Argentina’s dairy sector roars back with 10.9% Q1 growth – but can soaring feed costs and domestic demand curb its global comeback?
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Argentina’s dairy industry surged 10.9% in Q1 2024, fueled by ideal weather, record producer margins (3.7%), and a rebound in economic stability. However, this recovery faces dual threats: declining milk prices as supply rebounds and rising feed costs linked to China’s soybean demand amid U.S. trade tensions. Domestic consumption jumped 17.2%, absorbing most new production and limiting export growth despite higher output. While 14 straight months of profitability signal resilience, experts warn margin compression could stall momentum. The sector’s 2024 trajectory hinges on balancing domestic market gains with volatile global trade dynamics.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- Production surge: 15.9% March growth caps a 10.9% quarterly rebound, though volumes remain below 2020–2023 averages.
- Profitability peak: Record milk prices (+3.7% margins) face pressure from easing processor competition and China-driven feed cost spikes.
- Domestic focus: 17.2% spike in local dairy demand soaks up new supply, stabilizing exports despite higher output.
- Trade ripple effects: Argentina’s soybean export push risks inflating feed costs, squeezing dairy margins.
- 2024 outlook: Growth continues but hinges on sustaining margins amid price volatility and economic uncertainty.

Argentina’s dairy sector is staging a remarkable turnaround in 2025, with milk production surging by 10.9% in the first quarter compared to last year. This impressive rebound, driven by favorable weather, improved economic conditions, and record producer profitability, signals the end of a challenging period for one of South America’s dairy powerhouses. But will this growth trajectory continue, and what obstacles might lie ahead for Argentine dairy farmers?
THE DRAMATIC PRODUCTION REBOUND
The Argentine dairy comeback has gained momentum with each passing month of 2025. January kicked things off with a 5.6% year-over-year increase, followed by an impressive 12.1% jump in February, before accelerating to a stunning 15.9% surge in March. This represents one of the sharpest production turnarounds in Argentina’s recent dairy history.
“The usual seasonal decline from February to March was almost nonexistent this year at just 0.7%, compared to the typical 4-5% drop,” reports the Argentine Dairy Chain Observatory (OCLA). This exceptional performance resulted in March production reaching 816.4 million liters, putting Argentina firmly on the path to recovery.
Despite these impressive percentage gains, context matters. This growth comes after a disastrous 2024 when national milk production slumped to 10.59 billion liters- a painful 6.5% decline from 2023. Even with March’s remarkable 15.9% year-over-year increase, volumes remain approximately 0.7% below March 2023 levels, underscoring just how deep the 2024 production hole was.
The recovery isn’t uniform across all dairy regions and farm types. Significant variations exist depending on farm size, efficiency levels, and geographic location, with some areas rebounding more strongly than others.
WHAT’S DRIVING THE TURNAROUND?
Three key factors have converged to fuel Argentina’s dairy resurgence in 2025:
Favorable Weather Conditions
After battling extreme weather in 2024, when high Temperature-Humidity Index readings hammered production across major dairy regions, Argentine dairy farmers now benefit from ideal conditions. Sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures have created perfect pasture growing conditions, dramatically reducing input costs for grazing-based operations.
Sustained Producer Profitability
Perhaps the most crucial driver is the unprecedented run of profitability for Argentine dairy producers. As of February 2025, farmers were enjoying their 13th consecutive month of positive margins, with profitability reaching 3.8%-representing some of the best returns since 2019.
This extended period of positive margins has finally enabled farmers to reinvest in their operations after years of underinvestment during the economic crisis. Many operations have upgraded equipment, improved genetics, and enhanced feeding programs, contributing to higher per-cow productivity.
Government Policy Support
The Argentine government’s decision to suspend export duties on dairy products through June 2025 has dramatically boosted sector competitiveness. This policy shift, alongside financial support mechanisms like the dairy-specific credit line from the Bank of Investment and Foreign Trade (BICE), which fixes loan payments in liters of milk rather than pesos, has created a more stable operating environment for producers.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS ACCOMPANY VOLUME GROWTH
Beyond the increase in pure volume, Argentine milk quality is also improving significantly. The production of “useful solids” (butterfat and protein) increased by 11.7% in Q1 2025 compared to last year. Fat and protein content has risen from 6.94% in 2024 to 7.00% in 2025.
This quality improvement boosts processor yields and enhances export opportunities for higher-value products. Whole milk powder, Argentina’s primary dairy export, has seen its price rise to $4,019 per ton in February 2025, a 2% increase from January.
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION SURGES ALONGSIDE PRODUCTION
The rising tide of dairy production is complemented by robust domestic demand growth. Internal sales during January-February 2025 increased by 17.2% in milk-equivalent terms compared to 2024. This consumption boom spans all product categories, with powdered milk sales jumping 45%, fluid milk up 13.3%, and cheese increasing 11.5%.
This domestic consumption surge has essential implications for Argentina’s export potential. Despite the production increase, much of the additional milk is being directed to satisfy recovering domestic demand, limiting the immediate export growth potential.
THE EXPORT OUTLOOK REMAINS PROMISING DESPITE DOMESTIC ABSORPTION
While the domestic market is absorbing a significant portion of increased production, Argentina’s dairy export sector is still showing signs of improvement. Foreign exchange earnings from dairy exports grew 16% month-over-month in February 2025 and increased 8% compared to February 2024.
Argentine dairy products reach over 85 international markets, with whole milk powder leading the export portfolio. The suspension of export duties through June 2025 has significantly enhanced the competitiveness of Argentine dairy products in global markets. However, the effect of this policy beyond the current suspension period remains uncertain.
CHALLENGES AND RISKS ON THE HORIZON
Despite the overwhelmingly positive start to 2025, several potential headwinds could impact Argentina’s dairy recovery:
Potential Milk Price Pressures
As production increases and milk scarcity eases, the intense processor competition that drove record milk prices in early 2025 may dissipate. This could lead to downward pressure on farm-gate prices, compressing the exceptional margins.
Operating Cost Risks
Feed costs present a particular concern. Argentina’s position as a major global agricultural exporter creates an interesting dynamic where policies that benefit crop exporters-like reduced export taxes on soybeans and grains-can inadvertently raise input costs for dairy producers by tightening domestic feed supplies.
The growing trade tensions between the United States and China might further complicate this situation. As China seeks alternative suppliers for agricultural products, particularly soybeans, Argentina is well-positioned to increase its exports to the Chinese market. This could further tighten domestic feed supplies and raise costs for dairy producers.
Production Recovery Still Incomplete
Despite the impressive growth percentages, Argentina’s dairy sector is still recovering. OCLA estimates that to match 2023’s production levels, 2025 output would need to grow by 6.9% for the full year, while reaching 2022 levels would require a 9.1% increase. The sector is making strides but hasn’t fully returned to its pre-crisis production capacity.
OUTLOOK FOR THE REMAINDER OF 2025
The remainder of 2025 looks promising for Argentina’s dairy sector, though growth rates are expected to moderate somewhat in the year’s second half. OCLA projects annual production growth between 5% and 7%, though these estimates could prove conservative if the strong first-quarter momentum continues.
April production is expected to maintain the positive trend, potentially making the first half of 2025 a record-setting period for recovery. Weather forecasts remain favorable, and producer sentiment is the highest in years.
The most likely scenario for the remainder of 2025 is continued but more moderate growth, with annual production potentially approaching 11.2 billion liters. This would represent a significant recovery from 2024’s low point but still leave room for further growth in 2026 and beyond to reclaim Argentina’s dairy potential fully.
CONCLUSION: ARGENTINA’S DAIRY SECTOR REBORN
Argentina’s dairy industry demonstrates remarkable resilience in 2025, returning strongly from a challenging 2024. The 10.9% production increase in Q1 2025 reflects favorable weather conditions and the cumulative impact of improved economic policies, sustained profitability, and renewed farmer confidence.
While challenges remain-including potential price pressures, rising input costs, and the question of how export markets will develop overall trajectory is decidedly upbeat, Argentina has reestablished itself as a dairy growth story, providing valuable lessons in sector recovery for dairy industries worldwide.
The coming months will reveal whether this impressive rebound can be sustained. Still, one thing is sure: Argentina’s dairy farmers have proven their resilience and adaptability again, turning the page on a difficult chapter and writing a new story of growth and opportunity in 2025.
Learn more:
- Argentina’s Dairy Revival: Analyzing the Production Surge and Economic Rebound
Examines policy reforms under President Milei that stabilized inflation and boosted financing, enabling Argentina’s first production growth in 18 months. - Argentina’s Dairy Industry Poised for Growth Amid Global Turbulence
Discusses how 2025’s 4.4% production rebound hinges on technological adoption and climate resilience despite trade volatility. - Argentina’s Milk Production Drops 13% But Farmer Profits Surge 45%
Explores the paradox of declining output but rising margins in 2024, highlighting strategies farmers used to thrive amid economic shocks.
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