Archive for dairy industry legacy

A Mentor, Six Names and a Board: What Three 2026 Expo Honors Actually Have in Common

A 56-year chain of mentors, a 10,000-cow philosophy, and the boy who couldn’t read the Holstein Journal. Inside the legacies of the 2026 World Dairy Expo honorees.

Corey Geiger was supposed to be judging Ayrshire heifers. It was 1990, the Manitowoc County 4-H team had won the Wisconsin contest, and the kid who was about to start his senior year of high school walked into World Dairy Expo’s ring on the colored shavings and forgot about the heifers. He spent the class looking at the decorations instead. He placed it badly, by his own account, and it never bothered him, because of what he told himself standing there: “I want to be part of the dairy industry the rest of my life.” He said as much decades later to Peggy Coffeen on the Up Level Dairy podcast. Listen closely, and you can hear that the kid in the ring is still running the show. Robert Chicoine’s version of that moment came decades earlier, and he couldn’t even read it. Born on a Quebec dairy farm, he got his first Holstein Journal from a relative who kept purebred cattle. It was in English, and he didn’t know any English at all. So he asked his father to tell him the names of the animals in the pictures, and he remembered them. “I don’t know why,” he told Coffeen in an interview published August 25. By his account, he’d seen every issue since.

Same ring, same colored shavings, 28 years later: Corey Geiger dances with his wife, Krista, during World Dairy Expo’s 2018 Supreme Champion show. This time, he wasn’t looking at the decorations.

Neither man had any idea what those moments would turn into. This September, World Dairy Expo is naming Geiger its Industry Person of the Year, Oakfield Corners Dairy its Dairy Producers of the Year, and Chicoine, the boy who memorized cow names he couldn’t read, its International Person of the Year.

Ask Geiger who got him here and the list runs long. Bill Borgwardt of Sunnyside Farms watched a teenager read his placings off a clipboard and told him to put it down: “Corey, you know cows. You can tell a good story… tell me a story about those four cows.” Geiger was “nervous as heck,” and he’s been telling stories ever since. Then came the Hoard’s Dairyman crew: Bill Knox, Gene Meyer, Ewing Row and Steve Larson. By Geiger’s count, they had 120 years of editorial experience between them when he walked in. “And I had one day.”

Four editors, one chair

Here’s what a Bullvine check of Expo’s records turned up. Knox, Meyer, Row and Larson each held the managing editor’s chair at Hoard’s, according to the magazine’s own chronology. Geiger later held it for 14 of his nearly 30 years there, per Expo’s citation. Three of those four mentors are already on Expo’s Industry Person of the Year list, the same award Geiger receives this month.

That’s a 56-year span of award dates, from Knox to Geiger. It doesn’t prove mentorship causes awards, and it isn’t a record of continuous teaching. It does make “somebody handed this to me first” a lot more concrete than the usual acceptance-speech line.

Six names, one award

Oakfield’s honor makes the same point in a different way: it names six people, not one. Jonathan and Alicia Lamb, Matthew and Kendra Lamb, Jim Veazey and Janette Veazey-Post. A championship photo fits one cow and one halter, and running 10,000-plus cows across two states takes a lot more hands than that. Add Chicoine, who made sure his board got credit for the idea behind Boviteq, and it’s three for three: nobody here got here alone, and nobody’s keeping the credit to themselves.

Six names, no show halter. Oakfield Corners’ 2026 Dairy Producers of the Year pose in the parlor, not the ring.

Everyone gets recognized September 29 at Expo’s Recognition Awards Reception and Banquet: social hour at 6, dinner at 7, The Tanbark. For Chicoine, it’s posthumous. Semex announced his death on September 15, three weeks after Up Level Dairy published his interview.

That means he got to tell his own story, in his own words, before anyone else had to tell it for him. A citation tells you what someone accomplished. An interview tells you what it felt like before anyone knew it would matter.

The kid with a breeding budget

Before the judging contest, there was a checking account. In the summer of 1986, the year Geiger started eighth grade, his dad walked him into the local bank and opened one. “You need to learn about money,” he told him. Geiger still has that account, through several bank mergers.

Then came the part that mattered to a cattle-obsessed kid. His dad gave him a budget to pick the bulls and mate the cows. “It’s your baby.” Geiger remembers walking the AI rep into the house so his mom could write the check, and the first couple of times, he said, they wouldn’t even put the semen in the tank because they weren’t sure the story was true. That’s the real origin story of a dairy economist: not the diploma, but the moment his father trusted him with a decision that cost money.

The degrees came later, in dairy science and ag economics at UW–Madison. So did the red ink. During a 1994 summer internship at an AI cooperative, his first articles came back covered in corrections, and his first thought was “Oh, I’m not a good writer.” Someone there told him otherwise: “No, you’re great. These stories will resonate with farmers. You just need to brush up on your grammar.” Word got to Bill Knox, and Hoard’s hired Geiger as an associate 15 months before he graduated. A page of corrections doesn’t crush a young writer when somebody makes clear the work underneath is worth fixing.

Making the numbers mean something

Corey Geiger, Expo’s 2026 Industry Person of the Year, spent 14 years as managing editor at Hoard’s Dairyman. At CoBank, the number he’s chasing now is the economic value of genetics.

At Hoard’s, Geiger learned from people with decades on him. It’s a nice symmetry with the award list, but what he inherited was more useful than a trophy case: how to read an industry and explain it to the people running it.

Now he’s CoBank’s lead dairy economist, one of 12 people on the lender’s Knowledge Exchange team. These days, he’s focused on three targets: putting a real economic value on genetics, getting the industry to pay attention to components instead of just milk volume, and figuring out what beef-on-dairy breeding does to replacement supply. A producer can take any of the three straight into a mating decision or a loan conversation. As he describes it, the whole job is connecting what farmers already know in the barn to the language a lender or an economist uses to talk about the same cow.

The detail that stuck with us wasn’t economic at all. Every year at the Wisconsin Junior Holstein Convention, Geiger and his wife, Krista, give a little nylon halter to every kid attending for the first time. The idea came from watching kids chase candy at parades. “I wanted the young people, and Krista did too, to walk away with something and put a smile on their face,” he said. “If I can spark a youth to be part of this industry, that’s the best honor I can have.”

Beyond the 10,000-cow count at Oakfield

Geiger spends his CoBank career trying to put a real number on genetics. Oakfield Corners is where those genetic values actually hit the shavings. Expo’s citation puts the operation, run today by 12th-generation farmers, at more than 10,000 cows and 15,000 acres across New York and Ohio, up from 65 cows at the start. The same citation credits an energy-corrected milk average above 110 pounds per cow and an 18-year streak of milk-quality awards. That’s the award committee’s read rather than an independent audit, but they’re specific numbers, and they say more than the herd count.

Oakfield runs a 28-cow show herd, kept entirely apart from the rest of the milking herd. Alicia Lamb put it plainly: “They’re two separate philosophies.”

Show cattle and high-index cattle are different breeding targets, and she’s not pretending one mating can chase both. That’s a cleaner admission than most operations make. Pick a lane, and you can judge whether you hit it.

It also means getting the credit right matters. Oakfield bred and developed Oakfield Solom Footloose-ET, then sold her as a four-year-old to Duckett Holsteins. Footloose went on to be Expo’s grand champion in 2022 and again in 2024. The official 2024 results list Showbox Sires and Vierra Dairy as her exhibitors. Oakfield gets the breeder credit.

Kandy Cane and the long wait

Judge Aaron Eaton fist-bumps Jamie Black after naming Lovhill Sidekick Kandy Cane grand champion of the 2025 International Holstein Show. The Lambs had first spotted her in Saskatchewan three years earlier.

2025 turned the credit around. Oakfield’s own Expo grand champion wasn’t an Oakfield-bred cow. Lovhill Sidekick Kandy Cane won her class, Senior Champion and Grand Champion at Expo’s International Holstein Show, exhibited by Alicia and Jonathan Lamb, with show herd manager Jamie Black at her halter, as The Bullvine reported from Madison.

Jonathan shared that the goal felt too lofty when they started. He also talked about the specific kind of humbling Expo delivers: you show up thinking you’ve got a good one, then you walk the barns and find out how much better “good” gets in Madison. Anybody who’s hauled a cow to a show and then walked the aisles knows that feeling.

The Lambs first saw Kandy Cane as a young cow in Mike and Jessica Lovich’s Saskatchewan herd in 2022. They remembered her, and she came to Oakfield in the spring of 2024. That’s its own kind of judgment: recognizing the right animal, then not letting the moment pass.

None of it happened by accident once she arrived. Alicia described a separate facility, a special diet and year-round attention for the show string, and Jonathan pointed to the team built around the cattle. A banner in Madison doesn’t tell you whether the rest of the farm made money that quarter, and it shouldn’t have to. It tells you the Lambs backed a specific ambition with real resources, and it paid off.

Janette’s part starts in the dirt

The award names six people for a reason, and Janette Veazey-Post is the one least likely to end up in a show photo. American Farmland Trust’s 2023 case study on Lamb Farms names her as crop manager since 2012 and credits her with putting strip-till on 1,000 acres in 2013.

That’s a far better place to start talking sustainability than “big farms are efficient”: a specific person, a specific number of acres, a specific year. The same case study tracks manure injection starting in 2016 and cover crops on 3,500 acres by 2018, including triticale, clover and radish planted after corn silage comes off.

None of that shows up on a banner. It shows up the next spring, in whether the ground can carry the next crop without the inputs it used to need. Janette’s paper trail of specific changes on specific acres is checkable, and it holds up.

If you’re running your own operation and wondering what to take from Oakfield, don’t reach for the herd count. Ask whether every piece of your farm, from the show string to the cropland, has a clear target and somebody who owns hitting it. A show cow and a strip-tilled field get judged on completely different scorecards. That’s fine. Just know which scorecard you’re using before you grade yourself.

Every proof Oakfield reads, and every genetic value Geiger tries to price, rests on an idea that was a hard sell in 1960s Quebec: a bull’s daughters tell you more when you compare them to their herdmates than to their dams. Chicoine was the one selling it.

The allergy that redirected a career

Robert Chicoine, Expo’s 2026 International Person of the Year, honored posthumously. He joined CIAQ in 1966 and spent the years after convincing Quebec breeders to trust the numbers.

Allergies ruled out farming, so Chicoine went to school instead and studied agriculture. In the third year of a four-year program, a teacher suggested he spend a summer at Quebec’s AI centre. It was a revelation, he said. At the end of that summer, the centre told him that if he’d go on to a master’s in animal breeding, there’d be a job waiting: developing its young sire proving program.

He joined CIAQ in 1966, Semex noted in its tribute. What he loved about those early years was getting paid to visit the famous herds he’d read about in the Journal as a kid.

The hard part was the argument. For about 20 years, Quebec farmers had been told to use proven sires to improve their herds, but those bulls had been proven in private herds, and some weren’t as good as their proofs suggested. Chicoine had to explain why herdmate comparisons beat comparing daughters to their dams. “I wrote many articles about that. I went to several meetings, many meetings,” he said. “And it worked. It was a long process.” A good breeding method on paper is worthless until somebody convinces the room.

Trusting the paper, trusting the eye: Senator and Starbuck

Two bulls show how Chicoine worked. In the fall of 1967, at 23, he spotted a Holstein World ad for auctioneer Harris Wilcox’s New York dispersal and fixed on the pedigree of a young bull nobody else wanted: Sevens Burke Skylark on the sire’s side, Osborndale Ivanhoe behind the dam, and three generations of proven AI sires stacked up the male line, as The Bullvine detailed in an earlier profile. The dam didn’t have the look breeders expected. Chicoine trusted the paper over the picture and bought him anyway.

Quebec’s breeding community mostly ignored the calf once he got home. CIAQ’s inseminators used his semen as a last resort, when a farmer didn’t request anything specific. Craiglen Sevens Senator earned Holstein Canada’s EXTRA designation in 1978, more than a decade later. By Chicoine’s own count, Senator now appears in at least half the pedigrees of Canada’s current Holsteins.

Starbuck was the opposite kind of decision, and Chicoine called it luck, twice in one answer. In May 1979, he and fellow CIAQ sire analyst Harley Nicholson were in Ontario signing mating contracts and looking for young sires, according to The Canadian Encyclopedia. They stopped for a quick dinner and happened to be at the same restaurant as Peter Heffering of Hanover Hill Holsteins in Port Perry. Heffering said he was free that evening if they wanted to see the herd. It wasn’t far, so they went, and they found a bull calf about a month old that Chicoine remembered as “already very impressive.” The calf had been born April 26, 1979, by CIAQ’s record. The dam impressed them too.

The pedigree gave them pause. Starbuck was another son of Round Oak Rag Apple Elevation, and CIAQ already had proven Elevation sons. Chicoine and his partner had “a very serious discussion” about whether to sample another one. They bought him anyway, because they liked the family and the calf standing in front of them. Every serious breeder who’s ever found a great one in somebody else’s barn knows luck still has to be recognized before it counts for anything. The Bullvine’s archive digs into Starbuck’s pedigree.

Hanoverhill Starbuck, grown up. The month-old calf Chicoine and Harley Nicholson debated in May 1979 became, in Chicoine’s words, the bull with “the greatest impact, by far.”

Don’t turn either bull into a system, though. He wasn’t right for the same reason both times. He was a breeder weighing whatever evidence he had in front of him, sometimes a pedigree sheet and sometimes his own eye, not a man who could see forty years down the pedigree.

That earlier Bullvine profile dug into how the Senator decision fed into modern genetic evaluation. The podcast adds something it didn’t have: restraint. Asked to put a number on how much faster genetic progress moves today, he said a number “would need some research, I suppose.” What he offered instead was how it had changed. A proven bull in his early years could be used for 10 years and never get any better. Genomic selection keeps moving the target, he said. It would have been easy to toss out a figure, and he didn’t.

He wasn’t uncritical of where genomics has taken the industry, either. He praised the pace of progress, then named the cost: the selection being made now drives inbreeding. He thought research might find a way to handle it, because related animals can still carry different genes. It wasn’t a verdict, just a question he left for whoever comes next, in an interview that was supposed to be a victory lap.

Building something that outlasts you

Asked about his biggest impact, Chicoine didn’t point to a bull. He pointed to cooperation: bringing Canadian AI organizations together into what became the Semex Alliance. His reasoning was about scale. Canada has far fewer dairy cows than the U.S. or Europe, and no single AI organization had enough bulls to be sure of always having superstars. Together, they might. He had to convince the other partners, and they came around gradually.

Semex credits him as the Alliance’s first general manager in 1997, after running CIAQ, and as the force behind Boviteq, where he chaired the board from 1991 to 1996. A bull changes a pedigree. An organization keeps creating chances for people long after the person who built it is gone. He seemed to know which one mattered more.

Coffeen closed the episode with a piece of context Chicoine had asked her to include: early on, his board challenged him to push innovation on the female side of reproduction, and that challenge led to Boviteq. He wanted the record straight. It wasn’t a solo idea.

“You cannot achieve everything by yourself as a person,” he said. “You need partners. You need working companions.” Pick the best people you can find, and they’ll carry the work on when you leave. Asked about the Expo honor itself, he turned it around again: “My merit is limited in that regard. I was there at the beginning.” It’s a tougher standard for a leader than it sounds: counting the next person’s success as part of your own, without angling to keep the credit.

What’s worth carrying home

Three different careers, three different scales, one repeated move: somebody handed off real responsibility, and the person who received it did something with it worth handing off again.

You don’t need 10,000 cows or an international alliance to run that play. Define your breeding goal clearly enough that you can judge whether you hit it. Give a young person a real budget and someone willing to answer their questions. Build people who can keep the operation running without you in the room.

When Expo’s call came, Geiger pulled over to take it, then went straight to the list of past winners. “Just to be considered among them really gave me pause,” he said. Jonathan Lamb did his own version of the same thing, crediting the years of learning and the team behind the Kandy Cane run, not himself alone.

All three get recognized September 29, and Chicoine won’t be in the room for it. You don’t need a banquet invitation to take something from their stories. Somebody, somewhere, is the reason each of these three got a start, and most of those names will never get read from a stage. Be that person for somebody younger, before you’re the one being honored for a career already finished.

Asked how he hoped to be remembered, Chicoine said he didn’t have specific expectations. He was proud to have been there at the beginning, and he’d always enjoyed going to work, because he got to spend his working life on the passion he’d had as a young person. “So life has been good for me.”

Key Takeaways

  • Three of Geiger’s four Hoard’s mentors, Knox (1970), Meyer (1988) and Larson (2007), won Expo’s Industry Person of the Year, the same award Geiger receives in 2026. That’s a 56-year span, not proof mentoring wins awards.
  • CIAQ inseminators used Senator as a last resort, and he didn’t earn EXTRA until 1978. Chicoine’s pedigree bet took more than a decade to pay off, so judge your own breeding calls on that kind of timeline.
  • Oakfield’s honor names six people, including crop manager Janette Veazey-Post, who put strip-till on 1,000 acres in 2013. When your farm gets credit, name the person behind the work nobody photographs.

Learn More

  • Beef-on-Dairy’s $6215 Secret: Why 72% of Herds Are Playing It Wrong — Breaks down the exact math behind Geiger’s replacement supply warning. If your 21-day pregnancy rate sits under 20%, deploying beef semen drains your heifer pipeline and kills profitability, while high-performing herds can net an extra $6,215 monthly.
  • The Holstein Visionaries Who Built Everything You’re Breeding Today — Tracing the money behind historical genetic strategies proves that titans like Stephen Roman treated the show ring strictly as a marketing engine. These foundational decisions deliver the blueprints dictating your herd’s current DNA and long-term financial potential.
  • The Show Ring Showdown—Why Bigger Isn’t Always Better — With financial data calculating the hidden tax on massive frame size, the numbers reveal every vertical inch costs $1.20 daily in feed. This brutally validates Oakfield’s split-herd philosophy: chasing ribbons with your commercial string guarantees a profit-killing disaster.

The Sunday Read Dairy Professionals Don’t Skip.

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Waterloo Warned Us: How the World’s Greatest Dairy Show Died – and What Twelve Years of Expo’s Own Numbers Say Before the Gates Open

The National Dairy Cattle Congress owned October from 1910 to 1965. Then it dropped “Dairy” from its own name and bet the building on a greyhound track. This month its fair closes two days before Expo’s gates open.

The short version, for anyone reading this in the parlor

  • The audience left first. World Dairy Expo attendance fell every year from 2014 to 2019 — down 19% before COVID existed — while the trade floor held near its peak.
  • Then the vendors followed. The floor went from 887 in 2018 to 461 in 2025, a 48% loss, with 211 of it in the three years after the farm shakeout slowed.
  • Cattle sit at 108% against 2016. Waterloo died the opposite way and ended up in the same place. Read the inversion below.

Norman Nabholz can still smell it. “I was captivated by it,” he told The Bullvine in 2013, remembering the National Dairy Cattle Congress in Waterloo, Iowa. “I remember everything, from the smells to the sights, sounds, and the people. It’s why I’m in the business that I’m in today.” 

That’s not idle nostalgia. Nabholz has been showing since his first champion in 1974, and he wrote the book on Waterloo — literally, Millionaires in the Cornfields: The Glory Days of the National Dairy Cattle Congress. So when he read our reporting on World Dairy Expo’s decline this summer and reached for a warning in the comments, it carried weight. “Sixty-one years ago this October we were heading to Waterloo and thought we would be doing it forever.” 

Do that math. Sixty-one years back from this October is 1965, the exact year the dairy establishment walked out of Waterloo. And when the gates open September 29, the 59th World Dairy Expo runs at the Alliant Energy Center in Madison, on a venue contract that extends through 2028, which makes this the moment to ask an uncomfortable question about permanence. 

What Waterloo actually was

Don’t picture a county fair. Picture the center of the dairy universe.

The National Dairy Cattle Congress opened October 9–10, 1910, built by the Iowa State Dairy Association as a nonprofit exposition to grow the industry. It swung big from day one: roughly 5,500 people the first day, about 40,000 over the opening weekend, and it still turned a profit. By the accounts compiled in the National Cattle Congress’s own published history, attendance reached 87,000 by 1919, pulled in by a new Hippodrome seating around 7,000 and the growing prestige of the Belgian Horse Show.

“The Dairy Capitol of the World.” Waterloo printed that on postcards and mailed them. Look at how much of this ground is parked cars rather than barns — at Waterloo the gate was the asset. Remember that when you reach the attendance column.

The credibility followed the crowds. In 1948, four national dairy breed organizations made Waterloo their official National Show, and the National FFA dairy contests had already moved there the year before. This was where the breed sorted itself out. Best cattle, best judges, best people, one barn, every October.

Waterloo, 1928. Premier Breeder and Premier Exhibitor banners for Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire and Brown Swiss — every dairy breed in America, competing in one Iowa city. Four national breed associations wouldn’t name Waterloo their official National Show for another twenty years. The hardware got there first.

Nabholz doesn’t hedge on what that meant. He’s called it “the world’s greatest dairy cattle show from 1910 to 1965.” Read that end date twice. The man who loves the place most is the one telling you when the clock started running out.

How a legend talks itself into a slow death

Big institutions rarely die in one loud crack. They erode in decisions that each sounded reasonable at the time.

Waterloo’s turn came in the 1960s, when the show started “refocusing.” The University of Northern Iowa’s Black Hawk County history is blunt: the dairy focus was slipping. Farm machinery ate more floor space. Horse shows grabbed more billing. The event stretched to nine days. Every step got sold the same way — the public wants variety, farming’s changing, give people more show. Sounds sensible. It usually does, right up until the mission gets watered down past recognition. You can watch it happen in the show’s own advertising.

Read what Waterloo was selling. This undated Dairy Cattle Congress advertisement headlines circus acts, a saddle horse show, power farm machinery, kitchen appliances, a flower show and waterfowl. Not one of its three featured attractions is the dairy cattle show. The name still said National. The billing had already moved on.

The problem wasn’t that management adapted. It’s what they adapted toward. The breed associations that had bankrolled Waterloo for decades watched a dairy show trying to be everything to everybody, and they walked. The UNI history says their frustration “came to a head in 1965,” when the National Dairy Association pulled its support and moved its shows to Madison, Wisconsin.

That’s the hinge. Everything before it was a warning. Everything after was a consequence. And here’s the part that should make every breeder wince. With the dairy backing gone, the National Dairy Cattle Congress became simply the National Cattle Congress. They dropped “Dairy” from the name. That’s not rebranding. That’s a coroner’s note.

Maurice Telleen, the secretary-manager who lived through it and later founded the Draft Horse Journal in Waterloo, said the show was no longer national but regional, and pointed to the crumbling economics of shipping cattle long distances by rail as service declined. Real enough. But only half the story. Waterloo also lost its ability to convince the dairy world it was the one show nobody could skip. Lose that, and the trucks stop coming no matter how good your rail spur is. 

Madison wasn’t an accident – it was the autopsy

Here’s the twist that should rattle every Expo loyalist. World Dairy Expo exists because Waterloo failed to hold the center.

The Bullvine’s own founders’ history says Gene Nelson saw Waterloo’s “dwindling popularity” firsthand when he and three others launched a new exhibition. The first World Dairy Expo ran in 1967, two years after the dairy establishment abandoned Iowa. The biggest dairy show on earth was born straight out of the moment the old giant stopped being enough.

One detail worth clearing up, because it came up in the same comment. Nabholz pointed readers toward a book called We Need a Show. The book is real, though it tells the other half of the story: We Need a Show: A 50 Year History of World Dairy Expo, published in 2015 by W.D. Hoard & Sons and co-edited by Corey Geiger and Steve Larson. It’s Expo’s history rather than Waterloo’s autopsy. His point survives the correction, though, and the title makes it for him. Expo’s whole reason for existing was a room full of people looking at a drifting institution and saying, flatly, we need a show. That’s the verdict on Waterloo, printed on a cover.

Now the part that cuts the other way. Expo wasn’t born bulletproof either. Dairy Agenda Today’s history shows the early years were shaky, and the trade floor only took off after leadership changes in the late 1980s, when Tom McKittrick and Joe Gilbert rebuilt the commercial engine. When Madison wobbled, people made hard choices and fixed it. Waterloo drifted. Madison fought. Hold onto that difference.

The long fade – from dairy cattle to dog track

After 1965, Waterloo didn’t vanish. That’s exactly what made the decline easy to ignore. The grounds still ran. The fair still opened. The name still carried a century of history. The institution kept moving, which let everybody pretend it was still the same institution. It wasn’t.

The 1970s pushed the same diversification logic into farm implements, more horse shows, and big-name entertainment. The UNI history’s language is brutal: the National Cattle Congress was starting to look like a small-time carnival with sideshow attractions, with people showing up to ride the midway and eat the food while the livestock took a back seat. That reads as a diagnosis of a show that forgot which audience built it.

Then the money ran out. By 1984 the organization was in serious financial trouble, and the rescue plan was pari-mutuel greyhound racing. Waterloo Greyhound Park opened October 15, 1986. For exactly one year it looked like salvation: roughly $600,000 in track profit and a $519,000 gain for the Cattle Congress, figures carried in both the UNI history and the Waterloo Courier’s published NCC timeline. Sit with that. An institution built to crown the world’s best dairy cattle was betting its survival on dog racing.

The bet went bad fast. By 1989, management admitted the track was in trouble and warned that if it failed, the banks would own both the track and the Cattle Congress. In December 1992, the Meskwaki Casino opened in Tama, half an hour away, with gambling the track couldn’t touch. A 1993 bankruptcy auditor concluded the organization would have folded eight years earlier without the track’s yearly cash infusions. The Meskwaki Nation later lent the NCC bailout money and eventually foreclosed on the property. The dogs only stretched out the dying.

Then came the headline that says everything. When the Waterloo Courier ran “Cattle Congress Cuts Cows,” the show once built on elite dairy cattle could no longer afford to hold the livestock shows. That’s the cleanest definition of institutional death you’ll read: the day your institution can no longer afford to do the one thing it was built to do.

Here’s the part that should stop you cold, and it’s happening this month. The National Cattle Congress is still there. The 116th National Cattle Congress Fair runs September 24 through 27, 2026, on the same Waterloo fairgrounds, with a carnival, ranch bronc and bull riding, general admission at $15, and the tagline “Still Our Story.” The Hippodrome still stands, rented out at 20,000 square feet. The financial difficulties described above belong to that organization’s 1980s and 1990s management, and the National Cattle Congress today operates under different leadership. Their fair closes on a Sunday. Expo’s gates open two days later. The grounds survived. The National Dairy Cattle Congress, as North America’s premier dairy show, did not. The buildings outlived the mission. 

Waterloo’s Hippodrome today. Somebody still mows this, still flies the flags, still repaints the trim, still rents the floor at 20,000 square feet. Institutions rarely die because nobody cared for the buildings.

Is World Dairy Expo actually turning into Waterloo?

No. But the specific mechanism is worth understanding, because it isn’t the one people watch for — and the full twelve-year record tells a different story than the headline number does.

Start with what was never in doubt at Madison. The Expo cattle show is healthy. The breeders held their end, and every year the families still hitched up and hauled the best genetics on the continent to Wisconsin. If you’re waiting for someone to say the cows have gone soft, this isn’t that article.

This is the line that went up. Fresh straw, clipped cattle, framed photos on the drapes, a crew still working the aisle — and nobody made them do any of it. Cattle on the grounds sit at 108% against 2016 while attendance sits at 67% and the trade floor at 52%. The only number still climbing is the one exhibitors pay about $3,800 a head to put there.

Here is the complete record, from Expo’s own published show and event summaries. Index values in brackets: exhibitors against 884 in 2017, cattle against 2,434 in 2016, attendance against 77,204 in 2014.

YearCommercial exhibitorsCattle on groundsAttendance
2014835 (94)2,334 (96)77,204 (100)
2015871 (99)2,296 (94)72,427 (94)
2016881 (100)2,434 (100)74,572 (97)
2017884 (100)2,356 (97)68,710 (89)
2018887 (100)2,338 (96)65,136 (84)
2019859 (97)2,331 (96)62,240 (81)
2020cancelled (COVID-19)——
2021663 (75)2,306 (95)48,502 (63)
2022672 (76)2,663 (109)54,525 (71)
2023563 (64)2,571 (106)56,250 (73)
2024551 (62)2,527 (104)55,209 (72)
2025461 (52)2,625 (108)51,525 (67)

Read the attendance column down before you read anything else. It falls in 2015. It falls again in 2017, 2018, and 2019. By the last show before the pandemic, Expo had lost 14,964 people, down 19% from 2014 — and not one of those years can be blamed on COVID. The crowd was leaving for six years, and the industry talked about it as if it hadn’t started.

Now read the exhibitor column next to it. Through all of that, the trade floor held. It peaked at 887 companies in 2018, the fifth consecutive year of falling attendance. Vendors were still buying booths at a show whose audience had already shrunk by a sixth.

That’s the finding, and it isn’t the one we expected. The audience left first. The vendors followed. They followed in two waves: 196 companies gone across the shutdown gap between 2019 and 2021, then another 211 in the three years from 2022 to 2025 — about 70 a year, in a stretch when the farm shakeout had largely run its course. The first wave has an obvious explanation. The second doesn’t.

These are not contested numbers, and Expo isn’t hiding them. Its own website currently describes the trade show as “over 450 companies from 15 countries,” which squares with the 461 it published for 2025. The disagreement here is about what the trend means, not what the figures are.

And the cattle held throughout. Head on the grounds peaked at 2,663 in 2022 and sits at 2,625 today, index 108 against 2016 and up 12% on 2014. Set that beside a trade floor at 52 and an audience at 67. Same show, same week, one line up and two lines halved or worse.

The inversion worth sitting with. Waterloo choked because management chased trade-floor novelty and entertainment at the expense of the cattle, until the breed associations stopped believing it was a dairy show. Madison faces the opposite trap: a ring full of elite cattle whose audience thinned for six years and whose commercial floor then walked. The symptom is inverted. In our view, the fatal outcome is the same: a show whose economics no longer support the thing it exists to do.

DimensionWaterloo (National Dairy Cattle Congress)Madison (World Dairy Expo)
Peak era1910–1965; 87,000 attendance by 19192014–2018; 77,204 attendance in 2014
What management protectedTrade floor, horse shows, entertainmentThe cattle ring (2,625 head in 2025, index 108)
What management lost firstThe dairy mission — breed associations walked in 1965The audience — down 19% between 2014 and 2019
The visible symptomDropped “Dairy” from its own nameCommercial exhibitors down 48% since 2018 (887 → 461)
The financial rescueGreyhound track (1986); Meskwaki loan; foreclosureUnresolved — sponsorship model not yet restructured
Terminal sign“Cattle Congress Cuts Cows” — could no longer afford its own livestock showsTrade-floor economics no longer support the ring they exist to fund

Meanwhile, the herd behind those numbers didn’t shrink. Farm counts fell hard, from 39,303 in 2017 to 24,094 in 2022, yet the U.S. still milks roughly 9.4 million cows, producing more milk than ever, around 226 billion pounds. Same cows. More milk. Emptier building. For the fuller picture of what dairy’s consolidation is doing to the whole show week, the pattern is the one Waterloo lived: a strong core on an eroding base nobody wanted to name.

What does a shrinking trade floor actually cost a show like this?

Run it like your own operation. The floor went from 887 companies in 2018 to 461 in 2025, so 426 gone in seven years, with the current bleed near 70 a year. Now price what one vendor represents: a booth fee, yes, but also sponsorship dollars, hospitality spend, and the reason a share of attendees fire up the truck at all. Organizers expect more than 50,000 guests from nearly 90 countries this year, and the show generated $31.8 million in local economic benefit last year. Strip half the commercial base out of an engine that size and what you lose is gravity. 

This is what a full floor looks like. Expo’s commercial exhibitor count peaked at 887 in 2018 and stood at 461 in 2025 — 426 booths gone. A booth is never only a booth. It’s a sponsorship line and somebody’s reason to keep coming back.

Expo’s trade show currently runs Tuesday through Friday. Whether four selling days against Madison hotel and facility costs still pencils for a mid-size supplier is a question worth asking out loud — and one only the exhibitors who left can answer. We don’t have that reporting yet. Nobody does, which is part of the problem. 

World Dairy Expo at the Alliant Energy Center, Lake Monona and downtown Madison on the horizon. Barns in the middle, cars around the edges — the same composition as Waterloo’s postcard. The lots are full. Fifty thousand people are expected. And nothing here shows you a trade floor that has lost nearly half its companies since 2018.

Here’s the piece romantics skip. A great show ring doesn’t finance itself. Prestige doesn’t cover the power bill, and legacy doesn’t make payroll. Every big show needs an economic engine, and at Expo the trade floor has long been a huge part of that engine. Waterloo’s engine shifted away from cattle and ended up at a dog track, and by the time anyone called it a crisis, the identity damage was done. Different route, same arithmetic.

The disanalogies are real, and they matter. The 1965 break came when the National Dairy Association physically walked, and Madison has no equivalent walkout. Waterloo slid from national to regional while Expo still draws from nearly 90 countries. Rail-era transport economics aren’t Madison’s problem. And where Waterloo’s management answered decline by diversifying away from dairy cattle, Madison has done the opposite, and the cattle numbers prove it. This is a complacency warning, not a collapse prophecy. Say it plainly so nobody twists it. 

This is the World Dairy Expo Holstein Show — the marquee event of dairy’s premier week. The best cattle on the continent are in the ring. Look at the seats around them.The 2025 International Holstein Show at the Alliant Energy Center Coliseum, Madison. The stands sit barely a quarter full for one of the most prestigious classes in the world. Photo: The Bullvine.

So what do you actually do if it’s your show that’s fading?

Waterloo’s decline wasn’t fate. It was a stack of choices, which makes the fixes choices too, and some shows are already making them. If you sit on a committee, a breed board, or an association that runs an event, these are your live options.

FixWhat triggers itWhat it costs to tryHow it fails
Watch the gate before the floorTwo consecutive years of falling attendanceAn afternoon consolidating existing gate dataOne weather-driven year proves nothing; you need three data points before you act
Reconcile numbers to marketing copyAny published claim older than 3 yearsOne editor, one afternoonFixes credibility, not revenue — and a sponsor’s lead data may find the gap first
Build year-round sponsorship programTrade-floor revenue falling faster than attendance12-month sales calendar, naming-rights inventory, education programmingDenver’s model leans on capital-campaign scale that dairy suppliers may not match
Audit the 93% you don’t invoiceExhibitors complaining about costBlock hotel rates, scheduling tie-ins, logistics coordination$3,800/cow figure is composite, not audited — build policy on your own string first

Path one: watch your gate before you watch your floor. Expo’s own record shows the audience turning six years before the vendors did. Attendance is the leading indicator and booth count is the lagging one, which means a show reading only its exhibitor revenue is reading the slower number. When it works: you track gate and floor as separate series, year over year, and treat two consecutive attendance drops as a trigger rather than weather. What it requires:publishing your own numbers consistently enough to have a series at all. Risks and limits: gate counts move with weather, calendar, and ticket policy, so one bad year proves nothing. Three do.

Path two: check whether your own numbers still match your own story. Waterloo kept the word “National” in its name and on its letterhead for years after the national shows had left for Madison, right up until “Dairy” came out in 1965. The paperwork described an institution that no longer existed. When it works: you compare ten years of published figures against what your website, venue copy, and sponsor decks currently claim, and fix the gaps yourself. What it requires: one afternoon and a willingness to be embarrassed in private. Risks and limits: it fixes credibility, not revenue. If a sponsor’s own lead data finds the gap first, you lose the renewal and the credibility in the same meeting.

Path three: build a year-round sponsorship program. The National Western Stock Show in Denver paid its debt in full for the first time in decades and reached $120 million toward a $150 million capital campaign. Then it packed 750,039 people through the gates over 16 days this January, an all-time record that broke a mark standing since 2006. In the ring, the first Auction of Junior Livestock Champions in the new CoBank Auction Arena set a record at $822,500 for the top eight champions, up $185,000. Read the venue name again. A lender put its name on the arena. When it works: your commercial base is eroding but the brand is still worth investing in. What it requires: naming rights, hospitality, and scholarship alignment sold on a twelve-month calendar. Risks and limits: Denver leans on a multi-year capital campaign and named-facility partners, while dairy equipment and genetics suppliers run on tighter margins and shorter budget cycles. The operating principle survives the difference. You cannot treat commercial partners like booth-renters for five days in October and expect them to behave like stakeholders the other eleven months. Worth testing: the sponsors most likely to stay are the ones buying year-round category alignment, education programming, and naming rights rather than floor space. That’s a hypothesis about where the money is going, not a claim about what any company has said.

Path four: fix the cost math before you blame loyalty. Bullvine’s accounting puts the true cost of showing at Madison near $3,800 a cow in a five-cow string, with Expo’s own fees only about $280 of it. The other 93% is fitting, hotels, travel, and relief milking. When it works: you attack the costs you don’t invoice for, through block rates, scheduling, and tie-in logistics. What it requires: treating exhibitor cost as your problem rather than theirs. Risks and limits: the $3,800 figure is a composite drawn from exhibitor testimony, not audited accounts, so run your own string before you build policy on it.

The 30-day action. Before your next board meeting, pull ten years of attendance and vendor counts from your own published summaries and put both series on one slide. Not one line. Two, so you can see which turned first. This month, while Expo week is fresh enough to argue about. Waterloo’s fatal habit wasn’t ignorance. Plenty of people saw the slide, and nobody made the room stare at it while there was time.

Key Takeaways

  • Two consecutive years of falling gate is a trigger, not weather
    Expo’s attendance dropped in 2015, then again in 2017, 2018, and 2019 — 19% gone before COVID. The trade floor was still at peak through 2018. If your gate is sliding while your booth revenue holds, you are reading the lagging number.
  • If the decline outlasted consolidation, “structural” is an excuse
    Madison’s floor lost 211 companies in the three years after the farm shakeout slowed, roughly 70 a year. Herd size held and milk output hit records over the same stretch.
  • Index your three lines against each other before you call anything healthy
    Cattle at 108, attendance at 67, exhibitors at 52. A full ring is not an all-clear, and the ring is the only line that’s up.
  • Reconcile your published figures with your promotional copy this week
    Waterloo kept the word “National” long after the nationals left. Find the gap yourself before a sponsor’s lead data finds it in a renewal meeting.
  • Ringside banners will not carry a sponsorship program
    Denver retired its debt, raised $120M toward $150M, set a 750,039 attendance record, and posted an $822,500 junior auction, all off year-round partnership and named-facility deals.
  • If exhibitors complain about cost, audit the 93% you don’t invoice
    At roughly $3,800 a cow, only about $280 is Expo’s fee. The rest is fitting, hotels, travel, and relief milking, and a show can move more of that than it thinks.
Stella Schmocker and Luck-E Merjack Asalia, Supreme Champion of the 2205 Junior Show. No exhibitor count measures this. It is also the last thing a failing show gives up — Waterloo held its cattle classes until it could no longer afford them.

Before you decide it can’t happen here

The 116th National Cattle Congress Fair closes in Waterloo on Sunday, September 27. Two days later, the gates open in Madison for the 59th time. Carry this question through them: which of your show’s two lines turned first, and how many years ago? Pull the series before you answer, and pull it from the published summaries rather than the brochure.

Waterloo, 1958. Premier Breeder and Premier Exhibitor in the Jersey Show, a silver service, and a row of ribbons going carefully into a box. Seven years later the national dairy associations moved their shows to Madison.

Waterloo wasn’t some weak little fair nobody loved. It was enormous, prestigious, woven into generations of October traditions, and it still lost the plot, then the center, then the cattle. Nabholz wrote his book to preserve what a great show had been before the memory thinned out. The people invoking Waterloo around Madison are trying to make sure nobody has to write the eulogy.

Decline isn’t fate. But complacency is a choice.

The booth-by-booth breakdown behind the slide is in our deeper dive on Expo’s attendance decline, and the sharpest of these signals land first in The Bullvine Weekly.

Editor’s note: This is an opinion piece. The historical record of the National Dairy Cattle Congress is documented and sourced; the comparison drawn to World Dairy Expo, and the recommendations that follow, are solely those of the author and The Bullvine. They are not a position or viewpoint of World Dairy Expo, which did not request, authorize, or contribute to this article. We consider the long-term health of North America’s principal dairy exhibition a matter of legitimate public interest to the exhibitors, breed associations, sponsors, and producers whose time and capital it depends on. Every attendance, trade-show, and cattle-entry figure cited comes from World Dairy Expo’s own published annual show and event summaries, 2014 through 2025; the indexed comparison and loss rates are The Bullvine’s own calculations based on those published figures, and our interpretation is our own.

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