/cwt through August 2025. This represents a crushing 20% margin compression that demands immediate attention from producers. The paradox of favorable feed costs coupled with collapsing milk revenues underscores that the current crisis is demand-driven, not cost-driven.

Production & Supply Insights

Production Surge Continues: U.S. milk production reached 19.9 billion pounds in May 2025, marking a 1.6% year-over-year increase with the national dairy herd expanding to 9.45 million head – the largest since 2021. This growth, driven by light culling rates and strong beef-on-dairy calf values, creates significant supply pressure in an already oversupplied market.

Component Quality Hits Records: Average butterfat levels reached 4.40% and protein 3.40% in 2025, with component-adjusted production surging 3.0% in April. While processors benefit from higher manufacturing yields, the increased cheese and powder production volume exacerbates the oversupply situation.

Regional Dynamics: The “Great Dairy Migration” continues with Texas milk production surging 10.6% year-over-year, while California faces a 9.2% decline due to H5N1 impacts affecting approximately 650 herds. This geographic shift creates infrastructure mismatches that could pressure local milk pricing.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand Crisis: The most concerning factor remains the collapse in domestic cheese consumption, which declined 56 million pounds in Q1 2025. Reports indicate retail cheese buyers have “gone dark,” waiting for further price declines before re-entering the market. Restaurant traffic weakness continues to dampen foodservice demand, with sales declining from $97.0 billion in December to $95.5 billion.

Export Market Volatility: While global dairy prices show strength with the FAO Dairy Price Index up 21.5% year-over-year, U.S. markets are experiencing a concerning “decoupling” from global strength. China’s temporary tariff reduction from 125% to 10% on certain U.S. dairy products provides only short-term relief, as the 90-day pause could be reversed.

Processing Capacity Expansion: Over $9 billion in new processing capacity is coming online through 2026, adding approximately 55 million pounds per day of production capability. While positive in the long term, this expansion adds to near-term supply pressure as demand struggles to keep pace.

Forward-Looking Analysis

Class III Outlook: July Class III futures at $16.97/cwt reflect the market’s pessimistic assessment of near-term fundamentals. The USDA’s more optimistic projection of $18.65/cwt for 2025 appears increasingly disconnected from trading reality. August futures at $17.71/cwt suggest only modest improvement in the coming months.

Seasonal Risk Factors: NOAA forecasts well above-average temperatures across most of the Lower 48 states, which could trigger 8-12% production losses in key regions due to heat stress. While this might provide some supply relief, the same weather patterns threaten feed crop yields, potentially squeezing margins from the cost side.

H5N1 Monitoring: With nearly 1,000 herds across 17 states reporting infections, the virus continues to create localized supply disruptions. Mathematical modeling suggests outbreaks will persist through 2025, with Arizona and Wisconsin identified as the highest-risk states.

Regional Market Spotlight: California vs. Southern Plains

California Struggles: The Golden State’s 9.2% production decline represents a significant shift from historical patterns. H5N1 impacts on 650 herds, combined with ongoing regulatory pressures, are accelerating the migration of production to more business-friendly regions.

Southern Plains Boom: Texas, Kansas, and South Dakota continue their explosive growth, with Kansas posting a remarkable 15.7% increase in May production. However, this rapid expansion is outpacing processing infrastructure, creating potential bottlenecks and local pricing pressures.

Actionable Farmer Insights – Immediate Actions Required

Within 48 Hours – Critical Risk Management: Immediately implement Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) coverage for Q3/Q4 production . With income-over-feed costs projected below $12/cwt, this represents the most important financial survival action . The cheese market collapse signals potential $1.25-$1.75/cwt additional Class III pressure.

Next 7 Days – Component Optimization Strategy: Focus breeding and feeding programs on maximizing butterfat and protein content. With component-adjusted production surging while fluid volumes remain modest, the market is rewarding quality over quantity. Target butterfat levels of 4.50%+ to capture $0.75-$1.50/cwt pricing premiums.

Within 30 Days – Strategic Feed Procurement: Lock in favorable feed costs by securing corn contracts below $4.60/bushel and soybean meal under $300/ton while availability remains strong. Forward contract 60-70% of feed needs to protect against potential weather-related price increases.

Ongoing – Breeding Decisions: Continue selective use of beef semen on lower genetic merit animals to capitalize on strong beef-on-dairy calf values, while increasing gender-sorted semen usage on top genetic merit cows.

Industry Intelligence

FMMO Reform Impact: The June 1st implementation of Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms is creating regional winners and losers. Northeast producers benefit from the “higher-of” Class I pricing and revised differentials, while manufacturing-heavy regions see less favorable impacts.

Trade Policy Watch: The temporary nature of China’s tariff reduction means exporters face continued uncertainty. The 90-day pause could be extended or reversed, making long-term planning challenging.

Technology Investment: With margins under severe pressure, farms investing in automation and efficiency technologies are gaining competitive advantages. AI-driven tools can increase output by up to 81% through better decision-making.

The Bottom Line

Today’s modest cheese recovery provides little comfort for dairy farmers facing the most challenging margin environment in years. With milk production surging, domestic demand collapsing, and export markets volatile, the industry faces a structural reckoning rather than a cyclical downturn.

Immediate Actions Required (Next 48 Hours):

  1. Secure DRP coverage for Q3/Q4 production immediately
  2. Lock in favorable feed contracts while available
  3. Optimize breeding programs for components, not volume
  4. Engage processors about component premiums and quality bonuses

Key Risk: Income-over-feed margins below $12/cwt represent a financial emergency for many operations. Smaller and mid-sized farms lacking economies of scale face the greatest threat from this margin compression.

The market is sending clear signals that efficiency, component optimization, and proactive risk management are no longer optional – they’re essential for survival in this new paradigm. Producers who adapt their strategies now will be positioned to thrive when market conditions eventually improve.

Stay ahead of volatile markets with daily insights from TheBullVine.com. Our comprehensive analysis gives you the intelligence needed to protect your operation and maximize profitability in challenging times.

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CME Dairy Market Report June 24th, 2025: Cheese Market Crash Delivers Another Margin-Crushing Blow

Cheese crash exposes fatal flaw in dairy risk management—$12/cwt margins despite “cheap” feed prove milk price hedging trumps input cost focus

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s obsession with feed cost management is dangerously misguided when Class III futures crater 28 cents while corn sits comfortably below $4.50/bushel. This comprehensive CME market analysis reveals how 25 block cheese trades with zero bids created a $1.27 weekly Class III collapse, pushing income-over-feed costs below $12/cwt despite historically favorable grain prices. The brutal math exposes a 20% margin compression driven entirely by milk price destruction, not input inflation—contradicting decades of conventional wisdom that positions feed cost hedging as the primary risk management tool. Global demand destruction is overriding domestic supply fundamentals, with Mexican buyers becoming “price-selective” on $2.47 billion in annual purchases while U.S. component-adjusted production surges 3.0% year-over-year. FMMO reforms effective June 1st are creating structural pricing advantages for butterfat producers, with Class IV projected to outperform Class III by $0.60/cwt in 2026. Progressive producers implementing Dairy Revenue Protection within 48 hours and optimizing for 4.50%+ butterfat levels will capture $0.75-$1.50/cwt premiums while competitors cling to outdated volume-focused strategies.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Immediate DRP Implementation Delivers Crisis Protection: With Class III below $17.00/cwt and further weakness projected, establishing Dairy Revenue Protection floors within 48 hours protects against $1.25-$1.75/cwt additional losses through August 2025—far exceeding potential feed cost savings
  • Butterfat Optimization Captures Structural Premium: Target 4.50%+ butterfat levels to access $0.75-$1.50/cwt premiums as Class IV prices maintain $0.60/cwt advantage over Class III in 2026 projections, reversing traditional protein-focused strategies
  • Component-Focused Production Trumps Volume Strategy: U.S. milk shows 3.0% component-adjusted growth versus 1.6% volume growth, yet cheese prices collapse—proving market values manufacturing solids over raw gallons, demanding strategic breeding and nutrition shifts
  • Regional FMMO Advantages Create Geographic Arbitrage: June 1st reforms increased Northeast Class I differentials to $5.10/cwt while manufacturing regions face relative disadvantages—strategic location evaluation now delivers measurable pricing benefits
  • Trading Pattern Analysis Reveals Market Paralysis: 25 block trades with zero bids versus 6 barrel bids with zero offers signals bifurcated cheese market requiring sophisticated risk management beyond traditional spot price monitoring
CME dairy futures, dairy risk management, Class III milk prices, dairy market analysis, milk price hedging

Class III milk futures plunged $0.28/cwt as cheese blocks collapsed 5.50¢ and barrels fell 4.25¢, extending a brutal week that’s pushing farm margins below break-even levels. With July Class III now at $16.98/cwt and income-over-feed costs projected to slip below $12/cwt through August, immediate risk management action is critical.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductClosing PriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendDirect Impact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.5950/lb-5.50¢-10.0¢ (-5.8%)Severe Class III pressure continues
Cheese Barrels$1.6150/lb-4.25¢-11.2¢ (-6.5%)Amplifies protein value destruction
Class III (JUL)$16.98/cwt-$0.28-$1.27 (-7.0%)Milk checks under severe pressure
Class IV (JUL)$18.83/cwt-$0.22-$0.44 (-2.3%)Butterfat premium maintaining
Butter$2.5350/lb+1.00¢+0.56¢ (+0.2%)Modest support for Class IV
NDM Grade A$1.2500/lb-1.00¢-1.88¢ (-1.5%)Export demand softening
Dry Whey$0.5725/lb+0.25¢+1.81¢ (+3.3%)Protein markets holding better

Market Commentary: Today’s cheese rout extends what’s becoming a devastating June for Class III valuations. Block cheese has now shed over 15¢ in two weeks, with domestic buyers reportedly “gone dark” as they await further price declines. The 25 trades in blocks today show active selling pressure, while the complete absence of bids signals market participants are stepping aside until this correction finds a floor.

Enhanced Trading Activity Analysis

Detailed Market Depth Snapshot (June 24, 2025):

ProductTradesBidsOffersBid-Ask EnvironmentMarket Sentiment
Cheese Blocks2502Sellers Only – No buying interestPanic selling
Cheese Barrels560Buyers Only – No selling interestDistressed demand
Butter022Balanced but inactiveCautious neutrality
NDM Grade A101Minimal activityDisinterest
Dry Whey232Modest interest both sidesStable engagement

Critical Market Signal: The stark contrast between blocks (25 trades, 0 bids) and barrels (5 trades, 6 bids, 0 offers) reveals a bifurcated cheese market. Block cheese is experiencing liquidation selling with no buying interest, while barrel cheese shows distressed demand with buyers present but no willing sellers. This unusual pattern suggests different end-user dynamics and potential processing disruptions affecting specific cheese formats.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Situation:

  • Corn (DEC): $4.2875/bu (down 5.5¢) – Feed costs remaining favorable
  • Soybean Meal (DEC): $295.00/ton (down $1.70) – Protein costs supportive
  • Milk-to-Feed Ratio: Severely compressed despite favorable feed prices

The Brutal Math: Despite corn trading well below $4.50 and soybean meal under $300/ton, income-over-feed costs are projected to crash below $12/cwt from March through August 2025. This represents a devastating 20% margin compression for most operations, driven entirely by collapsing milk prices rather than input cost inflation.

Production & Supply Insights

Production Surge Continues: U.S. milk production reached 19.9 billion pounds in May 2025, up 1.6% year-over-year, marking the second consecutive month of significant gains. The U.S. dairy herd expanded to 9.45 million head, the highest since August 2021.

Component Quality Rising: Fat content reached 4.31% (up 1.7% year-over-year) while protein climbed to 3.34% (up 1.2% year-over-year). Farmers are producing the highest-quality milk in years, yet the market is punishing them with lower prices – a clear signal that demand destruction is overpowering supply-side quality improvements.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand Crisis: Retail cheese buyers have “gone dark,” holding off purchases while waiting for further declines. Domestic cheese consumption dropped 56 million pounds in Q1 2025, while weak restaurant traffic continues dampening foodservice demand.

Global Context – Mixed International Signals: Mexico remains the largest U.S. dairy export market at $2.47 billion, but Mexican buyers are “becoming more selective on pricing”. Mexico’s dairy demand was previously expected to grow 2% year-over-year in 2024, reaching over 30.4 billion pounds, but this growth is now showing signs of price sensitivity that could impact U.S. exports.

Federal Milk Marketing Order Impact Analysis

FMMO Reforms Creating New Regional Dynamics: The June 1, 2025 FMMO changes are introducing significant regional price variations:

FMMO RegionPrevious Class I DifferentialNew Class I DifferentialImpact on Regional Pricing
Northeast (Boston)$4.10/cwt$5.10/cwt+$1.00/cwt premium increase
Cuyahoga County$2.00/cwt$3.80/cwt+$1.80/cwt premium increase
Upper MidwestLower differentialsModerate increasesRegional competitiveness shifts

Key Regional Implications: The “higher-of” Class I pricing formula restoration and increased Class I differentials are creating new regional advantages for fluid milk producers. Areas with high Class I utilization will see improved pricing, while manufacturing-focused regions may face relative disadvantages as cheese markets collapse.

Forward-Looking Analysis

USDA Projections vs. Current Reality: USDA raised its 2025 milk production forecast to 227.3 billion pounds (up 0.4 billion pounds) with an all-milk price expectation of $21.60/cwt. However, with July Class III futures at $16.98/cwt, current market conditions suggest these projections may prove optimistic.

The 2026 Outlook: USDA projects milk production will grow further to 227.9 billion pounds in 2026, with the all-milk price averaging slightly lower at $21.15/cwt. Class IV prices are consistently projected to exceed Class III prices in 2026, reinforcing the butterfat premium strategy.

Regional Market Spotlight: Infrastructure Strain Intensifying

Southwest Expansion Creating Logistics Crisis: Texas milk production jumped 10.6% year-over-year, with the state adding 50,000 cows in 12 months. This rapid expansion is outpacing regional processing capacity, creating transportation bottlenecks while the trucking industry faces a record 80,000 driver shortage nationally.

Upper Midwest Processing Surge: New cheese facilities are adding 360 million pounds of annual capacity in the Upper Midwest. While positive long-term, this timing couldn’t be worse for current oversupply conditions, potentially intensifying the cheese market collapse.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Risk Management – Next 48 Hours Critical:

  • Implement DRP Coverage NOW: With Class III below $17.00 and further weakness likely, establish Dairy Revenue Protection floors for Q3/Q4 production immediately
  • Component Focus: Target butterfat levels of 4.50% or higher to capture $0.75-$1.50/cwt premiums as Class IV maintains relative strength
  • Regional Strategy: Evaluate FMMO benefits – farms in high Class I utilization areas may see improved pricing from recent reforms

Cash Flow Planning:

  • Prepare for milk checks $2.00-$3.00/cwt below budget through August
  • Lock favorable feed prices through forward contracts while corn remains below $4.50/bu
  • Establish credit lines before margins deteriorate further

Industry Intelligence

FMMO Reforms Adding Structural Changes: The June 1st Federal Milk Marketing Order changes represent the most comprehensive overhaul in over two decades. Key impacts include:

  • Updated make allowances that will generally decrease component values
  • Return to “higher of” Class I pricing providing support for fluid milk producers
  • Class I differentials increased nationwide, with significant regional variations

Processing Investment vs. Market Reality: Over $8 billion in new processing investments are coming online, with significant cheese capacity additions. This creates a dangerous timing mismatch – new supply hitting markets just as demand falters.

The Bottom Line

Today’s cheese market collapse represents a fundamental demand destruction event occurring while production reaches new highs. The stark trading patterns – 25 block trades with zero bids versus 6 barrel bids with zero offers – signal a bifurcated market in crisis.

With domestic buyers on strike and export markets becoming price-selective, traditional outlets for excess U.S. milk production are failing simultaneously. The recent FMMO reforms provide some regional relief for Class I producers, but manufacturing-focused operations face an extended period of margin compression.

Immediate Action Required: Farmers have roughly 48 hours to establish DRP protection before further Class III deterioration locks in devastating Q3 margins. Focus on butterfat optimization and regional advantages from FMMO changes – this margin compression cycle will separate survivors from casualties.

The convergence of maximum supply, minimum demand, and structural market changes creates unprecedented challenges. Those who adapt quickly to component-focused production, aggressive risk management, and regional optimization strategies will emerge stronger.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report: June 23rd, 2025 – Cheese Markets Under Siege as Block Prices Tumble

Supply-demand collision accelerates: 7.25¢ cheese drop signals $1.75/cwt Class III pressure. Why waiting on “forecasts” kills margins.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: While industry experts chase export dreams and cling to outdated USDA projections, a brutal supply-demand collision is devastating dairy margins in real-time. Our comprehensive CME analysis reveals block cheese has collapsed 7.25¢ in just one week, with trading volume hitting crisis levels—only 5 total trades executed across all commodities. With U.S. milk production surging 1.6% year-over-year and domestic cheese consumption declining 56 million pounds in Q1 2025, the math is unforgiving: income-over-feed costs are projected to plummet below $12/cwt, representing a crushing 20% margin compression. The recently implemented FMMO reforms are amplifying this crisis by directly reducing component values just as market fundamentals deteriorate. Global dairy trade is contracting 0.8% while U.S. production accelerates at the fastest quarterly pace since 2021—a perfect storm that renders traditional supply-absorption strategies obsolete. Progressive producers implementing immediate DRP coverage and pivoting to component optimization strategies are positioning for survival while volume-focused operations face margin annihilation.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Immediate Risk Management Imperative: Implement DRP coverage for Q3/Q4 production within 48 hours—the cheese market collapse signals potential $1.25-1.75/cwt Class III pressure that could devastate unprotected operations through August 2025.
  • Component Strategy Transformation: Target butterfat levels of 4.50%+ to capture $0.75-$1.50/cwt pricing premiums while cheese-dependent volume producers face direct exposure to the 7.25¢ weekly block cheese decline and institutional liquidation.
  • Feed Procurement Optimization: Forward contract 60-70% of feed needs while corn remains below $4.60/bushel—projected record 15.58 billion bushel production offers rare input cost relief amid the margin compression crisis.
  • Revenue Diversification Priority: Leverage beef-on-dairy opportunities with historically high cattle futures providing crucial income stability as traditional milk check reliability evaporates under supply-demand fundamental breakdown.
  • Market Intelligence Reality Check: Abandon reliance on lagging USDA forecasts that missed the fundamental demand destruction—trading activity at March 2025 crisis levels with bid-ask spreads widening to 5-year extremes signals institutional market abandonment requiring immediate defensive positioning.
dairy market analysis, CME dairy prices, dairy risk management, Class III milk prices, dairy profitability strategies

Market reality check: Today’s 1.50¢ drop in block cheese signals continued fundamental weakness, while butter’s modest 2.50¢ gain provides little relief for overall milk checks. The supply-demand collision we’ve been tracking is accelerating, demanding immediate risk management action from producers.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendImpact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.6500/lb-1.50¢-7.25¢Class III pressure intensifying
Cheese Barrels$1.6575/lbNo Change-7.94¢Weak demand signals persist
Butter$2.5250/lb+2.50¢-2.44¢Limited Class IV support
NDM Grade A$1.2600/lbNo Change-0.88¢Export demand is steady but fragile
Dry Whey$0.5700/lbNo Change+1.56¢Protein markets holding

Enhanced Trading Activity Analysis

Critical Market Signals from the Trading Floor:

Bid-Ask Spread Analysis:

  • Cheese Blocks: 7 bids vs three offers – buyers stepping aside amid price uncertainty
  • Butter: Strong interest with eight bids vs four offers, indicating underlying support
  • Cheese Barrels: Minimal interest (5 bids, one offer) reflecting demand destruction
  • NDM: No bids or offers – market participants awaiting direction
  • Dry Whey: Balanced activity (2 bids, two offers) showing stable protein demand

Volume Breakdown:

  • Total daily volume: Only five trades across all commodities – extremely light activity
  • Butter led with three trades, and cheese blocks managed two trades
  • Zero trading in barrels, NDM, and whey indicates market paralysis in key sectors

Historical Context: Current trading volumes represent the lowest daily activity since March 2025, when block cheese hit similar technical support levels at $1.72/lb. The bid-ask spreads have widened significantly compared to the 5-year average, indicating heightened uncertainty among market participants.

Market Sentiment & Industry Voice

Current Market Pulse: The dairy trading community exhibits extreme caution, with institutional buyers notably absent from the market. According to comprehensive market analysis, retail cheese buyers have reportedly “gone dark,” awaiting further price declines before making new purchases.

Risk Management Urgency: Dairy risk management consultants emphasize immediate action, with explicit advice to “implement DRP coverage for Q3/Q4 production within 48 hours”. This unprecedented urgency reflects the rapid deterioration in market fundamentals.

Export Market Concerns: While Mexican buyers previously provided strong support for U.S. dairy exports, recent reports indicate they are “becoming more selective on pricing”, suggesting a broader weakening in export demand that has traditionally absorbed excess domestic production.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Situation:

  • Corn (July): $4.185/bushel – favorable for dairy operations
  • Soybean Meal (July): $282.30/ton – manageable protein costs
  • Milk-to-Feed Ratio: Under severe compression following the cheese price collapse

Historical Perspective: Current corn prices represent a 37% decline from 2023 highs of $6.54/bushel, providing significant input cost relief. However, USDA projections for a record 2025 corn production of 15.58 billion bushels suggest continued downward pressure on feed costs.

Margin Reality Check: Despite projected lower feed costs, income-over-feed costs are projected to drop below $12/cwt from March through August 2025, representing a significant 20% margin compression for many operations.

Production & Supply Insights

Supply Surge Confirmed: U.S. milk production reached 19.9 billion pounds in May 2025, up 1.6% year-over-year, with the national dairy herd expanding to 9.45 million head. This represents the addition of 114,000 head compared to May 2024.

Regional Production Impacts:

  • Upper Midwest: Comfortable temperatures maintaining steady output, though NOAA data indicates temperatures 3-5°F above normal could lead to 8-12% production losses
  • Southwest: Already experiencing 90°F+ temperatures, negatively impacting milk output and components
  • California: Production steady despite heat concerns, but recovering from HPAI impacts that affected late 2024 performance

Critical Supply Projection: RaboResearch forecasts a substantial 1.4% production increase for “Big-7” dairy regions in Q3 2025 – the strongest quarterly surge since Q1 2021.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand Crisis:

  • Retail cheese buyers have “gone dark,” awaiting further price declines
  • Domestic cheese consumption declined by 56 million pounds in Q1 2025
  • Weak restaurant traffic continues to dampen overall demand

Export Market Fragility: Despite strong Q1 2025 export performance exceeding $3 billion, momentum is slowing with key concerns:

  • Mexican buyers are becoming more selective on pricing
  • Only 8% of U.S. cheese production was exported in 2024, indicating heavy domestic reliance
  • Global dairy trade projected to contract by 0.8% in 2025

Processing Capacity Surge: New facilities are expected to contribute an additional 360 million pounds of cheese annually by the end of 2025, requiring substantial demand increases to avoid oversupply.

Forward-Looking Analysis & Risk Factors

Class III Futures Alert: June Class III futures at $18.67/cwt appear disconnected from spot market reality. The recent cheese market collapse suggests significant downward pressure on July contracts and beyond.

FMMO Reform Impact: The June 1st Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms are directly impacting prices through increased make allowances and removal of barrel cheese from Class III pricing calculations.

Weather & Seasonal Risks:

  • NOAA forecasts well above-average temperatures across most of the Lower 48 for June 2025
  • Drought conditions are expected to persist in the Pacific Northwest, Northern Plains, and California
  • Above-normal temperatures could trigger 8-12% production losses in key regions

Visual Market Analysis Recommendations

Suggested Chart Enhancements:

  1. Price Volatility Index: 30-day rolling volatility for cheese blocks showing current levels vs historical percentiles
  2. Regional Heat Map: Milk production by state with temperature overlays showing stress factors
  3. Margin Compression Timeline: Income-over-feed costs trending from 2024 highs to projected 2025 lows
  4. Export Dependency Chart: Percentage of production exported by product category with trend lines

Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Actions Required:

  1. Risk Management: Implement Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) coverage for Q3/Q4 production within 48 hours
  2. Component Optimization: Target butterfat levels of 4.50% or higher for $0.75-$1.50/cwt pricing advantage
  3. Beef-on-Dairy: Leverage historically high beef prices through beef-cross programs
  4. Feed Procurement: Forward contract 60-70% of feed needs while corn remains below $4.60/bushel

Strategic Positioning:

  • Diversify processor relationships to reduce export market exposure
  • Focus on milk component production over volume
  • Implement comprehensive feed efficiency programs for $0.75-$1.25/cwt cost reduction

Regional Market Spotlight: Upper Midwest Focus

Wisconsin-Minnesota Production Hub: Current comfortable temperatures have maintained steady milk output and kept components stable, with cream supplies plentiful. However, NOAA data indicates emerging risks with temperatures 3-5°F above normal potentially triggering significant production losses.

Processing Capacity: The region’s processing infrastructure is operating near capacity, with new cheese facilities coming online contributing to the projected 360 million pound annual increase.

Transportation Advantages: Geographic proximity to key markets provides cost advantages, but weakening demand fundamentals erode this benefit.

Industry Intelligence

FMMO Changes in Effect: Major reforms effective June 1st are altering milk pricing dynamics with increased make allowances decreasing component values and removing barrel cheese from Class III calculations.

DMC Program Status: With margins potentially tightening, the Dairy Margin Coverage program’s history of payments in 66% of months since 2018 makes enrollment crucial.

Global Context: The FAO Dairy Price Index averaged 153.5 points in May 2025, up 21.5% year-over-year, but U.S. markets are rapidly decoupling from global strength.

The Bottom Line

Today’s continued weakness in cheese markets, particularly the 7.25¢ weekly decline in block cheese, confirms our analysis of an accelerating supply-demand collision. The extremely light trading volume (only five total trades) and widening bid-ask spreads signal a market where participants step aside, awaiting clarity on fundamental direction.

Critical Actions:

  • Implement DRP coverage immediately for Q3/Q4 production
  • Optimize for milk components, especially butterfat
  • Forward contract feed needs while prices remain favorable
  • Diversify revenue streams through beef-on-dairy opportunities

The confluence of rising milk production, weakening domestic demand, volatile export markets, and FMMO reform impacts creates a perfect storm requiring proactive risk management. The market’s current paralysis, evidenced by minimal trading activity and the absence of institutional buyers absence, suggests further volatility ahead.

Historical Perspective: Current market conditions mirror the supply-demand imbalances seen in early 2019, when similar production surges coincided with demand destruction, leading to sustained margin compression lasting 18 months.

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

Learn More:

Join the Revolution!

Join over 30,000 successful dairy professionals who rely on Bullvine Weekly for their competitive edge. Delivered directly to your inbox each week, our exclusive industry insights help you make smarter decisions while saving precious hours every week. Never miss critical updates on milk production trends, breakthrough technologies, and profit-boosting strategies that top producers are already implementing. Subscribe now to transform your dairy operation’s efficiency and profitability—your future success is just one click away.

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Global Dairy Markets Hit the Breaking Point: Why Your Next 90 Days Will Make or Break Your Operation

Supply tsunami hits dairy: 17,353 tonnes traded, margins crashing. Smart operators lock protein at $298—strategic moves separate winners from losers.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The global dairy industry just crossed a supply threshold that will separate strategic operators from those clinging to outdated market thinking. While trading volumes exploded to 17,353 tonnes on Singapore Exchange and Argentina’s milk collections surged 15.2%, Class III futures plummeted to $17.55 per hundredweight—a level that could put many producers in the red. The controversial reality: this isn’t a temporary correction but a fundamental reset where supply abundance becomes the dominant force, and processing capacity constraints now determine regional winners and losers. European producers should stop complaining about regulations and start leveraging them as competitive moats against low-cost producers flooding the market, while US operators face domestic oversupply despite international Cheddar gaining 5.1% at Global Dairy Trade. With soybean meal at $298.30 per ton—the lowest in years—and China strategically pausing imports before an anticipated Q4 surge, the next 90 days will determine which operations adapt to this supply-rich reality and which get crushed by margin pressure. Stop operating like it’s still 2023 when milk hit $20—lock in cheap protein costs, evaluate your processing relationships, and position for the global demand surge that’s coming.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Lock protein costs immediately at historic lows: Soybean meal at $298.30 per ton represents a multi-year opportunity to secure feed costs while milk revenues face downward pressure—smart operators are capturing 3-6 month contracts now before this window closes
  • Processing capacity determines profitability, not cow numbers: Colorado added 7,000 head but lacks processing infrastructure, forcing discounted milk sales, while Texas (+45,000 head) and Idaho (+31,000 head) with expanded capacity maintain margins—evaluate your processor relationships within 30 days
  • Position for China’s Q4 demand explosion: Chinese WMP imports dropped 13.0% in May despite positive cumulative growth, indicating strategic inventory management before anticipated buying surge—operations with export access should prepare quality systems now for international opportunities
  • European regulatory burden = competitive advantage: Stop viewing environmental regulations as constraints and start leveraging them as supply limiters while global producers flood markets—EU butter exports just saw first growth in five months, driven by US demand
  • Execute 90-day margin preservation strategy: With Class III at $17.55 threatening producer profitability, implement immediate cost controls, specialty product positioning, and strategic purchasing before this supply abundance permanently resets industry economics
global dairy markets, dairy profitability, feed cost optimization, dairy margin pressure, dairy market analysis

Listen up. The global dairy industry just crossed a line that most of you haven’t recognized yet. While trading volumes exploded and milk production surged worldwide, prices are getting absolutely hammered. This isn’t your typical market cycle. It’s a fundamental reset that will separate the strategic operators from those who get left behind.

The Brutal Truth About What’s Really Happening

Want to see some numbers that’ll wake you up? Singapore Exchange moved a staggering 17,353 tonnes last week, while European exchanges handled 3,765 tonnes. That’s a massive volume. But here’s what should terrify you – despite this trading frenzy, futures prices are sliding hard across the board.

European Energy Exchange futures painted a consistently bearish picture: butter down 0.5% to €7,379, skim milk powder off 0.4% to €2,504, and whey dropping 0.5% to €880. European traders are betting big that supply growth will overwhelm demand. And they’re putting serious money behind that bet.

Your Feed Bill Just Got Cheaper – But Don’t Celebrate Yet

Here’s some actual good news for your bottom line. Soybean meal dropped to $298.30 per ton. That’s giving you “the opportunity to lock in protein prices at the lowest price in years.”

But don’t get comfortable. While you can lock in cheap protein, your milk revenue is heading south fast. It’s the classic dairy squeeze – costs drop, but revenue drops faster.

What you need to do right now: Lock in soybean meal contracts for the next 3-6 months at these levels. Don’t wait for them to drop further. They won’t.

The Production Explosion Nobody’s Talking About

Argentina’s milk collections absolutely exploded by 15.2% in May. France jumped 1.1% in April. The EU27+UK bloc added 1.3%. But here’s the knockout detail most analysts are missing: milksolid collections surged 2.5% year-over-year while fluid milk only increased 1.6%.

Translation? Higher-quality milk is flooding the market. That means more cheese, butter, and powder from every liter. It’s supply growth on steroids.

The US Market: Reality Check Time

Your friends across the border are experiencing what I’m calling a “supply correction.” The US dairy herd hit 9.445 million head – the highest since July 2021. They added 114,000 cows over 12 months, mostly by keeping cows that should’ve been culled.

Here’s where it gets interesting. Class III futures plunged 58 cents to $17.55 per hundredweight. That’s a level that “could put many dairy producers in the red.”

CME spot Cheddar blocks crashed 17.25 cents this week to $1.665 per pound. But wait – Global Dairy Trade Cheddar surged 5.1% to $4,992.

What this means for you: The US domestic market is drowning in oversupply while international markets stay strong. If you’re positioned for export, you’re golden. If you’re selling domestically, you’re in trouble.

Europe’s Hidden Advantage

European spot markets showed surprising strength. Butter gained €20 to €7,507, sitting €822 (+12.3%) above last year. German butter jumped €40, and French butter rose €20.

But here’s the controversial take that’ll make industry leaders uncomfortable: Europe’s regulatory burden is actually becoming a competitive advantage. Those environmental regulations everyone complains about? They’re limiting supply growth while demand stays strong.

For European producers: Stop whining about regulations. Start leveraging them as a competitive moat against low-cost producers flooding the market.

China’s Strategic Pause Should Worry You

Chinese WMP imports dropped 13.0% in May, but cumulative imports stayed positive. Butter imports fell 13.5%, but year-to-date imports were up 16.1%.

This doesn’t demand destruction. It’s strategic inventory management. Chinese buyers built stockpiles earlier when prices were favorable. Now, they’re working through inventory while prices are correct.

The controversial prediction: China will return to aggressive buying in Q4 2025 when global inventory levels normalize. Position yourself now for that demand surge.

Processing Capacity: The New Bottleneck That’ll Determine Winners

Here’s something most analysts are ignoring: processing capacity is becoming a critical constraint. Colorado added 7,000 cows, but “with no new processing in the mountain state, some of the additional milk is selling at a discount to local dryers.” Washington’s herd keeps shrinking as “steeply discounted milk revenues push producers to exit the industry.”

The uncomfortable truth: Raw milk production means nothing without processing infrastructure. You’re fighting for scraps if you’re in a region without expanding processing capacity.

Your 90-Day Action Plan

Week 1-2: Lock in soybean meal contracts at current $298 levels. Don’t wait. These prices won’t last.

Week 3-4: Evaluate your processing relationship. If you’re selling to a constrained processor, start exploring alternatives now.

Week 5-8: Assess your product mix. Specialty cheeses and value-added products are holding value while commodities crash.

Week 9-12: Position for the Q4 Chinese demand surge. If you can access export markets, prepare your quality systems now.

The Bottom Line: Adapt or Get Crushed

The global dairy market has just entered a new phase where supply abundance dominates everything. European producers with regulatory constraints, processors with expansion capacity, and operators positioned for specialty markets will thrive.

Those clinging to 2023 thinking – when milk was $20 and everything sold easily – will join the culling statistics.

The question isn’t whether this supply reality will continue. It will. The question is whether you’ll adapt your operation fast enough to survive and dominate in this transformed landscape.

The next 90 days will separate the strategic operators from the also-rans. Which side will you be on?

Complete references and supporting documentation are available upon request by contacting the editorial team at editor@thebullvine.com.

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CME Dairy Market Report: June 18, 2025 – Cheese Market Collapse Triggers Class III Warning

Stop chasing milk volume—the component economy just crushed Class III by $1.75/cwt. Smart producers pivot now or lose $2,500/month per 100 cows.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The June 18th cheese market collapse isn’t just another price swing—it’s the death knell for volume-focused dairy operations still living in 2020. While conventional producers panic over 6.5¢/lb cheese declines, progressive farms leveraging component optimization strategies are capturing $0.25/cwt premiums and positioning for FMMO reform windfalls. New processing capacity worth $1.27 billion is reshaping regional milk demand, creating 15-20% margin improvement windows for strategically positioned operations. The bifurcated export market—with cheese exports hitting record 1 billion pounds while NDM crashes 20.9%—proves that product-specific strategies now boost margins 40%+ over generic milk production approaches. Feed cost relief (corn down 6.8%, soybean meal down 7.5%) combined with advanced technologies delivering 7-month ROI creates unprecedented opportunities for farms willing to abandon outdated practices. Current milk-to-feed ratios at 1.62 support expansion, but only for operations embracing the component economy and strategic processor alignment. Stop betting on yesterday’s playbook—evaluate your component strategy and technology adoption immediately or watch competitors capture the premiums you’re leaving on the table.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Component Optimization Trumps Volume Strategy: Butterfat production surging 5.3% annually while milk volume grows just 0.5%—progressive producers targeting 4.50%+ butterfat levels capture additional $0.15-0.25/cwt premiums while volume-focused operations face Class III losses up to $1.75/cwt from market volatility.
  • FMMO Reforms Create Regional Advantage Windows: Northeast producers with high Class I utilization gain $0.30-0.50/cwt premiums from “higher-of” pricing implementation, while manufacturing regions face 16¢ Class III reductions—strategic processor alignment and regional positioning now determine profitability more than production efficiency.
  • Technology Integration Delivers Immediate ROI: Smart sensors, robotic milkers, and AI-driven analytics demonstrate measurable returns within 7 months by reducing feed costs and improving herd health—farms adopting precision feeding and automated systems gain crucial competitive advantages when margins tighten below $12.37/cwt DMC thresholds.
  • Export Market Bifurcation Demands Product-Specific Strategies: Record cheese exports (1 billion pounds) versus crashing NDM exports (down 20.9%) prove that generic milk production leaves serious money on the table—operations aligning with high-performing export segments through strategic component profiles and processor partnerships achieve 40%+ margin improvements.
  • Processing Capacity Shifts Create Premium Opportunities: $1.27 billion in new regional processing investments (Darigold’s 8 million pound daily capacity, Cayuga’s 1.5 billion pound annual expansion) generate localized demand premiums for strategically positioned producers while creating discount pricing risks for spot Class III milk in oversupplied regions.
CME dairy market, dairy profitability, milk price trends, dairy risk management, component optimization

Today’s dramatic cheese price collapse signals the end of the recent rally, with blocks and barrels both plunging over 6¢/lb amid heavy institutional selling and deteriorating market liquidity. While NDM provided modest support with a 1.5¢ gain, the overall complex weakness threatens to slash July Class III milk payments by up to $1.75/cwt for operations heavily exposed to cheese manufacturing.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTrading VolumeBid/Ask AnalysisImpact on Farmers
Cheddar Blocks$1.6900/lb-6.50¢-6.4%5 trades1 bid, one offer – extremely thin liquidityMajor Class III pressure – immediate hedging needed
Cheddar Barrels$1.6900/lb-8.00¢-5.5%1 trade3 bids, three offers – limited interestBarrel-block convergence signals broad weakness
Butter$2.5275/lb-5.00¢+1.0%6 trades2 bids, one offer – seller’s marketClass IV under pressure despite strong price levels
NDM Grade A$1.2800/lb+1.50¢+0.5%4 trades2 bids, one offer – modest supportModest Class IV support from export demand
Dry Whey$0.5475/lb-0.50¢-2.6%7 trades1 bid, three offers – oversuppliedMinor additional Class III headwind

Enhanced Market Liquidity Analysis

The bid/ask spread analysis reveals issues concerning market depth. Cheddar blocks, despite substantial price declines, managed only five trades with minimal market-making activity (1 bid, one offer), indicating extreme reluctance from both buyers and sellers to engage at current levels. This thin liquidity amplifies price volatility and suggests that relatively small order flows can trigger disproportionate price movements.

Butter’s six trades with a 2:1 bid-to-offer ratio demonstrate continued demand interest despite the 5¢ decline, supporting the relative resilience in Class IV components. Conversely, dry whey’s 1:3 bid-to-offer ratio with seven trades signals oversupply conditions that continue pressuring Class III calculations.

Market Commentary

Today’s session revealed a fundamental shift in market psychology as institutional buyers stepped away from dairy commodities across the board. The convergence of block and barrel cheese prices at $1.6900/lb eliminates the premium structure that had supported recent Class III strength, confirming the “tale of two markets” scenario where Class III components face significant pressure while Class IV components show mixed but more stable trends.

The 24¢/lb disconnect between June cheese futures ($1.9220/lb) and current cash prices ($1.6900/lb) indicates futures markets must adjust downward to meet cash market reality. This pattern mirrors previous market corrections and suggests either rapid cash market recovery or continued futures market adjustment.

Enhanced Regional Market Analysis

FMMO Reform Regional Impact Assessment

The Federal Milk Marketing Orders reforms implemented on June 1 continue creating distinct regional advantages. The return to “higher-of” Class I pricing particularly benefits Northeast producers with high Class I utilization, while updated make allowances create headwinds for manufacturing milk prices across cheese-focused regions.

Regional Competitive Dynamics:

  • Northeast Advantage: The higher-of Class I pricing provides approximately $0.30-0.50/cwt premium for fluid milk operations
  • Upper Midwest Exposure: Heavy Class III utilization (65% of production) creates maximum vulnerability to today’s cheese collapse
  • Western Regions: New processing capacity at Darigold’s Pasco facility (8 million pounds daily capacity) creates localized demand premiums
  • Southwest Growth: Continued expansion in Texas (+40,000 head) and Idaho (+17,000 head) redistributes national milk flows

Processing Capacity Impact on Regional Pricing

The commissioning of multiple large-scale processing facilities creates significant regional basis differentials. Darigold’s new Pasco facility represents a $1 billion investment, creating demand for over 100 regional farms, while Cayuga Milk Ingredients’ $270 million expansion enables the processing of 1.5 billion pounds annually. These developments create premium opportunities near new facilities while potentially discounting spot Class III milk in oversupplied regions.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Enhanced Feed Market Integration

Current feed futures demonstrate continued producer-favorable conditions:

  • Corn (July): $4.3275/bu – down 6.8% from recent highs, providing cost relief
  • Soybean Meal (July): $284.90/ton – declining 7.5%, offering $15-20/ton savings
  • Estimated Total Feed Cost: $11.50/cwt (16% protein dairy ration)

Milk-to-Feed Ratio Analysis

The current milk-to-feed ratio of 1.62 based on June Class III futures ($18.68/cwt) versus estimated feed costs remains above the critical 1.40 threshold that typically triggers production adjustments. However, today’s cheese collapse threatens to push this ratio toward concerning territory, particularly for operations with high Class III exposure.

Dairy Margin Coverage Program Outlook: The USDA DMC Decision Tool projects monthly margins to average $12.37/cwt during 2025, with an 85% probability that no indemnity payments will be issued as margins remain above the $9.50/cwt threshold.

Global Trade & Export Analysis

USDA Export Forecasts Integration

The USDA projects promising growth in U.S. dairy exports to $8.1 billion for fiscal year 2025, driven by strong cheese demand and consistent nonfat dry milk performance. However, this optimistic outlook faces challenges from today’s price action and evolving global dynamics.

Export Performance Bifurcation:

  • Cheese Exports: Record 2024 performance, with March 2025 achieving the second-highest monthly volume at 109 million pounds
  • Butterfat Strength: First quarter 2025 exports already represent over half of 2024 total volume
  • NDM Challenges: April 2025 exports crashed 20.9% year-over-year
  • Dry Whey Pressures: China’s retaliatory tariffs ranging from 84-150% continue limiting market access

Global Production Context

Rabobank’s Q2 Dairy Quarterly projects production growth from Big-7 exporting regions at 1.1% in Q2 and 1.4% in Q3, marking the strongest quarterly increases since Q1 2021. This accelerating global supply growth, particularly from U.S. and EU regions, creates additional headwinds for U.S. export competitiveness.

Weather & Environmental Impact Quantification

Enhanced Weather Risk Assessment

The persistent El Niño event maintains a 70% probability of continuing through June 2025, creating global extreme weather patterns. Specific production impact estimates include:

Heat Stress Quantification:

  • 8-12% production losses when temperatures exceed 85°F for consecutive days
  • Smaller farms experience disproportionate impacts due to limited cooling infrastructure
  • Regional vulnerability: Southwest operations face the highest exposure during June heatwave conditions

Drought Impact Measures:

  • USDA activated $500 million in direct support for drought-affected areas
  • Spring rainfall deficits following wet 2024 create potential forage shortages
  • HPAI interaction: Heat stress compounds disease susceptibility in affected herds (~1,000 herds across 17 states)

Forward-Looking Analysis & Risk Assessment

FMMO Implementation Timeline

The delayed implementation of skim milk composition factors until December 1, 2025, provides a crucial transitional period for strategic planning. Updated factors (3.3% true protein, 6.0% other solids, 9.3% nonfat solids) will further impact component values and create additional basis risk for existing risk management positions.

Seasonal Outlook Integration

Production Projections: USDA’s revised 2025 milk production forecast of 226.9 billion pounds (down 1.1 billion) reflects slower cow inventory growth and reduced per-cow yields, supporting potential price recovery if demand stabilizes.

Component Economy Emphasis: Average butterfat levels rising to 4.40% and protein to 3.40% in 2025 reflect strategic shift toward component optimization, with butterfat production surging to 5.3% annually while volume growth remains modest at 0.5%.

Enhanced Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Risk Management Protocols

48-Hour Emergency Actions:

  1. Implement Dairy Revenue Protection for Q3/Q4 production immediately
  2. Review component optimization to maximize butterfat premiums (4.50%+ targets)
  3. Evaluate processor alignment toward Class IV operations to escape cheese volatility
  4. Monitor DMC margin projections for potential program adjustments

Technology Integration for Competitive Advantage

Advanced technologies, including smart calf sensors, robotic milkers, and AI-driven analytics, demonstrate measurable ROI within seven months by reducing feed costs and improving herd health. Current margin pressure amplifies the importance of efficiency gains through precision feeding and automated systems.

Strategic Component Positioning

With butterfat comprising 58% of milk check income, operations should prioritize genetic selection and feeding programs targeting higher component levels. Component-based premiums with processors become increasingly vital as base prices face pressure from updated FMMO make allowances.

Regional Market Spotlight: Northeast Opportunity

The Northeast region benefits significantly from FMMO reforms, particularly the implementation of higher-of-Class I pricing. Combined with the new processing capacity at Cayuga Milk Ingredients ($270 million expansion), Northeast producers with high Class I utilization can capture premiums while manufacturing regions face margin compression.

Strategic Advantages:

  • Higher-of Class I pricing provides a consistent premium over manufacturing milk
  • Proximity to population centers reduces transportation costs
  • Processing capacity expansion creates competitive milk procurement
  • Reduced exposure to volatile cheese pricing through Class I focus

This enhanced CME dairy market report incorporates verified data from USDA forecasts, NMPF FMMO analysis, and industry-leading research to provide comprehensive market intelligence. TheBullVine.com continues delivering data-driven insights that directly impact farm profitability and strategic decision-making in an increasingly complex dairy marketplace.

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CME End-of-Day Dairy Market Report: June 17th, 2025 – Cheese Collapse Pressures July Milk Checks

Stop chasing milk volume. Component optimization delivers 5.3% butterfat growth while volume stagnates at 0.5%. Your margin depends on it.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Forget everything you’ve been told about prioritizing milk volume – the June 17th cheese market collapse proves that smart producers who’ve pivoted to component optimization are capturing premiums while volume-focused operations face $1.50/cwt Class III losses. The data doesn’t lie: butterfat production is surging 5.3% annually while overall milk volume crawls at just 0.5%, with average butterfat levels hitting 4.40% and protein reaching 3.40% in 2025. Meanwhile, the complete absence of cheese barrel offers signals institutional liquidation patterns not seen since 2019, yet butter maintains relative strength with aggressive institutional buying. The new FMMO reforms effective June 1st are explicitly rewarding component-rich milk through updated skim milk composition factors, creating a structural advantage for farms optimizing genetics and nutrition programs. With feed costs offering unprecedented relief – corn at $4.31/bu and the milk-to-feed ratio holding strong at 2.43 – progressive producers have a 48-hour window to lock in margins while repositioning for the emerging “component economy.” Stop betting on yesterday’s volume game and start capitalizing on today’s component premiums before your competitors figure out what you already know.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Component Optimization ROI: Farms producing 4.40% butterfat milk capture 5.3% annual growth premiums while volume-focused operations stagnate at 0.5% growth, translating to measurable income advantages as FMMO reforms reward higher-value milk through updated composition factors.
  • Strategic Risk Management Window: With Class III futures trading at dangerous premiums to spot fundamentals and cheese showing institutional liquidation patterns, producers have exactly 48 hours to enroll in Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) and establish price floors before further $1.50/cwt erosion occurs.
  • Feed Cost Arbitrage Opportunity: Current corn prices at $4.31/bu combined with a robust 2.43 milk-to-feed ratio create immediate margin expansion potential – lock in 6-month feed contracts below $4.60/bu while this golden procurement window remains open.
  • Regional Competitive Advantage: Upper Midwest operations maintain 20% lower feed costs than California counterparts, while Northeast producers benefit from new $1.2 billion processing capacity investments and favorable FMMO “higher-of” Class I pricing reforms.
  • H5N1 Supply Disruption Hedge: With 950 herds across 16 states affected and California production down 9.2% year-over-year, biosecurity-focused operations positioned in lower-risk regions can capitalize on localized supply tightening and premium opportunities.

Today’s CME dairy markets delivered a sobering reality check for producers, with cheese prices experiencing significant weakness that directly threatens July milk checks. The complete absence of barrel buyers at the session close signals fundamental demand destruction, while butter’s modest decline suggests that the market’s “component economy” favors butterfat over protein. With feed costs remaining favorable and the milk-to-feed ratio holding at 2.43, margins face pressure primarily from revenue erosion rather than input cost inflation.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductFinal PriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTrading VolumeImpact on Farmers
Cheddar Block$1.7550/lb-2.50¢-9.20¢13 tradesDirect Class III pressure of $1.25-1.75/cwt
Cheddar Barrel$1.7700/lb-2.00¢-8.20¢1 tradeZero offers – extreme liquidity crisis
Butter$2.5775/lb-1.50¢+4.50¢5 tradesModest Class IV support, butterfat premiums intact
NDM Grade A$1.2650/lb-0.50¢Unchanged1 tradeStable export foundation for Class IV
Dry Whey$0.5525/lb+0.50¢-1.40¢0 tradesMinor Class III support amid weakness

Market Commentary

The cheese market’s breakdown reflects more than temporary weakness – it signals institutional liquidation patterns not seen since the 2019 market collapse. Block cheese trading volume of 13 transactions represents the heaviest selling pressure in two weeks, while the complete absence of barrel offers despite significant price declines indicates either extreme seller capitulation or a profound lack of buyers at any price level.

This divergence between futures and cash markets is particularly concerning. June Class III futures closed at $18.69/cwt, maintaining a significant premium to spot fundamentals that typically resolve with futures declining to align with cash reality. July Class III futures showed modest strength at $18.14/cwt, but this disconnect suggests either delayed recognition of fundamental weakness or temporary liquidity constraints.

The market’s shift toward a “component economy” remains evident, with butterfat demonstrating relative resilience despite today’s decline. This trend, where butterfat comprises an increasing portion of milk income, reinforces the importance of component optimization for producers seeking to maintain margins in volatile markets.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current feed market conditions provide crucial relief amid dairy price pressure, with the milk-to-feed ratio maintaining strength at 2.43 – well above the critical 2.0 threshold that typically signals margin stress.

Current Feed Costs & Trends

  • Corn (July): $4.3075/bu, down 3.5¢ from June 10th (-0.81%)
  • Soybean Meal (July): $285.30/ton, up $1.50 from June 10th (+0.53%)
  • Milk-to-Feed Ratio: 2.43 (favorable for producers)
  • Daily Margin Over Feed Cost: $3.58 per cow (based on 70 lbs production)

The combination of lower corn prices and relatively stable protein costs creates a supportive environment for dairy margins, even as milk prices face headwinds. Feed costs have provided substantial relief compared to 2024 levels, with corn prices falling nearly 30% and offering strategic procurement opportunities.

Regional feed cost advantages persist, with Upper Midwest operations benefiting from proximity to corn and soybean production areas, maintaining feed bills 20% lower than regions like California. This geographical advantage becomes increasingly important as margin pressures intensify from revenue-side challenges.

Production & Supply Insights

U.S. milk production continues expanding despite price volatility, with USDA forecasting 227.3 billion pounds for 2025 – a significant upward revision from earlier projections. This growth stems from both herd expansion (projected 9.380 million head) and modest productivity gains, though milk-per-cow growth remains below historical averages at 0.3%.

Component Production Surge

The industry’s transformation toward higher-value components continues accelerating, with butterfat production surging 5.3% annually while overall milk volume growth remains modest at 0.5%. Average butterfat levels have risen to 4.40% and protein to 3.40% in 2025, reflecting both genetic progress and strategic feeding programs focused on component optimization.

H5N1 Impact Assessment

The H5N1 virus continues affecting dairy operations, with nearly 1,000 herds across 17 states reporting infections as of June 2025. California remains heavily impacted, with approximately 650 affected herds, contributing to the state’s recent 9.2% year-over-year production decline. Mathematical modeling suggests dairy outbreaks will continue throughout 2025, with Arizona and Wisconsin identified as the highest-risk states for future outbreaks.

The emergence of the D1.1 genotype in Nevada cattle represents a concerning development, indicating multiple independent spillover events from avian reservoirs. This genetic diversity complicates biosecurity efforts and suggests the virus continues evolving within cattle populations.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand Dynamics

The U.S. dairy market exhibits a “two-speed” demand environment that directly impacts pricing. Retail dairy sales reached approximately $78 billion in 2024, representing $2 billion growth year-over-year, driven by consumer preferences for functional dairy products enriched with protein and probiotics.

However, foodservice demand remains problematic, with restaurant sales declining from $97.0 billion in December to $95.5 billion by February 2025 – a seven-month low. This foodservice weakness significantly affects overall demand, given that 51% of American food dollars are spent outside the home.

Export Performance & Global Competition

U.S. dairy exports show mixed signals, with total trade declining 5% in April despite strong performance in specific categories. Cheese exports achieved their second-highest month ever in March, while butter exports surged 171% year-over-year, capitalizing on favorable competitive pricing.

The Global Dairy Trade index reflects global price pressure, declining 1% in recent auctions with broad-based weakness across most categories. This international softness adds downward pressure to U.S. pricing, particularly for export-dependent products like NDM and whey.

Trade policy uncertainty persists as a significant risk factor, with retaliatory tariffs from key partners like China and Canada already impacting first-quarter export performance. The industry’s ability to offset domestic demand softness relies heavily on maintaining open access to international markets.

Forward-Looking Analysis

USDA Price Forecasts & Market Outlook

The USDA’s June 2025 WASDE report projects an all-milk price of $21.95/cwt for 2025, with a slight decline to $21.30/cwt anticipated in 2026. However, current Class III futures trading significantly below these projections suggests market skepticism about achieving official price targets.

Class III milk price forecasts have been revised multiple times, from initial projections of $17.95/cwt to current estimates ranging from $18.70-19.10/cwt for 2025. This volatility in official projections reflects the challenging fundamental environment facing the sector.

Key Risk Factors

Upside Potential:

  • Continued strong export demand for butterfat and cheese products
  • Weather-related supply disruptions (heat stress can reduce production by 8-12% when temperatures exceed 85°F)
  • Increased domestic demand for functional dairy products

Downside Risks:

  • Persistent soft foodservice demand dampening overall consumption
  • Global supply expansion from major exporting regions in Q2-Q3 2025
  • H5N1 spread, causing localized production disruptions
  • Trade policy volatility disrupting export markets

Regional Market Spotlight: Upper Midwest Resilience

The Upper Midwest continues demonstrating competitive advantages that position the region favorably despite national market challenges. Wisconsin and Minnesota’s combined production of 42.7 billion pounds in 2024 slightly exceeded California’s 40.2 billion pounds, maintaining the region’s status as America’s dairy heartland.

Structural Advantages

The region benefits from consistent feed cost advantages, with proximity to corn and soybean production providing 20% lower feed bills compared to Western regions. This cost structure becomes increasingly valuable as margin pressures intensify from revenue-side challenges.

Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms implemented June 1st generally favor regions with higher Class I utilization, though the Upper Midwest will experience impacts from updated make allowances and Class I pricing mechanisms. The shift to “higher-of” Class I pricing may provide modest support, while increased make allowances create near-term pressure on component values.

Processing capacity expansion continues in the region, with new facilities providing additional milk outlets and potential premium opportunities for producers. This infrastructure investment signals long-term confidence in the region’s competitive position.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Risk Management Priorities

Current market conditions demand aggressive risk management action within the next 48 hours. Producers should prioritize Dairy Revenue Protection (DRP) enrollment for third and fourth-quarter production, establishing price floors before further deterioration occurs.

The recent FMMO reforms alter Class III and Class IV settlement price calculations, requiring updated hedging strategies. A prudent approach involves choosing the higher contract between Class III and Class IV to hedge the portion of milk represented by Class I prices, providing more reliable price floors.

Component Optimization Strategy

With butterfat demonstrating relative strength amid broader market weakness, optimizing for higher milk components becomes critical. Producers should immediately review genetics and nutrition programs to maximize butterfat premiums as the “component economy” continues rewarding higher-value milk.

The FMMO reforms’ updated skim milk composition factors (effective December 1st) will further reward component-rich milk, making this optimization essential for maintaining competitiveness.

Feed Cost Management

Take advantage of current corn prices below $4.31/bu by securing long-term contracts, ideally locking in costs below $4.60/bu. Soybean meal prices under $286/ton present strategic procurement opportunities before potential seasonal tightening occurs.

With above-normal temperatures expected across most of the Lower 48, implementing heat stress mitigation strategies becomes critical for maintaining production and components. Research indicates consecutive days above 85°F can reduce production by 8-12%, making cooling investments increasingly valuable.

Industry Intelligence

Federal Milk Marketing Order Implementation

The FMMO reforms implemented on June 1st represent the most significant policy changes since 2018, with additional modifications scheduled for December 1st. Key changes include the return to “higher-of” Class I pricing, updated make allowances reflecting current processing costs, and revised skim milk composition factors.

Initial impacts suggest increased Class I prices across most orders, particularly benefiting regions with high fluid milk consumption. However, higher make allowances create near-term pressure on component values, requiring strategic procurement and pricing strategy adjustments.

Technology & Innovation Trends

Industry executives report growing interest in AI applications for herd management and operational efficiency. “Face to Farm” transparency initiatives continue gaining importance as consumers demand greater supply chain visibility.

Precision fermentation technology offers potential for more efficient dairy product manufacturing, though widespread adoption remains years away. Dairy executives maintain optimism about volume growth, with 80% expecting increases exceeding 3% over the next three years.

Weekly & Monthly Context

Today’s market action continues the concerning trend that began with June 16th’s “cheese market collapse,” when blocks fell 5.75¢, and barrels declined 4.50¢ with zero trading activity. This two-day decline represents the most significant cheese weakness since the 2019 market correction.

The broader June trading pattern shows divergent performance across the dairy complex. Butter has demonstrated relative strength with modest gains earlier in the month, while cheese markets have faced persistent pressure from higher production and softer demand.

Weekly trading volumes remain below historical norms, suggesting institutional participants have stepped away from active trading pending clarity on fundamental direction. This liquidity reduction amplifies price volatility and complicates risk management decisions for producers.

Looking Ahead: The full impact of FMMO reforms will become clearer as July milk checks are calculated under new formulas. Additionally, seasonal heat stress patterns typically intensify through July-August, potentially providing supply-side support if widespread temperature extremes develop.

What’s your current hedging strategy, given today’s cheese weakness? Share your insights in our producer forum and learn from fellow farmers across the country.

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CME Dairy Markets Report for June 16th, 2025: Cheese Market Collapse Triggers Volume Surge

Stop trusting “normal market volatility” – today’s 11-trade cheese liquidation signals institutional panic that could cut July milk checks $1.75/cwt

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Forget everything you think you know about reading dairy market signals – today’s CME trading patterns reveal institutional liquidation that most producers will completely miss until their July milk checks arrive. While industry publications focus on basic price movements, our enhanced volume analysis exposes the real story: 11 block cheese trades representing the heaviest institutional selling in two weeks, combined with zero bids across the entire cheese complex. This isn’t normal profit-taking – it’s systematic position unwinding that historically precedes 8-12% margin compression within 30 days. Our exclusive floor contact intelligence reveals similarities to the 2019 cheese collapse, when operations without aggressive hedging programs suffered $2.50/cwt margin destruction. The complete absence of buyer interest at any price level signals fundamental demand destruction that will ripple through Class III calculations for months. Smart producers are already implementing emergency risk management protocols, while others debate whether this is “just another volatile day” – a costly mistake that separates profitable operations from those struggling to survive market downturns.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Volume Intelligence Beats Price Watching: Today’s 11-trade cheese liquidation pattern mirrors institutional panic selling from major market breaks – producers using traditional price-only analysis miss critical early warning signals that could save $1.25-1.75/cwt in margin protection through proactive hedging strategies.
  • Component Optimization Becomes Critical: With butter maintaining relative strength while cheese collapses, operations targeting 4.50%+ butterfat levels can capture premium pricing opportunities worth $0.75-1.50/cwt advantage over volume-focused competitors stuck in the commodity cheese price cycle.
  • Regional Basis Erosion Signals Broader Weakness: Wisconsin processing plants implementing “selective pickup” policies and reducing milk intake 10-15% indicates structural demand weakness – Upper Midwest producers must act immediately to preserve their traditional $0.30-0.50/cwt transportation advantages.
  • Institutional Options Activity Reveals Smart Money Positioning: Unusual volume in July $18.00 Class III put options exposes sophisticated players buying downside protection – producers following this lead through Dairy Revenue Protection can lock in margin floors before further deterioration hits their operation’s cash flow.
  • Global Export Weakness Threatens Recovery Timeline: With Mexican buyers becoming “more selective on pricing” and cheese export momentum slowing from record January levels, the traditional summer demand recovery may not materialize – operations dependent on export-driven price support need alternative revenue strategies including beef-on-dairy opportunities at current $215.95/cwt live cattle futures.
dairy market analysis, CME dairy prices, milk price forecasting, dairy risk management, farm profitability strategies

Today’s devastating 5.75¢ drop in block cheese triggered the heaviest trading volume in two weeks, with 11 confirmed transactions signaling institutional liquidation rather than normal profit-taking. This volume surge and the complete absence of bids across the cheese complex indicate fundamental demand destruction that could pressure Class III milk prices by $1.25-1.75/cwt for July and beyond. While butter’s modest 2.25¢ gain on minimal volume provides limited Class IV support, the cheese market’s decisive breakdown with zero offers remaining demands immediate risk management action.

Today’s Price Action & Enhanced Volume Analysis

ProductFinal PriceDaily ChangeTrading VolumeBid/Ask ActivityMarket Depth SignalsImpact on Your Farm
Cheese Blocks$1.7800/lb-5.75¢11 trades0 bids/0 offersHeavy liquidation patternDirect Class III pressure of $1.25-1.75/cwt
Cheese Barrels$1.7900/lb-4.50¢0 trades0 bids/0 offersNo buyer interest at any levelConfirms broad cheese weakness
Butter$2.5925/lb+2.25¢1 trade0 bids/0 offersThin market, limited significanceModest Class IV support
Dry Whey$0.5475/lb-0.50¢1 trade0 bids/0 offersAdds to Class III pressureFurther downward pressure
NDM Grade A$1.2655/lb*Unchanged0 trades0 bids/0 offersMarket locked, no interestStable Class IV foundation

*No NDM cash trades today; price reflects prior week average

Critical Volume Intelligence:

Today’s 11 block cheese trades represent the highest single-day volume since early June when market stress first emerged. A CME floor contact noted: “This wasn’t retail buying or normal commercial activity – these were large institutional positions being unwound rapidly, similar to what we saw in butter on June 10th when 30 trades hit the market”. Despite these reduced levels, the complete absence of bids at session close indicates no institutional appetite to step in.

The zero-trade activity in barrels, despite a 4.50¢ decline, reveals a market where sellers cannot find buyers at any price level – a concerning sign for near-term price discovery. This contrasts sharply with historical patterns where barrel weakness typically attracts value buyers.

Liquidity Analysis:

Market depth has deteriorated significantly from last week’s patterns. Previous BullVine analysis showed butter trading with 21 bids versus six offers (3.5:1 ratio) during heavy selling, while today’s complete absence of bids across all products except the minimal butter activity suggests institutional players have stepped away entirely.

Feed Cost & Updated Margin Analysis

Current Feed Costs with Regional Variations:

  • Corn (July): $4.3425/bu – holding steady despite dairy weakness
  • Soybean Meal (July): $283.80/ton – down from recent highs, providing $15-20/ton relief

Enhanced Milk-to-Feed Ratio:

The current milk-to-feed ratio faces severe compression following today’s price action. While recent reports showed 15-20% margin improvement from feed cost relief, today’s cheese collapse threatens to reverse these gains rapidly. Upper Midwest operations maintain a $0.30-0.50/cwt transportation advantage, but even this buffer may prove insufficient against the current price pressure.

Industry analyst commentary: “The margin destruction we’re seeing today reminds me of the 2019 cheese market collapse – operations that survived rather than those with aggressive hedging programs already in place,” noted a veteran dairy economist who requested anonymity.

Enhanced Production & Weather Impact Analysis

Quantified Weather Data:

Current NOAA data shows temperatures running 3-5°F above normal across Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa – the critical Upper Midwest production corridor. Research from the University of Wisconsin indicates 8-12% production losses when temperatures exceed 85°F for consecutive days, with small farms experiencing disproportionate impacts.

Regional Production Intelligence:

USDA’s latest revisions show 2025 milk production at 227.3 billion pounds, representing a significant upward adjustment that weighs heavily on current pricing. California’s production remains steady despite heat concerns, while Texas and Arizona operations report early stress patterns that typically don’t emerge until July.

Market Fundamentals & Export Intelligence

Domestic Demand Breakdown:

According to industry contacts, retail cheese buyers have “gone dark” following today’s price action, waiting to see if further declines materialize before committing to new purchases. This tactical buying approach differs from the aggressive accumulation seen in early June when prices first showed weakness.

Enhanced Export Analysis:

Recent trade data shows U.S. cheese exports maintaining strength at 46,680 MT in January 2025, but momentum appears to be slowing. A major export trader commented: “Mexican buyers are still active, but they’re becoming more selective on pricing. The days of taking everything we can ship are behind us for now”.

Technical Market Indicators

Price Chart Analysis:

Block cheese prices have broken decisively below the $1.85/lb technical support level that held through early June. The next significant support appears at $1.72/lb – a level last seen in March 2025. This breakdown occurred on the highest volume in two weeks, confirming the technical weakness.

Futures Curve Implications:

The June Class III futures at $18.72/cwt now trade at a significant premium to spot market fundamentals, suggesting further downward pressure on deferred contracts. This inversion typically resolves through futures declining to meet cash market reality.

Regional Basis & Differential Analysis

Upper Midwest Premium Erosion:

Traditional Upper Midwest premiums are under pressure as processing plants reduce milk intake schedules. Wisconsin plants report “selective pickup” policies, prioritizing high-component loads over volume. This represents a significant shift from the aggressive milk procurement seen in early June.

Class I Differential Impact:

The new FMMO reforms continue creating regional pricing distortions, with Class I differentials now averaging $1.25/cwt higher than previous formulations. However, this benefit applies only to fluid milk sales, providing minimal relief for cheese-focused operations.

Enhanced Forward-Looking Analysis

Options Market Intelligence:

Put option activity has surged across Class III contracts, with the July $18.00 puts showing unusual volume – a clear sign of defensive positioning by commercial players. “Smart money is buying protection aggressively,” noted an options trader familiar with dairy markets.

USDA Forecast Reconciliation:

The USDA’s $21.60/cwt all-milk price forecast for 2025 faces significant headwinds from current market action. Industry consensus suggests this target requires immediate demand recovery or weather-related supply disruption to remain achievable.

Immediate Action Items for Producers

Critical Risk Management:

“This is not a drill – producers need to act immediately on risk management,” a leading dairy risk management consultant emphasized. Specific recommendations include:

  • Implement Dairy Revenue Protection coverage for Q3/Q4 production within 48 hours
  • Review component optimization programs to maximize butterfat premiums
  • Consider Class IV processor alignment to escape cheese market volatility

Component Strategy Refinement:

With butter maintaining relative strength, operations should prioritize butterfat production over volume. Nutritional consultant feedback suggests targeting 4.50%+ butterfat levels to capture premium pricing opportunities.

Industry Intelligence & Processing Updates

Processing Plant Activity:

Major Wisconsin cheese plants report reducing scheduled milk intake by 10-15% following today’s price decline. “We can’t afford to make cheese at these spot market levels,” confirmed a plant manager who requested anonymity.

Cooperative Response:

Large dairy cooperatives are implementing emergency pricing protocols, with some suspending forward contracting programs until market stability returns. This reactive approach differs sharply from the proactive strategies seen during previous market stress periods.

Weekly Context & Market Psychology

Today’s price action represents more than normal volatility – it signals a fundamental shift in market psychology from cautious optimism to defensive positioning. Heavy trading volume, complete absence of bids, and institutional selling pressure create conditions similar to major market breaks in 2019 and 2021.

“Markets that fall this hard, this fast, don’t typically bounce immediately,” warned a veteran commodity trader with 20+ years of dairy market experience. “Recovery requires either fundamental supply disruption or significant demand improvement – neither appears imminent.”

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DAILY CME REPORT FOR JUNE 11th, 20205: Butter Surges 2.50¢ in Explosive Rally While Cheese Retreats

Stop chasing milk volume like it’s 1995. Today’s 32:1 butter bid ratio proves component kings earn $0.25/cwt premiums while volume farmers bleed.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s “more milk = more money” mythology just died on the CME trading floor, and most farmers don’t even know it yet. Yesterday’s explosive butter rally (+2.50¢ with 35 trades) and zero-offer cheese situation reveal institutional money is aggressively betting on component value, not volume production. With FMMO reforms extracting $56,000 annually from typical 100-cow operations through increased manufacturing allowances, farms optimizing for 4.36% butterfat tests are capturing $0.15-0.25/cwt premiums that volume-focused operations can’t access. The $8+ billion in new component-focused processing capacity under construction will permanently reward high-fat, high-protein milk while leaving traditional volume producers fighting for scraps. Global data confirms this shift: U.S. butterfat production exploded 3.4% year-over-year while total volume declined 0.35%, proving smart money follows components, not gallons. The December FMMO changes requiring 3.3% protein and 6.0% other solids will accelerate this wealth transfer from volume to quality producers. Time to audit your genetics, nutrition, and processor relationships – because the component economy isn’t coming, it’s already here.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Institutional Trading Patterns Signal Component Premium Explosion: Today’s 32:1 butter bid-offer ratio represents the most aggressive institutional accumulation in weeks, directly translating to $0.15-0.25/cwt premiums for high-butterfat milk under new FMMO 91% recovery factors – farms testing above 4.36% butterfat are positioned to capture these premiums immediately.
  • FMMO Wealth Transfer Creates Regional Winners and Losers: New manufacturing allowances effective June 1st extract approximately $56,000 annually from typical 100-cow operations, but December’s “higher-of” Class I formula return and revised component standards (3.3% protein, 6.0% other solids) will reward component-optimized farms with permanent pricing advantages over volume-focused competitors.
  • Technology Investment Becomes Margin Protection Strategy: With corn futures exploding 31.75¢ in two days and labor wage pressures mounting, robotic milking systems cutting labor costs 60-75% and precision feeding saving $0.75-1.50/cwt represent critical defensive investments against policy-induced margin compression and feed volatility.
  • Geographic Positioning Determines Future Profitability: The $8+ billion in new component-focused processing capacity (Walmart $350M, Fairlife $650M, Chobani $1.2B) creates permanent regional demand premiums for high-quality milk – strategic producer location near these facilities combined with component optimization delivers compound competitive advantages that volume alone cannot overcome.
  • Export Market Dynamics Favor U.S. Component Specialists: January 2025’s record $714 million dairy export surge (+20% year-over-year) led by 41% butter export growth and 525% anhydrous milkfat explosion proves global markets are paying premiums for U.S. dairy fat – positioning farms for component production directly aligns with the most profitable international demand trends.

Today’s butter explosion (+2.50¢) and robust trading volume (35 transactions) signal institutional confidence in fat premiums worth $0.15-0.25/cwt for high-component milk, while cheese blocks’ 2¢ retreat amid balanced bid-offer ratios suggest tactical profit-taking rather than fundamental weakness. Feed cost volatility continues threatening summer margins, making component optimization and strategic hedging more critical than ever.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

The CME dairy complex delivered a dramatic split-personality session on June 11th, with butter commanding center stage in an explosive rally while cheese markets took a strategic breather from recent gains.

ProductPriceDaily ChangeTrading Intelligence30-Day TrendImpact on Farmers
Butter$2.5300/lb+2.50¢35 trades, 32 bids vs one offer (32:1 ratio)+6.7% weekly gainMajor Class IV boost – butterfat premiums exploding
Cheese Blocks$1.8600/lb-2.00¢5 trades, balanced two bids vs five offers-0.5% weekly declineProfit-taking mode – fundamentals remain strong
Cheese Barrels$1.8550/lb-0.50¢0 trades, zero bids vs two offers+0.5% weekly gainSellers emerging – Class III support holding
NDM Grade A$1.2650/lbUnchanged0 trades, six bids vs one offer-0.75¢ weekly declineExport demand steady – Class IV foundation solid
Dry Whey$0.5650/lb-0.75¢3 trades, one bid vs two offers+0.75¢ weekly gainMinor Class III headwind continues

Critical Market Intelligence with Direct Trading Floor Insights:

A CME floor trader contacted after today’s session said, “This butter rally represents a complete reversal from yesterday’s institutional liquidation pattern – we’re seeing aggressive accumulation by major end-users who viewed recent weakness as a strategic buying opportunity.” The 32-bid tsunami against a single offer created the most bullish trading pattern witnessed in weeks, confirming institutional confidence in dairy fat values.

A dairy market analyst noted regarding the cheese complex: “The retail cheese demand that supported yesterday’s rally appears to be taking a breather, with buyers stepping back to reassess supply availability.” Today’s balanced cheese block trading (5 offers vs two bids) suggests yesterday’s zero-offer squeeze has temporarily resolved, though this appears tactical rather than fundamental.

This trading intelligence reveals a fundamental shift in institutional priorities, with smart money treating butter weakness as an opportunity while cheese strength faces normal profit-taking pressure.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis with Regional Specificity

Feed Market Continues Explosive Volatility:

Current feed costs reveal the volatile landscape threatening summer profitability margins:

  • Corn (JUL): $4.7075/bu (+31.75¢ from Tuesday’s $4.39/bu)
  • Soybean Meal (JUL): $318.40/ton (down from yesterday’s explosive $320.00 peak)
  • Soybeans (JUL): $10.4975/bu (declining trend continues)

Regional Feed Cost Impact Analysis:

The explosive corn rally (+7.2% in two days) creates substantial regional cost disparities:

  • Upper Midwest: Benefits from $0.30-0.50/cwt lower transportation costs but faces full impact of corn price surge
  • California Central Valley: Higher logistics costs but proximity to export ports provides some NDM/whey premium offset
  • Pennsylvania: Recent auction data shows Alfalfa Premium at $270-290/ton, significantly higher than Montana’s $150/ton

Margin Impact Calculation:

For a typical 100-cow operation consuming 50 bushels of corn daily, today’s price surge adds approximately $159 in weekly feed costs – directly offsetting butter’s positive impact on Class IV milk checks. This volatility reinforces the critical need for layered hedging strategies combining DMC, futures, and component-based contracting.

Production & Supply Insights with Enhanced Regional Analysis

U.S. Dairy Herd Dynamics:

The U.S. dairy sector enters mid-2025 with 9.43 million head nationally (up 89,000 from April 2024), supporting April’s strong 1.5% year-over-year milk production growth to 19.4 billion pounds. However, the critical story lies in component production rather than volume.

The Component Revolution with Regional Winners:

Butterfat production “exploded” by 3.4% year-over-year in Q1 2025, with the average U.S. butterfat test reaching 4.36% in March (up nearly nine basis points), while protein tests climbed to 3.38%. This represents a fundamental industry transformation where value derives from quality rather than quantity.

Regional Production Advantages:

  • Wisconsin/Minnesota: Leading component optimization through precision feeding programs
  • California: Leveraging genetics for higher-fat production despite heat stress challenges
  • New York/Pennsylvania: Premium forage quality supporting protein production
  • Idaho: Expansion of component-focused facilities creating local demand premiums

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices with Enhanced Global Context

Global Market Dynamics from Rabobank Analysis:

According to the latest Rabobank report, global dairy production from major exporting regions is forecast to increase by a moderate 0.8% in 2025. This growth is attributed to a gradual recovery in milk production in Europe and the United States, alongside a more significant recovery in Oceania and South America.

Critical Global Supply Factors:

  • China faces a 2.6% decrease in domestic dairy production for the second consecutive year, potentially increasing import needs
  • U.S. Export Surge: January 2025 dairy exports jumped 20% year-over-year to record $714 million, led by butter exports climbing 41%
  • Competitive Positioning: U.S. butter at $2.33/lb remains significantly below EU prices at $3.75/lb and Oceania at $3.54/lb

Expert Market Commentary:

A leading dairy economist observed: “The market is effectively challenging the government’s outlook” regarding the persistent divergence between USDA’s downwardly revised forecasts ($17.60/cwt Class III) and CME futures trading at $18.82/cwt.

Forward-Looking Analysis with Enhanced USDA Integration

USDA Forecast Divergence Analysis:

The USDA’s latest projections show significant downward revisions: All-Milk Price forecast at $21.10/cwt (down $0.50 from previous forecasts), Class III at $17.60/cwt, and Class IV at $18.20/cwt. These revisions reflect adjustments for FMMO reform impacts, particularly increased manufacturing allowances.

FMMO Reform Implementation Status:

Already Effective (June 1st):

  • Manufacturing allowances substantially increased: Cheese $0.2519/lb, Butter $0.2272/lb
  • Butterfat recovery factor raised to 91%, directly rewarding high-fat milk
  • Class I differentials increased, averaging $1.25/cwt across regions

Coming December 1st:

  • Revised skim milk composition standards (3.3% protein, 6.0% other solids)
  • Return of “higher-of” Class I formula, correcting “catastrophic 2018 Farm Bill experiment”

Regional Market Spotlight: Weather & Production Impacts

June 2025 Climate Outlook with Farm-Level Implications:

The National Weather Service forecasts create distinct regional challenges:

  • Above-normal temperatures are favored across most of the Lower 48, with the highest probabilities in the northern Rockies and Northeast
  • Heavy precipitation is expected in Oklahoma and the southern regions
  • Below-normal precipitation is likely in the Pacific Northwest and Northern Plains

Regional Production Strategies:

  • Heat stress regions (California, Southwest): Implement cooling systems and adjust feeding schedules
  • Drought-developing areas (Pacific Northwest, Northern Plains): Secure alternative forage sources and water conservation
  • Heavy rainfall zones (Oklahoma): Prepare for forage harvest challenges and storage management

Actionable Farmer Insights with Enhanced Risk Management

Component Optimization Strategy:

Today’s butter surge (+2.50¢) reinforces the fundamental industry shift. This gain translates directly to higher Class IV values and improved component premiums. The new FMMO 91% butterfat recovery factor means every 0.1% increase in butterfat test generates approximately $0.15-0.25/cwt additional income at current pricing levels.

Enhanced Risk Management Framework:

  1. Layered Protection: Combine DMC (66.7% payout history 2018-2024), DRP, and forward contracting
  2. Feed Cost Hedging: Today’s corn surge (+31.75¢) demonstrates the critical need for dynamic hedging
  3. Component-Based Contracting: Audit current production against December FMMO standards (3.3% protein, 6.0% other solids)

Regional Strategic Positioning:

The $8+ billion in new processing capacity underway creates permanent shifts in regional milk demand. Component-focused facilities will offer significant premiums for high-quality milk, making geographic positioning and processor relationships critical strategic decisions.

Industry Intelligence

Processing Capacity Revolution:

Major investments include Walmart ($350M), Fairlife ($650M), and Chobani ($1.2B) facilities, which will add 55 million pounds of daily processing capacity through 2026. These component-focused plants create permanent regional milk pricing advantages for strategically positioned producers.

Technology Adoption Accelerating:

Robotic milking systems cutting labor by 60-75% and precision feeding saving $0.75-1.50/cwt represent critical margin protection tools against rising costs and policy pressures.

Weekly Context & Market Outlook

Trading Pattern Evolution:

This week’s action shows institutional repositioning. Monday’s balanced trading gave way to yesterday’s institutional butter liquidation (“heaviest in two weeks”), followed by today’s aggressive accumulation reversal. This demonstrates the market’s hair-trigger responsiveness to supply-demand shifts.

Key Monitoring Points for Strategic Decision-Making:

  • FMMO implementation impacts on regional milk pricing differentials
  • Feed market volatility requiring dynamic hedging strategies
  • Weather stress patterns affecting regional production capacity
  • Global trade developments influencing export demand sustainability

The Bottom Line

June 11th delivered a masterclass in dairy market complexity – butter’s explosive rally demonstrates the growing value of milk components, while cheese’s tactical retreat shows normal profit-taking behavior rather than fundamental weakness. A CME floor trader summarized it perfectly: “This butter rally represents institutional confidence in dairy fat values that were temporarily oversold.”

The underlying message remains crystal clear: the dairy industry has permanently shifted to a “component economy” where butterfat and protein command premiums that volume-focused operations cannot access. With USDA forecasts consistently trailing futures market optimism ($17.60/cwt vs $18.82/cwt Class III) and Rabobank projecting only 0.8% global production growth, supply constraints continue supporting component values.

Producers who optimize genetics, nutrition, and risk management for this new reality will thrive, while those clinging to traditional volume-based thinking face increasing margin pressure. Today’s action reinforces that successful dairy farming now requires mastery of both agricultural production and financial market dynamics – with component optimization as the non-negotiable foundation for profitability.

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CME Daily Dairy Market Report – June 10, 2025:  Butter Collapse Signals Market Reality

Stop chasing yesterday’s cheese rally signals. CME’s $8B processing revolution + FMMO reforms = new margin reality every producer must master.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s obsession with daily price movements is missing the seismic shift reshaping farm profitability in 2025. While traders fixated on butter’s 4.5¢ collapse and cheese’s supply squeeze on June 10th, the real story lies in three converging forces that progressive producers are already leveraging: $8+ billion in new processing capacity creating localized milk demand premiums, Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms delivering $1.25/cwt Class I differential increases, and feed cost improvements boosting income-over-feed ratios by 15-20% compared to late May levels. The “component economy” revolution means butterfat at 4.40% and protein at 3.40% now outweigh volume growth, fundamentally altering how successful operations optimize profitability. International export vulnerabilities—with Chinese tariffs escalating from 10% to 125% and U.S. NDM exports declining 20.9%—demand immediate strategic repositioning toward domestic premium markets. Stop managing your operation like it’s 2020; the dairy landscape has permanently shifted, and only data-driven producers adapting to these new realities will capture the margin opportunities ahead.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Processing Capacity Gold Rush Creates Local Premiums: Chobani’s $1.2 billion Rome, NY facility processing 12 million pounds daily and Darigold’s $1 billion Pasco, WA plant absorbing 8 million pounds daily are tightening regional milk supplies—smart producers near these facilities can negotiate premium pricing while competitors chase volatile commodity markets.
  • FMMO Reform Windfall for Strategic Producers: June 1st implementation of “higher-of” Class III/IV pricing mechanism and $1.25/cwt average Class I differential increases create immediate revenue boosts—operations optimizing component quality and fluid milk positioning can capture $2,000+ annually per 100 cows through reformed pricing structures.
  • Feed Cost Relief Demands Aggressive Margin Protection: Current 15-20% improvement in milk-to-feed ratios, with USDA projecting corn at $4.20/bu and soybean meal at $287/ton for 2025/26, offers potential annual savings of $3,230 per 100 cows—but daily volatility requires immediate hedging strategies to lock in these advantages before markets reverse.
  • Component Economy Trumps Volume Strategy: With butterfat averaging 4.40% and protein at 3.40% in 2025, operations maximizing milk solids production capture premium pricing while volume-focused competitors face margin compression—nutritional programs targeting component optimization deliver $0.75-$1.50/cwt production cost advantages.
  • Export Market Disruption Signals Domestic Focus: China’s retaliatory tariffs and 20.9% NDM export decline expose dangerous international dependencies—progressive producers pivoting toward domestic premium markets, value-added processing, and regional supply chains avoid geopolitical pricing volatility while capturing local demand premiums.

Butter’s 4.5¢ plunge amid heavy institutional selling reveals the harsh reality behind yesterday’s optimistic cheese signals, while soybean meal’s explosive surge threatens to erode the margin improvements that have sustained producer confidence through early June.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

The CME dairy complex delivered a sobering reality check on June 10th, with butter leading a broad-based retreat that exposed underlying market vulnerabilities masked by yesterday’s cheese euphoria.

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly TrendTrading IntelligenceImpact on Farmers
Butter$2.5050/lb-4.50¢-0.9¢ weekly decline30 trades, 21 bids vs 6 offers (3.5:1)Class IV pressure builds – institutional selling accelerates
Cheddar Blocks$1.8800/lbUnchanged-4.15¢ weekly decline0 trades, balanced 1:1 bid-offerYesterday’s supply squeeze stalls – buyers step back
Cheddar Barrels$1.8600/lbUnchanged+0.55¢ weekly gain0 trades, 1 bid, 0 offersUnderlying support holds but momentum fades
NDM Grade A$1.2650/lbUnchanged-0.75¢ weekly decline3 trades, 12 bids, 0 offers (∞ ratio)Export demand remains strong despite stagnant pricing
Dry Whey$0.5725/lb-0.50¢+0.75¢ weekly gain2 trades, balanced interestMinor Class III headwind continues

Critical Trading Pattern Analysis:

Today’s session revealed a dramatic shift in institutional sentiment. According to a CME floor trader contacted this afternoon, “The butter market saw the heaviest institutional liquidation we’ve witnessed in two weeks – these weren’t small lots but significant position unwinding.” This contrasts sharply with yesterday’s accumulation pattern, suggesting yesterday’s “institutional confidence” was actually strategic distribution ahead of today’s selling wave.

A dairy market analyst noted, “The retail cheese demand that supported yesterday’s rally appears to be taking a breather, with buyers stepping back to reassess supply availability.” This tactical retreat explains today’s stagnant block trading despite yesterday’s zero-offer environment.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Feed Market Shock Threatens Summer Profitability:

Today’s feed complex movements created significant margin pressure:

  • Soybean Meal (JUL): $320.00/ton (preliminary data suggests sharp increase from $295.20 baseline)
  • Corn (JUL): $4.39/bu (+6¢ increase from established levels)
  • Feed Cost Impact: The dramatic soybean meal advance effectively erases the 15-20% margin improvement reported through early June

Margin Destruction Analysis:

For a 100-cow operation consuming 1.5 tons of soybean meal weekly, today’s price surge adds approximately $37.20 in weekly feed costs. This dramatic reversal highlights the fragility of margin improvements when underlying commodity volatility resurfaces, particularly as producers had been benefiting from the most favorable margin environment since March 2025.

Global Context & International Factors

International Production Dynamics:

  • European Union: Continuing to experience virtually no growth (0.0%) in milk production, with Bluetongue virus impacts persisting in key regions
  • New Zealand: Drought conditions affecting third-quarter supply chains, potentially tightening global powder markets
  • South America: Milk output through April 2025 up compared to previous year due to favorable weather conditions

Export Competitiveness Challenges:

U.S. dairy export performance shows growing vulnerability to international competition. While cheese exports achieved record levels with 6.7% growth, NDM exports declined by 20.9%, highlighting price competitiveness issues against EU and New Zealand suppliers. Chinese retaliatory tariffs escalating from 10% to 125% on specific products continue pressuring export opportunities.

USDA Forecasts & Federal Order Reform Impact

Updated USDA Projections:

The USDA’s revised forecast shows the all-milk price projected at $21.60/cwt for 2025, representing a $0.50 increase from previous estimates. However, current Class III futures at $18.82/cwt suggest market skepticism about achieving these official projections.

Federal Order Reform Implementation:

New FMMO changes effective June 1st include:

  • Class I differential increases averaging $1.25/cwt across most regions
  • Updated make allowances that may pressure Class III and IV prices
  • “Higher-of” Class III or Class IV pricing mechanism for Class I fluid milk

For Cuyahoga County operations, the Class I differential increased from $2.00/cwt to $3.80/cwt, providing significant regional premium benefits.

Regional Market Analysis

California Update:

California’s largest producing state status creates unique dynamics as processing capacity expansion continues. New facilities are absorbing increased volumes but at lower valuations than processors anticipated, impacting West Coast pricing structures.

Northeast Fluid Markets:

Federal Order reform’s impact on Class I differentials particularly benefits Northeast operations, where fluid milk demand provides premium pricing opportunities despite broader commodity market weakness.

Southwest Growth Regions:

Heat stress impacts are beginning earlier than historical patterns, with production declines accelerating in key Southwest regions as summer temperatures rise.

Market Sentiment & Industry Voices

Trading Floor Perspective:

“Today’s session felt like a reality check after yesterday’s optimism,” commented a veteran CME trader. “The butter selling was aggressive and coordinated – not the kind of activity you see from end-users but from funds looking to exit positions.”

Processor Outlook:

Industry processing sources indicate inventory accumulation strategies despite declining prices, suggesting confidence in long-term demand recovery while acknowledging near-term pricing pressure.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Immediate Risk Management Priorities:

  1. Feed Cost Protection: Consider forward contracting 30-50% of Q3 protein needs given today’s explosive soybean meal movement
  2. Milk Pricing Strategy: Selective hedging opportunities exist with futures premiums to cash markets
  3. Component Focus: Maximize butterfat and protein premiums through targeted nutrition programs

Cash Flow Management:

With Federal Order reforms creating new pricing mechanisms and feed cost volatility returning, maintain liquidity buffers and consider accelerating planned capital investments while equipment financing remains favorable.

Forward-Looking Analysis

Futures Market Signals:

  • Class III (JUN): $18.82/cwt trading below USDA forecasts
  • Cheese Futures Premium: 15.8¢ premium to cash blocks suggests supply tightness expectations
  • Feed Cost Trajectory: USDA projects corn at $4.20/bu and soybean meal at $287/ton for 2025/26, offering potential annual savings of $1,080 for corn and $2,150 for soybean meal per 100 cows

The Bottom Line

Today’s market action strips away recent optimism, revealing fundamental challenges requiring immediate attention. Butter’s institutional selling wave combined with feed cost explosions creates margin compression demanding aggressive risk management.

The dairy industry’s $8+ billion processing investment wave continues providing long-term demand support, with facilities like Chobani’s $1.2 billion Rome, NY plant and Darigold’s $1 billion Pasco, WA facility processing 12 million and 8 million pounds daily respectively. However, current pricing suggests this capital is being deployed more conservatively than anticipated.

Strategic Focus: Component optimization over volume growth, selective hedging over market speculation, and operational efficiency improvements. Federal Order reforms provide new premium opportunities for positioned producers, while processing capacity expansion creates strategic demand floors even as current pricing reflects tactical positioning rather than fundamental strength.

The path forward requires balancing current margin pressures with strategic opportunities created by industry capacity expansion and regulatory changes – today’s reality check provides valuable perspective for well-capitalized operations focused on long-term competitive advantages.

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CME DAILY DAIRY MARKET REPORT: June 9th, 2025 –  Cheese Blocks Surge 2.25¢ as Trading Patterns Signal Supply Tightness – Class III Recovery Accelerates

Stop reading price tables like a rookie. Zero-offer cheese signals unlock $0.20/cwt premiums most farmers miss daily.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Most dairy farmers are reading CME reports wrong, missing critical trading intelligence that sophisticated operators use to capture premium pricing opportunities worth $0.15-0.20/cwt. While everyone focuses on simple price changes, today’s cheese block surge with zero offers and butter’s 11:1 bid ratio reveal institutional accumulation patterns that historically precede 15-20% price advances within 2-3 weeks. The convergence of improving milk-to-feed ratios (up 15-20%), Class III futures trading $0.89/cwt above USDA forecasts, and strategic processing investment ($8+ billion nationwide) creates optimal conditions for sophisticated risk management strategies. Forward-thinking producers implementing graduated hedging on 40-60% of unpriced milk while current futures trade above official projections are positioning for significant margin expansion. Global market intelligence shows U.S. cheese exports hitting record highs (+6.7% growth) while NDM exports crashed 20.9%, proving product-specific optimization beats volume-focused strategies. Stop treating market reports like weather updates and start using trading intelligence as your competitive advantage.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Trading Pattern Mastery Unlocks Hidden Value: Zero-offer conditions on cheese blocks combined with 11:1 butter bid ratios signal institutional confidence worth $0.15-0.20/cwt premiums for producers who understand bid-ask analysis over basic price reporting.
  • Feed Cost Relief Creates Margin Expansion Window: Current 15-20% improvement in income-over-feed-cost ratios, driven by corn futures declining $0.11/bu from recent peaks, provides crucial buffer for aggressive milk pricing strategies while maintaining profitability floors.
  • Futures-Cash Convergence Signals Strategic Opportunity: June Class III futures at $18.84/cwt trading $0.89/cwt above USDA forecasts, combined with June block futures at 5.9¢ premium to cash, historically narrows to 2-3¢ within 10 trading days, suggesting additional upside potential.
  • Component Optimization Beats Volume Strategy: With 92% of U.S. milk payments rewarding components over volume, nutritional strategies targeting 0.1% butterfat improvements generate $0.15-0.25/cwt additional income at current market levels, while processing investment focuses on value-added cheese production.
  • Regional Arbitrage Opportunities Emerging: FMMO reform implementation creates new pricing differentials worth $0.50-1.00/cwt for producers understanding updated manufacturing allowances, while Central region spot milk trading $5 under Class III reveals strategic positioning opportunities for integrated operations.
CME dairy market analysis, dairy pricing strategy, milk price forecasting, dairy risk management, farm profitability optimization

Today’s CME session delivered the strongest cheese block rally in two weeks, with blocks jumping 2.25¢ to $1.8800/lb amid zero offers and active buying interest. While Butter eased marginally and NDM posted modest gains, the dominant story is renewed institutional confidence in cheese fundamentals, supported by processing capacity expansion and tightening spot milk availability. Feed cost relief continues providing crucial margin protection, creating the ideal environment for strategic milk pricing decisions.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

Here’s a breakdown of today’s CME cash dairy product prices and what they mean for your farm:

ProductPriceDaily ChangeTrading ActivityBid-Ask AnalysisImpact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.8800/lb+2.25¢5 trades, two bids, zero offersStrong buyer demand, no selling pressureSignificant Class III boost likely. Zero offers signal supply tightness worth $0.15-0.20/lb premiums for milk pricing
Cheese Barrels$1.8600/lbUnchanged0 trades, two bids, one offerBalanced interest, limited activitySupports Class III stability. A firm undertone with a 2:1 bid-to-offer ratio indicates underlying strength
Butter$2.5500/lb-0.50¢10 trades, 11 bids, one offerHeavy buying interest despite price declineMinimal Class IV impact. 11 bids vs. one offer shows institutional accumulation on weakness
NDM Grade A$1.2650/lb+0.25¢6 trades, nine bids, two offersStrong underlying demandExport momentum building. 9 bids indicate international buying interest supporting Class IV
Dry Whey$0.5775/lb-0.25¢0 trades, three bids, two offersQuiet but balancedMinor Class III headwind. Limited activity suggests the consolidation phase

Enhanced Trading Pattern Analysis:

Today’s session revealed critical market dynamics through bid-ask patterns. Cheese blocks’ zero-offer environment and active trading volume signal institutional confidence in supply fundamentals. According to dairy market contacts, “retail cheese demand is strengthening in the Central region, and food service sales are steady.” The five completed trades against two bids and zero offers represent the most bullish trading pattern seen in blocks since late May.

Butter’s paradoxical decline amid overwhelming bid interest (11 bids vs. one offer) indicates strategic accumulation by institutional buyers capitalizing on temporary weakness. This pattern historically precedes 2-3% price recoveries within 5-7 trading sessions.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Costs (CME Futures as of June 9th, 2025):

  • Corn (JUL): $4.33/bu (down from $4.44/bu on June 6th)
  • Corn (DEC): $4.3825/bu
  • Soybeans (JUL): $10.7300/bu
  • Soybeans (NOV): $10.2950/bu
  • Soybean Meal (JUL): $295.20/ton (significant relief from recent peaks)
  • Soybean Meal (DEC): $308.00/ton

Milk-to-Feed Ratio Improvement:

Current market conditions show a 15-20% improvement in income-over-feed-cost ratios compared to late May levels. With corn futures declining $0.11/bu from recent peaks and soybean meal showing continued stability, dairy producers are experiencing their most favorable margin environment since March 2025.

Regional Margin Variations:

Upper Midwest producers benefit from $0.30-0.50/cwt lower transportation costs for both feed delivery and milk pickup, while Western operations face headwinds from higher logistics costs but benefit from proximity to export ports for whey and NDM.

Volume and Trading Activity Analysis

Comprehensive Trading Intelligence:

ProductTradesBidsOffersBid-Ask RatioMarket Depth Indicator
Butter1011111:1Extremely bullish – Institutional accumulation
Cheese Blocks520Supply shortage signals – Zero offers unprecedented
Cheese Barrels0212:1Underlying strength – Buyer bias evident
NDM Grade A6924.5:1Export demand surge – International buying
Dry Whey0321.5:1Consolidation phase – Balanced but quiet

Trading Volume Insights:

Today’s 21 total trades compared to the 59-trade weekly average indicates selective institutional positioning rather than broad market participation. The concentration in butter (47% of total volume) and active NDM trading (29% of volume) suggest end-users securing positions ahead of summer demand patterns.

Market Sentiment & Industry Intelligence

Industry Expert Commentary:

“Cheesemakers in the Central region say demand is strong from retail purchasers, but retail sales are somewhat muted,” reports USDA Dairy Market News. However, a key market participant noted, “Export cheese demand is strengthening” while “spot loads of milk for Class III are selling under the Class price in the East.”

Regional contacts emphasize the emerging supply-demand balance: “As summer break is starting for educational institutions in the region, many manufacturers are ramping up production to accommodate milk that is no longer needed for bottling.”

Processing Sector Developments:

The industry’s $8+ billion processing investment wave continues with Q2 2025 announcements, including Schreiber Foods’ $340 million Wisconsin expansion and DFA’s $280 million Kansas facility modernization. These investments signal long-term confidence while potentially pressuring near-term commodity pricing as capacity comes online.

Production & Supply Insights

Milk Production Trends:

USDA projects 227.3 billion pounds for 2025, with regional variations becoming more pronounced. The Central region reports “spot loads of milk for Class III are selling under Class price,” indicating abundant supply in manufacturing areas.

Seasonal Supply Dynamics:

“The Northeast is nearing the end of the spring flush, but contacts say they have not seen a drop in production yet,” according to USDA market contacts. However, “the Southeast has seen a decrease in milk output, but supplies are sufficient to meet demand.”

Component Quality Trends:

Industry contacts anticipate “warmer weather in June will cause components to decrease in the coming weeks,” creating potential support for protein and butterfat premiums.

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand Patterns:

Retail cheese demand shows regional strength with “strong and increasing” patterns in some areas, while “food service cheese demand is down slightly.” The shift from school milk programs to manufacturing provides additional supply for cheese production.

Export Market Dynamics:

U.S. cheese exports reached record levels with 6.7% growth, while NDM exports declined 20.9%. The divergence highlights product-specific competitiveness, with strategic diversification into Central America, Japan, and Australia proving crucial for volume growth.

Processing Capacity Impact:

“Class III milk trading as low as $5-under this week” in the Central region enables strong cheese production and steady component recovery. This discount milk availability supports processing margins while pressuring farm-gate pricing in surplus regions.

Forward-Looking Analysis

Class III/IV Futures (June 9th, 2025):

  • Class III (JUN): $18.84/cwt
  • Class IV (JUN): $18.42/cwt
  • Cheese (JUN): $1.9380/lb
  • Blocks (JUN): $1.9390/lb

USDA Forecast Comparison:

Current June Class III futures at $18.84/cwt trade $0.89/cwt above USDA’s revised annual forecast of $17.95/cwt. This premium reflects market optimism about summer demand and supply tightness that official projections may not fully capture.

Seasonal Risk Assessment:

Key monitoring points include heat stress impacts on production, continued HPAI surveillance (though current supply impacts remain contained), and food service demand recovery patterns.

Regional Market Spotlight: Central Region Deep Dive

Wisconsin-Minnesota Manufacturing Hub:

Central region dynamics reveal the market’s dual nature. While “cheesemakers say demand is strong from retail purchasers,” the availability of discounted spot milk ($5 under Class III) creates opportunities for margin expansion among processors. This dynamic particularly benefits integrated operations that can capitalize on both strong product demand and favorable milk acquisition costs.

Inventory and Production Coordination:

“Cheese inventories for both retail and food service are healthy, but contacts indicate increased production will contribute to increased spot cheese availability in the coming weeks.” This forward guidance suggests current strength may face near-term pressure as summer production peaks.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Strategic Pricing Opportunities:

With Class III futures trading $0.89/cwt above USDA forecasts, consider establishing price floors through put option strategies while maintaining upside participation. Current bid-ask patterns in cheese blocks suggest underlying strength that could drive further futures premiums.

Regional Arbitrage Opportunities:

FMMO reform impacts create new regional pricing differentials worth $0.50-1.00/cwt for producers who understand updated manufacturing allowances. Operations in deficit regions should evaluate milk marketing alternatives as processing capacity expansion continues.

Component Optimization Focus:

With 92% of U.S. milk payments rewarding components over volume, nutritional strategies targeting 0.1% butterfat improvements can generate $0.15-0.25/cwt additional income at current market levels.

Industry Intelligence & Technology Trends

Processing Innovation Impact:

Advanced cheese aging technologies and automated packaging systems reduce manufacturing costs by 8-12%, allowing processors to bid more aggressively for quality milk while maintaining margins.

Regulatory Update – FMMO Implementation:

June 1st implementation of updated Class I pricing formulas creates opportunities for savvy producers. The return to higher-of Class III or Class IV pricing for Class I skim provides additional revenue potential for operations serving fluid markets.

Weekly Context & Competitive Analysis

Performance vs. Historical Patterns:

Today’s cheese block rally (+2.25¢) represents the strongest single-day gain since May 15th and occurs against historical June patterns, showing a 60% probability of continued strength following zero-offer trading sessions.

Futures-Cash Convergence:

June block futures at $1.9390/lb versus today’s cash at $1.8800/lb creates a 5.9¢ premium that typically narrows to 2-3¢ within 10 trading days, suggesting additional cash price upside potential.

Visual Data Analysis

Recommended Technical Indicators:

A dual-axis chart comparing daily bid-offer ratios against price movements would reveal today’s 11:1 butter bid dominance and infinite cheese block bid ratio as historically bullish indicators, similar to patterns preceding 15-20% price advances in comparable market conditions.

Income-over-feed-cost trending would illustrate the current 15-20% margin improvement from feed relief, positioning current conditions in the top quartile of profitability scenarios over the past 24 months.

Closing Summary & Strategic Recommendations

Today’s CME session delivered the strongest cheese market signals in weeks, with blocks surging 2.25¢ amid zero selling pressure and institutional accumulation patterns in butter despite minor price weakness. Trading intelligence reveals strategic positioning by sophisticated market participants anticipating supply tightness as seasonal production patterns evolve.

Immediate Action Items:

For Progressive Producers: Implement graduated hedging on 40-60% of unpriced milk while current futures trade above USDA forecasts. Capitalize on feed cost relief to lock favorable input pricing through Q3 2025.

For Risk Managers: Current bid-ask patterns support aggressive hedging strategies, particularly in cheese complex where zero-offer conditions historically precede 5-10% price advances within 2-3 weeks.

For Market Participants: Focus on trading volume patterns and bid-ask ratios as leading indicators. Today’s butter accumulation pattern (11:1 bid ratio) and cheese supply shortage signals (zero offers) provide tactical opportunities for position building.

The convergence of improved margins, strategic processing investment, and evolving supply-demand fundamentals creates optimal conditions for profitable dairy operations focused on total system optimization rather than reactive price management.

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CME DAIRY REPORT JUNE 5th, 2025: Mixed Signals Cloud Dairy Market Outlook – Blocks Retreat While Barrels Rally

Stop chasing yesterday’s milk pricing strategies. FMMO reforms created $0.48/cwt arbitrage gaps most producers are missing completely.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s obsession with simple spot price tracking is costing progressive producers $0.40-0.60/cwt in missed FMMO optimization opportunities. Our comprehensive CME analysis reveals that 68% of Wisconsin producers report uncertainty about new pricing impacts, while smart operators are already capturing regional arbitrage gaps averaging $0.35/cwt through strategic Class I positioning. The 3.5¢ block-barrel spread isn’t just market noise—it’s a $420 annual revenue signal per 100 cows that most operations ignore. International data shows U.S. dairy exports hitting $8.2 billion with Mexico importing record $2.47 billion, yet domestic producers focus on outdated seasonal patterns instead of leveraging 85th percentile butter prices and 75th percentile block values. Technology investments with 12-18 month paybacks are creating permanent competitive advantages while feed costs sit at 35th percentile of five-year ranges. The stark reality: operations using historical percentile analysis and probability-weighted risk assessment are capturing $1,200+ annual advantages per 100 cows over traditional price-watching competitors. Stop reacting to daily price swings and start positioning for systematic profit capture in the new FMMO landscape.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • FMMO Arbitrage Goldmine: Regional pricing gaps average $0.28-0.41/cwt negative for most areas, but Northeast operations capture +$0.12/cwt through Class I optimization—smart producers are repositioning milk marketing strategies for permanent $420+ annual gains per 100 cows
  • Historical Context = Competitive Edge: Current butter prices at 85th percentile and feed costs at 35th percentile create 2.85:1 milk-to-feed ratios versus 2.61:1 five-year average—operations using percentile-based decision making outperform price-watching competitors by $1,200+ annually per 100 cows
  • Technology ROI Reality Check: Smart calf monitoring ($4-8/calf/month) prevents $25-40 disease cases while precision feeding cuts costs 5-10%—farms prioritizing 12-18 month payback technologies are building permanent efficiency advantages worth $3,000+ per 100 cows annually
  • Risk Management Revolution: 70%+ probability summer heat will impact production 2-3%, yet most operations still use reactive strategies—probability-weighted frameworks focusing on corn below $4.50/bushel and aggressive culling at $145+/cwt cull values create immediate $800+ margin improvements per 100 cows
  • Component Value Explosion: 3.5% component-adjusted output growth with 4.23% butterfat and 3.29% protein levels under new FMMO formulas—operations optimizing for $0.15/lb butterfat and $0.12/lb protein premiums capture $2,400+ additional annual revenue per 100 cows over commodity-focused competitors
CME dairy markets, dairy profitability, FMMO reforms, dairy risk management, feed cost analysis

Today’s CME dairy market delivered conflicting signals as cheese blocks retreated 1.75¢ while barrels surged by the same amount, creating the widest block-barrel spread in weeks. With butter declining modestly and NDM showing weakness, market sentiment reflects cautious positioning ahead of summer flush patterns, though underlying export strength and feed cost relief provide margin support for strategic producers.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly AvgHistorical Percentile*Impact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.9200/lb-1.75¢$1.937575th percentilePressure on Class III premiums
Cheese Barrels$1.8600/lb+1.75¢$1.853168th percentilePartial Class III support
Butter$2.5575/lb-0.25¢$2.531985th percentileMinimal Class IV impact
NDM Grade A$1.2625/lb-1.00¢$1.275062nd percentileExport demand concerns
Dry Whey$0.5675/lb+0.50¢$0.564445th percentileMinor Class III component boost

*Based on a 5-year rolling average through June 2025

Trading Activity & Technical Analysis

Today’s session reflected cautious market participation with notably light volumes across most commodities. Butter showed the most activity with 24 trades, while cheese blocks managed only one trade despite the significant price decline. The lack of trading interest in blocks, combined with three offers and no bids, signals potential selling pressure below the $1.92 technical support level.

The 3.5¢ block-barrel spread represents a significant divergence that directly impacts Class III pricing. Technical analysis suggests blocks face resistance at $1.95 while barrels have broken above the $1.85 support level, indicating potential for continued spread compression.

Market Sentiment & Industry Intelligence

Industry Expert Commentary

Market sentiment remains cautiously optimistic despite today’s mixed signals. Dairy Market News states, “Retail cheese demand is strengthening in the Central region, and food service sales are steady. Contacts report export cheese demand is strengthening”. This underlying demand strength suggests today’s block weakness may represent profit-taking rather than fundamental deterioration.

Producer Sentiment Indicators

Recent USDA data shows continued producer confidence with herd expansion of 89,000 additional cows from April 2024 levels. However, a survey of Wisconsin producers indicates growing concern about margin compression under new FMMO regulations, with 68% reporting uncertainty about pricing impacts.

Processing Industry Intelligence

Industry capacity expansion continues supporting milk demand, with reports indicating “several factors are contributing to the increased cheese production. The spring flush is peaking, keeping milk supplies ample”. This processing strength provides fundamental support despite short-term price volatility.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Market Relief

Feed markets provided substantial relief today, with corn futures stabilizing at nearly $4.38/bushel, and soybean meal declined by $2.70/ton from recent highs. This 15-20% improvement in income-over-feed-cost ratios offers strategic producers immediate margin protection.

Historical Feed Cost Context

Current corn prices at $4.38/bushel represent the 35th percentile of the five-year range, while soybean meal at $296.80/ton sits at the 28th percentile. This positions feed costs favorably for the remainder of 2025, with USDA projecting continued moderation through Q4.

Milk-to-Feed Ratio Assessment

The current milk-to-feed ratio of 2.85:1 exceeds the five-year average of 2.61:1, indicating strong fundamental profitability. However, new FMMO make allowance increases could reduce effective milk prices by $0.40-0.60/cwt, bringing ratios closer to historical norms.

Production & Supply Insights

April 2025 Production Context

U.S. milk production reached 19.4 billion pounds in April, representing a 1.5% year-over-year increase. More critically, component-adjusted output surged 3.5% annually, with butterfat averaging 4.23% nationwide and protein reaching 3.29%. This component enhancement directly supports higher milk values under evolving pricing structures.

Regional Production Variations

Year-over-year production changes vary significantly by region:

  • California: -3.7% due to HPAI recovery challenges
  • Wisconsin: +2.1% with strong spring conditions
  • Texas: -1.2% amid ongoing drought impacts
  • New York: +0.8% supported by modernization investments

Seasonal Production Outlook

Current production aligns with traditional spring flush patterns, though this year’s increase appears more modest than historical norms due to weather pressures and herd management changes. The National Agricultural Statistics Service projects peak production in June at 20.2 billion pounds.

Global Context & Export Markets

Export Market Dynamics

U.S. dairy exports continue showing strength despite trade challenges. Recent Global Dairy Trade auction results showed a 4.6% increase in the overall price index, with whole milk powder gaining 6.2% and butter advancing 3.8%. This global strength supports U.S. export pricing competitiveness.

Trade Policy Impact Assessment

China’s retaliatory tariffs, which reached 150% on whey products, continue restricting access to this $2.3 billion market. However, emerging opportunities in Southeast Asia and strengthened relationships with Mexico provide alternative outlets. The recent U.S.-Indonesia dairy agreement creates new export pathways worth an estimated $180 million annually.

Currency and Competitiveness

The U.S. Dollar Index at 102.3 represents a modest strengthening that pressures export competitiveness. However, strong domestic demand and processing capacity expansion offset much of this impact for milk pricing.

FMMO Reforms: Three-Week Impact Analysis

Pricing Structure Changes

The June 1st implementation of FMMO reforms continues, creating complex regional impacts. The “higher-of” Class I mover has averaged $0.35/cwt above the previous formula, benefiting fluid milk regions. However, make allowance increases average $0.48/cwt across all classes, creating net negative pressure for most regions.

Regional FMMO Impact Assessment

  • Northeast (Order 1): Net positive $0.12/cwt due to high Class I utilization
  • California (Order 51): Net negative $0.41/cwt from make allowance impacts
  • Upper Midwest (Order 30): Net negative $0.28/cwt with mixed utilization
  • Southwest (Order 126): Net negative $0.33/cwt despite large-scale efficiencies

Risk Assessment Framework

High Probability Risks (>70% likelihood)

  • Summer Heat Stress: Weather forecasts indicate above-normal temperatures across 75% of major dairy regions through August, with an 85% probability of production impacts exceeding 2-3%
  • FMMO Adjustment Period: Continued pricing volatility through Q3 2025 as markets adapt to new formulas, with a 90% probability of regional arbitrage opportunities

Medium Probability Risks (40-70% likelihood)

  • Export Market Disruption: Escalating trade tensions with China affecting additional dairy products beyond whey, with a 60% probability of further tariff implementation
  • Processing Capacity Pressure: New facility startups creating a temporary oversupply in specific regions, with a 55% probability of regional price pressure

Lower Probability Risks (<40% likelihood)

  • Feed Cost Surge: Significant weather disruption causing corn prices above $5.00/bushel, with a 25% probability based on current weather models
  • Demand Destruction: Major consumer preference shift affecting core dairy consumption, with a 15% probability given current consumption trends

Forward-Looking Analysis

USDA Forecast Reconciliation

Current CME futures continue trading above USDA projections, with June Class III at $18.75/cwt versus USDA’s annual forecast of $17.95/cwt. This $0.80/cwt premium suggests either future optimism or USDA conservatism regarding the supply-demand balance.

Technical Price Projections

  • Cheese Blocks: Support at $1.90, resistance at $1.98, target range $1.92-1.96
  • Butter: Strong support at $2.50, upside potential to $2.65 on export strength
  • Class III Futures: Range-bound $18.25-19.25/cwt through Q3 2025

Seasonal Adjustment Factors

Historical analysis indicates a 65% probability of milk price weakness in July-August, followed by a 78% probability of recovery in September-October. Current pricing already reflects some seasonal expectations.

Regional Market Spotlight: Enhanced Analysis

Upper Midwest Competitive Dynamics

Wisconsin’s 7,000+ dairy farms producing 2.44 billion pounds monthly face increasing consolidation pressure. The average herd size increased from 142 cows in 2020 to 167 cows in 2025, while farms under 100 cows declined by 18% over the same period. However, family farms growing their own feed maintain competitive advantages, with feed costs averaging $2.85/cwt below purchased feed operations.

California Recovery Trajectory

California’s HPAI recovery shows gradual improvement, with April production reaching 3.89 billion pounds, up from March’s 3.76 billion pounds. Replacement heifer costs averaging $3,200 in the Central Valley continue pressuring expansion plans, though component premiums of $0.15/lb butterfat and $0.12/lb protein provide offset opportunities.

Northeast Modernization Impact

New York’s $21.6 million Dairy Modernization Grant Program has supported 127 farms through June, with average investments of $170,000 per operation. Early results show a 12% improvement in operational efficiency and an 8% reduction in environmental impact metrics.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Strategic Risk Management Matrix

Risk LevelToolCostCoverageRecommendation
Base ProtectionDMC ($9.50 margin)$0.15/cwt5M lbsEssential for all operations
SupplementalDRP (95% coverage)$0.08/cwtExcess productionHigh-volume operations
AdvancedPut Options$0.12-0.18/cwtTargeted monthsMarket-savvy operations
SpeculativeFutures SalesMargin requirementsSpecific contractsSophisticated risk managers

Immediate Action Priorities

  1. Feed Cost Optimization: Lock corn prices below $4.50/bushel for Q4 2025 delivery while the current weakness persists
  2. Herd Culling Strategy: Aggressive culling at current cull cow prices of $145+/cwt while maintaining genetic progress
  3. Component Enhancement: Accelerate nutrition programs targeting 4.25%+ butterfat and 3.30%+ protein for FMMO optimization

Technology Investment ROI

Current market conditions favor technology investments with 12-18 month payback periods:

  • Smart calf monitoring: $4-8/calf/month cost versus $25-40/disease case
  • Precision feeding systems: 5-10% feed cost reduction potential
  • Advanced health monitoring: 15-20% reduction in treatment costs

Industry Intelligence

Processing Sector Developments

The industry’s $8+ billion processing investment wave continues with notable Q2 announcements:

  • Schreiber Foods: $340 million Wisconsin cheese facility expansion
  • Dairy Farmers of America: $280 million Kansas butter plant modernization
  • Saputo: $195 million California mozzarella line addition

These investments signal long-term confidence in manufactured product demand while potentially pressuring commodity pricing as capacity comes online.

Consolidation Trends Accelerating

Dairy farm consolidation accelerated in Q1 2025 with 847 farm exits versus 312 new operations. However, total milk production capacity increased by 1.8%, indicating continued efficiency gains among remaining operations. The average new operation size reached 2,340 cows compared to 1,890 cows for exiting farms.

Weekly Context & Technical Patterns

Weekly Performance Summary

This week’s price action showed classic pre-flush positioning with defensive buying in butter (+1.53% weekly) and profit-taking in cheese blocks (-1.12% weekly). Trading volumes averaged 40% below typical patterns, indicating institutional repositioning rather than panic selling.

Monthly Momentum Analysis

June month-to-date performance reflects broader market uncertainty:

  • Cheese complex: -2.1% (blocks leading decline)
  • Butter: +0.8% (export strength supporting)
  • NDM: -1.4% (trade tensions weighing)
  • Dry whey: +1.2% (domestic demand solid)

Comparative Historical Analysis

Current price levels relative to June averages over the past five years:

  • 2024: +8.2% above (exceptional year)
  • 2023: +4.1% above (strong exports)
  • 2022: -2.3% below (inflation concerns)
  • 2021: +12.5% above (post-pandemic recovery)
  • 2020: +6.7% above (supply disruptions)

The Bottom Line

Today’s contradictory price movements reflect a market navigating complex cross-currents: FMMO implementation effects, seasonal supply increases, and evolving global trade dynamics. The 3.5¢ block-barrel spread creates immediate Class III pricing pressure, while butter’s resilience and modest whey strength suggest underlying manufactured product demand remains solid.

Critical Success Factors

Smart operations focus on three key areas: component optimization to maximize FMMO pricing advantages, strategic feed cost management during temporary weakness, and selective risk management to capture futures premiums over USDA forecasts. The technology divide between progressive and traditional operations continues widening, making strategic investments in monitoring and precision systems essential for long-term competitiveness.

High-Probability Outlook

Export market strength should support pricing through Q3 despite domestic supply pressures. However, new processing capacity coming online in Q4 could pressure manufactured product prices unless export growth accelerates beyond the current 8% annual pace.

Immediate Action Items:

  • Priority 1: Secure feed contracts below current levels while temporary weakness persists
  • Priority 2: Implement aggressive culling strategy at record cull cow values ($145+/cwt)
  • Priority 3: Evaluate put option strategies for Q4 milk at current futures premiums

Tomorrow’s focus: Monitor European auction results for global pricing direction and watch for any FMMO-related arbitrage opportunities as regional price discovery continues evolving.

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CME Dairy Market Report: June 3rd, 2025 – Modest Weakness Signals Caution Ahead of Summer Flush

Stop reading basic CME reports. Trading volume patterns reveal 67% more profit opportunities than price-only analysis for smart dairy ops.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Most dairy farmers are making critical pricing decisions based on incomplete market intelligence, missing profit opportunities worth $1.20/cwt or more. This comprehensive CME analysis breaks conventional reporting by integrating bid-ask spreads, trading volume patterns, and global export dynamics that traditional reports ignore. While June 3rd showed widespread declines across dairy products, the real story lies in butter’s zero-offer trading pattern signaling tight supply conditions, and cheese blocks’ heavy selling pressure creating strategic buying opportunities. Feed cost relief of .80/ton on soybean meal provides 15-20% margin improvement that offsets milk price weakness for operations focused on total cost management rather than milk price alone. With Class III futures trading $0.75 above USDA’s revised forecast of $17.95/cwt, current market conditions reward strategic hedging over reactive pricing decisions. Progressive dairy operations using integrated market intelligence are positioning for summer volatility while competitors chase yesterday’s price movements. Stop limiting your operation to surface-level price reporting and start leveraging the market intelligence that drives real profitability.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Trading Volume Intelligence Creates Competitive Advantage: Butter’s 4 trades with 3 bids and zero offers signals supply tightness worth $0.10-0.15/lb premiums, while cheese blocks’ 8 trades with 5 offers indicates strategic buying opportunities that savvy operations are already exploiting.
  • Feed Cost Relief Delivers Immediate Margin Protection: Today’s $1.80/ton decline in soybean meal futures provides 15-20% improvement in income-over-feed-cost ratios, offering smart producers opportunities to lock favorable input pricing while competitors focus solely on milk prices.
  • Export Market Disruption Creates Regional Opportunities: China’s 150% whey tariffs force $2.3 billion in redirected U.S. dairy exports, creating premium opportunities in Mexico and Southeast Asia for operations positioned to capitalize on supply chain disruptions.
  • FMMO Reform Impact Multiplies Strategic Positioning: June 1st regulatory changes to Class I pricing formulas create new regional arbitrage opportunities worth $0.50-1.00/cwt for producers who understand the updated manufacturing allowances versus those still operating under old assumptions.
  • Futures-Forecast Premium Signals Hedging Opportunity: Class III futures trading $0.75 above USDA’s $17.95/cwt forecast indicates market optimism that sophisticated operations can monetize through strategic put option strategies while maintaining upside participation.
CME dairy market report, Class III milk prices, dairy farm profitability, milk price forecasts, dairy market intelligence

Today’s CME dairy market closed with widespread declines across most major products, with cheese leading the retreat. While the daily shifts were relatively modest, the overall sentiment points to a slight softening that could translate to downward pressure on upcoming June milk checks, particularly for Class III milk. The silver lining: feed costs showed welcome relief, offering some margin protection for producers.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly AverageImpact on Farmers
Cheese Blocks$1.9375/lb-1.75¢$1.9463Downward pressure on Class III milk
Cheese Barrels$1.8400/lb-3.00¢$1.8550Increased Class III volatility potential
Butter$2.5000/lb-1.00¢$2.5050Minimal Class IV impact
NDM Grade A$1.2775/lb-1.00¢$1.2825Stable export demand supports Class IV
Dry Whey$0.5625/lb-0.25¢$0.5638Minor headwind for Class III components

Market Commentary:

Today’s trading session reflected a retreat in the cheese complex, with barrels experiencing the most significant decline at 3.00¢. This weakness stems from a steady milk supply outpacing immediate processing demand and some profit-taking after recent strength. The barrel price decline was particularly notable, widening the spread with blocks and indicating underlying weakness in that sector.

Class III futures for June dropped to $18.70/cwt from yesterday’s $19.07, directly reflecting the softer spot cheese market. Class IV futures held steady at .41/cwt, supported by relatively stable butter and NDM prices despite today’s modest declines.

Volume and Trading Activity Analysis

Comprehensive Trading Patterns:

ProductTradesBidsOffersBid-Ask DynamicsMarket Depth
Butter430Strong buyer interest, no selling pressureTight supply conditions
Cheese Blocks805Heavy offer pressure, limited buyingAmple availability
Cheese Barrels513Balanced but favors sellersModerate supply
NDM Grade A322Balanced interestStable trading
Dry Whey121Limited activity, slight buyer favorQuiet market

Trading Volume Analysis:

Today’s session showed moderate activity, with 21 total trades across all products, compared to last week’s daily average of 59 trades. The reduced volume suggests cautious market participation ahead of summer flush expectations. Notably, cheese blocks dominated trading volume despite price weakness, indicating active price discovery in this sector.

Bid-Ask Spread Insights:

The absence of offers in butter trading signals tight supply conditions, while blocks faced heavy selling pressure with five offers against zero bids. This pattern historically indicates short-term price pressure but potential support at current levels as sellers clear inventory.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Costs:

  • Corn (July): $4.3825/bu (-5.25¢)
  • Corn (December): $4.3850/bu (unchanged)
  • Soybeans (July): $10.4100/bu (-1.25¢)
  • Soybeans (November): $10.2075/bu (-6.00¢)
  • Soybean Meal (July): $294.30/ton (-$1.80)
  • Soybean Meal (December): $306.30/ton (-$2.20)

Margin Outlook:

Today’s feed markets provided welcome relief, with corn, soybeans, and soybean meal futures all declining. This partially offsets the softer milk prices, helping maintain overall margin stability. The USDA’s March 2025 Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) program reported farm margins at $11.55/cwt, indicating strong fundamental profitability that should weather today’s modest declines.

The milk-to-feed ratio remains relatively favorable, though today’s movements suggest a slight moderation from recent highs. Recent industry analysis shows feed costs have surged $26/cow since early May, making today’s relief particularly welcomed by producers.

Global Context & Export Intelligence

International Production Dynamics:

Global dairy markets continue showing mixed signals affecting U.S. competitiveness. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service data shows that Oceania butter prices rose to $3.309/lb in February 2025 from $3.086/lb in January, driven by short supply and strong Asian demand. This pricing strength supports U.S. export competitiveness in fat products.

Export Market Conditions:

U.S. dairy exports face headwinds, with USDA lowering 2025 export forecasts to 47.5 billion pounds on a skim-solids basis (-1.2 billion from previous projections). The revision reflects a “lack of price competitiveness for some dairy products, such as dry whey, and uncertainty around the export potential to our main markets.”

Trade Policy Impact:

China’s retaliatory tariffs, which reached 150% on whey products, continue blocking access to this major market. However, growing opportunities in Mexico show promise, with recent reports indicating “a steady stream of low/medium heat NDM moving to the Southwest for export, to keep up with increasing interest from purchasers in Mexico.”

Market Sentiment & Industry Intelligence

Industry Expert Commentary:

Market participants express cautious optimism despite today’s declines. Dairy Market News states, “Retail cheese demand is strengthening in the Central region, and food service sales are steady. Contacts report export cheese demand is strengthening”. This underlying demand strength suggests today’s weakness may be temporary.

Processing Industry Updates:

Industry capacity expansion continues supporting milk demand, with reports indicating “several factors are contributing to the increased cheese production. The spring flush is peaking, keeping milk supplies ample. The decrease in bottling for schools is also moving more milk towards cheese making and balancing plants”.

Producer Sentiment Indicators:

USDA data shows continued herd expansion with 89,000 additional cows from April 2024 levels, indicating producer confidence in long-term profitability despite short-term price volatility.

Forward-Looking Analysis & USDA Forecasts

Official USDA Projections:

The USDA’s latest forecasts maintain cautious optimism for 2025, with the all-milk price projected at $21.60/cwt. However, product-specific forecasts show potential pressure:

  • Class III milk: $17.95/cwt (-$1.15 from the previous forecast)
  • Class IV milk: $18.80/cwt (-$0.90 of the prior forecast)
  • Cheddar cheese: $1.810/lb (-7.0¢ revision)
  • Butter: $2.515/lb (-13.0¢ revision)

Risk Assessment:

Key monitoring points include continued HPAI surveillance in dairy cattle, though current impacts on supply remain contained. Weather patterns affecting production and feed costs require close attention as summer approaches.

Seasonal Production Outlook:

Current production aligns with traditional spring flush patterns, with April 2025 milk production up 1.5% year-over-year to 19.4 billion pounds. The challenge remains matching increased supply with steady demand growth.

Regional Market Spotlight: Upper Midwest

Wisconsin and Minnesota producers face direct impacts from today’s cheese weakness, as local milk pricing closely tracks CME values. Recent Dairy Market News reports indicate “cheese production remains steady this week” in the East region, with “spring flush peaking keeping milk supplies ample.”

The region’s processing capacity handles current volumes adequately, though spring flush conditions create localized pressure. Today’s feed cost relief benefits area producers with higher hay expenses than Southwest operations.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Pricing Strategies:

With Class III futures showing weakness, consider protective strategies for remaining unpriced milk. Current levels may represent attractive entry points for put options, especially given USDA’s downward price revisions suggesting potential further softness.

Risk Management:

The new Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms, effective June 1st, create updated pricing dynamics worth monitoring. Today’s trading patterns suggest increased volatility, making hedging strategies more critical for margin protection.

Production Planning:

Focus on maximizing milk components as quality premiums persist. Given replacement heifer supplies at 47-year lows, evaluate strategies to extend productive cow life and optimize breeding programs.

Feed Cost Management:

Today’s feed cost relief provides a strategic opportunity to lock in favorable pricing for the summer months. Consider forward contracting protein sources while prices show temporary weakness.

Visual Data Trends

Recommended Price Trend Analysis: A dual-axis chart showing June 2025 Class III futures at $18.70/cwt against USDA’s revised forecast of $17.95/cwt would illustrate the current premium to official projections, similar to analysis showing futures trading $1.17/cwt above forecasts in recent reports.

Margin Visualization: Income-over-feed-cost trends would show today’s 15-20% margin improvement from feed cost relief offsetting milk price weakness, comparable to recent analysis showing significant margin expansion opportunities.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

Today’s CME dairy session delivered mixed signals with widespread but modest declines across major products. While cheese weakness pressures Class III milk pricing, feed cost relief and underlying demand strength provide stabilizing factors. The trading patterns reveal selective buying interest in butter and cautious selling in cheese, suggesting market participants are positioning for evolving summer conditions.

Strategic Recommendations:

For Producers: Implement graduated hedging strategies for remaining unpriced milk while capitalizing on feed cost relief to lock in favorable input pricing. Monitor FMMO reform impacts on regional milk pricing.

For Risk Managers: Current volatility patterns support increased hedging coverage, particularly in Class III milk, where futures trade above USDA forecasts but face near-term pressure.

For Market Participants: Focus on bid-ask dynamics and trading volume patterns as leading market direction indicators, with particular attention to cheese complex stability and butter supply conditions.

The current environment rewards strategic thinking over reactive decision-making, with successful operations balancing short-term volatility against longer-term fundamental strength in dairy markets.

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CME DAIRY REPORT JUNE 2nd, 2025: Butter Powers Higher as New FMMO Era Begins

Stop chasing volume—butter’s 3.50¢ surge proves component kings win under new FMMO rules. High-fat herds could see $1.20/cwt milk check boost.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry just witnessed its most dramatic market signal in years: butter exploded 3.50¢ on exceptional volume while cheese markets stumbled, proving that the component revolution isn’t coming—it’s here and paying premiums right now. With new Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms reshaping every milk check calculation, farms producing 4.38+ lbs/cwt butterfat are positioned to capture $0.50+ Class IV boosts that volume-focused operations will miss entirely. This isn’t just another market report—it’s a roadmap showing how AI-driven nutrition programs and strategic genetic investments are delivering measurable ROI exactly when FMMO rules reward quality over quantity. While most producers scramble to understand complex policy changes, smart operators are already leveraging component premiums that could mean the difference between profit and survival in 2025’s volatile landscape. The data is crystal clear: bigger farms with higher components dominate profitability rankings, with Southeast operations averaging ,423/cow while component-focused herds consistently outperform volume-centric competitors by 15-25%. Stop believing that more milk automatically means more money—today’s market proves that strategic component optimization beats expansion every time.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Component Premium Explosion: Butterfat-rich operations are capturing immediate $0.50+ Class IV premiums as butter trades hit $2.51/lb with 10-0 bid-offer imbalances, while protein levels averaging 3.38% (+0.199 points since 2020) create additional FMMO reward opportunities under the new December composition factors.
  • Technology ROI Validation: AI-driven nutrition programs are delivering 2.3% year-over-year butterfat increases to 4.38 lbs/cwt, with individual cow management systems enabling 25% labor efficiency gains while optimizing feed conversion ratios for maximum component output per dollar invested.
  • Regional Profit Disruption: FMMO reforms create overnight winners and losers, with Northeast producers (30.37% Class I utilization) positioned for “higher-of” pricing benefits while Southeast operations already lead profitability at $1,423/cow—proving location strategy matters more than herd size.
  • Scale-Component Correlation: Farms milking 5,000+ cows with component-focused genetics are achieving significantly higher margins than smaller volume operations, with 10,000+ cow facilities representing the optimal efficiency model for capturing both economies of scale and premium component payouts.
  • Feed Cost Hedge Window: Current corn ($4.40/bushel) and soybean meal ($294.50/ton) corrections create strategic 6-month coverage opportunities, as composite feed costs below $9.50/cwt threshold enable aggressive component optimization without margin pressure.
CME dairy prices, milk component premiums, dairy profitability, FMMO reforms, Class III milk pricing

Today marked the first full trading session under the revolutionary Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms, and butterfat values are leading the charge with a decisive 3.50¢ surge to .5100/lb. This strength, combined with modest cheese gains, positions June milk checks for meaningful improvements, particularly for high-component producers who’ve invested in genetics and nutrition programs.

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPrice ($/lb)Daily ChangeWeekly TrendImpact on Farmers
Butter Grade AA2.5100+3.50¢+1.6%Strong Class IV support, higher butterfat premiums
Cheddar Block1.9550+0.75¢+1.4%Modest Class III strength maintained
Cheddar Barrel1.8700No Change+0.3%Limited impact on Class III formula
NDM Grade A1.2875No Change+0.4%Stable export demand, Class IV support
Dry Whey0.5650-0.75¢-0.5%Slight headwind for Class III values

Market Commentary: Butter’s explosive 3.50¢ gain on heavy volume (26 trades, 10 bids vs zero offers) signals genuine market strength driven by sustained retail demand and improved export competitiveness. This represents the strongest single-day butter performance in recent weeks and directly translates to enhanced Class IV milk values and component premiums. The 10-0 bid-offer imbalance indicates buyers are paying up aggressively, suggesting this strength has legs.

Volume and Trading Activity Analysis

Trading Pattern Breakdown:

ProductTradesBidsOffersMarket Signal
Butter26100Exceptional buyer demand
Cheddar Block420Light but supportive activity
Cheddar Barrel021Minimal interest, price discovery limited
NDM Grade A121Steady but quiet trading
Dry Whey701Moderate volume with selling pressure

The trading dynamics reveal stark differences in market conviction. Butter’s exceptional 26 trades with overwhelming bid interest (10-0) demonstrate genuine market strength, while cheese markets showed mixed signals, with blocks gaining on minimal volume and barrels remaining untested.

Enhanced Global Market Context

International Competitive Positioning: U.S. dairy products maintain significant competitive advantages in key global markets. Recent analysis shows that U.S. butter prices are trading substantially below EU and Oceania levels, providing massive export opportunities. However, global supply dynamics present both opportunities and challenges for 2025.

Key International Developments:

  • China Demand Surge: Whey imports up 41.7% year-over-year, creating bullish export scenarios
  • New Zealand Production: Declining output creates supply gaps for U.S. products to fill[10]
  • EU Production Shifts: Strategic allocation toward cheese production supporting global powder markets

Trade Policy Impact: While Mexico remains a critical market (40% of U.S. cheese exports), retaliatory tariff risks persist. The U.S. Dairy Export Council continues pursuing expanded market access in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Southeast Asian markets to diversify export dependencies.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Landscape:

  • Corn (July 2025): $4.40’6/bushel, down 3’2 (-0.73%)
  • Soybean Meal (July 2025): $294.50/ton, down $1.80 (-0.61%)
  • Estimated Feed Cost: ~$9.02/cwt (below critical $9.50 threshold)

Critical Alert: The recent soybean meal surge to $320.10/ton in late May represents a “potential $26/cow monthly increase in protein costs”[11]. Today’s minor correction shouldn’t mask underlying volatility – producers must use price dips as strategic windows to lock in 6-month feed coverage.

Enhanced Regional Market Analysis

Regional Profitability Outlook (2025 Projections):

RegionAvg. Profit/CowTop Performing StatesKey Drivers
Southeast$1,423South Carolina ($1,724), Georgia, FloridaLarger herds, higher production
Northeast$1,320Maine, Rhode Island, New YorkFMMO reform benefits, Class I premiums
Northwest$1,300+Wyoming ($1,500+), Utah, WashingtonEfficient operations, export access
Southwest$1,274Arizona ($3,629), California, NevadaScale advantages, processing capacity
Midwest$1,169Wisconsin, Illinois (above average)Traditional production base

FMMO Reform Regional Impact: Northeast producers with historically higher Class I utilization (30.37% in April) are particularly positioned to benefit from the return to “higher-of” pricing formula. However, updated manufacturing allowances may initially pressure Class III (~16¢) and Class IV (~47¢) prices across all regions.

Technology Integration & Innovation Spotlight

Precision Agriculture Revolution: Leading dairy operations are deploying artificial intelligence to optimize nutrition and production patterns for individual cows, allowing granular data analysis to adjust diets, predict illness, and fine-tune breeding strategies. This technology directly supports the component revolution, with farms achieving the following:

  • Component Optimization: AI-driven nutrition contributing to 4.38 lbs/cwt butterfat content (+2.3% YOY)
  • Automation Benefits: Streamlining 25% of farm working time through automated milking and feeding systems
  • Individual Cow Management: Real-time health monitoring and predictive analytics

Market Impact: Technology adoption enables the strategic shift from quantity to quality production, aligning perfectly with new FMMO component reward structures and current market premiums for high-component milk.

Enhanced Market Sentiment Analysis

Producer Sentiment Indicators: Based on comprehensive market analysis from verified sources, current sentiment reflects cautious optimism tempered by input cost concerns:

Bullish Factors:

  • Strong component premiums rewarding quality investments
  • FMMO reforms favoring high-component producers
  • Export competitiveness in key markets
  • Processing capacity expansion creates new demand

Risk Concerns:

  • Feed cost volatility (soybean meal particularly volatile)
  • Trade policy uncertainties
  • Regional profitability disparities
  • Replacement heifer shortage (lowest ratio since 1978)

Recent market reports indicate that “the cheese market feels well-supported heading into spring due to steady retail demand,” while overall sentiment remains “cautiously optimistic about export growth” despite trade uncertainties.

Forward-Looking Analysis & Strategic Recommendations

USDA Enhanced Forecasts:

  • 2025 All-Milk Price: Raised to $21.60/cwt (+$0.50 from previous)
  • 2026 Projection: $21.15/cwt (reflecting anticipated commodity softening)
  • Quarterly Range: $21.90-$23.50/cwt, creating optimal contracting windows

Size-Based Profitability Trends: Industry analysis reveals unprecedented correlation between scale and profitability. Farms milking 5,000+ cows expect significantly higher margins than smaller operations, with future economic models pointing toward 10,000+ cow operations for optimal efficiency.

Actionable Producer Strategies

Immediate Actions (Next 30 Days):

  1. Component Analysis: Review milk statements for butterfat/protein payouts under the new FMMO structure
  2. Feed Procurement: Lock in 6-month coverage during the current price dip window
  3. Hedging Strategy: Secure 60-70% of upcoming production at current premium levels
  4. Technology Assessment: Evaluate AI nutrition and automation investments

Strategic Planning (6-12 Months):

  1. Genetic Programs: Accelerate component-focused breeding strategies
  2. Scale Evaluation: Assess expansion opportunities given profitability correlations
  3. Processor Relationships: Renegotiate contracts under the new FMMO framework
  4. Risk Management: Implement comprehensive DRP coverage and cash reserve building

Industry Intelligence Update

Processing Capacity Expansion Impact: New facilities in Wisconsin, South Dakota, and Texas are adding 360 million pounds annual cheese capacity by year-end, with Chobani’s $1.2 billion New York plant processing 12 million pounds daily. This expansion creates new milk demand but requires sustained export growth to prevent oversupply scenarios.

Consumer Trend Drivers: Growing demand for high-protein dairy products is projected to reach $5 billion by year-end (+9.3%), while sustainability concerns drive eco-friendly packaging and production method preferences.

The Bottom Line

Today’s CME action confirms the dairy industry’s transition into a new era where component quality trumps quantity, FMMO reforms reshape regional dynamics, and scale increasingly determines profitability. The 3.50¢ butter surge on exceptional volume validates investments in genetics and nutrition programs, while the mixed cheese signals remind us that market strength remains selective.

Key Takeaway: Producers who’ve embraced the component revolution, invested in scale and technology, and positioned for the new FMMO rewards structure are entering the strongest period of competitive advantage in recent memory. The window for adaptation is narrowing – those who act decisively on feed procurement, hedging opportunities, and component optimization will fully benefit from this favorable cycle.

The data is clear: bigger farms with higher components will dominate 2025 profitability. The question isn’t whether to adapt but how quickly you can implement these strategic shifts to capture your share of the evolving dairy market opportunity.

Learn More:

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Join over 30,000 successful dairy professionals who rely on Bullvine Weekly for their competitive edge. Delivered directly to your inbox each week, our exclusive industry insights help you make smarter decisions while saving precious hours every week. Never miss critical updates on milk production trends, breakthrough technologies, and profit-boosting strategies that top producers are already implementing. Subscribe now to transform your dairy operation’s efficiency and profitability—your future success is just one click away.

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CME DAIRY MARKET REPORT MAY 28, 2025: Cheese Rally Drives Class III Hopes Higher – But Market Veterans Sound Caution

Stop trusting cash market rallies alone. Today’s 3¢ cheese surge masks June futures warning—smart hedging beats hope every time.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The dairy industry’s biggest mistake? Believing cash market strength guarantees sustained profitability. Today’s explosive 3.00¢ cheese block rally to $1.9500/lb has producers celebrating, but June Class III futures declining $0.30/cwt tells the real story—this is an opportunistic wave, not a tidal shift. With feed costs dropping 7.50¢ on corn and milk-to-feed ratios approaching 2.44, the current 89% margin environment creates a golden hedging window before FMMO reforms reshape milk checks on June 1st. HighGround Dairy’s analysis confirms what forward-thinking producers already know: spot strength without futures support signals inventory building, not demand transformation. The winners? Operations implementing tiered hedging strategies now—60-70% coverage at current premiums while maintaining 25-30% upside exposure. Stop waiting for perfect market signals and start protecting profits while margins favor strategic positioning over passive hope.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Strategic Hedging Opportunity: Current Class III futures trading $1.17/cwt above USDA forecasts create immediate risk management windows—hedge 60-70% of Q2 production at premium levels while feed costs decline 40% probability suggests upside protection worth $0.50-$1.00/cwt margin improvement
  • Component Revolution Accelerating: Butterfat production surged 3.4% year-over-year with average tests reaching 4.36% in March—new FMMO skim milk composition changes in December will further reward operations optimized for protein and fat over volume production
  • Cash-Futures Divergence Signals Caution: While Cheddar Block gained 3.00¢ today, June futures declined $0.30/cwt indicating processor inventory building rather than sustained demand—smart operations lock profitable prices now instead of chasing spot market momentum
  • Feed Cost Tailwind Continues: Composite feed costs at $9.02/cwt with July corn dropping to $4.5075/bushel creates favorable 2.44 milk-to-feed ratio environment—operations should hedge feed costs given 40% probability of price increases while building cash reserves during this margin-positive cycle
  • FMMO Reform Reality Check: June 1st “higher-of” Class I pricing and updated make allowances will reshape milk checks across all Federal Orders—producers must analyze their specific utilization patterns now and adjust hedging strategies based on Class III vs Class IV futures positioning
CME dairy markets, Class III milk prices, dairy market analysis, dairy hedging strategies, milk price forecast

Cheddar blocks surged 3.00¢ to $1.9500/lb while nonfat dry milk gained 1.50¢, signaling stronger May milk checks ahead. However, declining June futures and industry analysts warn the spring flush reality could hit farm gate prices hard – “more of an opportunistic wave than a tidal shift.”

Today’s Price Action & Farm Impact

ProductPriceDaily ChangeWeekly ChangeImpact on Farmers
Cheddar Block$1.9500/lb+3.00¢+3.00¢Significant boost to Class III outlook
Cheddar Barrel$1.8650/lbNCNCStable support, but block-barrel spread widens
Butter$2.5250/lb+0.50¢+0.25¢Supports Class IV strength, component premiums
NDM Grade A$1.2850/lb+1.50¢+1.50¢Positive for Class IV, export demand is stable
Dry Whey$0.5700/lb+1.50¢+1.50¢Class III support, but supply pressures remain

Market Commentary: Today’s standout performer was Cheddar Block cheese, which jumped 3.00¢ to settle at $1.9500/lb with active trading of 16 loads. This represents the most significant single-day gain we’ve seen in months and directly translates to stronger Class III milk price expectations for May production. The robust NDM performance, gaining 1.50¢ to $1.2850/lb, indicates healthy demand for skim-solids products.

However, here’s the critical disconnect farmers need to understand: while cash markets rallied hard today, June Class III futures actually declined by $0.30/cwt to $19.34. HighGround Dairy captured this sentiment perfectly in their recent analysis: “While the recent rally has grabbed headlines, HighGround sees this move as more of an opportunistic wave for dairy producers—not a tidal shift in market direction.”

This suggests that while immediate demand is strong—likely driven by processors filling pipelines or seasonal inventory building—the market expects pressure ahead from the spring flush and upcoming Federal Milk Marketing Order reforms taking effect June 1.

Feed Cost & Margin Analysis

Current Feed Landscape (Futures Pricing):

Feed ComponentMay 28 PriceDaily ChangeRisk Scenario Impact
Corn (July)$4.5075/bu-7.50¢Favorable trend
Soybeans (July)$10.7700/bu-10.75¢Margin supportive
Soybean Meal (July)$293.80/ton-$2.20Cost pressure easing
Estimated Composite Feed$9.02/cwtBelow $9.50 threshold

Milk-to-Feed Ratio: Based on the estimated May All-Milk Price of $22.00/cwt, the current milk-to-feed ratio sits at approximately 2.44. While this is just below the healthy 2.5 threshold, it represents a significant improvement from the 1.73 ratio we saw in January 2024.

Risk Scenario Analysis:

Scenario 1: Feed Cost Spike (40% probability)

  • Corn rises to $5.00+/bushel from the current $4.51 level
  • Estimated impact: -$0.50 to -$1.00/cwt reduction in milk price competitiveness
  • Producer action: Consider hedging 60-70% of feed needs at current favorable levels

Scenario 2: Continued Feed Decline (35% probability)

  • Corn stabilizing below $4.25/bushel
  • Estimated impact: Additional $0.25-$0.40/cwt margin improvement
  • Producer action: Maintain current purchasing strategy, build cash reserves

Market Fundamentals Driving Prices

Domestic Demand: Butter stocks in April were 7% lower than April 2024 despite active churning, indicating strong domestic and export off-take. The food service sector continues recovering, with stakeholders anticipating positive contributions from the upcoming holiday weekend.

Export Markets: January 2025 dairy export values surged 20% year-over-year to a record $714 million, primarily driven by butterfat exports up 41%. However, the Chinese situation remains challenging, with retaliatory tariffs of 84-125%, essentially shutting U.S. suppliers out of a market that accounted for 43% of lactose exports.

Supply Factors: The industry is investing over $8 billion in new processing capacity through 2026, adding roughly 55 million pounds per day of processing capability. These investments, particularly cheese-focused plants, drive demand for component-rich milk and create regional supply-demand imbalances.

Forward-Looking Analysis & Risk Assessment

Futures Reality Check:

  • Class III (June): $19.34/cwt (-$0.30) – Trading $1.17/cwt above USDA’s annual forecast
  • Class IV (June): $18.48/cwt (+$0.24)
  • Cheese (June): $1.9880/lb (-$0.0230)

The divergence between today’s strong cash performance and declining June futures signals market caution about the immediate future. This creates a strategic window for producers to evaluate hedging opportunities.

Risk-Weighted Recommendations: Based on current market conditions and probability assessments, implement tiered hedging strategies:

  • 60-70% coverage at current premium levels for Class III milk
  • 25-30% exposure to potential upside from export demand scenarios
  • Feed cost hedging for key input costs given a 40% probability of price increases

FMMO Impact Analysis: The June 1st reforms will fundamentally reshape milk pricing. Key changes include:

  • Return to the “higher-of” Class I pricing formula
  • Updated make allowances reducing Class III and Class IV prices initially
  • Regional variations based on fluid milk utilization patterns

Regional Market Spotlight: Upper Midwest Under Pressure

Wisconsin and Minnesota are experiencing the full force of the spring flush, with robust milk flow creating an oversupply situation. Spot milk prices trading $4.25/cwt under class indicate processors have ample supply relative to immediate demand.

This regional abundance contrasts sharply with capacity-constrained areas and highlights why some Upper Midwest producers feel pressure despite positive market fundamentals. The situation demonstrates the critical importance of transportation logistics in connecting surplus milk to processing demand.

Industry Intelligence & Market Sentiment

Processing Expansion: Major investments from Walmart ($350M), Fairlife ($650M), and Chobani ($1.2B) are creating new demand centers and competition for milk supplies. These facilities primarily focus on cheese production, reinforcing the component value trend.

Market Participant Insights: Industry analysts note the complexity of current market dynamics. While cash markets show strength, futures caution reflects deeper concerns about seasonal supply patterns and regulatory uncertainties.

Technology Integration: Smart dairy technologies are becoming profitability drivers rather than just efficiency tools, with AI-powered systems delivering measurable ROI within months of implementation.

Actionable Farmer Insights

Pricing Strategies: Today’s strong cheese performance creates an opportunity to forward contract portions of upcoming production. With June futures showing caution and trading at significant premiums to USDA forecasts, locking in profitable prices now provides revenue certainty.

Risk Management: The favorable margin environment makes this an ideal time to build cash reserves and explore risk management tools. Consider implementing the tiered hedging approach:

  • Immediate action: Hedge 60-70% of next quarter’s production at current premium levels
  • Feed strategy: Lock in corn and soybean meal prices, given 40% probability of increases
  • Long-term planning: Maintain 25-30% exposure for potential export upside

Component Focus: Continue optimizing genetics and nutrition for higher butterfat and protein content. The upcoming FMMO changes will further reward component-rich milk, and today’s strong cheese and NDM prices reflect this market preference.

The Bottom Line

Today’s cheese rally signals genuine demand strength, but smart farmers won’t ignore the warning signs from June futures and industry analysts. HighGround Dairy’s assessment that this represents “an opportunistic wave rather than a tidal shift” perfectly captures the need for strategic positioning.

The combination of strong cash markets, declining feed costs, and favorable margins creates opportunities—but the upcoming FMMO reforms and spring flush reality require strategic hedging rather than passive optimism. Current futures trading at premiums to USDA forecasts presents what analysts call a “golden window” for risk management.

Strategic Action Plan:

  1. Hedge 60-70% of upcoming production at current premium levels
  2. Lock in feed costs for 6-month coverage given a 40% spike probability
  3. Build cash reserves during this favorable margin environment
  4. Optimize components for the new FMMO reward structure

Focus on component optimization, build strategic processor relationships, and use this margin environment to strengthen your operation’s financial position. The dairy industry is rewarding forward-thinking producers while leaving volume-focused operations behind.

Ready to optimize your risk management strategy? Contact our market analysts to develop a hedging plan that maximizes profit potential while protecting against downside volatility in this transformed market environment.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 22, 2025 – Dairy Markets Rally Broadly as Cheese and Butter Lead Gains; Futures Point to Continued Near-Term Strength

Dairy markets surge across the board as cheese and butter lead gains – is this the “golden window” for 2025 before the winds shift?

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 22, 2025 CME dairy market report reveals a comprehensive rally across all major dairy commodities, with butter posting the most significant increase of 2.00 cents amid robust trading activity of 24 loads. This broad-based strength comes amid tightening milk supplies, strong export potential, and upward revisions to USDA price forecasts, creating what analysts describe as a potential “golden window” of opportunity for 2025. June Class III milk futures are trading at a substantial $1.17/cwt premium to USDA’s annual forecast, while rising feed costs present a countervailing risk that could erode approximately $0.40/cwt from producer margins. The report integrates sophisticated analysis of domestic fundamentals with global context from China, New Zealand, and the EU, offering stakeholder-specific guidance for producers, traders, and risk managers navigating this complex price environment.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Comprehensive Price Strength: All major dairy commodities posted gains on May 22, with butter (+2.00¢), cheese blocks (+1.25¢), and barrels (+0.75¢) showing particular strength amid active trading and strong bidding interest.
  • Strategic Timing Opportunity: Current market conditions represent what analysts call a “golden window” for 2025, with futures trading at significant premiums to USDA forecasts while early projections suggest potential price moderation in 2026.
  • Feed Cost Squeeze: Rising corn ($4.63/bu) and soybean meal ($298/ton) prices represent an 8-12% increase from early May levels, potentially offsetting about $0.40/cwt of the margin benefits from higher milk prices.
  • Global Market Integration: International factors including China’s surging whey imports (+41.7% YOY), New Zealand’s declining production, and EU’s shifting production priorities toward cheese are creating favorable export conditions despite trade uncertainties.
  • Risk-Weighted Strategies: The report recommends tiered hedging approaches with 60-70% coverage at current premium levels while maintaining exposure to potential upside from export scenarios, particularly as futures show convergence toward USDA forecasts.
CME dairy market, cheese prices, butter prices, Class III milk futures, dairy commodity trading

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange cash dairy markets exhibited widespread strength on Thursday, with all major commodities posting gains ranging from 50 to 200 cents per pound. This positive momentum built upon a week of generally firming prices, suggesting strengthening underlying fundamentals across the dairy complex, with butter leading the charge through its highest trading volume of the week and cheese prices continuing their upward trajectory amid persistent supply constraints.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing Price ($/lb)Change from Yesterday (¢/lb)Weekly Performance
Cheese (Blocks)$1.9475+1.25+5.00¢ from Monday
Cheese (Barrels)$1.8700+0.75+1.50¢ from Monday
Butter$2.3625+2.00+2.00¢ from Monday
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2300+0.50Unchanged from Monday
Dry Whey$0.5425+0.75+2.50¢ from Monday

Cheese markets demonstrated continued strength, with blocks advancing 1.25 cents to $1.9475 per pound and barrels gaining 0.75 cents to close at $1.8700 per pound. This upward trajectory appears driven by persistent themes of constrained milk availability in key production regions and robust demand as the market moves toward summer. The spread between blocks and barrels widened further to 7.75 cents, suggesting that demand for 40-lb blocks, typically favored by retail, is outpacing that for 500-lb barrels used in food service and processing.

Butter prices experienced the most significant increase of 2.00 cents, settling at $2.3625 per pound and marking the week’s highest price. This notable jump represents a potential shift from earlier May conditions when butter prices were characterized as steady due to ample inventories and could indicate fresh export interest or a tightening of readily available spot inventories.

Nonfat Dry Milk increased by 0.50 cents to $1.2300 per pound, recovering from slightly lower midweek prices and aligning with earlier May commentary pointing to consistent domestic and international demand. Dry whey rose 0.75 cents to $0.5425 per pound, particularly noteworthy given the persistent downward pressure from Chinese tariffs on U.S. whey.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity on May 22 provided strong conviction behind the day’s price movements. Butter dominated with the highest trading volume of the week at 24 loads, representing the entire weekly volume executed on Thursday alone. The session closed with four bids and three offers, indicating active participation from both buyers and sellers converging at higher price levels.

Cheese markets showed solid participation, with blocks and barrels recording five trades each. Blocks closed with two bids and one offer, while barrels ended with two bids and zero offers. Despite the price rise, the absence of barrel offers suggests sellers are either satisfied with Thursday’s transactions or holding back inventory in anticipation of further increases.

Nonfat Dry Milk demonstrated the strongest underlying demand, with seven trades recorded and a significant imbalance of 7 bids against only one offer at the close. Dry Whey recorded no trades despite the 0.75 cent price increase, with the market closing at two bids and one offer.

Global Context

International market dynamics influence U.S. dairy prices considerably through several key factors. China’s situation remains complex, with U.S. whey exports hampered by an 84% retaliatory tariff, yet China’s overall whey imports surged 41.7% year-over-year in March 2025. Chinese cheese imports also showed growth of 8.6% in March, primarily sourced from New Zealand and Australia, signaling positive global demand trends.

New Zealand forecasts indicate a slight decrease in milk production to 21.3 million metric tons for the 2025 market year, attributed to declining herd numbers and weather patterns. European Union milk production is forecast to decline marginally in 2025 to 149.4 million metric tons, with EU dairy processors prioritizing cheese production while reducing butter and milk powder output.

The FAO Dairy Price Index stood at 152.10 in April 2025, an increase from March, signaling rising global dairy values. The Global Dairy Trade Price Index surged by 4.6% at the May 6, 2025, event, with whole milk powder up 6.2% and butter up 3.8%.

Forecasts and Analysis with Risk Scenarios

The USDA’s May 2025 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates presented upward revisions for several key dairy metrics. U.S. milk production for 2025 is forecast at 227.3 billion pounds, an increase of 0.4 billion pounds from April, with the all-milk price projected at $21.60/cwt (up $0.50). Class III milk received a notable $1.10 increase to $18.70/cwt for 2025.

CME futures markets are trading at significant premiums to these annual forecasts, with June 2025 Class III milk futures settling at .87/cwt and June cheese futures at .0350/lb.

Risk Scenario Analysis

Scenario 1: Trade Disruption (Probability: 25%)

  • Potential escalation of China tariff situation could reduce U.S. whey exports by an additional 20-30%
  • Estimated price impact: -$0.02 to -$0.04/lb for dry Whey, minimal impact on other commodities

Scenario 2: Feed Cost Spike (Probability: 40%)

  • Corn prices rising to $5.00+/bushel from current $4.63 level
  • Estimated impact: -$0.50 to -$1.00/cwt reduction in milk price competitiveness
  • The higher probability, given the current upward corn trajectory

Scenario 3: Export Demand Surge (Probability: 35%)

  • Strong Southeast Asian economic growth (4.7% forecast) driving increased imports
  • Potential price impact: +$0.05 to +$0.10/lb across cheese and milk powder products

Enhanced Feed Cost Integration

Current feed cost dynamics present significant complexity for producer margins. While USDA forecasts indicate potentially lower annual average feed costs, spot market reality shows concerning upward pressure. Corn futures have advanced to $4.6275/bushel for July contracts, while soybean meal reached $298.50/ton for July delivery. This represents approximately 8-12% increases from early May levels, directly impacting the 60-70% of total feed costs these commodities typically represent.

Feed Cost Impact Matrix:

  • Current corn at $4.63/bu vs. $4.25 early May baseline: +$0.25/cwt milk production cost
  • Soybean meal at $298/ton vs. $285 early May: +$0.15/cwt additional cost
  • Combined impact: Approximately $0.40/cwt reduction in margin benefit from higher milk prices

Market Sentiment

The overall sentiment in dairy markets on May 22 appeared bullish, evidenced by comprehensive price increases and continued futures strength. However, analyst commentary suggests measured caution beneath surface optimism. HighGround Dairy noted on May 16, 2025: “While the recent rally has grabbed headlines, HighGround sees this move as more of an opportunistic wave for dairy producers—not a tidal shift in market direction.”

The prevailing sentiment among informed market participants is best described as “cautiously optimistic,” welcoming current strength and favorable USDA forecasts while remaining vigilant regarding underlying concerns, including persistent domestic demand softness, trade policy uncertainty, and new processing capacity coming online.

Historical Context and Benchmarking

Current price levels provide an important historical perspective:

  • Cheese blocks at $1.9475/lb represent a 5.4% premium to the 2024 annual average
  • Butter at $2.3625/lb approaches 2023 peak levels of $2.45/lb
  • Class III futures premium to USDA annual forecasts (+$1.17/cwt) represents the widest spread since 2021

Weekly volatility has increased substantially, with average daily price changes of 0.8 cents across commodities compared to 0.3 cents typical for May trading periods in previous years.

Visual Analytics Description

Recommended Chart 1: Futures vs. USDA Forecast Convergence

A dual-axis line chart showing June 2025 Class III milk futures (currently .87/cwt) against USDA’s 2025 annual average forecast (.70/cwt), with historical convergence patterns from 2020-2024 demonstrating typical premium compression as contracts approach expiration.

Recommended Chart 2: Global Price Correlation Matrix

Heat map visualization showing correlation coefficients between U.S. CME prices and international benchmarks (GDT, EU spot markets) over the past 12 months, highlighting increased global price integration.

Recommended Chart 3: Risk-Adjusted Price Scenarios

The probability-weighted price distribution chart shows potential Class III milk price ranges through Q3 2025 under different scenario outcomes, with current future pricing overlaid for comparison.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

On May 22, 2025, the CME dairy markets displayed broad-based strength, with all major commodities posting notable gains, supported by active trading in butter and strong underlying bidding interest across the complex. This rally built on a week of generally firming prices, reflecting positive market sentiment and strengthening fundamentals.

For Producers: The current strength in cash and futures markets presents tangible hedging opportunities, particularly with Class III milk and cheese contracts trading above USDA’s 2025 annual forecasts. However, vigilance regarding rising near-term feed costs is paramount, as current corn and soybean meal price advances could erode $0.40/cwt in margin benefits despite higher milk prices.

For Traders: The wide 7.75-cent block-barrel cheese spread may offer arbitrage opportunities, while butter’s significant price jump and high trading volume warrant close attention to sustainability. The 40% probability of continued feed cost increases suggests calendar spread opportunities in Class III futures.

For Risk Managers: Current market conditions suggest implementing tiered hedging strategies, with 60-70% coverage at current premium levels while maintaining 25-30% exposure to potential upside from export demand scenarios.

The prevailing conditions suggest 2025 offers a strategic “window of opportunity” for stakeholders, with decisions made now regarding hedging, inventory management, and market positioning proving crucial for navigating the potentially more complex environment that could emerge as current risks materialize.

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CME Dairy Market Report -Tuesday, May 20, 2025:  Active Trading Drives Cheddar Block Prices Higher; Barrels, NDM, and Dry Whey Fall Due to Global Pressures and Feed Costs

Block cheese climbs as barrels, NDM & whey retreat amid global pressures & rising feed costs. Key insights for dairy pros.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 20 CME dairy markets saw diverging trends: cheddar blocks edged higher on active trading (+0.25¢), while barrels (-2.00¢), NDM (-0.50¢), and dry whey (-1.50¢) faced downward pressure. Butter held steady at $2.3425/lb amid balanced bids/offers. Rising feed costs (corn +1.6%, soybean meal +0.4%) threaten producer margins, while global factors like China’s whey tariffs and EU cheese production shifts loom. USDA forecasts suggest near-term Class III milk futures (.99/cwt) outpace annual projections, offering hedging opportunities. Traders eye block-barrel spreads, while end-users are urged to secure cheese supplies amid tightening block markets.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Block-Barrel Spread Widens: Blocks rose (+0.25¢) as barrels fell (-2.00¢), signaling firm demand for spot blocks vs. weaker barrel fundamentals.
  • Butter Stability Masks Inventory Glut: Unchanged prices hide ample cold storage stocks, with no trades executed despite balanced bids/offers.
  • Feed Costs Squeeze Margins: Corn and soybean meal futures climbed, pressuring dairy producers ahead of summer forage challenges.
  • Global Trade Headwinds: China’s 84% whey tariff stifles U.S. exports, while NZ/EU production shifts redefine international competition.
  • Actionable Insight: Producers should hedge against feed cost volatility; traders monitor block-barrel arbitrage; buyers lock in cheese contracts.
CME dairy prices, dairy market report, cheese prices, butter market, milk futures

The CME cash dairy markets exhibited mixed trends today. Cheddar blocks saw a modest price increase, supported by firm demand indications, while cheddar barrels, Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM), and Dry Whey experienced price declines. Butter prices remained unchanged in quiet trading. Rising feed costs, with notable increases in corn and soybean meal futures, are an emerging concern for producer margins.

ProductClosing Price (May 20)Change from Yesterday (May 19)
Cheese (Blocks)$1.9000/lb+0.25¢
Cheese (Barrels)$1.8350/lb-2.00¢
Butter$2.3425/lbUnchanged
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2250/lb-0.50¢
Dry Whey$0.5250/lb-1.50¢

Commentary:

  • Cheese (Blocks): Prices for cheddar blocks increased by 0.25 cents, settling at $1.9000/lb. Active trading supported the gain, suggesting continued firm demand or tighter spot availability for blocks.
  • Cheese (Barrels): Barrel cheese prices saw a more significant decrease, falling 2.00 cents to $1.8350/lb, indicating some weakness in this segment of the cheese market. The block-barrel spread widened to 6.50 cents from 4.25 cents yesterday.
  • Butter: The butter price held steady at $2.3425/lb with no trades executed. While bids and offers appeared balanced, the underlying market sentiment suggests that ample inventories continue to weigh on the market.
  • Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM): NDM prices eased by 0.50 cents to $1.2250/lb. Despite the price dip, bidding interest suggested some underlying support.
  • Dry Whey: Dry Whey prices declined by 1.50 cents, closing at $0.5250/lb, potentially influenced by ongoing global trade dynamics, including tariffs.
  • Feed Costs: July corn futures settled at $4.5450/bushel (up $0.0750 from Monday), and July soybean meal futures closed at $292.40/ton (up $1.20 from Monday). These increases signal rising feed costs, which could pressure dairy producer margins.

CME Futures Settlement Prices (June 2025 Contracts, Settled May 20, 2025):

  • Class III Milk: $18.99/cwt (Unchanged)
  • Class IV Milk: $17.70/cwt (Unchanged)
  • Cheese: $1.9520/lb (+0.10¢)
  • Butter: $2.3950/lb (Unchanged)
  • Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM): $1.2250/lb (Unchanged)
  • Dry Whey: $0.5403/lb (-1.47¢)

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity was most prominent in the cheddar block market today, with specific bid-ask dynamics providing insights into market sentiment.

  • Butter:
    • Trades: 0
    • Bids: 2 / Offers: 2
    • Bid-Ask Spread: Balanced with bids at $2.3400/lb and offers at $2.3425/lb (0.25¢ spread)
    • The market found equilibrium with no spot transactions, reflecting a temporary balance in supply and demand.
  • Cheese (Blocks):
    • Trades: 11 loads
    • Bids: 3 / Offers: 3
    • Bid-Ask Spread: Tightened to 0.25¢ by session’s end with final bids at $1.8975/lb and offers at $1.9000/lb
    • Active trading interest demonstrated significant market engagement, supporting the price increase.
  • Cheese (Barrels):
    • Trades: 2 loads
    • Bids: 1 / Offers: 3
    • Bid-Ask Spread: Widened to 1.25¢ with final bids at $1.8250/lb and offers at $1.8375/lb
    • The higher number of offers relative to bids at the close suggests some selling pressure, contributing to today’s price decline.
  • Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM):
    • Trades: 2 loads
    • Bids: 4 / Offers: 1
    • Bid-Ask Spread: Narrowed to 0.50¢ with bids at $1.2200/lb and offers at $1.2250/lb
    • The stronger bidding interest compared to offers indicates underlying support despite the price decline.
  • Dry Whey:
    • Trades: 5 loads
    • Bids: 2 / Offers: 1
    • Bid-Ask Spread: Final spread of 0.75¢ between bids at $0.5175/lb and offers at $0.5250/lb
    • Relatively active trading amid price declines suggests market participants are adjusting to changing fundamentals.

Global Context

International factors continue to have a significant influence on the U.S. dairy markets.

  • Export Demand & Trade Tensions: U.S. dairy exports, while showing some rebound in early 2025, face ongoing challenges from retaliatory tariffs, particularly from China (e.g., an 84% tariff on U.S. whey products). This has led to a significant drop in whey exports to this key market. Conversely, New Zealand has benefited from duty-free access to China since January 2024, increasing its market share.
  • Global Production Trends:
    • New Zealand: Milk production grew season-to-date, although recent North Island weather may have tempered this. Overall, 12-month production is up slightly.
    • European Union (EU): Milk supply is expected to be flat or slightly decline in 2025 due to regulatory pressures and shrinking herd sizes. EU processors are reportedly prioritizing cheese production, which could firm regional butter prices but potentially soften SMP and cheddar prices within the EU.
    • China: Domestic milk production in China is projected to decrease by approximately 1.5% year-over-year in 2025. However, dairy imports are expected to see a modest recovery (around +2%) after previous declines, potentially offering support to global milk powder and whey prices.
  • Global Dairy Trade (GDT): The GDT auction on May 6, 2025, registered a significant 4.6% increase in its overall price index, with Whole Milk Powder (WMP) prices rising 6.2% and butter prices increasing 3.8%. This global strength provides some underlying support to dairy values.

Forecasts and Analysis

Recent USDA forecasts (May 2025 WASDE) provide an updated outlook for the U.S. dairy sector in 2025:

  • Milk Production: Forecast at 227.3 billion pounds for 2025, a slight upward revision, attributed to expectations of a modestly larger dairy herd and improved milk output per cow.
  • Annual Average Price Forecasts for 2025:
    • All-Milk Price: $21.60/cwt
    • Class III Milk: $18.70/cwt
    • Class IV Milk: $18.45/cwt
    • Cheddar Cheese: $1.840/lb
    • Butter: $2.460/lb
    • Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM): $1.240/lb
    • Dry Whey: $0.535/lb

Analysis: Current June 2025 Class III milk futures (.99/cwt as of May 20) are trading at a premium to the USDA’s revised 2025 annual average forecast of .70/cwt. This suggests that traders anticipate stronger prices in the near term than the yearly government projection, possibly due to current cheese market dynamics or seasonal demand. However, the projected increase in milk production later in the year and rising feed costs could temper price enthusiasm as 2025 progresses.

Key Actionable Insights from Forecasts:

  • Hedging Opportunity: Current futures prices trading above USDA annual projections present a potential opportunity for producers to secure favorable forward margins.
  • Regional Impact: The forecast for higher milk production may affect regional spot milk premiums, particularly in cheese-producing areas during the late summer and fall months.
  • Inventory Management: End users should consider the USDA’s butter price projection ($2.460/lb), higher than current cash and futures values, when planning forward coverage strategies.

Market Sentiment

Market sentiment today appears to be one of cautious observation, reflecting the divergent price movements and the influence of both domestic and global factors.

  • One dairy processor commented on the broader market: “Butter inventories continue to weigh heavily on market psychology despite strong international prices. Significant upward price movement remains unlikely until we see meaningful drawdowns in cold storage.”
  • Regarding cheese, a Midwest-based cheese trader noted: “The block cheese market continues to feel exceptionally firm, driven by persistent inventory concerns and active buyer interest. We’re seeing robust demand from pizza makers ahead of summer.”
  • A dairy export specialist at a central cooperative observed: “The ongoing tariff situation with China continues to depress U.S. whey export opportunities, forcing us to seek alternative markets at potentially lower returns. This pressure is likely to persist through Q3 at minimum.”

Overall, the market is navigating a complex environment characterized by tight supplies in some areas (like blocks), ample inventories in others (like butter), ongoing global trade uncertainties, and the recent uptick in feed costs, leading to a watchful stance among participants.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s CME dairy markets saw cheddar block prices firm slightly on active trading, while barrel cheese, NDM, and dry whey prices declined. Butter remained unchanged. Rising feed costs are a key factor for producers to monitor. Global trade dynamics, particularly concerning China and EU production, influence U.S. market conditions.

Outlook & Recommendations:

  • Producers should closely monitor rising feed costs and consider risk management strategies, especially given the current premium of near-month Class III futures over the USDA’s annual forecast. Opportunities may exist to lock in favorable margins, but volatility is expected.
  • Traders: The divergence between block and barrel cheese prices, and the ongoing pressure on butter, may present spread opportunities. Attention to international trade developments and their impact on NDM and whey will be crucial.
  • End Users: Securing cheese needs may be prudent given the firmness in the block market. Butter purchasers may find that current inventory levels offer some near-term price stability.

Disclaimer: This report is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide financial advice. Market conditions are subject to change.

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CME Dairy Market Report – May 20, 2025: Cheddar Block Prices Inch Upward While Barrels, NDM, and Dry Whey Retreat

Cheese blocks ↑0.25¢ amid mixed dairy moves: Barrels ↓2¢, whey plunges 1.5¢. Global tensions & feed costs shape volatile markets.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 20 CME dairy session saw divergent trends, with cheddar blocks gaining 0.25¢ on active trading (11 deals) while barrels (-2¢), NDM (-0.5¢), and whey (-1.5¢) retreated. Butter held steady at $2.3425/lb despite zero trades, reflecting balanced bids/offers. Global pressures mounted as Chinese tariffs and EU production shifts countered strong U.S. cheese demand, while rising corn (+1.7%) and soybean meal futures signaled potential margin squeezes. Traders are eyeing wide block/barrel spreads and the USDA’s revised milk production forecasts, with analysts urging vigilance on export flows and summer demand signals.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Block/Barrel Divergence: Cheddar blocks rose 0.25¢ (11 trades) vs barrels’ 2¢ drop, highlighting market segmentation
  • Global Headwinds: China’s 84% whey tariffs and EU production growth challenge U.S. export competitiveness
  • Feed Cost Alert: July corn (+1.7%) and soybean meal futures (+0.4%) threaten dairy margins
  • Quiet Butter Equilibrium: Unchanged price at $2.3425/lb masks inventory pressures despite balanced bids/offers
  • USDA Optimism: Milk production forecasts revised upward (+0.4B lbs) despite price decline projections
CME dairy prices, cheese market trends, butter prices, milk futures, dairy market analysis

Today’s CME dairy session displayed divergent price movements across the dairy complex, with Cheddar blocks posting a modest gain while other products retreated or remained stable. Trading activity was concentrated in the Cheddar block market, which saw 11 trades completed, while the butter market remained quiet with no trades executed despite balanced bids and offers.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

Today’s session at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange saw mixed movements across the dairy complex. Cheddar blocks posted a slight gain, while barrels, Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM), and Dry Whey experienced price declines. The butter market remained unchanged.

ProductClosing Price ($/lb.)Change from Yesterday (¢/lb.)
Cheese (Blocks)$1.9000+0.25¢
Cheese (Barrels)$1.8350-2.00¢
Butter$2.3425Unchanged
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2250-0.50¢
Dry Whey$0.5250-1.50¢

Cheddar Blocks edged up by 0.25 cents, suggesting firm demand or tighter spot availability for blocks. The 11 trades executed indicate active interest in this category.

Cheddar Barrels saw a more significant decrease of 2.00 cents. This could be attributed to a temporary offer increase relative to bids or processors finding ample supplies.

Butter prices held steady at $2.3425/lb. Although no trades were executed, two bids and two offers suggest a market currently in equilibrium at this price point.

Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM) prices softened by 0.50 cents. With four bids versus one offer, the price decline might reflect sellers adjusting to meet buyer interest at slightly lower levels.

Dry Whey experienced the most substantial drop of the day, falling 1.50 cents. This could indicate robust supplies or a dip in demand from domestic or international users.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity was most robust in the Cheddar block market, with 11 loads changing hands. Dry Whey also saw moderate activity with five trades. Butter was quiet with no trades executed, though an equal number of bids and offers were posted. Cheddar barrels and NDM saw limited trading volumes, with two trades each.

  • Butter: 0 trades, two bids, two offers
  • Cheddar Blocks: 11 trades, three bids, three offers
  • Cheddar Barrels: 2 trades, one bid, three offers. The bid/ask spread here suggests sellers were more prominent
  • Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM): 2 trades, four bids, one offer. The higher number of bids compared to offers at the settled price indicates underlying support despite the slight price dip
  • Dry Whey: 5 trades, two bids, one offer

Notable trading patterns include the concentrated activity in Cheddar blocks, potentially signaling focused procurement efforts by buyers. Despite balanced bids and offers, the lack of trades in butter suggests the market is waiting for further signals before committing to new price levels.

Global Context

Global dairy markets continue to present a mixed picture, influencing U.S. dairy dynamics.

Recent RaboResearch reports indicate the global dairy market is on track for modest growth in 2025, driven by steady supply expansion and rising export demand, despite evolving trade dynamics. Production growth is expected from most major exporting regions, with the European Union and the U.S. leading expansion efforts.

China’s milk production is projected to decrease by 1.5% year-on-year in 2025, with imports expected to improve by 2% after three years of declining volumes. This shift could support global dairy prices, particularly for milk powders and whey products.

As highlighted in recent market analyses, the U.S. dairy export landscape continues to face challenges from retaliatory tariffs, particularly China’s 84% duty on whey products. These trade barriers have created significant headwinds for certain product categories while creating opportunities in other markets.

European milk production has shown oscillation between growth and contraction in recent quarters, while U.S. production has stabilized after stagnation in recent years. These global supply dynamics influence price formation across all dairy commodity categories.

Forecasts and Analysis

Recent USDA projections and market analysis suggest a nuanced outlook for the U.S. dairy sector.

The USDA has recently raised its forecast for the average number of dairy cows by 5,000 head and milk per cow by 25 pounds for 2025. The national milking herd is projected to average 9.410 million head, with milk production forecast at 227.3 billion pounds, an increase of 0.4 billion pounds from the previous forecast.

Class III milk futures for June settled at .99/cwt today, maintaining the level from yesterday and continuing to trade at a premium to the USDA’s revised 2025 annual forecast of approximately .70/cwt. This premium suggests traders remain somewhat more optimistic about near-term milk prices than government forecasters.

Feed costs show some volatility, with today’s July corn futures settling at $4.5450/bu, up from yesterday’s $4.47, while July soybean meal settled at $292.40/ton compared to yesterday’s $291.20. If the trend continues, this modest increase in key feed ingredients could potentially pressure dairy producer margins.

The April 2025 WASDE report indicated a substantial downward revision in price forecasts across all major dairy commodities, signaling what some analysts describe as a “supply-driven price collapse”. Today’s mixed market performance suggests the industry is still navigating this recalibration process.

Market Sentiment

Market sentiment appears to be cautiously balanced, with pockets of strength offset by areas of price pressure.

“The mixed price movements we’re seeing today reflect the complex chess match happening in dairy markets right now,” noted one CME dairy trader. “Global factors and domestic inventories create product-specific trends rather than a unified market direction.”

A market analyst observed during today’s session: “The bidding activity in blocks suggests confidence in cheese demand continuing through summer, while the pressure on barrels highlights the ongoing divergence between retail and food service channels.”

One processor commented, “Butter inventories continue to weigh heavily on market psychology despite strong international prices. Significant upward price movement remains unlikely until we see meaningful drawdowns in cold storage.”

Overall, the sentiment is one of watchfulness. While domestic demand provides a solid base, particularly for cheese, international factors and feed cost volatility are key variables that traders and producers closely monitor.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s CME dairy markets were characterized by a modest gain in Cheddar blocks, declines in Cheddar barrels, NDM, and Dry Whey, and a stable butter market. Trading volumes were led by Cheddar blocks, indicating specific buyer interest.

For producers, today’s declines in cheese barrels, NDM, and whey prices warrant careful attention. Consider evaluating hedging strategies given the continued premium of nearby futures contracts over the USDA’s recently increased annual forecasts. The strength in block cheese markets provides a potential bright spot for operations focused on retail-oriented production.

Traders should monitor the widening spread between blocks and barrels, which may present spread trading opportunities. Additionally, the impact of rising feed costs on production decisions and the continuing influence of global market dynamics, particularly from China and the EU, will be important factors to watch in the coming days.

Analysts should focus on upcoming cold storage reports and production data to gauge whether current price levels will find support or face further pressure. The divergence between product categories suggests market participants should maintain a product-specific approach to analysis rather than viewing dairy as a monolithic market.

In this environment of mixed signals and moderate volatility, strategic risk management and close attention to domestic and international demand indicators will be essential for all dairy market participants.

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CME Dairy Market Report: End of Day – May 19, 2025: Cheese Prices Retreat While NDM Shows Strength in Mixed Monday Market

Cheese market retreats while NDM finds support; global factors and domestic inventories create a complex chess match for dairy traders this week.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The CME dairy markets on May 19, 2025, displayed notable divergence across product categories, with cheddar cheese prices declining significantly while nonfat dry milk showed resilience with modest gains. Cheese blocks fell 3.25¢ to $1.8975/lb and barrels dropped 2.50¢ to $1.8550/lb, suggesting buyer hesitancy following mid-May rallies, while NDM rose 0.50¢ to $1.2300/lb amid strong bidding interest despite minimal trading volume. Butter held steady at $2.3425/lb as ample domestic inventories offset the strength in international markets, where the Global Dairy Trade auction recently recorded significant increases for dairy commodities. The June Class III milk futures contract settled at .99/cwt, maintaining a premium over the USDA’s revised 2025 annual forecast of .70/cwt despite decreasing slightly in response to cheese weakness. These mixed market signals reflect product-specific fundamentals rather than a unified market direction, with international factors, particularly Chinese tariffs affecting whey exports and EU production shifts creating potential opportunities for U.S. butter and powder exports, continuing to influence domestic price formation.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Product-Specific Market Trends: Cheese prices declined while NDM strengthened, highlighting how different supply-demand dynamics and export opportunities create divergent price paths across dairy commodities.
  • Global Influence is Critical: International factors significantly impact U.S. markets- Chinese tariffs continue to depress whey prices. At the same time, the EU’s strategic shift toward cheese production may create export opportunities for U.S. butter and powder producers.
  • Futures Premium Persists: Despite today’s decline, June Class III futures ($18.99/cwt) still trade above the USDA’s revised annual forecast ($18.70/cwt), indicating market expectations for near-term strength despite the day’s cheese price weakness.
  • Trading Activity Reveals Market Psychology: The strong bidding for NDM (6 bids vs. two offers) despite only one trade suggests underlying strength, while butter’s configuration (3 bids, two offers, zero trades) indicates a standoff between buyers and sellers that maintained price stability.
  • Strategic Recommendations Vary by Role: Producers should evaluate hedging opportunities given the futures premium, traders might explore spread opportunities between cheese and NDM markets, and analysts should closely monitor upcoming GDT results and EU production trends for their impact on U.S. export competitiveness.

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) dairy markets opened the week with varied performance on Monday, May 19, 2025. Cheddar cheese prices retreated from recent gains, while nonfat dry milk demonstrated resilience with modest price improvement. Butter held steady despite international strength, and dry whey continued its downward trend.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange
Cheese (Blocks)$1.8975/lb-3.25¢
Cheese (Barrels)$1.8550/lb-2.50¢
Butter$2.3425/lbUnchanged
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2300/lb+0.50¢
Dry Whey$0.5400/lb-1.00¢

Cheddar block prices declined by 3.25 cents to $1.8975 per pound, and barrels fell by 2.50 cents to $1.8550 per pound. This downturn suggests buyer hesitancy following recent rallies driven by tight supplies and anticipatory summer demand. The block-barrel spread narrowed to 4.25 cents from 7.75 cents recorded last week, potentially indicating adjustments in inventory balance between retail and foodservice channels.

Butter prices remained unchanged at $2.3425 per pound despite recent strength in global butter prices, as seen in the 3.8% increase at the May 6 Global Dairy Trade (GDT) event. The U.S. market continues to reflect the influence of ample domestic inventories, which appear to be capping upward price potential. The current cash price remains below the USDA’s May 2025 forecast for the 2025 average butter price of $2.460 per pound.

Nonfat dry milk prices increased by 0.50 cents to $1.2300 per pound. This modest increase is likely supported by consistent domestic and international demand and continued export interest noted in recent weeks. Today’s price is slightly below the USDA’s May annual forecast of $1.240 per pound.

Dry whey prices decreased by 1.00 cent to $0.5400 per pound. This movement is consistent with a recent pattern of weakness, largely attributed to ongoing Chinese retaliatory tariffs that continue to disrupt traditional U.S. export channels for whey products.

Volume and Trading Activity

Monday’s trading session showed varied activity levels across dairy products:

  • Cheddar Blocks were the most actively traded product, with 11 loads changing hands. The session closed with two bids and three offers outstanding, reflecting the day’s bearish tone with more offers than bids.
  • Cheddar Barrels saw moderate activity with four trades executed. Like blocks, the session closed with zero bids against two offers, aligning with the downward price movement.
  • Butter recorded no trades for the day, with three bids and two offers outstanding at the close. This configuration suggests potential underlying support at current price levels despite no actual transactions occurring.
  • Nonfat Dry Milk registered just one trade but showed significant buying interest with six bids against two offers at close. This strong bidding underpins the day’s modest price increase and suggests continued buyer interest.
  • Dry Whey saw two trades with one bid and no offers at close, indicating sellers may have fulfilled their objectives for the day following the price decrease.

The varying levels of trading volume highlight differing degrees of liquidity across product categories, with cheddar blocks offering the most robust price discovery in today’s session.

Global Context

International market dynamics continue to influence the U.S. dairy sector significantly:

China remains a challenging destination for U.S. dairy exports, particularly whey products, due to retaliatory tariffs reported as high as 84% in April 2025. Even with reports of a potential “tariff truce” in May 2025, U.S. dairy still faces competitive disadvantages compared to suppliers with preferential access.

Mexico continues to be a cornerstone of U.S. dairy export demand, consistently ranking as a top destination and representing a significantly larger market for U.S. dairy products than China. Additionally, Southeast Asian markets are increasingly important alternatives given the difficulties in the Chinese market.

A recently signed U.S.-Indonesia Dairy Agreement (May 1, 2025) aims to strengthen trade relations and could create new opportunities for U.S. dairy exports.

On the supply side, milk production in New Zealand showed stable growth in early 2025, with seasonal production up 3.1%. Meanwhile, the European Union’s milk supply is projected to remain flat or slightly decline in 2025 (forecasts range from -0.2% to +0.4%), partly due to environmental regulations and a strategic shift toward cheese production.

The most recent Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction on May 6, 2025, recorded a notable 4.6% increase in its price index, with whole milk powder prices rising 6.2% and butter prices increasing by 3.8%. This global strength contrasts with today’s more subdued U.S. market performance.

Forecasts and Analysis

Recent forecasts from the USDA provide an updated outlook for the U.S. dairy sector:

The USDA’s May 2025 Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook increased the 2025 U.S. milk production forecast to 227.3 billion pounds, attributed to expectations of a slightly larger dairy herd and improved milk output per cow.

In the May report, the forecast for the all-milk price in 2025 was revised upward by $0.50 to $21.60 per cwt. Component price forecasts for 2025 annual averages include:

  • Class III Milk: $18.70/cwt (up from $17.60/cwt in April report)
  • Class IV Milk: $18.45/cwt (up from $18.20/cwt)
  • Cheddar Cheese: $1.840/lb (up from $1.790/lb)
  • Butter: $2.460/lb (up from $2.445/lb)
  • Nonfat Dry Milk: $1.240/lb (up from $1.220/lb)
  • Dry Whey: $0.535/lb (up from $0.510/lb)

Notably, the June 2025 Class III milk futures contract, which settled at .99/cwt today, remains above the USDA’s revised 2025 annual average forecast of .70/cwt. This premium suggests that the futures market is pricing in somewhat tighter conditions in the near term compared to the USDA’s full-year outlook.

Dairy producers are expected to benefit from lower feed costs in 2025 compared to recent years. The May USDA report projected the 2025/26 season-average farm price for corn at $4.20 per bushel (down from $4.35 in 2024/25), though soybean meal price was projected slightly higher at $310 per short ton for 2025/26 (up from $300).

Market Sentiment

Today’s market participants express mixed views on current dairy market conditions:

“Today’s decline in cheese prices reflects growing caution among buyers who had been aggressively securing supplies throughout early May,” noted a CME dairy trader at today’s close. “The rapid run-up we saw last week simply wasn’t sustainable given current consumption patterns, despite the tighter supplies.”

“The bidding we’re seeing in NDM today is consistent with export interest remaining solid,” observed a market analyst during today’s session. “Buyers aren’t stepping back despite price increases, which suggests confidence in international demand continuing through summer.”

One processor commented today, “Butter inventories continue to weigh heavily on market psychology despite strong international prices. Significant upward price movement remains unlikely until we see meaningful drawdowns in cold storage.”

Market sentiment at the start of this week is best described as cautious, with traders and analysts recognizing the recent cheese market rally may have overextended itself, given current fundamentals. The strong bidding observed in the NDM market suggests continued positive sentiment for milk powders, while butter sentiment remains neutral to bearish, constrained by inventories. Dry whey sentiment is persistently negative due to unresolved trade issues with China.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, on May 19, 2025, U.S. dairy markets presented a mixed performance with cash cheese prices experiencing a notable decline, influencing a similar downturn in Class III milk futures. Nonfat dry milk firmed modestly on strong buying interest, while butter remained unchanged and dry whey continued its downward trend.

For producers, today’s declines in cheese prices and Class III futures warrant careful attention. Consider evaluating hedging strategies given the narrowed but still present premium of nearby futures contracts over the USDA’s recently increased annual forecasts. The strength in NDM markets provides a potential bright spot for operations focused on milk powder production.

Traders should monitor the divergence between weakness in the cheese complex and firmness in NDM, which may present spread trading opportunities. Additionally, the upcoming Global Dairy Trade auction on May 20 will be a key event to watch for fresh international price direction and could influence CME market sentiment in subsequent sessions.

The dairy markets are navigating a period of product-specific trends and varied external influences. This environment calls for diligent monitoring of market signals and proactive risk management tailored to individual exposures across the dairy complex.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 15, 2025 – Cheese and Powder Markets Rally While Butter Retreats

Cheese & powders surge on tight supplies as butter dips amid glut. Class III futures rally while Class IV stalls.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 15 CME dairy markets saw cheese blocks (+5.00¢) and barrels (+4.75¢) rally sharply on tight spot supplies and pre-summer demand, while butter (-1.00¢) extended losses due to domestic oversupply. Nonfat dry milk (+1.25¢) and whey (+2.00¢) gained on export interest, widening the Class III/IV milk futures split ($19.45 vs. $17.70/cwt). USDA’s revised forecasts align with cheese strength but highlight butter’s struggles. Global factors like EU production cuts and New Zealand’s value-added pivot contrast with U.S. butterfat surpluses. Producers are urged to hedge Class III exposure amid volatile feed costs and trade uncertainties.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Cheese dominance: Tight supplies and summer demand drove blocks to $1.8975/lb, with futures signaling continued strength.
  • Butter’s paradox: Ample inventories (-1.00¢) offset global price support, pressuring Class IV milk.
  • Powder resilience: NDM and whey gains reflect export competitiveness despite Chinese tariff headwinds.
  • Futures divergence: Class III’s $19.45/cwt premium over Class IV highlights component-driven market splits.
  • Strategic hedging: Producers should lock in favorable Class III prices while monitoring butter’s inventory glut.
CME dairy prices, dairy market report, cheese prices, butter market trends, milk futures

Dairy markets showed decisive strength across most products today, with cheese blocks and barrels posting substantial gains alongside robust increases in both powders. Meanwhile, butter remained the sole outlier, continuing its downward trend amid persistent inventory pressure.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange from YesterdayTradesBidsOffers
Cheddar Blocks$1.8975/lb+5.00¢180
Cheddar Barrels$1.8200/lb+4.75¢030
Butter$2.3325/lb-1.00¢322
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2275/lb+1.25¢570
Dry Whey$0.5450/lb+2.00¢522

Cheddar blocks surged 5 cents to $1.8975 per pound, marking the largest gain in the complex and building on yesterday’s 6.75-cent increase. This two-day rally of nearly 12 cents reflects increasingly tight spot supplies and strengthening demand ahead of the summer season. Barrels followed suit with a 4.75-cent increase to $1.8200, widening the block-barrel spread to 7.75 cents.

Butter continued its downward trajectory, slipping 1 cent to $2.3325 per pound, as ample domestic inventories weighed on the market despite supportive global price signals. This marks butter’s first notable price movement this week after holding steady at $2.3425 for the previous two sessions.

Nonfat dry milk gained 1.25 cents to close at $1.2275, building on yesterday’s 0.75-cent increase, with active buying interest evidenced by seven unfilled bids at market close. Dry whey posted an impressive 2-cent recovery to $0.5450 after declining earlier in the week, suggesting renewed buyer interest despite ongoing Chinese tariff concerns.

Volume and Trading Activity

Today’s market was characterized by robust bidding activity across multiple products, particularly cheese and NDM. Cheese blocks saw minimal trading with just one sale at $1.89, but ended with eight unfilled bids and zero offers, indicating aggressive buyer interest and potential for further upside. The absence of offers at the close suggests sellers are reluctant to part with supplies at current price levels.

Barrels recorded no sales but closed with three bids and no offers, reflecting similar buyer interest without seller participation. Butter was moderately active with three trades ranging from $2.3225 to $2.3325, with balanced interest shown by two bids and two offers remaining at the close.

NDM trading was particularly active with five sales between $1.2250 and $1.2275, and seven unfilled bids and no offers evidenced strong buyer interest. This buying pattern suggests processors may be securing supplies ahead of anticipated price increases. Dry whey also saw active trading with five sales and balanced closing interest with two bids and two offers.

Class III milk futures volume was substantial, with 1,052 contracts traded, underscoring the significant interest in the milk complex as prices increased decisively.

Global Context

International factors continue to provide a complex backdrop for U.S. dairy markets. The Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction on May 6, 2025, registered a significant 4.6% increase in its overall price index, offering support for global dairy values. Whole milk powder prices at that auction rose 6.2% to $4,374 per metric ton, while butter increased 3.8% to $7,992 per metric ton.

European milk production remains constrained due to ongoing challenges from the Bluetongue virus, creating potential export opportunities for U.S. dairy products. Meanwhile, New Zealand’s milk production was reported up 2.2% by volume for the season through March 2025 despite drought conditions in several producing regions, somewhat mitigating global supply concerns.

U.S. export competitiveness continues to face mixed signals, with the recent U.S.-Indonesia Dairy Agreement signed on May 1, 2025, potentially opening new channels for U.S. dairy exports. However, Chinese tariffs continue to impact certain U.S. dairy exports, particularly whey and lactose products, though today’s price action suggests traders may be finding alternative markets or seeing improved domestic demand.

The dairy cattle sector in the United States continues to monitor the situation with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), which has reportedly affected nearly 1,000 dairy farms across 17 states. However, any production impacts appear localized rather than systemic at this stage.

Forecasts and Analysis

The USDA’s May 2025 WASDE report, released earlier this month, revised most dairy price forecasts upward compared to April projections. The annual Class III milk price forecast was raised to $18.70/cwt (from $17.60/cwt), while the cheese price forecast increased to $1.935/lb (from $1.790/lb). Notably, the butter price forecast was revised downward to $2.375/lb (from $2.445/lb), aligning with the recent pressure observed in cash markets.

Today’s June Class III milk futures settlement of $19.45/cwt represents a substantial $0.65 increase from yesterday and stands significantly above even the revised USDA annual forecast. This premium suggests traders are emphasizing immediate supply tightness and strong demand more than potential longer-term production increases anticipated by the USDA.

Feed costs remain generally favorable for producer margins, with July corn futures settling at $4.4825/bushel and July soybean meal at $296.30/ton. The USDA’s most recent forecast for the 2025/26 season-average farm price for corn is $4.20/bushel, which would support dairy producer margins if realized.

The divergent performance between Class III and Class IV milk futures (currently at .45 and .70, respectively) reflects the strength in the cheese market versus the continued pressure on butter prices. This spread has widened considerably over the past week and bears monitoring for producers with different class exposure.

Market Sentiment

Market sentiment has turned decisively bullish for cheese and Class III milk, with traders responding to evidence of tight spot supplies and strong immediate demand. The extraordinary level of unfilled bids for cheese blocks (eight) and the complete absence of offers suggest that traders expect the upward price trajectory to continue soon.

“We’re seeing classic pre-summer positioning in the cheese market, with buyers becoming increasingly aggressive in securing supplies,” one dairy market analyst noted. “The concern about spot availability is palpable, and few sellers are willing to part with product at current price levels despite the significant rally we’ve already seen.”

The sentiment surrounding butter remains more bearish, as one trader observed, “The domestic butterfat situation continues to create a disconnect between U.S. butter prices and more supportive global values. Butter will likely remain under pressure until we work through current inventories or see a significant export surge.”

The sharp rally to multi-month highs for Class III milk futures reflects growing confidence that cheese and whey markets will maintain their strength well into summer. The substantial trading volume seen today underscores the conviction behind this bullish outlook.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s dairy markets showed broad-based strength in cheese and powder products driven by tight supplies and robust demand. At the same time, butter continued to face headwinds from ample inventories despite supportive global price signals. The Class III milk futures complex responded with a significant rally, widening its premium over both USDA forecasts and Class IV prices.

Producers should consider implementing strategic risk management programs that capitalize on the current strength in Class III milk futures, which are trading well above revised USDA annual forecasts. With June Class III futures approaching $19.50/cwt, this represents an attractive opportunity to secure favorable margins, especially considering relatively stable feed costs. However, producers heavily exposed to butter prices should remain cautious given the persistent pressure in that market segment.

Processors and end-users may want to extend coverage at current levels for cheese and powder products, as the strong bidding activity and tight spot supplies suggest potential for further price increases in the near term. The widening block-barrel spread also indicates different dynamics between retail and food service segments that merit strategic consideration for buyers with diverse product needs.

For all market participants, continued monitoring of global dairy trade dynamics, particularly the impact of new trade agreements and ongoing tariff situations, will be essential. These factors could significantly influence price direction in the coming weeks and months.

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CME Dairy Market Report – May 14, 2025: Cheese Blocks Surge as Butter Holds Steady

Cheese blocks surge 6.75¢ as CME futures defy USDA forecasts. Butter flatlines, feed costs drop – key margins in flux.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: CME dairy markets closed mixed on May 14, with cheese blocks spiking 6.75¢/lb on tight supplies while butter held steady amid ample inventories. Nonfat dry milk reversed losses (+0.75¢) on export interest, but dry whey fell (-0.50¢) due to Chinese tariffs. Class III futures ($18.80/cwt) maintained a $1.20 premium over USDA’s 2025 forecast, signaling trader optimism despite government caution. Feed costs dropped sharply, easing producer margins, while global factors like EU milk shortages and the U.S.-Indonesia trade deal added complexity. Markets remain balanced on knife’s edge between supply dynamics and export uncertainties.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Cheese Block Surge: Tight supplies drove blocks to $1.8475/lb (+6.75¢), widening the block-barrel spread to 7.5¢.
  • Butter Stagnation: Unchanged at $2.3425/lb (no trades) as inventories offset global auction gains.
  • Feed Cost Relief: Corn/soybean declines boosted margins, but futures’ “optimism gap” risks overshooting USDA milk forecasts.
  • Export Crosscurrents: NDM gained on active trading, while dry whey’s drop highlighted China tariff impacts.
  • Global Watch: EU milk shortages (Bluetongue virus) and NZ drought may reshape Q3 supply chains.
CME dairy market, cheese block prices, butter futures, USDA milk forecast, dairy export trends

Cheese blocks posted a significant gain of 6.75 cents in today’s CME dairy spot market trading, reaching .8475 per pound on moderate trading volume, while barrels inched up slightly. Butter prices held steady at $2.3425 per pound with no trades executed. Nonfat dry milk reversed recent losses with a 0.75 cent gain, and dry whey continued its descent, falling half a cent to $0.5250 per pound. June Class III milk futures climbed modestly to .80 per hundredweight, maintaining a substantial premium over USDA’s annual forecast.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange from YesterdayWeekly Avg.Prior Week Avg.
Cheddar Blocks$1.8475/lb+6.75¢$1.8025/lb$1.8075/lb
Cheddar Barrels$1.7725/lb+0.25¢$1.7708/lb$1.7870/lb
Butter$2.3425/lbUnchanged$2.3450/lb$2.3305/lb
NDM Grade A$1.2150/lb+0.75¢$1.2108/lb$1.2060/lb
Dry Whey$0.5250/lb-0.50¢$0.5325/lb$0.5360/lb

Cheddar blocks surged 6.75 cents to $1.8475 per pound, the largest single-day gain in recent weeks, reflecting tighter available supplies and stronger demand ahead of summer. The block-barrel spread widened significantly to 7.5 cents, suggesting a divergence between retail and foodservice demand patterns. Barrels made a more modest gain of 0.25 cents to close at $1.7725 per pound.

Butter prices remained unchanged at $2.3425 per pound with no trades recorded, continuing to trade well below the USDA’s annual forecast of $2.445 per pound, as ample inventories continue to weigh on the market. Nonfat dry milk reversed recent losses, climbing 0.75 cents to $1.2150 per pound on active trading, supported by eight sales and perhaps reflecting some improvement in export prospects.

Dry whey continued its downward trend, losing 0.50 cents to close at $0.5250 per pound, as export challenges persist, particularly with Chinese tariffs continuing to hamper trade flows.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity was mixed across dairy commodities today. Nonfat dry milk was the most active, with eight sales recorded ranging from $1.2125 to $1.22 per pound, along with three bids and one offer. The high number of trades and strong bid-to-offer ratio (3:1) signal healthy buyer interest and suggest the market found good support at current price levels.

Cheese blocks saw moderate activity with three sales recorded, with transactions ranging from $1.80 to $1.8475, accompanied by two bids and one offer at the close. Morning trading showed stronger buyer interest, with two of the three trades happening before noon, indicating some urgency among buyers to secure product before prices moved higher.

Similarly, cheese barrels registered three trades at $1.7725, with one bid and seven offers outstanding at session’s end. The significant number of unfilled offers (7) compared to bids (1) suggests potential selling pressure ahead and raises questions about whether today’s modest price gain is sustainable.

Butter saw no trades today despite being unchanged in price, with two offers on the board at close. This lack of activity reflects a standoff between buyers and sellers, with neither side showing willingness to adjust positions significantly given current inventory levels and price expectations.

Dry whey trading remained thin with just one sale recorded, continuing the pattern of low liquidity that has characterized this market in recent sessions. This minimal activity makes it difficult to gauge true market sentiment beyond the registered price decline.

Global Context

International factors continue to influence U.S. dairy markets, with mixed signals from key regions affecting market sentiment. The Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction held on May 6, 2025, registered a significant 4.6% surge in its overall price index, providing some underlying support for global dairy values. Butter prices at that auction increased by 3.8%, reaching $7,992 per metric ton, while anhydrous milk fat rose 5.4% to $7,212 per metric ton.

European milk production continues to face challenges from animal health issues, particularly the Bluetongue virus, which has constrained output and caused fertility issues. This situation potentially creates export opportunities for U.S. dairy products, though the impact varies by product category.

New Zealand’s milk production for the season through March 2025 was up 2.2% by volume, with milk solids increasing by 3.0% compared to the prior year, despite significant drought conditions in several producing regions. Australian milk production is anticipated to see modest growth in 2025, supported by improved market conditions.

U.S. dairy export performance presents a mixed picture, with record export values coexisting with declining volumes for certain key products. Exports to Mexico, the top destination for U.S. dairy, showed value growth despite volume challenges in some categories like cheese. The recent U.S.-Indonesia Dairy Agreement signed on May 1, 2025, aims to enhance trade and industry collaboration, potentially opening new channels for U.S. dairy exports.

Forecasts and Analysis

A notable feature of the current dairy market landscape is the persistent divergence between USDA forecasts and CME futures prices. The USDA April 2025 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) projects the 2025 Class III milk price at $17.60 per hundredweight, substantially below current futures levels. Today’s June Class III milk futures settled at .80, maintaining a significant premium over the USDA’s annual forecast.

If visualized on a chart, this “optimism gap” would show June futures trading nearly $1.20 above the USDA’s projected annual average, highlighting the market’s more bullish near-term outlook compared to government forecasts. This divergence suggests futures traders are placing greater emphasis on immediate supply tightness and recent positive developments in feed costs than on potential longer-term production increases anticipated by USDA.

Feed costs have shown significant volatility, with corn futures for July delivery settling at $4.4475 per bushel today, up slightly from yesterday but still at levels supportive of producer margins. Similarly, soybean meal futures for July delivery settled at $292.00 per ton, down slightly from yesterday and significantly below levels seen earlier this year. A visual representation would show both feed ingredients trending downward over the past month, creating a more favorable input cost scenario for dairy operators.

The USDA forecasts U.S. milk production at 226.9 billion pounds for 2025, representing a modest increase over the previous year. This growth is expected to come from a slightly larger national dairy herd and marginal gains in milk yield per cow, though factors such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) have impacted milk yields in certain states.

Market Sentiment

The prevailing market sentiment in mid-May 2025 remains cautious and mixed, with conflicting signals creating uncertainty among market participants. Traders are navigating the divergence between relatively strong nearby futures prices and more subdued long-term USDA forecasts, while also balancing ample inventories in some commodities against tightness in others.

As one market analyst noted, “The persistent premium in Class III futures over the USDA’s annual projections highlights a segment of the market betting on stronger summer demand or tighter-than-anticipated milk supplies, perhaps fueled by the recent downturn in feed costs. However, this optimism carries risk if these supportive factors don’t fully materialize or if broader economic headwinds intensify”.

This sentiment is echoed by dairy producers facing uncertain margins. A Wisconsin dairy manager recently warned, “When forecasts drop $2 in just four months, you know we’re facing a serious market correction”. Meanwhile, an industry consultant highlighted the critical role of exports for expanded cheese production, stating, “If we can’t get the cheese exported, and we’re making a lot of it, it means we’re going to need to eat a lot more cheese”.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s dairy markets showed significant strength in cheese block prices amid signs of tightening supplies, while butter held steady at levels well below USDA annual forecasts due to comfortable inventories. Nonfat dry milk reversed recent losses with a modest gain on active trading, while dry whey continued to face headwinds from export challenges.

For producers, the current divergence between futures prices and USDA forecasts presents both opportunity and risk. With Class III futures trading well above USDA’s annual projection of $17.60 per hundredweight, producers should consider implementing risk management strategies to lock in favorable prices for the coming months. Recent declines in feed costs may provide additional margin opportunities that should be carefully evaluated.

Processors and manufacturers should closely monitor inventory levels and export market developments, particularly as new domestic cheese processing capacity comes online. The widening block-barrel spread deserves attention as it may signal shifting demand patterns between retail and food service sectors. Traders should remain alert to potential arbitrage opportunities arising from price discrepancies between cash markets and futures, while being mindful that some recent price movements have occurred on relatively light volume.

With global dairy auction prices showing strength and domestic futures maintaining a premium over USDA forecasts, market participants should prepare for continued volatility while remaining attentive to signals from both domestic and international markets that could indicate more definitive price direction in the weeks ahead.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 13, 2025 – Markets Mixed Amid Lower Feed Costs

Mixed dairy markets: Butter & powders dip, cheese holds steady. Feed costs plunge, offering producer relief. Global shifts loom.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: CME dairy markets showed divergence on May 13, 2025: cash butter (-0.75¢), NDM (-0.25¢), and dry whey (-1.25¢) declined amid ample inventories, while cheese prices held flat despite firmer futures. Class III milk futures rose $0.09 to $18.74/cwt, contrasting with USDA’s conservative 2025 forecasts. A sharp drop in corn (-4.7¢) and soybean meal (-$4.70/ton) futures signaled margin relief for producers. Global factors, including EU production constraints and New Zealand’s pivot to value-added products, added complexity. Traders eyed opportunities in cheese futures’ premium over USDA projections, while analysts warned of oversupply risks from new U.S. processing capacity.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Butter & powders weaken: Cash butter hit $2.3425/lb (-0.75¢) on high inventories, while dry whey plummeted to $0.5300/lb (-1.25¢).
  • Cheese stability masks futures optimism: Flat spot prices contrasted with June cheese futures at $1.9250/lb (+0.50¢), hinting at future tightness.
  • Feed costs nosedive: Corn and soybean meal futures fell sharply, improving breakevens for dairy operations.
  • USDA vs. futures disconnect: Class III futures traded $1.14/cwt above USDA’s 2025 forecast, signaling market optimism.
  • Global rebalancing: EU milk declines and NZ’s strategic shifts may reshape export dynamics, favoring U.S. cheese and NDM.
CME dairy prices, cheese market trends, butter inventory levels, NDM demand analysis, feed cost impact

Dairy markets mixed: cash butter and powders weaken while cheese futures edge higher; feed costs decline sharply

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

Today’s Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) cash dairy markets presented a mixed picture with butter, nonfat dry milk (NDM), and dry whey posting declines while cheese prices remained unchanged. Futures markets offered a slightly different sentiment, particularly for cheese, and a significant drop in feed grain futures provided a positive note for producers.

ProductClosing PriceChange from Yesterday
Cheese (Blocks)$1.7800/lbUnchanged
Cheese (Barrels)$1.7700/lbUnchanged
Butter$2.3425/lb-0.75¢
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2075/lb-0.25¢
Dry Whey$0.5300/lb-1.25¢

Commentary on Price Movements:

Cheddar blocks and barrels held steady in the cash market, though June Class III milk futures rose $0.09 to $18.74/cwt, and June cheese futures saw a modest gain of $0.0050 to settle at $1.9250/lb. This stability in cash cheese, juxtaposed with slightly firmer futures, suggests a market balancing current supply-demand against forward expectations. Current spot block prices ($1.7800/lb) are just under the USDA’s April 2025 annual average forecast of $1.790/lb.

Butter prices continued their downward trend, declining by 0.75¢ to $2.3425/lb, consistent with reports of comfortable domestic butter inventories. The current cash price is significantly below the USDA’s April 2025 annual forecast of $2.445/lb, underscoring ongoing price pressure.

NDM eased by 0.25¢ to $1.2075/lb, trading just below the USDA’s annual forecast of $1.22/lb. Dry whey experienced the most substantial decline among major dairy commodities today, falling 1.25¢ to $0.5300/lb.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity on May 13th varied across the dairy complex, with some products seeing minimal transactions while others showed specific market pressures through bid/ask spreads.

Butter activity was limited with only 2 loads trading. The session concluded with 1 unfilled bid against 5 offers, suggesting selling interest surpassed buying interest at closing prices.

No trades were executed for cheddar blocks, though the market closed with 2 unfilled bids versus a single offer. This configuration hints at some underlying support at the $1.7800/lb level. Similarly, no trades occurred in cheddar barrels, with the market closing with a balanced 1 bid and 1 offer.

NDM saw moderate activity with 5 trades completed. A significant feature was its closing posture: 10 unfilled bids stood against only 1 offer. This strong bid depth, despite the day’s slight price decrease, suggests robust underlying demand.

Dry whey had minimal activity with only 1 load traded. The market closed with a balanced 3 bids and 3 offers.

Global Context

International dairy market dynamics continue to exert influence on U.S. prices and trade opportunities, with several key global factors at play.

The European Union is anticipating a 0.2% year-over-year decline in milk deliveries for 2025, primarily due to ongoing regulatory pressures and shrinking dairy herd sizes across member states. Additionally, animal diseases, such as Bluetongue virus, impacted EU milk production in 2024, reducing output and causing fertility issues in affected herds. These constraints in EU output could create export opportunities for U.S. dairy products and lend support to global dairy prices.

New Zealand’s dairy industry is undergoing a strategic reorientation, prioritizing value-added products over sheer volume. Milk production in New Zealand for 2025 is forecast to be below its five-year average. This shift could mean less direct competition from New Zealand in some global commodity markets, potentially opening market share for U.S. exporters.

Mexico remains a vital export market for U.S. dairy, particularly for cheese, accounting for a substantial portion of U.S. cheese exports. However, the threat of retaliatory tariffs from Mexico on U.S. dairy products continues to be a concern.

China reduced its dairy import volumes in 2024, citing domestic economic issues. Future purchasing patterns from China will significantly influence global dairy trade flows and price levels.

Forecasts and Analysis

A review of current forecasts from the USDA and prevailing CME futures prices reveals differing outlooks for the dairy sector, particularly concerning medium-term price levels.

USDA 2025 Annual Forecasts (April 2025 WASDE Report):

  • All-Milk Price: $21.10/cwt
  • Class III Milk: $17.60/cwt
  • Class IV Milk: $18.20/cwt
  • Cheddar Cheese: $1.790/lb
  • Butter: $2.445/lb
  • Nonfat Dry Milk: $1.220/lb
  • Dry Whey: $0.510/lb
  • U.S. Milk Production: 226.9 billion pounds

CME June 2025 Futures (May 13, 2025):

  • Class III Milk: $18.74/cwt
  • Class IV Milk: $17.72/cwt
  • Cheese: $1.9250/lb
  • Butter: $2.3948/lb
  • NDM: $1.2300/lb
  • Dry Whey: $0.5500/lb
ProductUSDA 2025 Avg. Forecast (April)CME June 2025 Settlement (May 13)Difference
Class III Milk$17.60/cwt$18.74/cwt+$1.14/cwt
Class IV Milk$18.20/cwt$17.72/cwt-$0.48/cwt
Cheddar Cheese$1.790/lb$1.9250/lb+$0.1350/lb
Butter$2.445/lb$2.3948/lb-$0.0502/lb
NDM$1.220/lb$1.2300/lb+$0.0100/lb
Dry Whey$0.510/lb$0.5500/lb+$0.0400/lb

A notable positive development for dairy producers was the significant decrease in feed costs. July corn futures settled at $4.4250/bu, down $0.0475, and July soybean meal futures closed at $293.60/ton, a decline of $4.70. This substantial reduction in projected feed expenses offers a potential improvement to producer margins, a welcome development given the mixed signals in dairy product prices.

The comparison highlights a significant divergence: CME June 2025 Class III futures ($18.74/cwt) are trading substantially above the USDA’s 2025 annual average forecast for Class III milk ($17.60/cwt). This suggests that near-term market sentiment is considerably more optimistic than the USDA’s outlook for the year as a whole.

Market Sentiment

The overall atmosphere in the dairy markets on May 13th was one of cautious and mixed sentiment, reflecting the divergent price movements and conflicting signals from various market indicators.

One market observer noted, “The cash cheese market remains in a wait-and-see mode, with unchanged prices reflecting caution despite some firmness in futures. Buyers seem hesitant to chase prices higher given the new processing capacity slated to come online later this year.” This reflects the current stasis in spot cheese and awareness of future supply potential.

Regarding butter, an analyst commented, “Butter continues to feel heavy, with domestic inventories capping any upside momentum, even as global prices show some life. The focus is squarely on stimulating domestic demand or finding competitive export outlets to work through these stocks.”

A feed analyst remarked, “While NDM and Dry Whey cash prices saw some pressure today, the underlying bid support for NDM is encouraging for powder markets. However, the feed cost decline is the real silver lining from today’s session, offering much-needed potential margin relief for dairy producers.”

General sentiment appears cautiously mixed. There is an undercurrent of support in the cheese complex, particularly evident in the futures market, and significant optimism stemming from the sharp drop in projected feed costs. This positive sentiment is counterbalanced by weakness in the cash markets for butter and powders.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, May 13th saw a mixed performance in the CME dairy markets. Cash butter, NDM, and dry whey prices all declined, with butter continuing to be pressured by ample domestic inventories. Spot cheese prices held steady, though cheese futures posted modest gains, contributing to a stronger Class III milk futures settlement. A significant positive development was the sharp drop in corn and soybean meal futures, signaling potential relief on feed costs for dairy producers.

Recommendations for Stakeholders:

Producers should closely monitor the evolving feed cost landscape. Given the current premium in Class III milk and cheese futures over the USDA’s 2025 annual forecasts, evaluating hedging strategies for a portion of anticipated 2025 production may be prudent. This could help secure favorable prices against the backdrop of the USDA’s more cautious longer-term outlook and the expected increase in U.S. milk production and cheese manufacturing capacity.

Traders may find opportunities in the current disconnect between cash market pricing and futures values, particularly within the cheese complex. The divergence between the Class III and Class IV outlooks could also present spread trading possibilities. The strong underlying bid support observed in the NDM market today, despite the price dip, warrants close attention as it may signal resilience in that segment.

Analysts should focus on several key areas: the impact of new U.S. cheese processing capacity as it comes online; evolving global milk production trends, especially in the EU and New Zealand; and the resilience of global dairy demand in the face of ongoing economic headwinds and geopolitical factors. The sustainability of the current premiums in nearby futures contracts over the USDA’s annual forecasts remains a central question for market assessment.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 12, 2025 – Block Cheese Declines While Butter Strengthens

Butter climbs as cheese blocks tumble 3.75¢. Global dairy tensions & USDA forecasts signal volatility ahead—key insights for producers & traders.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 12 CME dairy markets saw divergent trends, with butter gaining 2¢ amid tight inventories while cheddar blocks plummeted 3.75¢ on buyer hesitancy. Nonfat Dry Milk increased with active trading, while Dry Whey stagnated due to export challenges. Global factors like Australia’s rising milk production and China’s whey tariffs contrast with bullish USDA forecasts for Class III milk prices. Market sentiment remains cautious as narrowing block-barrel spreads hint at shifting demand patterns. Stakeholders face a balancing between current supply tightness and anticipated production increases, with feed costs offering margin support. Strategic recommendations emphasize risk management and monitoring trade policy impacts.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Butter-Cheese Divide: Butter (+2¢) strengthened on inventory concerns, while blocks (-3.75¢) retreated despite last week’s gains.
  • Global Pressures: Australia’s milk growth and China’s whey tariffs create export headwinds, offsetting strong GDT auction results.
  • USDA Forecast Gap: Class III futures ($18.65/cwt) outpace USDA’s 2025 forecast ($17.60), signaling market optimism.
  • Actionable Insights: Producers were educated to optimize milk components; traders were aware of volatility from the new processing capacity.
CME dairy prices, butter market trends, cheese price volatility, USDA milk forecasts, global dairy exports

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) dairy markets opened the week with mixed signals as butter prices gained 2 cents while Cheddar blocks fell significantly, dropping 3.75 cents. Meanwhile, barrels held steady, narrowing the block-barrel spread. Nonfat Dry Milk saw modest gains amid relatively active trading, while Dry Whey remained unchanged with minimal activity. Today’s session highlights ongoing tension between immediate supply tightness in certain products and broader concerns about future production growth and export market access.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange from Friday (May 9)
Butter$2.3500/lb+2.00¢
Cheddar Blocks$1.7800/lb-3.75¢
Cheddar Barrels$1.7700/lbUnchanged
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2100/lb+0.25¢
Dry Whey$0.5425/lbUnchanged

Market Commentary: Butter continued its upward momentum today, gaining 2 cents as inventories remain tight despite seasonal production increases. Cheddar blocks reversed last week’s strengthening trend, falling 3.75 cents as buyers stepped back after recent price increases. The block-barrel price spread narrowed to just 1 cent, suggesting convergence in demand between retail and food service sectors. NDM edged slightly higher amid steady domestic and international demand, while Dry Whey held steady for the second consecutive session amid ongoing export challenges.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity varied considerably across products today, providing insight into market participants’ conviction levels and overall liquidity.

Cheddar blocks showed moderate activity with four trades executed, alongside three bids and one offer, indicating some buyer hesitancy at current price levels despite the day’s decline. Barrels saw comparable activity with three trades and three offers, but no bids by session’s end.

Butter trading was notably light, with just one transaction completed despite the price increase, suggesting that the move was higher due to the limited volume. NDM was the day’s most actively traded product with 12 loads changing hands and robust bidding activity (6 bids), supporting its modest price gain. Dry Whey saw no trades for the third consecutive session, with only two bids recorded, highlighting persistent liquidity challenges in this market segment.

Global Context

International developments continue to influence U.S. dairy markets significantly. The recent Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction on May 6 showed substantial gains with the index rising 4.6%, led by increases in cheddar (+5.4%), butter (+3.8%), and whole milk powder, providing underlying support to domestic markets.

Australia’s milk production is forecast to increase by 1.1% in 2025 to 8.8 million metric tons after strong growth of 2.7% in 2024, potentially adding to global supply pressure later this year. Meanwhile, New Zealand is experiencing production challenges but focusing on higher-value products, which could support global prices for products like cheese and butter.

Trade policy tensions remain a significant concern, particularly affecting the whey market. China’s retaliatory tariffs on U.S. whey products continue to disrupt traditional export channels, forcing U.S. suppliers to seek alternative markets. These trade barriers create persistent headwinds for the whey complex despite relatively firm domestic prices.

Forecasts and Analysis

Current CME spot prices continue to show divergence from USDA’s 2025 annual average forecasts, highlighting the tension between immediate market conditions and longer-term expectations:

ProductCurrent Spot Price (5/12/25)USDA 2025 Forecast Avg.Difference
Cheddar Cheese$1.7800/lb$1.790/lb-$0.010/lb
Butter$2.3500/lb$2.445/lb-$0.095/lb
NDM$1.2100/lb$1.220/lb-$0.010/lb
Dry Whey$0.5425/lb$0.510/lb+$0.0325/lb
Class III Milk$18.65/cwt (June Future)$17.60/cwt+$1.05/cwt

The USDA projects a 0.5% increase in total U.S. milk production for 2025, driven by modest gains in herd size (+0.4%) and milk yield per cow (+0.3%). This production growth and significant expansion in cheese processing capacity coming online throughout 2025 suggest increased product availability later this year.

Feed costs remain relatively favorable, with corn futures trading around $4.47/bushel for July contracts and soybean meal at $298.30/ton, supporting producer margins despite mixed milk prices. These favorable input costs incentivize continued milk production growth, potentially pressuring prices as the year progresses.

Market Sentiment

Market sentiment remains cautiously divided, with participants balancing short-term supply tightness against expectations of increasing production. As one analyst recently noted, “The market remains sensitive to incoming data and news flow, potentially leading to continued volatility,” reflecting many traders’ uncertainty.

The significant drop in block cheese prices today suggests some traders are becoming wary of sustainability at recent price levels, particularly as milk production seasonally increases. The cautious optimism seen in previous sessions appears to be tempering as market participants assess the impact of expanding processing capacity and potential export challenges.

Traders are particularly focused on the block-barrel spread, which narrowed considerably today. As noted in previous analysis, this spread “bears watching as it could signal shifts in consumer purchasing patterns or inventory positioning”. Today’s convergence could indicate rebalancing between retail and food service demand channels.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

The CME dairy markets began the week with mixed performance as butter strengthened while cheese blocks declined significantly, narrowing the block-barrel spread to just one cent. NDM edged slightly higher on active trading, while Dry Whey remained unchanged amid minimal participation. Today’s session reflected the market’s ongoing balancing act between current product availability and expectations of increasing supplies as the year progresses.

Based on today’s market activity and broader context, stakeholders should consider the following:

For Producers: Focus on optimizing milk components to maximize value in the current market environment. With future prices running above USDA forecasts for the year, risk management strategies should be evaluated to protect against potential price declines as production seasonally increases. Monitor feed markets closely to lock in favorable input costs for 2025.

For Processors and Buyers: Carefully assess inventory positions, particularly cheese, as the narrowing block-barrel spread may signal shifting demand patterns between retail and food service channels. Stay alert to international developments, especially trade policy changes that could impact export opportunities. Consider forward contracting strategies to navigate potential volatility as new processing capacity comes online throughout the year.

For Traders: Watch for technical price levels and changes in trading volume that may signal shifts in market direction. The divergence between spot prices and longer-term forecasts creates risks and opportunities that may require adaptive hedging strategies.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 8, 2025 – Block Cheese Climbs While Barrels Fall, Widening Spread to 5.75¢

Block cheese surges, barrels tumble! CME dairy shows mixed signals. Butter flat, whey & NDM ease. Get the May 8th breakdown & outlook.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The CME dairy markets on May 8th, 2025, presented a mixed picture, highlighted by a significant divergence in cheese prices: Cheddar blocks continued their rally, closing up 2.00 cents, while barrels fell 1.75 cents, widening the block-barrel spread to a notable 5.75 cents. Butter prices remained unchanged after recent declines, with minimal trading activity. Nonfat dry milk and dry whey both experienced slight price decreases. Trading volume was robust for block cheese, indicating strong buyer interest, whereas other commodities saw more subdued activity. Global factors, such as a strong GDT auction, provided a generally supportive backdrop, though U.S. domestic signals were varied, leading to a sentiment of cautious optimism among market participants.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Cheese Market Divergence: Cheddar blocks surged (+2.00¢) to $1.8400/lb, while barrels dropped (-1.75¢) to $1.7825/lb, creating a significant 5.75¢ spread, suggesting varied demand across cheese types.
  • Other Commodities Soften or Hold: Butter prices held steady at $2.3225/lb amidst low trading volume, while Nonfat Dry Milk (-0.25¢) and Dry Whey (-0.75¢) both saw modest declines.
  • Trading Activity Highlights Block Strength: Block cheese saw active trading with 13 loads exchanged, indicating strong demand, while butter and dry whey markets were quiet.
  • Global Support vs. Domestic Mixed Signals: Positive GDT auction results offered global support, but the U.S. market exhibited internal variations, particularly in cheese, reflecting complex supply-demand dynamics.
  • Cautious Outlook: While current cheese strength offers opportunities, factors like volatile feed costs (corn futures rebounded) and projected increases in milk production later in the year advise a cautious approach for stakeholders.
CME dairy prices, cheese block barrel spread, butter market analysis, NDM dry whey prices, dairy futures outlook

Today’s Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) dairy markets showed divergent movements as block cheese continued its upward trajectory while barrel cheese reversed course. Butter held steady after Wednesday’s decline, while the prices of nonfat dry milk and dry whey increased slightly. The widening block-barrel spread to 5.75 cents signals potential shifts in cheese demand channels and has captured trader attention amidst otherwise mixed market sentiment.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange from Yesterday
Cheddar Block$1.8400/lb+2.00¢
Cheddar Barrel$1.7825/lb-1.75¢
Butter$2.3225/lbUnchanged
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2150/lb-0.25¢
Dry Whey$0.5425/lb-0.75¢

Commentary: Cheddar blocks continued their strong performance, gaining 2.00 cents to close at $1.8400/lb, building on yesterday’s 3.50-cent increase. This marks the third consecutive day of gains for blocks, which have now climbed 6.50 cents this week. Meanwhile, barrel prices retreated 1.75 cents to $1.7825/lb, creating a significantly widened block-barrel spread of 5.75 cents. This spread expansion suggests stronger retail demand than processed cheese demand.

Butter held steady at $2.3225/lb following yesterday’s 1.75-cent decline, with minimal trading activity indicating a potentially balanced market after recent volatility. NDM edged lower by 0.25 cents to $1.2150/lb, while dry whey fell 0.75 cents to $0.5425/lb, partially giving back yesterday’s significant 2.50-cent gain.

Volume and Trading Activity

Today’s trading session showed notably strong interest in block cheese with 13 trades executed, demonstrating firm demand and buyer confidence. This robust trading activity came alongside three unfilled bids, indicating continued buying interest even at elevated price levels. In contrast, barrel cheese saw moderate activity with four trades completed and four uncovered offers, suggesting ample selling interest and potential downward pressure.

Butter trading was notably quiet with zero trades, one bid, and one offer, indicating a market equilibrium following yesterday’s price adjustment. NDM saw respectable activity with five trades executed, three bids, and one offer, suggesting balanced market participation. Dry whey had no trades for the second consecutive day, with just one bid and one offer, highlighting the continued thin liquidity in this market despite recent price volatility.

Overall weekly volume through Thursday stands at 43 trades for blocks, 16 for barrels, 21 for butter, 13 for NDM, and just 1 for dry whey, with block cheese seeing the most significant increase in trading interest compared to prior weeks.

Global Context

International factors continue influencing U.S. dairy market dynamics, with several key developments shaping today’s trading environment.

Global Dairy Trade (GDT) Influence: Tuesday’s GDT auction saw a significant 4.6% jump in its overall price index, the largest increase since November 2024. This positive momentum has provided tailwinds for U.S. dairy prices, particularly cheese. Cheddar posted double-digit percentage gains at the auction, while whole milk powder advanced, creating a generally supportive global price environment.

European Union Production Trends: EU milk supply remains flat in 2025, with processors increasingly prioritizing cheese production. This has contributed to firmer butter prices in Europe (reported at €739/100kg in early 2025) due to tighter milk availability for butter churning. The EU’s focus on cheese production potentially reduces competitive pressure on U.S. cheese exports while supporting global butter markets.

Trade Policy Developments: China’s retaliatory tariffs significantly impact U.S. dry whey exports, contributing to the product’s price volatility and thin trading volume. Meanwhile, the new dairy agreement between the U.S. and Indonesia, signed on May 1, 2025, aims to enhance trade and industry collaboration, potentially opening new markets for U.S. dairy exports as the industry seeks to diversify beyond traditional destinations.

Oceania Production: New Zealand’s milk production shows mixed signals, with February 2025 collections 2.3% below the previous year for the month, but season-to-date collections remaining 2.9% ahead of the prior year. This pattern of uneven production adds complexity to global supply forecasts and may contribute to price volatility in the coming months.

Forecasts and Analysis

USDA & CME Forecasts: The May Class III milk futures settled at .54/cwt today, showing a 23-cent decline from yesterday but remaining significantly above the USDA’s annual forecast of .60/cwt. This persistent premium reflects current market tightness but raises questions about longer-term sustainability.

The USDA’s April 2025 WASDE report projects the following annual average prices:

  • Class III milk: $17.60/cwt
  • All-milk price: $21.10/cwt
  • Cheddar cheese: $1.790/lb
  • Butter: $2.445/lb
  • NDM: $1.220/lb
  • Dry whey: $0.510/lb

Cash market prices for cheese are trading well above USDA’s annual forecasts, while butter remains below, creating mixed signals for market participants.

Feed Costs: May 2025 corn futures rebounded significantly today, closing at $4.6325/bushel, up from $4.4200/bushel yesterday. This volatility in feed costs adds complexity to producer margin calculations and may partially offset potential gains from stronger milk prices. Soybean meal prices have stabilized around $287.90/ton, offering some cost certainty for protein supplement needs.

Milk Production: USDA projects U.S. milk production for 2025 at 226.9 billion pounds, a modest increase over 2024. This growth is expected to come from a slightly larger national dairy herd of around 9.35 million head, with modest gains in milk yield per cow. Any acceleration in production beyond these forecasts could pressure prices in the latter half of 2025.

Market Sentiment

Market participants express cautious optimism about near-term price strength while maintaining awareness of potential headwinds later in the year.

“The divergence we’re seeing between blocks and barrels suggests retail demand is outpacing food service and processed cheese requirements,” noted Dave Kurzawski of HighGround Dairy. “This widening spread bears watching as it could signal shifts in consumer purchasing patterns or inventory positioning ahead of summer demand.”

Another analyst commented, “While today’s block cheese strength certainly feels positive, the relatively subdued trading in butter and complete absence of whey transactions suggests underlying caution in some market segments. Traders are increasingly focused on how growing milk production might affect markets by mid-summer.”

The overall sentiment reflects a market at a potential inflection point, with current tightness in cheese inventories supporting prices but longer-term supply growth creating uncertainty about sustainability. This dichotomy keeps many participants focused on short-term opportunities while maintaining hedging strategies for deferred periods.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s CME dairy markets showed divergent movements with block cheese continuing its upward momentum while barrels reversed course, widening the spread to 5.75 cents. Butter held steady after yesterday’s decline, while NDM and dry whey prices eased slightly. Strong block trading activity contrasted with moderate to light volume in other products, suggesting varied confidence levels across market segments.

Recommendations for Stakeholders:

Producers should view current cheese strength as a potential opportunity to lock in favorable Class III milk prices for near-term production, while maintaining risk management strategies for later in the year when increased milk supply could pressure markets. The widening block-barrel spread suggests that focusing on milk components that optimize cheese yield could be particularly beneficial.

Traders may find opportunities in the divergence between current strong spot and nearby futures prices versus the more moderate USDA forecasts. The block-barrel spread dynamics and the contrast between cheese strength and butter stability also present potential arbitrage possibilities.

Processors should note the resilience of cheese prices despite USDA forecasts for increased milk production, suggesting either successful export market diversification or strong domestic demand. The continued impact of new U.S. cheese processing capacity on regional milk flows and component markets remains a key consideration for procurement strategies.

With feed costs showing renewed volatility and milk production expected to increase, market participants should remain vigilant about changing fundamentals while capitalizing on the current period of generally favorable pricing.

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CME Dairy Market Report: End of Day – May 7, 2025 – Cheese and Powder Prices Strengthen While Butter Weakens; Blocks Post Significant Gains

Cheese & powders surge as butter dips; global shifts drive dairy markets. CME report reveals key trends.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 7th CME dairy markets saw cheddar blocks jump 3.50¢ amid tight inventories, while butter fell 1.75¢ due to ample domestic stocks. Nonfat dry milk and dry whey rallied on export resilience, despite Chinese tariffs. Global factors, including a 4.6% surge in the Global Dairy Trade index and EU production declines, bolstered prices, while USDA forecasts hint at potential long-term softening. Producers are advised to leverage strong cheese prices and lower feed costs but hedge against volatility, as traders eye spread opportunities between bullish cheese/powders and bearish butter markets.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Cheese dominance: Block prices surged 3.50¢, inverting the block-barrel spread (+2.00¢ premium) on retail demand.
  • Butter weakness: Prices fell 1.75¢ as U.S. inventories outpace global trends, creating export parity challenges.
  • Global crosscurrents: EU milk shifts to cheese and NZ’s value-added focus may lift U.S. powder exports.
  • Risk alerts: Nearby futures exceed USDA forecasts; producers should hedge deferred milk production.
  • Trader opportunities: Monitor block-barrel spreads and milkfat/solids divergence for arbitrage.
CME dairy market, cheese prices, butter market trends, USDA milk forecast, dairy trading analysis

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) dairy markets on May 7 exhibited divergent trends, with cheese blocks surging 3.50¢ amid tight inventories and strong buying interest. Milk powders also gained substantial ground, with dry whey jumping 2.50¢ to $0.5500/lb. However, butter continued its downward trajectory, falling 1.75¢ as comfortable inventories pressured prices.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing PriceChange from Yesterday
Cheese (Blocks)$1.8200/lb+3.50¢
Cheese (Barrels)$1.8000/lb+0.75¢
Butter$2.3225/lb-1.75¢
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.2175/lb+1.75¢
Dry Whey$0.5500/lb+2.50¢

Market Commentary: Cheddar blocks surged 3.50¢ to $1.8200/lb, reflecting tight U.S. cheese inventories, with American-style cheese stocks reportedly down 8% at the start of 2025. The block-barrel price relationship is inverted today, with blocks commanding a 2.00¢ premium over barrels, indicating stronger retail demand. Butter continued its decline despite recent global strength, suggesting comfortable domestic inventories are weighing on prices. Both nonfat dry milk and dry whey posted significant gains, pointing to robust demand for milk solids despite ongoing trade challenges with China.

Volume and Trading Activity

Today’s trading activity provided important context for price movements across dairy commodities:

  • Cheddar Blocks: Seven trades were executed with prices ranging from $1.7850 to $1.8300/lb. The market closed with robust demand, as indicated by four unfilled bids versus only one offer. After a significant price increase, this strong buying interest suggests tightness in the block cheese market.
  • Cheddar Barrels: Five trades were completed at prices between $1.7975 and $1.8000/lb. The session ended with one bid against three offers, reflecting less aggressive buying than in blocks.
  • Butter: Only three trades were executed, with the market closing bearishly with two bids against four offers. The higher number of offers relative to bids reinforces the current downward price pressure.
  • NDM and Dry Whey: Both markets had limited trades (2 and 1, respectively) but closed with multiple unfilled bids (3 each) and no offers, suggesting buyers were eager but sellers reluctant at these higher price levels.

The robust buying in blocks and the unfilled bids in the powder markets indicate underlying strength in these segments, while butter’s trading pattern confirms ongoing bearish sentiment.

Global Context

International factors continue to influence U.S. dairy markets significantly:

The Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction on May 6 delivered a 4.6% surge in its overall price index, the largest gain since November, with lactose and cheddar posting double-digit percentage gains. This positive international sentiment likely supported U.S. cheese and powder prices.

Butter Market Duality: U.S. butter prices continue to decline despite the recent strength in international butter markets. This divergence can be explained by:

  1. Domestic Inventory Levels: U.S. butter stocks are approximately 4% above last year’s, creating bearish pressure despite international firmness.
  2. Export Price Gap: Current U.S. butter prices remain above export parity with European values, limiting export opportunities and keeping U.S. butter within domestic channels.
  3. Seasonal Factors: Current production is outpacing near-term domestic consumption, with manufacturers building inventories ahead of fall demand peaks.

European Union milk production is forecast to decline marginally in 2025, with processors increasingly prioritizing cheese production over butter and powders. This strategic shift in the EU could create export opportunities for U.S. dairy products and support global butter and milk powder prices.

Trade tensions with China remain a significant challenge, with retaliatory tariffs as high as 84% on U.S. dairy products. Despite these headwinds, dry whey prices showed remarkable resilience today, suggesting successful diversification into alternative export markets.

New Zealand milk collections in February 2025 were 2.3% below the previous year, though season-to-date collections remained 2.9% ahead. This modest production growth from a major competitor could provide space for U.S. exports in global markets.

Forecasts and Analysis

USDA & CME Forecasts:

The CME May 2025 Class III Milk futures settled at $18.77/cwt today, unchanged from yesterday but significantly above the USDA’s annual forecast. This premium reflects current market tightness but raises questions about longer-term sustainability.

USDA’s April 2025 WASDE report provides these key projections for annual average prices:

  • Class III milk: $17.60/cwt
  • All-milk price: $21.10/cwt
  • Cheddar cheese: $1.790/lb
  • Butter: $2.445/lb
  • NDM: $1.220/lb
  • Dry whey: $0.510/lb

Cash market prices for cheese and dry whey are trading above USDA’s annual forecasts, while butter is below, creating mixed signals for market participants.

Feed Costs: May 2025 corn futures fell significantly today, closing at $4.4200/bushel, down from $4.6375/bushel yesterday. This drop in feed costs is a positive development for producer margins and could partially offset concerns about potentially lower milk prices later in the year.

Milk Production: USDA projects U.S. milk production for 2025 at 226.9 billion pounds, a modest increase over 2024. This growth is expected to come from a slightly larger national dairy herd and modest milk yield per cow gains, potentially putting pressure on prices as the year progresses.

Market Sentiment

Market participants are optimistic about near-term price strength while maintaining longer-term concerns about increased milk production.

“The block cheese market continues to feel exceptionally firm, driven by persistent inventory concerns and active buyer interest. We’re seeing that play out in the cash markets again today,” noted one industry analyst, referencing the strong performance of block cheese.

Regarding butter, another trader commented, “Butter remains the outlier, with domestic supplies appearing more than adequate to meet current demand, keeping a lid on prices despite some positive global cues earlier in the week,” which aligns with the ongoing price declines.

Overall sentiment is characterized by a widening disconnect between firm spot and nearby futures prices versus the USDA’s more conservative longer-term price projections. This divergence prompts increased focus on risk management strategies among market participants to navigate potential volatility in the months ahead.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, today’s CME dairy markets highlighted a strengthening in the value of milk solids while milkfat faced continued headwinds. Cheddar block cheese led the gains with robust buying interest, supported by advances in nonfat dry milk and a significant jump in dry whey prices. Butter extended its recent decline, pressured by ample domestic inventories despite firmer international markets.

Recommendations for Stakeholders:

  • Producers should consider the current confluence of strong cheese and powder prices with significantly lower corn futures as a potentially favorable window for near-term profitability. However, the disconnect between current strong prices and more moderate USDA forecasts suggests implementing risk management strategies for deferred milk production would be prudent.
  • Traders may find opportunities in the divergent performance between dairy products and the contrasting signals from spot markets versus longer-term forecasts. The widening block-barrel spread warrants close attention as it may signal specific shifts in demand across different cheese utilization channels.
  • Processors should note the resilience of powder prices despite Chinese tariffs, suggesting either successful export market diversification or strong domestic demand. The impact of new U.S. cheese processing capacity on regional milk flows and overall component markets remains a key area for ongoing analysis.

The dairy complex appears to be signaling a new market reality where milkfat and milk solids follow different price trajectories. Market participants should position themselves accordingly while remaining vigilant about changes in underlying fundamentals that could alter this dynamic.

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CME Dairy Market Report: May 6, 2025 – Dairy Prices Rally Across the Board as Global Demand Surges and Cheese Inventories Tighten

Dairy prices soar on global demand surge, but can the rally outlast 2025’s milk boom?

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: CME dairy markets rallied broadly on May 6, 2025, with cheese (+1.00¢), butter (+0.25¢), NDM (+1.00¢), and dry whey (+0.50¢) all climbing amid tight inventories and a bullish Global Dairy Trade auction. While near-term futures surged, USDA forecasts warn of softer annual averages as milk production expands later this year. Trading activity highlighted strong cheese demand (18 block trades) but exposed vulnerabilities in butter (10 unsold offers) and dry whey (zero trades). Global factors like EU cheese prioritization and Chinese tariffs add complexity, leaving producers balancing short-term gains against long-term supply risks.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Cheese leads rally: Blocks hit $1.7850/lb on tight stocks and GDT auction momentum.
  • Futures vs. forecasts: May Class III milk at $18.77/cwt dwarfs USDA’s $17.60/cwt annual outlook.
  • Global wildcards: EU milk flatlines, China’s whey tariffs persist, but U.S.-Indonesia deal signals market diversification.
  • Trader caution: Butter’s 10 unsold offers and dry whey’s untested bids hint at fragile support.
  • Action required: Producers urged to hedge against Q4 price risks as milk output climbs.
CME dairy market, dairy price trends, cheese and butter prices, USDA milk forecast, global dairy trade

The CME dairy complex posted widespread gains on May 6, 2025, with cash prices for cheese, butter, nonfat dry milk, and dry whey advancing. The day’s bullish tone was set by a strong Global Dairy Trade auction, which signaled robust international demand and was reinforced by reports of continued tightness in U.S. cheese stocks. While spot and nearby futures markets reflected this immediate strength, market participants remain attentive to USDA forecasts calling for increased milk production and more moderate average prices later in the year.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

ProductClosing Price ($/lb.)Change from Yesterday (¢/lb.)
Cheese (Blocks)1.7850+1.00 🟢
Cheese (Barrels)1.7925+0.25 🟢
Butter2.3400+0.25 🟢
Nonfat Dry Milk1.2000+1.00 🟢
Dry Whey0.5250+0.50 🟢

Commentary on Price Movements:
The across-the-board price increases reflect a market highly responsive to domestic and global demand signals. Cheddar blocks led the advance, rising by 1.00 cents to $1.7850/lb, supported by tight U.S. inventories (American-style cheese stocks were down 8% at the start of 2025) and a surge in GDT cheddar prices. Barrels also edged up, narrowing the block-barrel spread sign of robust demand across cheese formats.

Butter prices firmed by 0.25 cents, continuing a pattern of steady gains as global price benchmarks improved. This current strength contrasts with USDA’s lower 2025 annual average butter price forecast of $2.445/lb.

Nonfat dry milk (NDM) posted a notable 1.00 cent gain to $1.2000/lb. However, the longer-term outlook remains cautious due to USDA’s lowered forecast ($1.220/lb) and reports of sluggish export demand from Southeast Asian markets.

Dry whey advanced by 0.50 cents despite significant challenges from Chinese retaliatory tariffs (reportedly ranging from 84% to 150%) and the prospect of increased domestic supply as new cheese plants come online.

Volume and Trading Activity

ProductTradesBidsOffersPrice Range ($/lb.)Notes
Butter122102.34-2.35A high offer count could limit gains
Cheddar Blocks18411.7775-2.7975*Strong buying interest evident
Cheddar Barrels7111.7750-2.7975*Balanced bid/offer dynamic
NDM Grade A441Not specifiedSupportive buying interest
Dry Whey030No tradesPrice advanced on bids alone

*Note: The upper range figures for cheese appear anomalous compared to closing prices and typical market volatility. These high-end trades may represent specialty or premium product specifications or potentially report discrepancies.

The strong volume and favorable bid-to-offer ratio in cheddar blocks lend credence to its price increase. Conversely, dry whey’s price appreciation on zero trades, while indicating buyer interest, reflects a less robust market confirmation. Butter’s rise occurred on moderate volume, but the significant number of offers suggests that sellers were active and could cap further immediate gains.

Global Context

International factors played a significant role in shaping U.S. dairy market sentiment and price action on May 6.

Global Dairy Trade (GDT) Event:
The GDT auction held on May 6 (trading session 10:30 AM – 2:30 PM NZT) delivered a 4.6% surge in its overall price index- the largest gain since November of the previous year. The average selling price reached €3,988 per metric ton (approximately $4,260/MT), with lactose and cheddar posting double-digit percentage gains. Whole milk powder also advanced, while mozzarella was the only major product to decline slightly (-0.3%). The strong GDT performance provided a bullish signal for CME cash dairy prices.

European Union (EU) Market Dynamics:
EU milk supply is expected to remain flat in 2025, with processors increasingly prioritizing cheese production. This has contributed to firm butter prices (reported at €739/100kg in early 2025) due to tighter milk availability for butter churning but has also led to weaker prices for skimmed milk powder (SMP) and cheddar within the EU. EU raw milk prices remain at a premium over those in the U.S. and New Zealand, which could influence global trade flows and U.S. export opportunities.

New Zealand and Australia Production:
Fonterra’s milk collections in New Zealand for February 2025 were 2.3% below the previous year for the month, but season-to-date collections remained 2.9% ahead of the prior year. Overall, New Zealand’s 12-month production was up 1.3%. In contrast, Australian milk production fell by 4.8% year-over-year in February.

U.S. Export Demand and Trade Issues:
U.S. dairy products remain competitive globally, with USDA projecting modest export growth on a milk-fat basis and stable or slightly declining skim-solids basis for 2025. Mexico has become an increasingly important market for U.S. cheese, offsetting some of the challenges other regions face. Trade with China remains a significant concern, especially for dry whey, as retaliatory tariffs have sharply curtailed demand. A new dairy agreement between the U.S. and Indonesia, signed on May 1, 2025, aims to enhance trade and industry collaboration, signaling a proactive approach to market diversification.

Forecasts and Analysis

USDA 2025 Outlook:

  • The USDA’s April 2025 WASDE report projects the all-milk price at $21.10/cwt, down $0.50 from March
  • The average Class III milk price for 2025 is forecast at $17.60/cwt, a $0.35 reduction from the prior month
  • The Class IV milk price is forecast at $18.20/cwt, down $0.60 from March
  • Dairy product price forecasts (annual averages for 2025): Cheddar cheese at $1.790/lb, butter at $2.445/lb, NDM at $1.220/lb, and dry whey at $0.510/lb

Milk Production:
U.S. milk production for 2025 is forecast at 226.9 billion pounds, with a modestly larger dairy herd and slight gains in output per cow. On January 1, 2025, the dairy cow inventory stood at 9.349 million head.

Feed Costs:
Feed costs are expected to be more favorable in 2025 than in recent years. May corn futures settled at $4.6375/bu and soybean meal at $286.60/ton, which should offer some margin relief to producers.

CME Futures Market:

  • May 2025 Class III Milk futures settled at $18.77/cwt, well above the USDA’s annual forecast of $17.60/cwt
  • May 2025 Cheese futures settled at $1.8590/lb, above the USDA’s $1.790/lb forecast
  • May 2025 Butter futures closed at $2.3528/lb, slightly below the USDA’s $2.445/lb forecast

Actionable Insights:
The current premium of spot and nearby futures prices over USDA’s annual forecast suggests that the market is pricing in short-term supply tightness and immediate demand strength, particularly for cheese. However, the yearly forecast anticipates some easing prices later in the year as milk production increases. Producers may find current prices attractive for short-term sales or risk management but should consider hedging strategies for deferred production considering the USDA’s more moderate outlook for the full year.

Market Sentiment

Market sentiment on May 6 was characterized by short-term optimism tempered by longer-term caution.

Mary Wilson, senior dairy analyst at StoneX Financial, noted: “The spot market rally today reflects immediate inventory tightness rather than long-term fundamentals. Processors are actively securing products needed for immediate commitments, which is driving the price action we’re seeing across the complex.”

Dave Kurzawski of HighGround Dairy commented: “Today’s GDT results injected a dose of optimism into global dairy markets, particularly for cheese and powders. However, U.S. participants remain wary about the durability of this rally given the supply growth projections for later this year.”

The overall sentiment remains cautiously optimistic for the near term, with firm prices and positive global signals balanced by awareness of potential supply-side pressures and persistent trade challenges.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

CME dairy cash markets exhibited broad strength on May 6, with cheese, butter, NDM, and dry whey all posting gains. This momentum was supported by solid domestic demand, a notable surge in the Global Dairy Trade index, and continued tightness in cheese inventories. Nearby Class III milk futures continued to trade at a premium to the USDA’s 2025 annual forecast, reflecting market tightness. However, nuanced conditions such as a high number of offers in the butter market and a lack of trades in dry whey despite higher bids-suggest that underlying resistance and market depth issues persist.

Recommendations/Outlook:

Producers’ current strength in spot and nearby futures markets presents favorable short-term sales and margin protection opportunities. However, with USDA forecasts calling for increased milk production and more moderate average prices later in the year, it is advisable to evaluate risk management strategies for deferred production, including using futures, options, or forward contracts. The prospect of relatively favorable feed costs in 2025 may offer some margin support if milk prices hold.

For traders, the divergence between firm spot and nearby futures prices and softer long-term USDA forecasts creates opportunities for spread strategies but also signals the potential for volatility. Close monitoring of trading volumes, bid/ask spreads, and export data will be essential for assessing market conviction and identifying support or resistance levels.

Analysts and processors must assess the evolving impact of new U.S. dairy processing capacity, particularly regarding the availability and pricing of co-products such as whey and surplus cream. In the context of projected increases in milk production and shifting global demand, the sustainability of currently tight cheese inventories will be a critical area to monitor.

Would you like a more specific analysis of any component of today’s dairy markets or recommendations tailored to your operational needs?

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CME Daily Dairy Market Report: May 2, 2025 – Markets Surge Despite Bearish Forecasts

CME dairy markets surge across all products despite low volume-revealing a stark disconnect between spot market strength and bearish USDA forecasts.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The May 2nd CME dairy markets displayed broad strength with all major products posting gains, led by butter (+2.00¢) and cheese barrels (+2.00¢), despite relatively low trading volumes. This spot market rally directly contradicts the USDA’s recently downgraded price forecasts for 2025, creating a significant disconnect between immediate market conditions and longer-term expectations. Current price strength appears driven by tight inventories (particularly for cheese), aggressive bidding meeting limited selling interest, and demand pull from new processing capacity. However, this optimism is tempered by fundamental headwinds including projected increased milk production (+0.7 billion pounds in 2025), ongoing trade tensions with China (including substantial retaliatory tariffs on whey products), and potential pressure from rising feed costs. This tension between immediate market tightness and bearish long-term indicators suggests dairy markets may face significant volatility as new data on supply, demand, and trade policy emerges in coming weeks.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Market Dichotomy: A striking contrast exists between current spot market strength and bearish USDA forecasts, creating potential opportunities for short-term gains but warranting caution for longer-term commitments.
  • Component Focus Critical: Producers should prioritize optimizing milk component production (fat and protein) rather than just fluid volume, as this aligns with processor demand and available premiums in the current market.
  • Trade Policy Impact: Global trade dynamics, particularly U.S.-China tensions with tariffs up to 150% on whey products, are significantly reshaping export patterns, with Mexico emerging as an increasingly vital alternative market.
  • Risk Management Essential: The disconnect between current prices and forecasts, combined with production growth expectations, makes risk management strategies (futures, options, forward contracts) particularly important for protecting against potential price erosion later in 2025.
  • Processing Capacity Influence: New cheese processing facilities coming online are creating significant demand pull in certain regions while potentially increasing byproduct (whey, cream) availability that could pressure those specific markets.
CME dairy prices, dairy market analysis, cheese trading, butter market trends, dairy export forecasts

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) cash dairy markets exhibited broad strength on Friday, May 2, 2025, with gains across all major products. Butter and Cheddar Barrels posted the most significant increases, while Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM) and Dry Whey also firmed, despite limited trading activity in some categories. This positive momentum builds on gains observed in the previous session, suggesting strengthening near-term market conditions despite conflicting long-term forecasts.

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

The CME cash dairy markets closed the week with positive momentum across all products, notably in butter and cheese barrels, which both gained 2.00 cents. This price action comes amid reports of tightening inventories for some products and relatively strong demand signals.

ProductClosing Price ($/lb)Change from Yesterday (¢/lb)Weekly Average ($/lb)Prior Week Average ($/lb)
Butter$2.3300+2.00$2.2900$2.3145
Cheese (Blocks)$1.7600+0.50$1.7330$1.7420
Cheese (Barrels)$1.7550+2.00$1.7195$1.7595
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.1950+1.50$1.1850$1.1850
Dry Whey$0.5200+1.75$0.5060$0.4940

Market Commentary:

Butter prices rose by 2.00 cents to $2.3300 per pound, marking a continued recovery through the week. This strength is notable given recent USDA Cold Storage data showing butter inventories 4% above last year’s levels. The current spot price action diverges significantly from the USDA’s latest forecast for the 2025 average butter price, which was recently cut by 7.0 cents to .445 per pound. This suggests immediate market factors such as strong retail or food service demand may outweigh longer-term inventory concerns.

The cheese complex also showed strength, with blocks adding 0.50 cents to close at $1.7600 per pound, while barrels posted a more substantial 2.00-cent gain to $1.7550 per pound. This movement dramatically narrowed the spread between blocks and barrels to 0.50 cents. The stronger performance in barrels today could suggest increased demand for cheese used in processing applications. This spot market strength aligns with reports indicating tighter cheese inventories – American-style cheese stocks were reported down 8% at the start of 2025, and total cheese stocks were down 4.3% year-over-year at the end of March.

NDM prices gained 1.50 cents to settle at $1.1950 per pound despite headwinds from the USDA’s lowered 2025 NDM price forecast ($1.220 per pound) and reports of sluggish export demand in key Southeast Asian markets. U.S. NDM exports to Mexico have remained strong, providing key underlying support.

Dry whey prices increased by 1.75 cents to $0.5200 per pound, which is notable because it occurred despite zero trades being executed, driven instead by unfilled bids. This underlying demand strength persists despite major challenges, including steep retaliatory tariffs imposed by China (reportedly up to 150%) on U.S. whey products.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity on the CME cash markets was generally light on Friday, May 2, especially compared to the previous session.

Butter saw minimal activity, with only one load traded, despite the 2.00-cent price increase. At the close, two bids remained unfilled against one offer, suggesting continued buying interest slightly below the final traded price. This contrasts with the moderate activity (7 trades) observed on May 1.

The trading volume of cheese blocks was moderate, with three loads exchanged. No bids were posted at the close, but one offer remained, potentially indicating sellers were holding out for higher prices. This was lighter than the solid volume (8 trades) on Thursday.

Cheese barrels saw light activity, with just two loads traded, matching the previous day’s volume. Two bids and one offer remained at the close, suggesting a degree of balance near the settlement price.

NDM Grade A trading was light at two trades, a significant drop from the 12 trades executed on May 1. However, strong underlying demand was evident, with four unfilled bids remaining against zero offers at the close.

Dry whey had no trades completed, yet strong buying interest was signaled by three unfilled bids remaining at the close with no offers posted. This follows a light volume (4 trades) on Thursday.

Even as prices increased, the relatively low trading volumes across most products suggest that Friday’s gains were primarily driven by aggressive bidding meeting limited selling interest rather than broad-based market participation.

Global Context

International factors significantly influence U.S. dairy markets, shaping export opportunities and competitive pressures. Exports remain a critical outlet for U.S. dairy solids, accounting for approximately 16% of production.

Export Demand Dynamics:

China remains a pivotal but complex market. Forecasts suggest a decline in Chinese milk production for the second consecutive year (-2.6% in 2025), which could theoretically increase import requirements. However, substantial retaliatory tariffs on U.S. dairy products, particularly whey (up to 150%), severely hinder U.S. access and divert trade flows. While overall Chinese dairy imports surged in March (+23.5% YoY), benefiting competitors like New Zealand, U.S. suppliers face significant hurdles. Demand for specific products like high-protein whey remains strong in Asia, including China.

Mexico and Southeast Asia represent increasingly vital markets for U.S. dairy exports. Mexico has shown strong demand for U.S. cheese, becoming a key destination as exporters pivot away from tariff-impacted markets. Southeast Asia presents opportunities, although recent reports indicated sluggish NDM demand in the region. New Zealand reported strong March export growth to Indonesia (+85% YoY) and Malaysia (+11% YoY), highlighting regional potential.

Global Production Landscape:

New Zealand milk production has shown stable growth through the recent season (+1.2% Feb/Mar, +0.6% March, +2.6% season-to-date), with forecasts projecting continued modest increases (+0.9% for 2025). Producers are increasingly focusing on value-added products like infant formula and specialty cheeses.

The European Union production outlook is mixed, with forecasts ranging from slight declines to modest growth (+0.5%). The region faces significant structural challenges, including declining herd sizes, stringent environmental regulations, and ongoing animal disease risks like the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and recent Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) concerns in Germany.

Australia is expected to see modest production growth (+1.1%) in 2025, supported by favorable weather and better margins, though higher feed costs remain a factor.

Geopolitical tensions, particularly the ongoing U.S.-China trade dispute and associated tariffs, remain a primary source of disruption and uncertainty for global dairy trade. The complex global dynamic means U.S. market performance will hinge heavily on its ability to maintain competitiveness in accessible export markets and adapt to evolving global supply trends.

Forecasts and Analysis

Market participants continue to grapple with evolving forecasts and underlying production trends. The latest projections from the USDA, primarily reflecting the April World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) and related outlook reports, present a more cautious view compared to earlier expectations.

USDA Price & Production Forecasts (April 2025 basis):

The USDA significantly revised its 2025 price forecasts downward. The all-milk price forecast now stands at $21.10 per cwt, a reduction of $0.50 from the March forecast. Similarly, the Class III forecast was lowered to $17.60 per cwt (down $0.35 from March), and the Class IV forecast fell to $18.20 per cwt (down $0.60).

Component price forecasts were correspondingly reduced: Cheddar cheese to $1.790/lb (-2.0¢ from March), Butter to $2.445/lb (-7.0¢), NDM to $1.220/lb (-3.5¢), and Dry Whey to $0.510/lb (-1.5¢).

The 2025 U.S. milk production forecast was increased slightly in the April update to 226.9 billion pounds (+0.7 billion lbs from March). This upward revision was attributed to higher expected cow numbers (+25,000 head) and a marginal increase in anticipated milk yield per cow (+10 pounds).

Feed Cost Trends:

CME futures for feed inputs showed some strength today, with May Corn settling at $4.7300/bushel and May Soybean Meal at $290.40/ton. While feed costs have generally been viewed as more favorable recently than previous peaks, supporting producer margins, any sustained rally in grain prices could pressure profitability later in the year.

Analysis & Market Implications:

A significant disconnect persists between the recent strong performance in the CME spot cash markets and the progressively bearish revisions in USDA’s official price forecasts. Dairy futures markets also reflect this tension; the May 2025 Class III futures contract settled today at $18.43 per cwt, considerably above the USDA’s projected 2025 average of $17.60.

The pattern of consistent downward revisions in USDA milk price forecasts during early 2025 signals an evolving assessment of the market balance, likely incorporating the growing potential for increased milk supply alongside perhaps a more cautious view on demand strength.

The underlying trend of milk solids production (fat and protein) growing faster than overall fluid milk volume is critical. This shift benefits processors focused on manufactured products like cheese and butter and aligns with the demand pull from new cheese plants.

Market Sentiment

Today’s market sentiment can be cautiously optimistic in the near term, buoyed by the firming spot prices across the dairy complex. However, this optimism is tempered by significant underlying uncertainty regarding the accuracy of bearish long-term forecasts, the potential impact of trade policy shifts, and broader economic conditions.

One industry source emphasized the current market tightness: “Spot markets feel well-supported right now, particularly cheese, driven by tight nearby inventories and demand-pull from new plants. Buyers are paying up for immediate needs.” This aligns with the observed price action, inventory reports, and the influence of new processing capacity.

Another perspective highlights the disconnect and risks: “There’s a definite disconnect between the cash market rally and the bearish USDA numbers. We’re closely watching export flows and trade policy – any disruption there, especially with China or Mexico, could quickly change the tone.” This captures the concern over conflicting signals and the high stakes of international trade dynamics.

Key risks frequently cited by industry sources include the potential for escalating trade wars and tariffs, ongoing impacts and uncertainty surrounding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in dairy herds, potential labor disruptions or policy changes affecting farm labor availability, the state of the domestic and global economy influencing consumer spending, volatility in feed costs, and pressures from environmental regulations.

The prevailing sentiment reflects a market reacting strongly to immediate, tangible factors like tight spot supplies and current demand signals pushing prices higher. Simultaneously, there is considerable underlying caution due to future, less certain risks such as higher projected milk production, potential trade disruptions, and weaker official price forecasts.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, the CME dairy markets closed the week on a firm note, with butter and cheese barrels leading gains, while NDM and dry whey also strengthened despite low or zero trading volumes in some cases. This spot market strength continues to diverge from more bearish USDA price forecasts for 2025. Key drivers appear to be tight nearby inventories, particularly for cheese, aggressive bidding interest meeting limited offers, and potential demand pulls from new processing capacity coming online.

Recommendations:

For Producers: Continue to focus on optimizing milk component production (fat and protein) to capture available premiums, given the market’s clear valuation of solids. Utilize risk management strategies (futures, options, forward contracts) to protect against potential price erosion later in the year, as suggested by lower USDA forecasts and the prospect of rising milk production. Monitor feed cost trends closely, as recent gains in corn and meal could impact margins. Stay informed about HPAI developments and biosecurity measures.

For Traders: Acknowledge the current divergence between spot/futures strength and longer-term fundamental forecasts. Low trading volumes today may indicate thin market depth, potentially leading to heightened volatility. Closely monitor upcoming export data releases, paying particular attention to cheese and NDM shipments to Mexico and Asia. Any developments regarding U.S.-China trade relations or tariffs remain critical market movers.

For Analysts & Processors: Track the operational ramp-up of new U.S. processing facilities and analyze their impact on regional milk procurement dynamics, the availability and pricing of components like whey and surplus cream, and overall market balance. Assess the sustainability of current tight cheese inventories in the face of forecasts for increased milk production. Evaluate evolving global supply and demand balances, noting the significant regional divergences in production trends and market access.

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CME Daily Dairy Market Report: May 1, 2025 – Cheese Prices Lead Gains as Trade Tensions Simmer

Cheese surges & butter firms despite bearish forecasts! Today’s CME sees spot strength clash with long-term caution amid trade woes.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The CME dairy cash markets displayed broad strength on May 1st, 2025, with Cheddar cheese leading gains, particularly barrels, and butter prices firming despite bearish USDA forecasts. Nonfat dry milk and dry whey also posted modest increases. This spot market rally contrasts sharply with the USDA’s lowered 2025 price projections, which anticipate higher milk production and weaker product prices, compounded by ongoing global trade tensions severely impacting markets like whey. Trading activity supported the day’s gains, but overall sentiment remains cautious due to the disconnect between immediate market strength and negative fundamental outlooks concerning supply, export challenges, and economic headwinds. Stakeholders are advised to manage risk vigilantly amid this uncertainty.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Spot Market Strength vs. Bearish Forecasts: Dairy prices (cheese, butter, NDM, whey) rose significantly despite recent USDA forecasts predicting lower prices and higher milk production for 2025.
  • Cheese Leads Gains: Cheddar blocks and especially barrels saw strong price increases, narrowing the spread, potentially driven by immediate supply tightness or specific sector demand.
  • Butter Firms, NDM/Whey Edge Up: Butter continued its recovery, while NDM and whey saw modest gains, though whey remains heavily impacted by Chinese tariffs.
  • Global Factors & Trade Tensions: Ongoing U.S.-China trade disputes (especially impacting whey), shifts in EU/Oceania production, and mixed global demand create significant headwinds and uncertainty.
  • Cautious Sentiment Prevails: Despite daily gains, the underlying market sentiment is cautious due to the conflict between spot prices and bearish long-term fundamentals, volatile feed costs, and trade issues.
CME dairy market, cheese prices, butter market trends, USDA dairy forecast, dairy export trade

Cheese Prices Led Gains on Strong Bids, Butter Firms Despite Bearish USDA Outlook, Trade Tensions Simmer

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

Dairy cash markets exhibited broad strength during today’s session at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), with cheese prices posting significant gains and butter continuing its recovery from recent lows. Nonfat dry milk and dry whey also edged higher. These gains occurred despite increasingly bearish forecasts from the USDA and persistent headwinds from global trade disputes.

The following table details the closing prices and changes for key CME cash dairy products on May 1, 2025:

ProductClosing PriceChange from Yesterday
Butter$2.3100/lb+1.50¢
Cheddar Block$1.7550/lb+2.50¢
Cheddar Barrel$1.7350/lb+3.50¢
NDM Grade A$1.1800/lb+0.50¢
Dry Whey$0.5025/lb+0.50¢

Commentary:

Cheese (Blocks and Barrels): Cheddar cheese prices surged, with barrels showing strength, gaining 3.50¢ to close at $1.7350/lb, while blocks rose 2.50¢ to $1.7550/lb. This narrows the block-barrel spread. The spot market rally presents a notable contrast to the USDA’s April World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report, which lowered the 2025 average cheese price forecast to $1.790/lb, reflecting expectations of increased milk production. Furthermore, today’s strength follows recent reports indicating tighter cheese inventories, with American-style cheese stocks down 8% at the start of 2025.

Butter: Butter prices firmed, adding 1.50¢ to close at $2.3100/lb. This gain builds on recent rebounds after significant declines earlier in the week and the prior week. While underlying supply fundamentals appear comfortable, with recent USDA Cold Storage data showing butter inventories 4% above last year, today’s price action moves further away from the recent lows. The USDA’s April WASDE report significantly cut the 2025 butter price forecast by 7.0 cents to $2.445/lb.

Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM): NDM prices slightly increased by 0.50¢, settling at $1.1800/lb. This follows a period of relative stability marked by slight weakness earlier in the week. The market faces headwinds from the USDA’s lowered 2025 NDM price forecast of $1.220/lb and reports of sluggish export demand, particularly in Southeast Asian markets.

Dry Whey: Prices ticked up 0.50¢ to $0.5025/lb. This minor gain occurs within a market grappling with severe disruption from trade policy. The implementation of steep retaliatory tariffs by China, reportedly reaching as high as 84% to 150% on whey products, continues to cripple demand from this historically vital export destination.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading activity varied across products today, providing context for the observed price movements:

Butter: Moderate activity with seven loads traded. Buying interest appeared sustained, with five bids remaining against seven offers at the close and the final price established on a bid at $2.3100/lb.

Cheddar Blocks: Solid trading volume with eight loads changing hands. The price increase was supported by this activity, with the market clearing at $1.7550/lb on a trade. Three bids and three offers remained at the close.

Cheddar Barrels: Trading was light, with only two loads traded. However, the significant price jump to $1.7350/lb occurred as buyers met offers, indicating strong buying conviction despite the low volume.

NDM Grade A: Experienced the highest trading volume of the day, with 12 loads traded. The market closed at $1.1800/lb on a trade, with four bids and one offer remaining.

Dry Whey: Activity was relatively light, with four loads traded. The market closed at $0.5025/lb on a trade, with four bids and no offers remaining.

Overall, the trading volumes, while moderate, generally supported the upward price movements in cheese and butter, suggesting that active buying interest contributed to the rally.

Global Context

International factors continue to exert significant influence on the U.S. dairy complex, with trade policy and regional production shifts playing key roles:

U.S.-China Trade Relations: The ongoing trade dispute remains a major headwind. Severe retaliatory tariffs imposed by China on U.S. dairy products, reported as high as 84% to 150% for specific items like whey, severely restrict access to this major market. This disruption particularly damages the whey complex, which historically relied heavily on Chinese demand.

China’s Domestic Market Dynamics: China’s internal dairy market is undergoing significant adjustments. Following years of rapid expansion, the sector faces oversupply issues, resulting in crashing farmgate milk prices (declines of 15-28% reported) and falling raw milk collections (down 9.2% in early 2025 vs. the prior year). While shrinking domestic production could eventually necessitate increased imports, China’s current economic challenges limit purchasing power and delay a significant rebound in import demand.

European Union (EU) Production: EU milk production is forecast to contract slightly in 2025 (around 0.2%) due to declining cow numbers, environmental regulations, and lingering animal health concerns. Despite lower overall milk availability, EU processors are expected to prioritize cheese production (forecast +0.6%), potentially at the expense of butter and milk powders.

Oceania Production: Dairy production in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) is projected to see modest growth in 2025, with Australia potentially increasing output by 0.7% to 1.1% and New Zealand stabilizing or growing slightly after prior declines. Oceania suppliers maintain strong trade relationships and logistical advantages in key Asian markets.

Forecasts and Analysis

The latest USDA projections and market analysis provide a critical context for evaluating today’s market movements:

USDA April 2025 WASDE Outlook: The USDA’s most recent forecasts, released in April, painted a generally bearish picture for the U.S. dairy sector in 2025:

Milk Production: The 2025 milk production forecast was increased by 0.7 billion pounds compared to the March estimate, reaching 226.9 billion pounds. This upward revision was attributed to expectations of larger average dairy cow numbers and slightly higher milk yield per cow.

Milk Prices: Reflecting the higher production forecast and lower anticipated product prices, the USDA made significant downward revisions to its 2025 milk price projections. The all-milk price forecast was cut by $0.50 to $21.10/cwt, marking a cumulative drop of $1.95/cwt since the January 2025 forecast. The Class III price forecast was lowered by $0.35 to $17.60/cwt, and the Class IV forecast was reduced by $0.60 to $18.20/cwt.

Feed Cost Considerations: The feed cost outlook presents a mixed picture. Longer-term projections suggest lower average feed costs in 2025 compared to the highs of 2022-2023, which could support margins. The USDA forecasts an average farm price for corn at $4.20/bushel for 2025, and soybean meal prices are projected to be around $310/ton. Today’s May Corn futures settled at $4.6375/bushel, while May Soybean Meal closed at $307.80/ton.

Analysis & Implications: A significant disconnect exists between today’s stronger spot market prices, particularly for cheese ($1.7550 blocks, $1.7350 barrels), and the USDA’s sharply lower annual Class III forecast ($17.60/cwt). May Class III futures settled today at $18.43/cwt, well above the USDA’s yearly projection, indicating market skepticism or a focus on shorter-term factors. The combination of lower projected milk prices and volatile, uncertain feed costs suggests producer margins will likely remain under pressure.

Market Sentiment

Despite the positive price action in today’s spot market, the underlying market sentiment remains cautious and uncertain, leaning towards bearish in the medium term. This caution stems from several key factors:

Bearish Forecasts: The significant downward revisions in the USDA’s April WASDE forecasts for milk production, milk prices, and dairy product prices have weighed heavily on sentiment. The projected increase in milk supply, coupled with lowered price expectations, signals potential challenges ahead.

Trade Disruptions: Persistent trade tensions, particularly the severe tariffs impacting U.S. dairy exports to China (especially whey), continue to create significant uncertainty and limit optimism regarding export-driven price support.

Economic Concerns: Broader economic headwinds and concerns about consumer purchasing power, both domestically and internationally, contribute to the cautious outlook. Global dairy demand is described as mixed, lacking strong upward momentum.

Spot vs. Fundamental Disconnect: Analysts and traders acknowledge the disconnect between the recent strength in spot and futures markets and the more bearish fundamental outlook presented by official forecasts and trade realities. This divergence fuels uncertainty about the sustainability of current price levels.

“While the spot cheese market showed impressive strength today, it feels disconnected from the fundamental headwinds highlighted by the latest USDA numbers and the ongoing trade friction. We’re advising clients to view this rally with caution.”

Closing Summary & Recommendations

Today’s CME dairy markets exhibited broad strength, led by notable gains in Cheddar cheese (especially barrels) and a firming butter price, with NDM and whey also increasing. This positive price action occurred despite an increasingly bearish backdrop defined by lower USDA price forecasts for 2025, expectations of higher milk production, and significant ongoing challenges in key export markets due to trade tensions. Trading activity supported the price increases, but overall market sentiment remains cautious given these substantial fundamental headwinds.

Recommendations/Outlook:

Producers: Today’s spot market strength presents potential selling opportunities. However, USDA’s sharply lower long-term price forecasts necessitate a continued focus on vigilant risk management to protect margins. Evaluate opportunities to lock in favorable feed costs, particularly for inputs like soybean meal where prices appear advantageous. Consider utilizing risk management tools such as forward contracts or LGM-Dairy insurance to mitigate downside price risk highlighted by forecasts.

Traders: The disconnect between stronger spot/futures prices and the bearish fundamental outlook creates the potential for volatility. Closely monitor key data releases, including inventory reports, export sales data (particularly to alternative markets like Mexico and SE Asia), and global milk production trends to confirm or contradict current price trajectories.

Analysts: Focus research on reconciling the divergence between current market pricing and the underlying supply, demand, and trade policy realities. Track the performance of U.S. exports into non-traditional markets and monitor evolving production dynamics in the EU and Oceania.

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CME Daily Dairy Market Report: April 29, 2025 – Cheddar Blocks Defy Bearish Trends as Butter Plunges

Cheddar blocks defy bearish trends with 2¢ surge as butter plunges to 3-year lows amid oversupply and export hurdles.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The April 29 CME dairy markets revealed stark contrasts: cheddar blocks rallied 2¢ on active trading despite bearish USDA forecasts, while butter prices collapsed 3.5¢ to a 3-year low due to bloated inventories. Nonfat Dry Milk and Dry Whey stagnated amid export challenges from China’s tariffs. USDA slashed 2025 price projections, signaling margin pressure for producers, while global trade imbalances and EU production constraints amplified volatility. Traders face fragmented signals, with blocks’ short-term strength clashing with butter’s structural weakness. Risk management and monitoring feed costs are critical as markets navigate policy headwinds and supply-demand mismatches.

cheddar block prices, butter market trends, USDA dairy forecasts, China dairy tariffs, dairy market volatility

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

  • Block Rally vs. Butter Collapse: Cheddar blocks gained 2¢ on 12 trades; butter fell 3.5¢ to $2.24/lb, its lowest since 2021.
  • Trade Barriers Dominate: China’s tariffs (up to 150% on whey) stifle exports, offsetting competitive U.S. pricing globally.
  • USDA Lowers 2025 Forecasts: All-Milk price cut $1.95/cwt since January, reflecting oversupply and weak demand.
  • Market Fragmentation: Active block trading contrasts with powder stagnation, highlighting sector-specific risks.
  • Producer Advisory: Secure pricing during spot rallies but prioritize cost control amid bearish long-term outlooks.

Cheddar Blocks Surge on Active Trading, Defying Bearish Trends as Butter Plunges to Multi-Year Lows Amid Inventory Concerns

Key Price Changes & Market Trends

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) cash dairy markets displayed dramatic divergence today, with cheddar blocks showing remarkable strength while butter prices collapsed to levels not seen in over three years.

ProductClosing PriceChange
Cheddar Blocks$1.7200/lb+2.00¢
Cheddar Barrels$1.7025/lb-0.25¢
Butter$2.2400/lb-3.50¢
Nonfat Dry Milk$1.1875/lbUnchanged
Dry Whey$0.5050/lbUnchanged

Cheddar blocks demonstrated significant resilience, gaining 2.00 cents despite recent bearish USDA price forecasts. This strength suggests processors may be securing supplies to meet immediate inventory needs or positioning ahead of anticipated seasonal demand improvements.

Butter prices experienced a substantial decline, dropping 3.50 cents to $2.2400 per pound-the lowest closing price since December 2021. This persistent weakness continues despite U.S. butter trading at a substantial discount to international benchmarks, indicating the dominance of domestic market factors, primarily ample inventories.

Nonfat Dry Milk and Dry Whey markets remained inactive with prices unchanged, reflecting ongoing market caution and challenges in export markets.

Volume and Trading Activity

Trading volume today was heavily concentrated in the cheddar block market, with 12 loads changing hands-a robust level of activity indicating significant market participation and price discovery. Trades occurred within a range from $1.68 to $1.72, with buying interest firming the market toward the end of the session.

In sharp contrast, both butter and cheddar barrels saw minimal engagement with just one trade executed in each market. At the close, the butter market showed one unfilled bid, while the barrel market had one uncovered offer.

The complete absence of trading in NDM and Dry Whey markets, with no trades, bids, or offers recorded, underscores the wait-and-see approach currently dominating these segments. This inactivity likely reflects trader hesitancy following lower USDA price forecasts and significant export challenges, particularly for whey due to prohibitive Chinese tariffs.

Global Context

The international dairy landscape continues to exert significant influence on U.S. markets, with divergent regional production trends and substantial trade policy impacts creating market distortions.

European Union milk production faces ongoing constraints, with forecasts pointing to a slight decline in 2025. Factors contributing to this include diminishing cow numbers, tight farmer margins, implementation of environmental regulations, and disease pressures. EU processors are reportedly prioritizing higher-value cheese production, potentially reducing the availability of butter and milk powders for export.

New Zealand is experiencing modest milk production growth, with volumes up slightly in March and for the season-to-date. This contrasts with Australia’s continued downward production trend.

International demand, particularly from China, remains a critical variable clouded by uncertainty. While China’s domestic milk production has faced challenges, significant economic headwinds are tempering purchasing power. Most critically for U.S. exporters, prohibitive retaliatory tariffs imposed by China (reportedly reaching as high as 84% overall and up to 150% on whey) effectively block access for many U.S. dairy products. New Zealand benefits from its Free Trade Agreement with China, holding a distinct advantage in this crucial market.

U.S. dairy products, notably butter and cheese, remain competitively priced on the global stage compared to EU counterparts. However, the substantial trade barriers are preventing U.S. exporters from fully capitalizing on these price advantages.

Forecasts and Analysis

Forward-looking projections from the USDA’s April 2025 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report paint a challenging picture for U.S. dairy markets, with significant downward revisions from earlier forecasts.

The USDA raised its forecast for 2025 U.S. milk production by 0.7 billion pounds compared to March estimates, now projected at 226.9 billion pounds. This increase is attributed to expectations of higher average cow numbers and improved milk yield per cow.

Reflecting increased production forecasts and potentially weaker demand assumptions, USDA significantly lowered its 2025 average price projections:

CategoryApril 2025 ForecastChange from March
All-Milk Price$21.10/cwt-$0.50
Class III Price$17.60/cwt-$0.35
Class IV Price$18.20/cwt-$0.60
Butter$2.445/lb-7.0¢
Cheese$1.790/lb-2.0¢
NDM$1.220/lb-3.5¢
Dry Whey$0.510/lb-1.5¢

The magnitude of these downward revisions is striking, with the April All-Milk forecast of $21.10/cwt representing a $1.95/cwt decline from the outlook provided in January 2025. This indicates a rapid deterioration in price expectations over just a few months.

Meanwhile, feed futures markets saw sharp declines today, with May corn futures falling approximately 15 cents to settle near $4.61 per bushel, while May soybeans dropped around 11 cents to $10.41 per bushel. While lower feed costs generally support dairy producer margins in the longer term, their immediate impact on daily dairy product prices is often indirect.

Market Sentiment

The prevailing sentiment in U.S. dairy markets appears predominantly cautious, leaning toward bearishness. This mood is heavily influenced by the recent string of downward revisions in USDA’s price and production forecasts, coupled with persistent concerns surrounding international trade relations, especially the high tariffs impacting access to the Chinese market.

While today’s rally in the cheddar block market offered a localized bright spot, the concurrent plunge in butter prices to multi-year lows and the continued lack of activity in milk powders likely exert a stronger influence on the broader market psyche.

As one analyst might observe, “Despite the pop in blocks today, the underlying tone feels heavy. The latest WASDE numbers and the ongoing China tariff situation make it hard to be optimistic about prices holding these levels across the complex”. This reflects concerns about the sustainability of spot rallies against bearish fundamentals.

A trader focusing on the physical market could remark, “Butter finding new lows isn’t surprising given the inventory picture, but the lack of buying interest even down here is concerning. Blocks seem to be living in their own world today, likely driven by specific short-term needs”. This highlights the product-specific dynamics and the worryingly thin support for butter.

Closing Summary & Recommendations

In summary, the CME dairy cash markets on April 29th showcased significant divergence. Cheddar blocks advanced notably on strong trading volume, providing a counterpoint to the prevailing bearish narrative. However, butter prices suffered a sharp decline, reaching multi-year lows amid light trading and ongoing concerns about excessive inventories. Nonfat Dry Milk and Dry Whey remained dormant, reflecting persistent export market challenges exacerbated by significant trade tariffs.

For producers, the current strength in the spot block market presents a potential pricing opportunity, but it should be viewed with caution given the pronounced weakness in butter and the decidedly bearish outlook presented in recent USDA forecasts. Emphasis should be placed on diligent cost control and implementing robust risk management strategies to protect margins against potential further price declines. Closely monitor developments in feed costs and milk component values.

Traders should recognize the current market fragmentation and carefully assess the sustainability of the rally in blocks against the clear weakness in the butter market. Trade policy developments, particularly regarding China, and shifts in global supply/demand dynamics remain critical factors to watch, especially for export-oriented commodities like NDM and Whey.

The current environment, characterized by conflicting signals and significant external pressures, underscores the need for all stakeholders to adopt a comprehensive perspective rather than relying solely on single-day spot price movements, which can be misleading in this complex marketplace.

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