As I listen to breeder-to-breeder discussions and read the information that is produced and shared, I am asking myself “Have we lost our breeder minds?” Most of the details or information shared is about what non-breeders think. Organizations, media and governments have different agendas and goals than breeders have. The Bullvine feels strongly that breeders need to make their voices heard in defining the genetic systems and services that are absolutely necessary for future success.
The Gravy is Gone
Where once breeders could sell animals for good prices, the premiums are gone and there are minimal, if any, margins for selling average breeding stock (Read more: Who Killed The Market For Good Dairy Cattle? and An Insider’s Guide to What Sells at the Big Dairy Cattle Auctions 2013). Where once breeding a top proven sire would mean a nice royalty check, that farm development or retirement money is no longer there. And, furthermore, buyers who once bought replacement animals from breeders have moved to using sexed semen and cross breeding and they now have their own reproductively efficient replacements.
Adjusting to Reality takes A C T I O N
Breeders are seeing a much different industry today than even just five years ago but they have not adjusted their business plans accordingly. Getting to the future in this era requires something other than following the past. Sexed semen, sexed embryos and cows with a hundred plus daughters are here. Genomic information has moved the focus to young animals (Read more: Genomics – Opportunity is Knocking, Genomics at Work – August 2013 and The End of the Daughter Proven Sire Era). Breeding decisions must be extended to include many more profit determining traits. And that only gets us to 2014. What will the industry look like in 2020 and beyond? In today’s terms that is only three to four generations of females away.
The Future – Bright & Sunny or a Tornado?
The Bullvine hears both scenarios. Some breeders have accepted that genomics is a very useful tool for their niche and plans. They see light at the end of the tunnel for themselves. Other breeders are asking questions – “Why have purebreds? Why test? Why record? Why participate? Why more traits? …Why, Why, Why?” For them they are in a tornado. Some of those breeders have already cashed in and moved on in their careers. For those that remain in the breeding industry where are they being given support, representation or help?
We can learn from the Past
Breed societies were formed about a century ago to provide service to breeders in authentication and representation. Breeders set aside their individual ideas or priorities for the collective good. They elected peers to represent them on boards that set policies, established recording systems and set the breed direction necessary to get us to where we are today. That took work. We need that kind of work today. It isn’t just holding down a seat at a board table. It means representation. It means vision. It means proactive leadership.
Does the collective good concept still hold today? Cooperative A.I. organizations, formed 75 years ago by breeders, are in some cases being run as primarily as large corporations. Is the breeder voice being voiced? Being lost? Being heard?
Time for Breeders to Speak Up
So what has happened to our minds and our voices? Have they gone into hibernation or gone silent? Are we only huddling with likeminded breeders? Are we stuck in deep muddy ruts? Do we give good input to our elected officials?
Breeder organizations need to be looking to the future. Meetings seem to be the same old crowd talking about what’s wrong with the future. Breed promotion is, often, tied to the past not the future. It’s all about tradition in a time when we are in revolution. Meetings are boring and ignored by innovative breeders. Discerning breeders take the time, when they have it, to provide input to boards, researchers and politicians. They often catch up or link up during a break time in their busy days.
If breeders do not work collectively and take action to position breeds then the move to bigger corporations setting the rules will win the day. This has happened in poultry and swine.
You can be Heard 24-7
Not everyone has time for meetings. Holding office is time consuming. Dairy breeding is 24-7. There are ways to communicate 24-7. Several ways in fact. Social media is ready to carry your message whenever you are ready to give it. Some breeders may say that they prefer hard copy or face-to-face communications. But today that is passé.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
It is time for breeders to spend time, energy and resources to develop positions and make their wishes known. That will not happen by complaining to each other. It is time to stop leaving the action to others. Our future is in our own hands and key pads. The time for sitting back and watching is long past. Are you speaking up for the future of breeds and tomorrow’s breeders?
Breeders are continually searching for Mr. Right when it comes to which sire or sires to use in their herd. It is part of both the excitement and challenge of being a breeder. Breeders pour over the sire listings, available on-line, and in the printed materials from bull owners, marketers or breed associations. However, according to female registrations, breeders do not closely follow the list toppers. The Bullvine decided to look at what happened in 2013 on both sires used and sires available.
Most Used Sires – 2013
The progress for a population is set by which sires are the most used. In this case, we are referring to the sires with the most registered daughters.
Table 1 Sires with Most Registrations- United States (April 2013)
Table 2 Sires with Most Registrations- Canada (2013)
The data for Table 1 comes from April 2013 Holstein USA ‘High Registry Activity by Bull’ and for Table 2 comes from the 2013 registration activity report from Holstein Canada. The TPI and LPI proofs used were their April 2014 indexes as CDN changed the Canadian base system in 2013 and thereby the number listed will more accurately reflect what readers see now.
Points of interest from this table include:
Genomic Sires – four of the US sires have genomic evaluations only while for Canada all ten most used sires were proven sires
Sire usage in USA and Canada does not follow the sire ratings for total merit indexes: gTPI, NM$ or gLPI.
Average Indexes for Most Used Sires
There is a significant range in the average proofs for the most used sires and for most traits the average proofs of the sires were not outstanding.
Table 3 – Average Proofs in December 2102 for Most Used US Sires
Table 4 – Average Proofs in December 2102 for Most Used Canadian Sires
The overall observation from Tables 3 & 4 is that both US and Canadian purebred breeders place significant emphasis on type when choosing the sires for their herds and as we have observed previously. (Read more: Top Sires North American Breeders Are Using) Breeders have not considered fertility (DPR or DF) as being important when choosing their sires. Canadian breeders place significant emphasis on component percentages, fat +0.31% and protein +0.06%.
Once breeders select a sire they appear to stick with the bull even if better sires come along.
How Big a Sacrifice?
The question that comes to mind is what were the average proofs for the top bulls in mid-2012. Those were the bulls that would have been available for use that would have resulted in daughters being born in 2013. The question that breeders need to ask themselves is how much did they give up in genetic advancement and thereby on-farm profit by not sticking to popular instead of the top sires. In this example, top sires were considered to be the top ten proven and top ten genomic sires for TPI or LPI.
Table 5 Trait Averages for Top Ten TPI A.I. Sires Available in 2012
Table 6 Trait Averages for Top Ten LPI A.I. Sires Available in 2012
For North American purebred Holstein breeders was it worth giving up considerable milk, fat, protein, longevity, fertility and udder health to use bulls that are high for type? Even if it is acknowledged that genomic bulls are considered to be somewhat over-rated, giving up 50+ pounds of fat, another 50+ pounds of protein, 1.5 to 2.5 months of herd life, cows open a month or two longer and higher somatic cell counts does not seem worth limiting bulls to only those that have high type proofs..
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Both daughter proven and genomically evaluated sires are available that will increase the genetic level of herds and give greater on-farm profit. By limiting sires used to the higher type ones, North American purebred Holstein breeders deny themselves the opportunity to move ahead at a faster rate. Having a breeding plan (Read more: What’s the plan?) and continually buying semen from the best sires, the ones that will produce the milking females that breeders want to milk, are practices that must be followed. Following tradition and using the ‘safe’ bulls will mean breeders are leaving money on the table.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
Dairy breeders are continually taking steps to be more exact about the way they farm and the products they buy, produce and sell. However when it comes to the genetic make-up of our animals there remains significant difference of thought, amongst breeders, about the actual accuracy of the genetic information. Breeders are presented with a wide range of facts. Gold Medal, Extra, Star Brood, DOM, proven, genomic, photos, Supreme Champion … no wonder many breeders are confused. The Bullvine feels that breeders need to be objective about the animal information they see and to think in terms of the accuracy of the information. Now we are not talking about whether or not an animal meets the ideal. We’re talking about how much we can rely on the facts we see in hard copy or from virtual communication sources.
In the Beginning
In the nineteenth century milk cows were mostly dual purpose and herd size was small. People wanting to get into dairying purchased a cow or bull based on what the seller said were the animal’s merits. In time breed societies were formed to document lineage. That was followed in the early twentieth century with third party authentication of both yield and conformation. The third party oversight of parentage and performance were the beginning steps to know the accuracy of the information. That was the start.
Many Steps Along The Way
Having a milk record or type classification authenticated for a single one cow in a herd was initially thought to be very useful information. The next move was to compare a cow to her dam to see if improvement had been made. But that did not help much as the cow and her dam were not simultaneously at the same age and, in some cases, not in the same herd. Of course, over time we have learned that we need to know the performance of the cow’s herdmates. That was the stage where breeders started to compare animals within a herd with the desire to know which animals were superior, or, conversely, inferior for a trait. The biggest breakthrough in accurately determining the relative genetic merit of an animal came when Dr Charles Henderson, Cornell University, developed the analysis technique that he called B.L.U.P. (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Forget about trying to understand the term, what it does is compare all animals within a herd and then compile the results across all herds to produce genetic rankings for males and females.
What About Accuracy?
From a genetic merit perspective it is important to know two things. Firstly where does the animal rank in the populations? And secondly, and also very important, how accurate is the prediction? How much trust can a breeder put in the animal’s genetic rating? If information is of limited accuracy, then it may be nice to know, but it does little for constructive breeding or to provide the opportunity to drive up on-farm profits. Accuracy produces confidence; confidence accelerates advancement, and negligence ruins the reputation which accuracy had raised. (Read more: Has Genomics Knocked Out Hot House Herds? And The Hot House Effect on Sire Sampling)
Let’s Compare Accuracy
The range in accuracy of genetic evaluation indexes goes from 0 to 99% and is called Reliability. The following chart is an approximation of the accuracy of predicting an animal’s total merit index (i.e TPI, NM$, LPI, or any other national total merit index) from the information that is known on the animal.
Reliability In Predicting An Animal Total Merit Index
As far as accuracy goes the winners, as a result of incorporating genomic information into our genetic evaluation systems, have been young bulls, young heifers and brood cows. Adding genomic information has resulted in a doubling of the accuracy of their indexes. For further information on accuracy an interesting read is Two Ways to Look at Accuracy for Genomic Young Bullspublished by Canadian Dairy Network.
What’s Ahead?
As more and more animals are genomically tested and recorded for their performance, the accuracy of all genetic indexes will increase. Three other steps that will assist in increasing the accuracy of total merit indexing are needed:
Have every milk weight, fat %, protein% and SCC automatically captured at every milking;
Have information on new economically important traits collected; and
Have more economic information available on more traits.
Breeders will be the benefactors of having more and more accurate information so that they can make more and more accurate decisions.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Having genomic information has been a significant step forward for increasing the accuracy of genetic indexes. But it will go beyond genetics and genomics in the future. Read past Bullvine articles for further details about genomics for health and management (Read more: Herd Health, Management, Genetics and Pilot Projects: A Closer Look at ZOETIS) and what lies beyond genomics (Read more: Forget Genomics – Epigenomics & Nutrigenomics are the Future). When buying genetics breeders need to check that the animals, semen or embryos they are considering will both follow their breeding plans (Read more: What’s the plan?) and that the information is accurate. Breeding dairy cattle is faster paced every year. The accuracy of the information used is an important consideration.
If you were to describe the perfect program to achieve top female fertility in your herd, what would it be? Would your program include heifers calving at 22 months of age and every 11-13 months thereafter until lifetime production reaches 275,000 lbs (125,000 kgs) of milk? For decades breeders have heard that they can’t breed for fertility. It’s all management and nutrition. Well that story is changing. Let’s examine how genetics can play a role in improved fertility in a herd.
The Current Scenario
The CDCB (Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding) has summarized the following current reproduction information on the current US dairy cattle.
Holstein cows take 2.5 breedings per conception. Jerseys take 2.2.
Holstein cows average 80 days in milk before they are bred. Jerseys average 77 days.
Average calving interval for Holstein cows that calve back is 13.8 months. Jerseys average 13.0 months.
Average conception rate for Holstein cows is 32%. Jerseys average 41%.
Average age at first calving in Holsteins is 26 months. Jerseys average 23.5 months.
These stats for Holsteins and Jerseys are provided for breeders to benchmark their herds, not to start a breed war. In five years’ time even if a Holstein herd was able to achieve the current Jersey average it will not be good enough. The three biggest factors that stand out from these stats and that are in need of correction are: 1) days to first breeding; 2) number of breedings before conception; and 3) age at first calving.
As it turns out the reproductive performance of North American dairy cows and herds reached their lowest level in 2007 and since then there has been minor genetic improvement.
Source: CDN – March 2010 – A Look at Fertility from Two perspective
Breeders Must Address Fertility
An attitude shift is needed. We must move from tolerance of fertility to awareness that genetics plays a role. Not all breeders have accepted the need for change. The Bullvine analysed the sires with the most progeny registered with Holstein US over the past two weeks and found that nine, yes nine, of the top twenty had negative genetic ratings for Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR). In fact two sires had significant negative ratings of -2.5 and -3.5. In addition four of the twenty had only slightly positive ratings. In total 13 of the top 20 sires were not breed improvers for DPR. That is significant!
Some breeders have paid attention to the management side of fertility and have increased their pregnancy rate by aggressive heat detection, by using professional A.I. reproduction specialists (Read more: Artificial Insemination – Is Doing It Yourself Really Saving You Money?) by installing heat detection devices or by using hormone level monitors (Read more: Better Decision Making by Using Technology). However from the latest reports from milk recording, half the herds have a pregnancy percent of less than 15%. And only 10% of herds have a pregnancy rate of 21% or more. Clearly more attention needs to be paid to getting cows and heifers pregnant.
Genetic Tools to Aid with Fertility
Daughter Pregnancy Rate (USA) and Daughter Fertility (Canada) are the primary genetic evaluation ratings to use when selecting for improved female fertility. These indexes are created using data from insemination, milk recording and type classification.
However there are eleven other genetic ratings that have some influence on reproduction. Individually they may not be significant but collectively they can contribute to reproductive problems or solutions.
Calving Ease – difficult births delay cows coming into heat
Maternal Calving Ease – normal delivery benefits – cow, calf and staff
SCC – cows with mastitis are less likely to conceive
Feet – problem cows are not mobile and do not show heats
Rear Legs Rear View – cows that toes out are not as mobile
Milk Yield – high milk yield stresses cows. Breed for high fat and protein yields on lower volumes of milk.
Body Condition Score – high yielding cows that retain body condition are more fertile
Persistency – high lactation yielding cows that have flatter lactation curves put less strain on their bodies
Haplotypes – information is now coming available to show that certain haploids hinder reproduction
Semen Conception Rate – although not a genetic rating, low fertility semen should be avoided
Those are the tools available today. We can expect that, with the current research into genomics and reproduction, there will be new ratings to assist with breeding more reproductively sound animals in the future.
Selection Matters
The Bullvine recommends that after breeders short list the sires they intend to use that they eliminate sires that do not have a DPR over 1.0 or a DF over 103. Yes, female fertility is included in TPI, NM$ and LPI but the emphasis on fertility in these total merit indexes is not high enough to result in major genetic improvement for fertility. The following lists of bulls are examples of bulls that significantly improve total merit as well as female fertility.
Table 1 Top Ranking US Sires by Daughter Pregnancy Rate
Table 2 Top Ranking CDN Sires by Daughter Fertility
Action Plan
It is important for both herd viability and sustainability that the following steps be followed.
Do not use bulls that are genetically inferior for reproductive traits.
Genomically test heifer calves. Eliminate reproductively inferior cows and heifers.
Include genomic reproductive information when correctively mating females.
Use heat detection devices, hormone level monitoring equipment or intensive staff heat detection.
Use herd management software and herd protocols to assist with reproductive management.
Ensure that animal housing and animal grouping result in healthy animals
Feed cows and heifers according to their performance and reproductive needs
Employ staff training and education program for reproduction.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The genetic attention starting to be given to female reproduction on dairy farms is long overdue. The first step for breeders is to include reproduction in your herd genetic improvement plan (Read more: What’s the plan?). In as little as five years, by following a progressive proactive plan, breeders will significantly reduce their losses due to reproduction.
In 2013 North American Holstein breeders sampled and received genomic evaluations for less than 7% of all heifers. Given the large number of articles being written about dairy cattle genomics these days, this small percentage left The Bullvine asking why there has not been more uptake on genomic testing?
Uneven Uptake.
Holstein Canada’s 2013 Annual Report shows Newfoundland with 100%, British Columbia with 21.4% and Quebec with 8.6% of the purebred female registrations that were genomically tested. Other provinces are as low as 3%. I expect that the same 3-9% range in uptake of this service exists in the United States but that statistic is not available on the Holstein USA Inc website. But based on North American averages published by Canadian Dairy Network, the national percentages would be about the same.
Some breeders label genomics as just another inaccurate index. They even call it a production index. Believe those things if you wish, but genomic indexes are 55-70% accurate and genomic ratings exist for all traits – yields, component percents, each conformation area and all management traits. The breeders genomically testing their females are definitely ahead of the curve.
On the male side of the equation, 100% of the young Holstein bulls entering into A.I. in North America are being genomically evaluated. A.I. companies are making extensive use of the genomic results in their young sire proving and marketing programs. In the past five years young sire usage by Holstein breeders has risen from less than 20% to over 50%. This rising amount of semen sold is due primarily to the higher genetic merit for the genomic bulls compared to the proven sires. For the most recent two weeks, 66% of the top 25 bulls on the “Holstein USA’s High Registry Activity by Bull Report” were genomically evaluated unproven bulls.
So what is responsible for this disconnect between what is happening on the young male and young female sides of the pedigree?
Heifers Don’t Matter
Breeders always have reasons for why they do or do not use a service. So let’s talk about what is happening in the breeder’s world.
On the upside, milk prices are high, the USA is exporting 15% of the milk produced, high feed costs have eased somewhat and semen prices are reasonable. However on the downside are areas such as prices for newly calved first lactation females do not cover their rearing costs, sexed semen is not routinely available for young sires and the average herd size in the USA has reached 187 milking cows and many small herd breeders are about to retire or exit the industry.
The industry has changed and is not likely to return to the times when a small family farm could make a good living from milking 50-75 cows and selling breeding stock as the gravy on the meat and potatoes. Full heifer pens, losing money on raising heifers and no extra reward on sale day for high, but not the very top, heifers does not have breeders feeling positive about the heifer side of the herd. It has resulted in breeders deciding not to incur the cost of genomic testing, if the results are not going to provide information that will help and have a positive impact on the bottom line. Perhaps breeders are not assigning dollar values to genomic benefits or are not breeding for what the market is now demanding.
Current Benefits of Genomic Information
A synopsis of what genomic information has brought to the dairy cattle breeding industry include:
With every young sire being genomically tested, the ones that in the past would have received low proofs no longer need to be sampled. That saves A.I. companies money and saves breeders the holes in pedigrees and animals that must be culled.
Bull dam indexes are now much more accurate and only the top cows have sons being A.I. sampled. This has increased selection intensity but it has resulted in less income for breeders and the significant IVF fees for the, often many, full brothers that did not make the grade.
The parentage of every genomically tested animal can be verified. Increased accuracy.
Where a heifer’s parent average index was formerly 35% reliable, the genomic index is now 65% reliable. Almost double the accuracy.
Brood cows now have indexes that are over 90% reliable where they were formerly in the 60% range. Significantly increased accuracy.
More accurate breeding decisions can now be made for both cows and heifers. More rapid herd and breed improvement.
Herds genomically testing all their heifers can sell off their low end heifers. Decreased rearing costs.
The rates of breed improvement have doubled (Read more: The Genetic “SUPER COW” – Myth vs Reality) due to increased accuracy and much shorter generation intervals. Increased profit for herds and the industry.
For $45 breeders can get a 9K panel run. An interesting comparison is that this is equal to the costs to classify and milk record a cow for a year. In fact from an accuracy perspective genomic testing is a bargain as it costs the same but gives 65% accuracy whereas having a classification and a milk record gives 52% accuracy. In addition the genomic test can be run shortly after birth, saving on raising costs and presenting marketing opportunities.
But what’s the future?
The science of genomic evaluations in dairy cattle is advancing quickly. Breeders can expect in five years to see the following:
The accuracy of Holstein genomic indexes will be over 80% for traits of moderate heritability.
Current research for feed efficiency will produce a genetic rating for that important trait.
Genomic indexes will be available for more traits and with more accuracy for health and fertility traits.
More use will be made of genomic indexes for breeds beyond Holsteins.
Breeders will implant low end cows with high merit embryos and will not need to raise low end heifers.
Cows will stay in the herd longer resulting in higher daily herd average milk yields.
Breeders will be able to focus genetic selection on herd life, feed efficiency, fertility and health traits.
In five years time, discerning breeders will use genomic information like any other tool to breed better cattle and generate on-farm profit. If the cost of testing could be lowered from $45 to about $30 for a 9K panel evaluation, then the uptake would definitely increase significantly.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
We must always look to the future. For some breeders that may be one year until they sell out. However for many, including many young people just entering the industry, that future could be 10 to 30 years from now. Their decision should not be how they can do the heifer side as cheaply as possible. It needs to be how they can have the most profitable cows. The time is now to start genomically testing all heifers. Eliminating the lower end. Correctively mate to make the top end even better. Knowing all the facts and having all the information about the heifer herd is not a luxury, it is a necessity. Do not let opportunity pass you by.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
What comes to your mind, when you see or hear about a cow that has produced 200,000 pounds of 4.0% fat and 3.5% protein milk and is due to calve again soon? Too often as breeders we immediately look at her conformation and expound about her great feet and legs or mammary system. Unfortunately we are missing the important questions. What proportion of her birth mates have already been culled. Why were they culled? From a profitability point of view milk producers are missing the obvious. Culling information needs to be used for both breeding and management purposes. There’s no excuse for ignoring the statistics.
Jerseys Do It Better
Recently released American figures from milk recorded farms show that Jerseys are the best, when it comes to achieving the lowest culling percentage.
Table 1 Breed Culling Rates
NAME
SIRE STACK
SCORE
GTPI
NM$
PTAT
FAMILY
OWNER
1
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAKIRA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Mandel Debut
87
2443
839
3.49
Ladys-Manor Ruby Jen
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
2
ROYLANE SHOT MINDY 2079-ET
Shottle x Oman x Manat
86
2409
792
2.87
CMV Melwood Mindy
Buschur Dairy Farms, Inc.
3
LADYS-MANOR DORCY ODA
Dorcy x Auden x Outside
86
2389
756
3.06
Ladys-Manor Delightful Jem
My Ladys Manor Farm
4
LARCREST CRIMSON-ET
Ramos x Shottle x Outside
91
2384
741
3.15
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Larcrest Holsteins
5
LADYS-MANOR DORCY AMIRA
Dorcy x Planet x Goldwyn
86
2372
768
2.9
Ladys-Manor Autumn
My Ladys Manor Farm
6
LARCREST CASE-ETS
Planet x Ramos x Shottle
86
2369
815
2.68
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Diamond Genetics
7
LARCREST CAKE-ET
Super x Shottle x Outside
86
2346
688
3.09
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Sandy-Valley Farms
8
COOKIECUTTER MOM HALO-ET
Man-O-Man x Goldwyn x Champion
88
2338
656
3.33
Snow-N Denises Dellia
Phillip Wilson, Kyle M. Gett
9
WEBB-VUE GABOR MYCALA-ET
Gabor x Baxter x Goldwyn
87
2330
696
3.22
Burket-Falls KL Sabrina
Robert A. Webb
10
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2150-ET
Man-O-Man x Ramos x Hershel
87
2320
608
3.49
Clear-Echo Hershl D-Rac 822
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
11
BEN-AKERS PLANET LUISE26-ET
Planet x Jose x Ramos
85
2319
819
2.45
Ricecrest Luke Lisa
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
12
STRAUSSDALE PLANET ELLA
Planet x Shottle x Spike
87
2310
726
3.01
Brandts Encore Edith
Straussdale Holsteins LLC
13
SULLY PLANET MONTANA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Oman
86
2302
649
3.08
Sully Shottle May
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
14
AMMON-PEACHEY SHAUNA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Oman
87
2302
701
2.69
Wesswood-HC Rudy Missy
Seagull Bay Dairy
15
RICKLAND FREDDIE 3509-ET
Freddie x Shottle x Outside
83
2298
675
2.96
Oakfield Outside Brynn
Greg Rickert
16
VISION-GEN SH FRD A12276-ET
Freddie x Jet Stream x Outside
86
2298
681
2.89
Morningview Converse Judy
Oakfield Corners Dairy
17
DE-SU 9955-ET
Freddie x Boliver x Addison
85
2297
705
2.48
Neu-Way Patron Allie
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
18
LADYS-MANOR PL SHANDRA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Mandel Debut
87
2285
702
3.21
Ladys-Manor Ruby Jen
Joel Krall & Tim Crouse
19
NEWELL KRAMER 1571
Kramer x Pronto x Best
83
2280
704
1.66
Newell 548 Best
Ken Newell
20
MS M-P SEQUOIA LILLY-ET
Sequoia x Bolton x Shottle
85
2279
734
2
M-Pondhill Shottle Lana
Pond Hill Dairy
21
LARCREST CHENOA-ETS
Planet x Ramos x Shottle
87
2277
699
2.66
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Larcrest Holsteins
22
LARCREST CHIMA-ETS
Planet x Ramos x Shottle
88
2275
700
2.63
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Larcrest Holsteins
23
MS WELCOME MM LULITA CRI-ET
Man-O-Man x Shottle x Magna
85
2274
634
3.01
Welcome Blackstar Lass
Genesis Cooperative Herd
24
SYNERGY PLANET PASSION-ET
Planet x Oman x Outside
86
2273
702
2.61
Walkup Bell Lou Etta
Synergy Farm LLC
25
PINE-TREE FREDDIE ALEXA-ET
Freddie x Boliver x Zack
85
2273
698
2.44
Jafral Prelude Prissy
Pine Tree Dairy
So why are Jerseys rated as the best? What makes them 32% better than Holsteins? As nearly as I can determine, for both male and female perspective, it comes down to one area – superior reproduction! Jersey cows have a conception rate of 42 to 48%. This gives them a 27% lead over the Holstein conception rate of 33 to 36%. This conception rate gap accounts for 85% of the difference in culling rates between Jerseys and Holsteins.
Hat’s off to the Jersey breed and breeders. It’s little wonder that the Jersey breed is experiencing a resurgence in commercial milk production herds.
For a considerable time, judges and classifiers have been trained to penalize cows with high pins. However with mature Jersey cows that principle does not necessarily hold true. Even with high pins, Jerseys still get into calf. What I’m seeing, when I study proven and genomic bull proofs that it is much more accurate to judge reproduction by looking at Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR), when selecting bulls to use to improve herd genetics for fertility.
Before leaving the Jersey breed, it should be noted that the challenge for Jersey breeders is to improve their cattle for somatic cells (SCS), from an average of 2.94 compared to Holsteins at 2.80.
Stop Ignoring Culling Reports
Breeders are eternal optimists. So we try for five, six or seven services to get a cow in calf. We use sires that have a proof over 3.00 for SCS. We use bulls that leave daughters with shallow heels that toe out in the rear. Why is that? We all have read the annual reports of culling reasons? Do we think we’ll get lucky? Do we not respect the sire proofs?
Table 2 Culling Reasons that have a Genetic Component
NAME
SIRE STACK
SCORE
GTPI
NM$
PTAT
FAMILY
OWNER
1
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAKIRA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Mandel Debut
87
2441
840
3.65
Ladys-Manor Ruby Jen
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
2
LADYS-MANOR DORCY ODA
Dorcy x Auden x Outside
85
2407
773
3.12
Ladys-Manor Delightful Jem
My Ladys Manor Farm
3
ROYLANE SHOT MINDY 2079-ET
Shottle x Oman x Manat
85
2402
805
2.66
CMV Melwood Mindy
Buschur Dairy Farms, Inc.
4
LARCREST CRIMSON-ET
Ramos x Shottle x Outside
91
2348
710
3.1
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Larcrest Holsteins
5
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2150-ET
Man-O-Man x Ramos x Hershel
87
2347
649
3.52
Clear-Echo Hershl D-Rac 822
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
6
COOKIECUTTER MOM HALO-ET
Man-O-Man x Goldwyn x Champion
88
2334
661
3.32
Snow-N Denises Dellia
Phillip Wilson, Kyle M. Gett
7
SULLY PLANET MONTANA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Oman
86
2323
657
3.27
Sully Shottle May
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
8
BEN-AKERS PLANET LUISE26-ET
Planet x Jose x Ramos
85
2316
812
2.49
Ricecrest Luke Lisa
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
9
LARCREST CASE-ETS
Planet x Ramos x Shottle
86
2315
755
2.81
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Diamond Genetics
10
AMMON-PEACHEY SHAUNA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Oman
87
2299
686
2.82
Wesswood-HC Rudy Missy
Seagull Bay Dairy
11
STRAUSSDALE PLANET ELLA
Planet x Shottle x Spike
87
2295
703
3.23
Brandts Encore Edith
Straussdale Holsteins LLC
12
LADYS-MANOR PL SHANDRA-ET
Planet x Shottle x Mandel Debut
87
2287
696
3.34
Ladys-Manor Ruby Jen
Joel Krall & Tim Crouse
13
CHERRY CREST MANOMAN ROZ-ET
Man-O-Man x Elegant x Outside
86
2284
630
2.93
Whittier-Farms Outside Roz
Siemers Holsteins
14
RICHMOND-FD POMPEY-ET
Massey x Ramos x Pippen
87
2281
721
2.18
Richmond-FD Ramos Poppy
Pine Tree Dairy
15
COOKIECUTTER SS HEY 7043-ET
Man-O-Man x Goldwyn x Champion
83
2281
605
3.42
Snow-N Denises Dellia
Zimmerview Dairy
16
RALMA PLANET CENTURY-ET
Planet x Bolton x Durham
86
2273
647
3.34
Ralma Juror Faith
Siemers Holsteins
17
MS M-P SEQUOIA LILLY-ET
Sequoia x Bolton x Shottle
83
2271
734
1.99
M-Pondhill Shottle Lana
Pond Hill Dairy
18
DE-SU 9955-ET
Freddie x Boliver x Addison
85
2268
684
2.57
Neu-Way Patron Allie
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
19
RMW SUPER ARIANE-ET
Super x Goldwyn x Oman
83
2264
612
3.14
Unicorn Chairman Lynn
De-Su Holsteins, LLC
20
SYNERGY PLANET PASSION-ET
Planet x Oman x Outside
86
2263
687
2.7
Walkup Bell Lou Etta
Synergy Farm LLC
21
RICHLAWN SUPER APRIL APPLE
Super x Zade x Shottle
83
2261
702
2.06
Muranda Rudolf Lily
Genesis Cooperative Herd
22
JK-GOLD DORCY PASTRY-ET
Dorcy x Toystory x Outside
83
2260
619
2.92
Rabur Outside Pandora
Corwin Holtz and True Farms
23
DIRT-ROAD MANOMAN CAMEO-ET
Man-O-Man x Goldwyn x Tugolo
86
2259
651
2.55
Cooks-Valley Bell Curly
Steve & Amanda Killian
24
MS WELCOME LATH TAMMI
Latham x Colby x FBI
86
2258
578
2.82
Clear-Echo 2635 Bol 1204
Welcome-Stock Farm
25
LARCREST CHIMA-ETS
Planet x Ramos x Shottle
88
2256
673
2.58
Larcrest Juror Chanel
Larcrest Holsteins
The above culling reasons come from the cows culled in 2013 from Canadian milk recorded herds. Where a reason was provided, 73.6% of the cows were culled for reasons associated with genetics. The first cull should always be when you’re selecting sires. Stop using the ones that are causing problems that you are continually culling for. For information on what to cows that remain the longest in a herd, it is recommended that breeders read She Ain’t Pretty – She Just Milks That Way! There is a point where optimistically hoping for better results is simply foolish.
Do the Math
If we are still in doubt about the importance of considering culling in sire selection, let’s think about the dollars and cents of each of these statistics on lost dollars:
Every case of mastitis = -$300.
An extra 30 days in the dry pen, due to cows not getting in calf until the current average of 162 days in milk = -$150
Loss of genetics, when a top cow is culled = -$500
Five pounds less in average milk yield per cow per day, due to a long calving interval = -$200 per cow per year
Added costs and loss of production because of cows with moderate foot problems = -$400
Added insemination and semen cost with each insemination beyond second service =-$75.
Lost potential revenue from fewer calves born = -$250 (female) -$100 (male)
Low cull rates allow breeders to save on the cost of raising all heifers born = +$2000.
Low cull rates means selling excess heifers (3-24 months @ +$400 to +$2000.)
When you do the math on all of these factors, it is not hard to see how is possible to run up lost revenue and added costs that total $500 to $1000 per cow. That’s too large a number, when you consider that a cow producing 25,000lbs. of $20 cwt milk generates $5,000 in revenue per year. Quite simply, the math tells us that breeding to avoid culling should be a consideration in every herd’s breeding plan (Read more: What’s the plan?)
Sire Selection Steps to Minimize Culling
The goal is to maximize genetic progress, maximize profit and minimize (unreasoned) culling. The Bullvine recommends the following process for selecting sires.
Consider only the top fifty proven or one hundred genomically evaluated sires based on gTPI, gLPI, NM$ or JPI (Jersey).
Remove from the list any sire above 9% EFI (Effective Future Inbreeding) or above 14% for relationship.
Remove from the list any Holstein sire that does not have a PL of 5.0 or HL of 108.
Remove from the list any Holstein sire that does not have a DPR of 1.0 or a DF of 105.
Remove from the list any Holstein sire that is not below 2.90 for SCS.
For Jersey sires the minimums should be PL 1.5, HL 105, DPR 0.0 or DF 102. And maximum of 3.00 for SCS.
Minimum standards for gTPI, gLPI, NM$ or JPI may be lowered for polled bulls but do not lower the minimums for Pl, DPR or SCS.
As Red and RC Holstein Sires are mainly popular with show type breeders and their proofs are considerably lower, the Bullvine does not recommend that commercially focused breeders use those sires.
What`s Your Culling Blindspot?
Any discussion of culling has to consider those breeders who don’t cull enough. Sometimes the situation arises where a breeder is most proud of the fact that it is rarely necessary to buy new animals. The pride is in being self-sustaining. This is all well and good as long as it doesn’t mean that you’re breeding the same problem over and over. For want of a low culling rate the good of the entire herd could be lost. There is no future in that.
Which brings us to the opposite problem with culling numbers. Occasionally you will meet a breeder who reports a high (35% or more) culling rate and it’s hard not to be shocked. However, we must always ask the second question, “Why?” It’s the rationale behind the culling. For example, if the high rate is because the breeder is always looking to raise only the animals that are going to live up to their genetic potential and not invest time and money in the rest, that is a plan. That could mean that more heifers don’t make it through their first lactation. The culling number is a tool – not good or bad on its own. However, it can’t be ignored and it must work for the goals of each individual dairy operation.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Culling is a cost that must be minimized for breeders to maximize their net returns per cow per year. The traits associated with reproduction, udder health and feet & legs need to receive much more consideration than has been occurring in the past. Know what your herd needs from both a genetic and a management standpoint. Align your corrective mating to proactively impact your culling rates. Although the heritabilities for culling rates are low, it is surprising how much you can improve them in five years. If you don’t consider them, in those same five years could place yourself out of the market, when it comes to selling breeding stock or embryos. Cull cows and lost money. It`s up to you to make the connection.
“She’s pregnant!” Those are very welcome words for breeders to hear at pregnancy check time. The ideal is that the pregnancy occurs after one A.I. service in the time period 70 to 100 days in milk, while the cow is producing high volumes of milk, fat and protein. In a perfect world that single A.I. heifer service should occur between 12 and 14 months of age. Getting to that success depends on many factors, not the least of which is the skill of the inseminator.
Do What you Know or Use a Pro?
It takes a wide range of skills to successfully run a dairy operation at a level that is both sustainable and profitable. Professional A.I. technicians recognize that many breeders rise to the challenge of taking on this most vital aspect of their dairy business. They realize that many breeders want complete control of the reproduction program on their farm. Dr. Hernando Lopez, Global Technical Service Director for Genus ABS acknowledges that control is important and sums up the breeder perspective saying, “They believe that they can inseminate successfully themselves’. Dr. Ray Nebel, Senior Reproductive Specialist for Select Sires, outlines further reasons that breeders give for doing their own artificial insemination. “They want the flexibility of when to breed. They prefer having semen available from several different A.I. organizations in their farm tank and being able to change the mating right up to the last minute”. Of course, both Dr. Lopez and Dr.Nebel are aware that cost is one of the strongest motivating factors in choosing who inseminates the cows.
Times have Changed
Thirty years ago there were many more dairy herds and most of them had less than 50 milking cows. Shorter travel distances and labor costs per cow bred by the technician were much lower than today. In that scenario, with only two or three breedings per week, breeders could not become proficient at inseminating. However, with the current average herd size in the US being 187 milking cows, with many miles between herds and with breeders focused on costs, they often choose D.I.Y. artificial insemination for expedience and cost reasons.
Is D.I.Y Really Cheaper?
The monthly bill for technician supplied A.I. needs to subdivided into semen costs and costs for technician services. It’s easy to quote the professional technician’s bill for arm service but expenses must also be pencilled in for the D.I.Y. tech on the farm and for all the costs leading up to the actual insemination.
Remember there is a labor cost for heat detection, including the checking of cows bred 21 days previously. There are additional time related expenses as well. Time to check computer records or activity monitors. Time to check with all staff members for heats others may have seen. Time to call in for service and time to enter breeding information into the herd records. Furthermore for on-farm staff there are costs associated with social security tax, insurance, workers compensation, sick time and other benefits that owners must provide. These time and employment costs are not usually quickly remembered and easily quoted when we sum up the costs of getting cows and heifers in calf. Add in gloves, rods, training and re-training, semen tank purchase and semen tank maintenance and you are getting closer to the true total cost for A.I. Although, at first glance, D.I.Y. seems cost effective and faster, the real question in every dairy manager’s mind should be, “What is the return on the investment?”
Think about it. In a herd of 200 milking cows, it may take a farm employee up to half their time to monitor animals and carry out other aspects of the herd’s reproduction. Some owners take the next step and assign the farm’s repro staff member to the job of doing the breeding. On the surface it sounds like a cost savings but who covers on days-off? What happens when the farm breeding person is needed elsewhere and he/she does not do all the daily reproduction duties including checking for heats? Only seeing 70% of the heats can soon become a major negative factor for the farm’s bottom line. Missed heats result in more days open, lower daily herd average milk production, more non-productive days in the dry pens and an age at first calving of 26 instead of 22-24 months. Add to this the fact that the on-farm inseminator must be trained and monitored and will need to spend time on skills upgrading and, very quickly, the savings from do-it-yourself insemination are rapidly disappearing.
A.I. Results: Are You Getting Professional or Passable?
Of course, if your pregnancy rate is 23+% and you are meeting or exceeding all your established targets, you can stop reading now. However, if your results are not at that level, working with a professional technician could be a discerning business decision for you to consider.
Times have changed from when the only service offered by the technician was insemination. Today organizations providing A.I. tech services wish to provide their customers with a full range of services. Both Lopez and Nebel emphasize that the professional technician becomes part of the on-farm production team, where the goal is to achieve a high pregnancy rate as part of a complete reproduction program.
Dr. Nebel notes that “Herds have gotten bigger, days on the farm have become more demanding, milk per cow has increased and more cows are housed in confinement than they were twenty years ago. These are all challenges when it comes to getting cattle pregnant.” Dr. Lopez also outlines how change is affecting dairy breeding. “Today there is more focus on cow welfare, cow comfort, the successful integration of reproductive technologies like synchronization and heat detection aids and the handling and compliance for large groups of cows. Today successful breeding goes beyond the proper insemination technique. It requires all aspects of dairy management to be correctly working and their needs to be great teamwork.” When breeders work with profession A.I. companies they have access to complete reproduction services including: full cow side services including, walk, chalk, synchronization and insemination’ data entry into herd management software including report generation; management of automated activity and heat detection systems and reproductive consultation.
With all of this potential information and support, one wonders why more breeders not asking for competitive bids from companies that provided genetic and reproductive services to dairy farms.
When it comes to pregnancy rate, whether you are your own professional or hire a professional, you can’t afford less than professional results.
Jack of All Trades or Master of Pregnancy?
Professional technicians employed by A.I. companies breed between 5,000 and 20,000 animals per year. They are continually being monitored for their performance. As new techniques become available they receive training. Their only focus is on getting animals pregnant. Their livelihood depends of delivering top notch service. Dr. Lopez provides this very sound advice: “Most operations can economically benefit from outsourcing breeding or a total reproductive service to a professional technician not only because of the superior consistent results but also due to all the technical support and resources producers have access to through the professional breeding services”.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Every aspect of dairy farming needs to be penciled out as to cost and return on investment. Every breeder has an area of dairy farming that they like best and do to a professional level. In the end, A.I. breeding is all about fewer breedings, less semen used, more pregnancies, fewer reproductive culls and the best use of time and services. There is too much at stake to be a jack of all insemination trades and master of none.
Breeders need to be totally objective about every step from heat detection to confirmed conception. If you agree that insemination is all about the results, then ask yourself two questions, “How important is an excellent A.I. program?” and “Who performs artificial insemination best?”
Dairy cattle breeders talk about attempting to keep the level of inbreeding within check in their herds. Poultry, swine and corn breeders talk in terms of inbreeding and producing lines and then crossing the inbred lines to produce the birds, piglets and seeds that are used for commercial production. In beef, breeds have been developed for their specialities and then breeds are crossed to produce the commercial animals. The challenge currently being faced by Holstein breeders is that once again the level of inbreeding is creeping up and that has the potential to be a limiting factor when it comes to on-farm profit. Let’s look at where the level of inbreeding is at and how breeders might address that.
Current Inbreeding Levels
Dr. Filippo Miglior, Canadian Dairy Network, presenting at the February 2014 Advancing Dairy Cattle Genetics Workshop held in Phoenix Arizona, reported of the state on inbreeding in Holsteins born between 1982 and 2012..
It should be concerning to breeders that over the most recent time period, 2007 to 2012, that the Inbreeding Coefficients for Holsteins everywhere, North America and Global, increased at the rate of 0.36% and 0.33% per year respectively. These levels are the highest in modern Holstein breeding history. Levels four to almost seven times large in 2012 compared to 1982 should be a wake-up call for our industry. The inbreeding levels from 1987 to 1997 were a concern back then when only a few sires were being used to produce sons for A.I. progeny testing programs. Breeders and A.I. took the warnings seriously and increased the number and diversity of sires of sons entering A.I.
What Has Been Happening?
There are a number of factors that need consideration.
Limited Number of Bloodlines – Where once the bloodlines often had country or regional focus, Holstein breeding has gone global with only a few total merit indexes in use and TPI dominating. Diverse breeding resulting from the environmental situation or the cheese produced has disminished.
The number of different bloodlines used by A.I. companies has been greatly reduced. The table below is a global report on the Top 20 Sires of Sons since 1986. Half of these sires were born and used prior 2000. However recent sires like Man-O-Man, Planet, Shottle and Superstition are in the top ten. Only one of these sires, Shottle, was first proven outside North America but his pedigree was from North America. The end result is that this extreme use of a limited number of sires of A.I. sons has contributed to the increased inbreeding in the past 25 years.
Rapid Genetic Progress – The significant increases in inbreeding comes about as a result of the very significant increase in the past decade in the genetic merit of the Holstein breed. The following graph produced by USDA shows the change in the annual rate of genetic improvement for Net Merit. This change was a result of intense selection and increased accuracy using genomic information. However the fallout from that is the greatly increased inbreeding that we have now.
Adjusting Indexes for Inbreeding – USDA/CDCB has produced reports on adjusting US production indexes for level of inbreeding. There is much more work to be done on the effects of inbreeding beyond milk production. The truth is that it will take a long time to determine adjustments for traits relating to health and fertility. Note that the field observations for those areas are likely only available in the Nordic countries.
Limited Number of Sires of Sons – The two graphs below show just how short the list of sires of sons has become during. Having only 16 to 19 sires producing 50% of the young sires entering A.I. was great for genetic gain but for inbreeding it was a recipe for major problems. Even in 2011 there was still too much focus on too few sires of sons when only 32 produced half the young bulls entering A.I.
Focus is on Top Genomic Animals –Breeders should be concerned about inbreeding with the extreme focus on only the very top young heifers and bulls. This has also put downward pressure on animal values for high indexing animals that are just outside the top group. Genetic gain for production and type could be almost as good if there was increased selection pressure for other economically important traits. Remember that the very top heifers are full sisters to the young bulls entering A.I. Where is the genetic diversity in that?
Inbreeding of Sire List Toppers –The Bullvine has studied the Expected Future Inbreeding (EFI) for the top forty Net Merit Dollars ($NM) sires on both the Holstein USA Dec ’13 proven and genomic sire lists. Each 1 percent increase in EFI reduces milk proofs by 65.3 pounds. The published proof on a bull with an EFI of 4 per cent would be reduced by 261 pounds (4 X 65.3 = 261). The top 40 proven $NM sires have an average EFI 6.4, the genomic test sires also had an average EFI of 6.4 (Note: Had to be active with NAAB). Sires with O-Man blood all have high EFI’s due to O-Man’s extensive use as a sire of sons. Interesting to note that while both the top proven sires and genomic test sires average the same, this is a far greater range in the proven sires, the lowest proven sire in the top 40, Twist, has an EFI of 5.5, and the highest EFI proven sire in the top 40, Manifold, has an EFI of 7. In the genomic test sires, the lowest EFI, (Rubicon, Mr Max and Magoo all tied at 6), and the highest EFI belongs to Dozer at 6.7.
Breeders looking for the sires with the lowest expected future inbreeding should look up:
Proven Sires
Erdman – Kings-Ransom Erdman Cri-ET – 01HO09800
Twist – Clear-Echo Nifty Twist-ET – 029HO14335
AltaNetworth – Bomaz AltaNetworth-ET – 011HO10767
Dorcy – Coyne-Farms Dorcy-ET – 029HO14142
Genomic Test Sires
Rubicon – Edg Rubicon-ET 151HO00681
Mr Max – Bomaz Mr Max-ET – 151HO00675
Magoo – Bomaz Magoo-ET – 151HO00677
Troy – River-Bridge Co-Op Troy-ET – 001HO11056
Polled not likely to help lower Inbreeding – With more breeders breeding for polled animals, some of us may have thought there could be genetic diversity brought into Holsteins by this route. Well that just isn’t so. What is happening is that the same all too frequently used sires in horned are showing up as the sires or maternal grandsires in polled. The only outcrosses in the polled young sire pedigrees are the generation of sires or dams that introduced the polled gene.
What Needs to Happen?
The Bullvine offers the following ideas for how to make progress to reducing or at least holding the inbreeding levels.
Calculate Inbreeding Levels for Every Calf –Remember that it is the inbreeding level for the calf that is to be born that needs to be watched. To achieve a reduction in inbreeding, the sire and dam should not be closely related. A good example where the breeder did his homework is Crackholm Fever, 6.35% inbred. His parents are more inbred than he is but they are from quite different lineage. His sire Goldwyn (James x Storm x Aerostar) is 15.17% inbreed while his dam Fashion (Blitz x Mattie G x Rudolph) is 8.17% inbred. Inbreeding can be managed. Most sire mating services have incorporated the minimization of inbreeding into their programs.
New Total Merit Indexes – At the present time total merit indexes in the United States (TPI and NM$) and Canada (LPI) are under review for updating to include additional economically important heritable traits for which data is captured. Breeders need to have input into the further development of those indexes. Once those indexes are revised, new males and females will come onto the elite lists. Those animals are likely to bring forward the opportunity for breeders to use them to both generate more on-farm profit and to reduce inbreeding.
Develop Lines within Holsteins – A.I. companies have already started to develop lines that place emphasis on traits like health and fertility. No doubt lines will be developed for feed efficiency, once more is known about it. Having such lines available will give breeders the opportunity to specialize the families on their farms or to cross lines to end up with less inbred animals. It could make for the best of both worlds – for the breeders and for the A.I.
More Study of the Genome – As more and more animals are genomically tested there will be more accuracy to genomic results. But it does not end there. By studying each animal’s genome, it will be possible to know the exact level of inbreeding instead of what is currently done, which is only an estimation based on parentage. This will provide for yet another way to help tackle the inbreeding issue. Definitely genomically testing all heifers in a herd will, in the future, have a multitude of benefits for breeders (Read more: Herd Health, Management, Genetics and Pilot Projects: A Closer Look at ZOETIS)
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Holstein breeders and the breed cannot afford to fiddle while Rome burns when it comes to inbreeding. It is time to take action to reduce inbreeding levels. It does require collective action by the breed, on behalf of breeders and A.I. companies. It is not too late to act. The time for procrastination has past.
Over the past few years the management and genetic sides of the dairy cattle industry have been handed a huge data opportunity. One example comes from Lely who report that their robotic system can capture more than 120 different values per cow per day. Sounds excessive doesn’t it? For some breeders that number is beyond comprehension. However, before offering a final assessment on volume of data, let’s dig deeper.
Dairy farm operators know very well the challenges resulting from high feed cost and narrow margins. But they do not have the numbers to get down to the exact profit at each individual cow level. Do they breed Bessie back? If so what should she be breed to improve her? Or is she the next cow to be culled based on revenue generated less expenses? The challenge has been that managing Bessie has always been in hindsight and what is needed is real time management of her situation. Add to that the fact that wages and labor laws in many developed countries are causing breeders to rethink the degree of automation to apply to their operations. Many sensors already exist for measuring and monitoring cows and many are in the process of coming to market. It all comes down to having the numbers to manage, breed, feed and farm. There are many management considerations that discerning breeders should reflect on as they plan for future success in the dairy cattle industry.
Eight Numbers for Better Cow Management Decisions
Animal Weight– Ways of capturing a cow’s weight available many more factors can be added to what is known on an individual cow basis. Factors like feed intake, loosing or gaining weight and individual cow profit per day for the past week come quickly to mind. These sensors also allow for monitoring of negative energy balance determined by body weight changes and milk solid ratios.
Rumination– Having a healthy rumen is paramount to having a productive profitable dairy cow. Since it is not possible to determine DMI (Dry Matter Intake) on an individual cow basis, rumen activity sensors are used to endure that a cow’s digestive system is functioning well. The sensors also allow for consistent monitoring of feed delivery to ensure feed truck operators are doing their job.
Components / Milk Quality – Many on-farm systems can now capture fat %, protein %, lactose %, milking time, SCC, Conductivity and color of the milk at every milking (SCC is not equal to conductivity and color of the milk indicates mastitis alerts as well). These numbers and some of the relationships one to another give important information on both a daily and lactation basis. Knowing about problems immediately is by far the best way to address them. Wouldn’t all breeders like to be able to know about a pending SCC spike and address it immediately?
Temperature– is captured as either milk temperature or can be electronically read from a device such as a bolus in the rumen. The milk temperature is taken 2 – 4 times per day and is a start. However having an internal device provides for real time cow management. The obvious use of temperature changes is general cow health throughout lactation in order to detect differences from normal. Knowing a cow’s temperature after calving has been found to be very useful in getting her off to the right start. New to management tools could be monitoring a cow’s temperature, hour by hour, during her heat period. Breeding at exactly the right time is being studied and preliminary results are showing greatly increased pregnancy rates when body temperature is considered. Think how beneficial it would be to have a 65% conception rate instead of a 35-40% rate.
Heat Detection– In addition to the idea, just mentioned, of breeding by temperature during heat, there are many systems working successfully that record cow movement and thus signal to breeders that a cow is more active and should be closely observed for being in heat. Yet another device is one that measures hormone levels signalling an on-coming heat (Read more: Better Decision Making by Using Technology). Just think of the savings in labor, drugs, vet costs, semen, extra days spent in dry pens and days of lower milk production at the end of lactation if conception rates could be 70% or higher in cows and 85% or higher in heifers.
Milk Yield Every Milking – On a milking to milking basis nothing is more important than to know if a cow has produced to the expected level. All automated milking systems can do that and so breeders with those systems have a very important tool at their disposal. Cows falling below expectation are highlighted for attention by the herdsman either immediately or on a list that can be reviewed at any time.
Listings – Every automated system is capable of generating lists and graphs from the data captured. When a breeder first gets an automated system, they use the lists to find the problems or underperforming cows. However after a time breeders also find the reports to be very beneficial for setting goals for their cows and herd. A list can be as simple as knowing which cows, in a robotic herd, have not been milked. Or are they sick or lame? No matter what, the herdsman has a reason to find the cow and investigate. Breeders not only benefit from knowing what goes on in their own herd but the equipment providers are able to use the data from across herds in establishing benchmarks. And it is not only the breeder that benefits, his veterinarian and feed advisor now have information that they can use to make better recommendations.
Heifers – The heifer herd is the forgotten part of the dairy herd (Read more: Should you be raising your own heifers?). Automated calf feeding systems are now being used successfully. Many of the devices mentioned above, for cows, can be used for heifers as well. Just think of what the saving would be if age at first calving could be reduced by 3-4 months, $400 saved per heifer raised amounts to $20,000 savings per year in a 100 cow herd.
Numbers to Breed Better Cows
Having better management tools is only 50% of the success equation. The other half is breeding better cows. The data that would separate the best from the rest is a long and growing list.
Milk Yield Every Milking – The most accurate lactation production is when a weight from every milking is known. By having a weight captured at every milking, a genetic index could be calculated for a bull’s daughters peak production and persistency of production. Knowing such details may in fact help breeders determine the performance pattern that they want from their cows.
Components / Milk Quality – Here as well, having more observations will increase the accuracy of genetic indexes in order to breed cows that produce the milk that processors and consumers demand.
Milking Speed – The current genetic indexes are calculated using breeder assigned subjective rating. Fast, average or slow. Automated milking systems are now capable of capturing milking times. As more herds move to automated systems it will be possible to know if a bull’s daughters take 30 seconds less or 30 second more to milk. Time to milk determines the number of cows per robot or the size of the parlor. Milking speed is not consistent throughout the life of a cow and has variations even in the lactation. More over the robot gives an honest measurement which is not affected by the fear of the cow for the milking appraiser.
Adaptability / Temperament– Breeder know that not all cows are equal when it comes to be handled, milked and cared for. Using data from automated systems it will, in the future, be possible to produce genetic ratings for how bull’s daughters work within automated systems, their temperament, and other factors that breeders see as being necessary.
Reproduction / Fertility– Currently the data we have on cows, bulls and embryos are stored on many different databases. Bringing that information to a linked data system, studying it and then developing genetic bull rankings could well be a significant development when it comes to increasing the reproductive performance of dairy cattle.
Feed Efficiency – One of the most read articles that The Bullvine routinely produces is the one listing sires that will produce the most feed efficient cows (Read more: Feed Efficiency: The Money Saver and 50 Sires that will Produce Feed Efficient Cows ). Bullvine readers want to have genetic evaluations for feed efficiency. For some Bullvine readers sire rankings cannot come too quickly. Research is currently underway to determine the relationship between feed efficiency and other genetic indexes. However if feed intake data could come from automated on-farm systems it would be a big step forward.
Lameness / Mobility – On a herd and industry basis, mobility issues are a big financial drain due to animal cull, lost production and added costs. Breeders know that cows that avoid lameness, that are able to easily get to the feed bunk or pasture and that spend the majority of their time resting, are the kind of cows that make the most profit. With more complete data from automated systems and with perhaps additional sensors it will someday be possible to have genetic indexes for mobility.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The definitive statement, when it comes to information and data on dairy farms, is that we have currently only scratched the surface. Definitely much more data from automated on-farm systems will soon be available for breeders to use to operate their dairy enterprises and to select their sires. Decisions made by dealing with the exceptions or past performance are old concepts. What is needed is more condensed and focused information and data to manage with on a real time basis. More data from automated data capture systems can and will make this a better industry. Let’s welcome in the future.
During this past week many of my Facebook friends have been debating on whether a third generation Excellent cow with good milk production should she be used as an ET recipient or should she be bred to produce her own calf (Discussion Part 1 – Part 2). The debate started when one friend shared the picture of his Excellent cow with her latest calf – an IVF heifer from young highly rated genomically evaluated parents. Opinions weighed in from all points of view, each participant stating emphatically why their position was the one that was most correct. The majority said that, if it were their cow, they would breed her to produce her own calf. Well as I see it – that should depend on your herd’s genetic plan and how you define profitable.
Tradition Is Shifting
For quite some time, Excellent cows were few and far between. In Canada 0.2% were Excellent and in the USA it was about 1.0% Excellent. Because of scarcity, daughters from Excellent cows would bring a very good price in leading sales. Sons, if by the right sire, were often of interest to A.I. for entry into young sire proving programs. Therefore if you owned an Excellent cow you owned a revenue generator.
Forty years ago the focus in breeding was the long lived Excellent cow with good lifetime milk production. Then the focus shifted to first or second lactation high scoring (minimum VG85), high producing and high indexing cows from respected cow families. With genomic evaluations coming on the breeding scene, high genomically evaluated heifers, three to twelve months of age, are now the sought after group. This change in focus to a 65+% reliable high indexing heifers has created a divide in breeder thinking and breeding goals. (Read more: Is Type Classification Still Important? And Is Good Plus Good Enough?)
Take Your Pick
Today some breeders long for a return to the days when Excellent or 1st prize at a major show was all you needed to know about a cow. Other breeders are uncertain as to what they should be breeding for. Others simply state that they want cows that are less prone to being culled than in the past. Others have incorporated production and type genomic evaluations into their breeding programs. And still others are thinking in terms of using total selection indexes that put significant emphasis on health, immunity, fertility, labor efficiency and feed efficiency. (Read more: The Truth About Type and Longevity and RF Goldwyn Hailey: Cash Cow or Cash Hog?)
Reality Check
The fact is that we now live in a new era for dairy cattle breeding.
Let’s look at some 2014 realities for Holstein breeders that did not exist in 2000:
Producers are in need of ways to reduce feed costs. Feed is the #1 on-farm cost at 50-60%. Making better use of the rumen to process forages is in vogue. (Read more: 50 Sires that will Produce Feed Efficient Cows)
Producers are looking for ways to automate. The cost of labor, the number two on-farm cost, has increased greatly. Breeder want cows that work well with machines and which require minimal extra hands on care.(Read more: Does Your Breeding Program Save You Labor?)
Many herds are not rearing as many or any heifers at all. The cost of rearig herd replacements is the third highest on-farm expense (Read more: Should you be raising your own heifers?). In 2014 it costs more to raise an average replacement heifer ($2200) than she will bring at a sale after she calves ($1800).
Producers are well aware that large cows cost more to grow and maintain and do not function as well in group environments as medium sized cows do (Read more: Does Size Matter?).
Foreign buyers are not flocking to North America to buy heifers. Animal transport costs are high and health testing is costly and restrictive. Only embryos from the top animals routinely bring the top dollars ($1000 to $4,000).
Dr. Paul VanRaden, USDA-AIPL, has laid out the challenge for breeders in the future. He identified that today the best animal has a Net Merit of $1009 but knowing what we currently know about the genome, the best animal could have a Net Merit of $7515. (Read more: The Genetic “SUPER COW” – Myth vs Reality)
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Technological advancements make breeding more profitable Holsteins a reality for future breeders. Conformational correctness will be only a fraction of what we need to know about a cow relative to profitability. For the breeder of the cow in the Facebook discussion, profitability included milk in the tank while producing a calf of high genetic worth. Excellent did not matter. We cannot ignore the realities relative to consumer demands, business management and genetic improvement. If we ignore them, we do so at our own peril.
For almost sixty years dairy cattle breeders have relied on daughter proven sires to drive the industry forward. There was a time when over 70% of the genetic advancement depended on knowing which sires left the best daughters and using them extensively. However that era is fast coming to a close. The Bullvine sees changes in the not too distant future for both breeders and breeding companies, all of whom have built their business and breeding models around the daughter proven sire.
A Quick Look at History
Before the 1950’s unproven sires were the norm. Yes some of them may have had some limited daughter information but it was most often in a single herd and was actually just phenotypic observations (i.e. 12,500 lbs milk, 3.8%F, 5 VG & 10 GP daughters). A.I. was primarily a tool to get cows in calf without having to feed and handle a mature bull. Truth is that genetic progress, at that time, was only slightly above zero. From the 1970’s onwards considerable progress was made, based on the use of proven sires. During that time breeders and breeding companies were more selective in which young sires were sampled, more herds were milk recorded and type classified, genetic evaluations used B.L.U.P. technologies (i.e. +1100 lbs milk, +0.25%F, PTAT +2.24) and high ranking total merit proven sires got extensive use.
New Technologies Will Turn the Tide
Now let’s deal with how new technologies will change the timing and accuracy of genetic decision making. Simply put ‘time waits for no one’ and ‘the future is in the hands of those that search out the new, decide and apply the best of the new”. That applies to all areas of dairy farming but just now let’s stick to the genetic component. Let’s focus on why daughter proven sires will become a thing of the past
Accurate and More Accurate
To date genomic genetic evaluation has resulted in a doubling of the accuracy of indexes for young animals. It will not stop there. With refined knowledge in the genome we can expect production indexes on young animals to go from 65-70% REL. to as high as 85-90%. in the next five years. As well with more on-farm data being captured and collected in Genetic Evaluation Centers we can expect the REL for productive life, type, health and fertility traits to approach 70-80%. Part of the increase in REL, from their current 50-65%, will come from more accurate field data and part from in-depth study of the genome. The end result will be that if total merit is known with 85% REL for young animals, then daughter proven bulls and older brood cows will not be used as the parents of the next generation. In short the pace of the trend of using younger and younger animals as the parents of the next generation will speed up even more.
Sexing Technology
Dairy cattle breeders are hearing that genomics is the biggest advancement in genetic improvement since the introduction of the proven sire. Recent information on what’s ahead in sexing technology is on the brink of speeding up the rate of genetic gain. (Read more: Sexed Semen from Cool Technology to Smart Business Decision and SEXED SEMEN – At Your Service!) That does not even factor in epigenomics and nutrigenomics will hold out significant promise. (Read more: Forget Genomics – Epigenomics & Nutrigenomics are the Future) Proactive breeders will need to stay tuned to what’s ahead and be ready to adapt the breeding plans. (Read more: What’s the Plan?)
We know that young bulls do not produce large volumes of sperm per ejaculation as mature bulls do, so we’ll need to collect from extra young bulls but there will come a day when all young bull semen will be sexed. Having more young bulls being used will help to counteract inbreeding.
The changes could well go much further than that. How much sexed semen will be needed in another fifteen years? It could be that embryo and embryo transfer technology will advance to the stage that, once identified, the very top genetic ten to twelve month old heifers will have many oocytes collected and fertilized in vitro and then implanted into 99% of the females on a farm.
Of course exactly what will happen has yet to play out but we need to be prepared for major advances in the technologies relative to both genetics and reproduction. Regardless the use of daughter proven sires will be a thing of the past.
Maximum of 50,000 Doses Only
In the past superior proven bulls have remained active and in use well past ten years of age. They have produced, on average, 130,000 – 140,000 doses per year. In some cases they have sold more than one million doses of semen in their lifetime. Although profitable for their owners this extensive use has contributed to inbreeding and narrowing of the genetic base. The question that has always been asked ‘what do we do about too much Blackstar, Valiant or more recently Oman and Planet?’. We will not need to have that concern in the future as genetic progress will be so quick that the maximum a sire will get used in his lifetime is 50,000 doses. That does however change the value that any one sire will have. The industry savings on feed and maintenance costs beyond collecting 50,000, likely sexed, doses is significant considering the thousands of bulls that have been annually sampled around the world in the past.
It could be that 50,000 is far too high a number of doses. Take the case of Kulp-Dale Golden PP Red. (Read more: $10,000 a dose Polled Semen and The 24 Polled Bulls Every Breeder Should Be Using To Accelerate the Genetic Gain in Their Herd) Five doses and $50,000 may be the numbers that will be attached to his contribution to changing the Holstein breed from horned to polled. Another factor to think about is that high genomically evaluated young sires are often used exclusively by breeding companies before general release and, when released, are priced at $200 to $1000 per dose. However after a few months their semen price is dropped to the $40 – $60 range. By the time they have been on the market for a year they are often down to less than $20. Why? Because their time of demand has passed. If the sire is no longer a list topper for at least one important trait he is history.
Alternatives Exist
A couple of months ago The Bullvine wrote about using all natural sires in a herd. (Read more: Natural Breeding – Could It Work For You?) These sires can quite easily have high genomic indexes. Think about it. A breeder focused on producing milk saving on labor to heat detect and inseminate his cows and heifers. Perhaps 10% of a herd’s labor cost could be saved. With robotic technology advancing quickly it could well be that the safety factor for workers by having yearling and two year old bulls around the farm may be minimized as there will be fewer workers to be exposed to the bulls. Definitely the need for daughter proven A.I. sires would be zero.
Are We Ready?
The pace of change is fast and will become faster. In a few years it could be that the only need for daughter proven sire information will be to check the accuracy of genomic indexes or to develop the formulae for indexing for new traits that breeders wish to include in their breeding programs. It could well be that breeders are more ready for the future than are some breeding co-ops and companies that have built their business model on having the vast majority of their revenue coming from daughter proven bulls. Having said that, progressive breeding companies are taking steps to control their costs and to specialize their product lines, including owning high ranking females. Daughter proven bulls will not be the focal point for those companies.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Having moved to daughter proven sires for accuracy and selection intensity reasons, we can now expect to see a move away from those sires for the reasons of speed of turning of generations and of having very accurate knowledge at the gene level. Anyone doubting these changes needs only to look at male selection in the plant, fish, poultry and pig industries. The downside for bull breeders is that their bulls will have less value. The upside for all other breeders is that they can continue to make rapid progress in breeding profitable healthy cows. Daughter proven sires were a major force in getting us to where we are but they will now be replaced by more advanced technology.
Zoetis is a global animal health company with 60 years of experience. Zoetis, formerly Pfizer Animal Health, was a business unit within Pfizer Inc. On February 1, 2013, Zoetis became a stand-alone animal health company. Zoetis is a publicly traded company on the NYSE.
When DNA profiling in herds, the program at Zoetis is to get dairy producers to focus on genotyping the entire heifer group. This allows breeders to make selection and management decisions, before investing the full cost of raising each heifer. Depending on where breeders are located, the cost of raising a heifer ranges from $2000 to $3500 (Read more: Should you be raising your own heifers?) By testing animals at a young age, breeders can decide if they want to sell the heifer, breed her to a beef sire, use her as an embryo recipient or consider flushing her. It’s about making accurate choices and, ultimately, profit.
Which Benefit Category Works for YOU?
Do you have an excess of heifers?
DNA profiling means you can manage your heifer inventory more precisely and invest your rearing budget in the heifers that you need to keep. Keeping control of the heifer inventory also has an indirect health benefit. Reduced numbers prevents heifer facilities from being overcrowded. A less stressful environment reduces calfhood and heifer diseases. Remember that heifer rearing is the third largest on-farm cost after labor and feed.
Do you use sexed semen? This higher priced tool can be best applied to the top 50% of heifers based on their genetic merit. Doing so is a significant step toward elevating the genetic potential of the next generation of heifers in your herd.
Is your herd unregistered?
You have the most to benefit from genomic testing because you will be going from zero genetic information to more genetic information than you could ever get from simply registering your animals. Now you can make better selection and mating decisions.
Is profitability your first priority? The top priority profitability traits for most herds are selection for milk components, with the remaining emphasis on traits that contribute to longer herd life (SCS, DF, HL, F/L and mammary). LPI is a great index to use as a first sort in selecting the most profitable animals.
Analysis. Assessment. Action.
Zoetis has developed the “CLARIFIDE” program. Veterinarians are trained in understanding the basics of genomics and how this information can be integrated as part of the herd’s management program. There are over 100 veterinarians across Canada that have been given the designation of “CLARIFIDE Accredited Veterinarian”. Many of them underwent a multi-day training program taught by representatives from Zoetis, CDN, Holstein Canada and Semex. Today, if a local vet has not been trained through the CLARIFIDE program, but they have a client that is interested in submitting through CLARIFIDE, Zoetis will conduct training with these vets either in person or on-line.” Dr. Melodie Chan, Zoetis Business Lead and Manager Veterinary Services, concludes. “With access to this information, breeders are able to allocate their resources more effectively. As genomic research progresses, we may even be able to consider health protocols to match each animals’ potential to respond – such as response to vaccination.”
Clarifying Genetic Potential
The goal of every dairy breeder is to identify and act upon the genetic potential of their dairy animals. “Through the CLARIFIDE program, Zoetis has worked closely with its Alliance partners.” says Dr. Chan, who outlines the benefits and potential. “By working closely with CDN, Holstein Canada and Semex, the CLARIFIDE genomic consulting program offered through Zoetis provides a truly Canadian perspective. Furthermore, this Alliance has also fostered research initiatives and collaborative funding towards projects that ultimately benefit the Canadian dairy industry. In 2012-2013 Zoetis funded genotyping of approximately 2,000 Canadian proven sires so that their offspring could be included in the genome pool. The addition of this genetic information will aid in the predictive value of genomic testing, in particular for Canadian only traits, such as temperament and milking speed.”
Effective May 1, 2012, Zoetis (formerly Pfizer Animal Health) joined the existing alliance between the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN), the Holstein Association of Canada (Holstein Canada), and the Semex Alliance (Semex). Dr. Chan describes the strategy. “The intent of this alliance is to foster a collaborative approach to delivering predictive genetic information to the Canadian dairy industry, to promote female genotyping and to assist Canada’s dairy producers in using genetic information to make sound management decisions and propagate desired traits. “The members of the alliance feel that by engaging in this partnership, breeders ultimately benefit from the combined strengths of each organization.”
Update on Pilot Study Results
Dr. Josh Lindenbach, Warman Saskatchewan, a Clarifide Approved Veterinarian, shared some of the economic analyses that he did with two of the Zoetis pilot-project herds. In both herds, Dr. Lindenbach sorted the animals based on LPI and compared it to kg of BF shipped. “In Herd #1, there was a $960 average gross profit advantage between the top 1/3 and bottom 1/3 of the herd based on LPI (48 animals genotyped). In Herd #2, there was a $1345 average gross profit advantage between animals that had an above average LPI number vs. a below average LPI number.”
THEY’RE TALKING about CLARIFIDE
Zoetis has received the following comments from breeders and vets involved in the CLARIFIDE program:
“This gives us a better way to manage the heifer inventory by knowing which ones to keep, sell or use as recips, and which ones to use sexed semen on.”
“Herd weaknesses were known before but now we find them younger and more accurately“
“We are now buying semen from bulls that address herd weaknesses as identified by genomics”
“More targeted use of sexed semen”
“We have more open discussions of breeding discussions involving both vets and AI reps, sometimes even together!”
“By culling my bottom end heifers, the heifers coming into the milking herd are more solid producing animals. We have higher milk production and have been able to raise the overall health level of our herd.”
“It’s not the top half of my herd that I ever have to worry about – it’s the bottom half. I want to be able to know ahead of time who could potentially cause me problems and be able to manage my heifer inventory appropriately, based on this knowledge.”
ZOETIS and TOP BREEDERS
There have been interesting results from three different groups from the Zoetis field trial as Dr. Chan reports. “Breeders that are in the top 10% ,from a farm management standpoint, who are excellent at raising calves and keeping them alive, have reached a plateau with their production and are looking for the “next thing” that they can improve on to help them become more profitable were the first ones to trust in genomic technology and see its value. Dr. Chan states, “The key is to make sure you have invested fully in your calf raising program to ensure that disease issues are kept to a minimum and calves have doubled their birth weight at 56 days – then you can be assured that these heifers will reach their full genetic potential.” She continues with the benefits for two other groups.”Breeders that are sitting on excess heifers and looking at their expenses were also quick to jump on board. For a group of Hutterite breeders that are limited to the use of natural service bulls only, genomics provided them with an opportunity to push their genetic progress by culling some of the bottom end animals and replacing them with purchased animals that ranked higher on LPI.” Using data that CDN supplied, Dr. Chan in 2012 looked at phenotype vs. genotype. “We took the CDN database as being “one herd” and took the raw data without adjusting for any environmental effects. Despite that, we were still able to show a significant difference in performance, if we used genomics as a predictor for performance.”
The Bullvine Bottom Line
This sounds like every breeder’s dream. It checks off several breeder, service provider and advisor goals. “Now breeders not only know a heifer’s genetic potential early in her life but have the information to find more accurate ways to allocate resources.” Whenever the tools advance dairy breeders` goals and profitability, that’s a win-win for everybody.
On a regular basis The Bullvine produces lists of sires that meet the breeding goals of our readers. Since producing a list of 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cow$ a year ago (Read more: 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows) we have done considerable research into what makes for feed efficient and lifetime profitable cows (Read more: She Ain’t Pretty – She Just Milks That Way!).
What is Efficiency?
Researchers from a number of institutions and countries are jointly studying which cows are the most feed efficient. To date the studies continue and there are not yet definitive answers. In Hoards Dairyman in 2012 University of Illinois Professor Mike Hutjens brought forward a very interesting thought. His reasoning is that cows are fed a wide variety of diets and that it is the income over feed costs (net dollar returns after feed costs) that is the important factor when it comes to herd profit.
In research herds it may be possible to capture feed intakes but at the farm level it is currently not possible. Without feed intakes on a cow by cow basis it will not be possible to rank sires for their daughters’ feed efficiency. So, at least, for the immediate future the most practical thing to do will be to compare diets on their income over feed costs and tocompare sires’ daughters on their ability to: 1) live is group environments; 2) get pregnant; 3) require minimal individual care; and 4) produce high volumes of fat and protein from low SCS milk on the feed they are fed. And, 5) they need to last for four or more lactations.
Bullvine Efficiency Index (BEI)
A year ago The Bullvine developed and published this index based on information from a number of sire listings. It has been very reassuring to see that with further investigation that this index continued to be a very good predictor for sires that will produce cows that will ring the bell when it comes to profit over a lifetime.
BEI = Production (45%) + Durability (30%) + Health & Fertility (25%)
Production = 30 Fat Yield + 50 Protein Yield + 10 Fat % + 10 Protein %
Durability = 17 Herd Life/Productive Life + 42 Mammary/UDC + 25 F&L/FLC – 8 Body Depth – 8 Stature
Milk Yield is not included as it contributes to more udder strain and additional milk volume to be transported or on-farm water removal cost.
The negative weightings on Body Depth and Stature reflect that larger cows require extra feed to grow to that size and to maintain that larger size each and every day compared to cows of more moderate size.
BEI is calculated using CDN’s Custom Index Calculator. An overall sire ranking is not possible using the calculator as it only allows quires for three groupings – Proven Canadian, Proven MACE and Genomically Evaluated Sires. Bulls are ranked for BEI within each list as a percent of the top bull on the list.
Young Sires Currently Being Sampled
Table 1 contains North American sires that are currently being sampled or will be sampled over the next few months.
Name
LPI
Sire
Dam Name
DESU MOGUL 2439-ET
3748
MOGUL
DE-SU 192-ET
LACTOMONT NIKOTA SARGEANT
3682
SARGEANT
JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
DE-SU MOGUL 2458-ET
3664
MOGUL
DE-SU 8947-ET
DA-SO-BURN UNO 781
3631
NUMERO UNO
DA-SO-BURN DORCY BECKA-ET
GILLETTE MOGUL CARREL
3631
MOGUL
GILLETTE IOTA CARMEN
BUSCHUR MOGUL 6512
3623
MOGUL
ROYLANE SOCRA MIRA 1760-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL SHIMMER-ET
3620
MOGUL
TRANQUILLITY AC DREARYS SHOT
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MIRI 8679-ET
3537
SUPERSIRE
S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
S-S-I UNO MATTEA 8445-ET
3528
NUMERO UNO
S-S-I SNOW MALENA 7514-ET
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DAYO-ET
3498
MCCUTCHEN
GOLDEN-OAKS OBSRVR DIXIE-ET
SUMMERLIZ LAYA EPIC
3471
EPIC
SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
DE-SU ODADDY 2471-ET
3468
DADDY
DE-SU 719-ET
WOODCREST MOGUL ANNA-ET
3455
MOGUL
VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE ENRICH-ET
3451
SUPERSIRE
OCD FREDDIE EVERLAST-ET
RAYON D'OR LEXOR ELYANE
3430
LEXOR
WABASH-WAY-I SHOTTLE EMBER
DE-SU MOGUL 2436-ET
3425
MOGUL
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAKIRA-ET
TWIN-SPRUCE CILO
3412
NUMERO UNO
TWIN-SPRUCE DORCY COTTON-ET
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DUCE-ET
3407
MCCUTCHEN
GOLDEN-OAKS OBSRVR DIXIE-ET
WOODCREST MOGUL FRANCE-ET
3387
MOGUL
VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
OCD KRUNCH MASON-ET
3387
KRUNCH
OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
SIEMERS MCCUTCH KIANNA-ET
3383
MCCUTCHEN
LEVASH EXPLODE KIANNA
LACTOMONT LOCASS SARGEANT
3379
SARGEANT
SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2433-ET
3375
MCCUTCHEN
DE-SU 344-ET
DE-SU MOGUL 2413-ET
3372
MOGUL
DE-SU 363-ET
SIEMERS MOGUL REAL-DREAM-ET
3372
MOGUL
CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVER 2283-ET
FARNEAR MCMORMAN MARCIE-ET
3366
MOGUL
FARNEAR MILIE MCMORMANN-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE EMBARK-ET
3365
SUPERSIRE
OCD FREDDIE EVERLAST-ET
LACTOMONT NIKITA SARGEANT
3344
SARGEANT
JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
DE-SU MOGUL 2432-ET
3343
MOGUL
DE-SU 363-ET
S-S-I CLARTA MERYL 8545-ET
3333
CLARTA
S-S-I TWIST MOJO 7326-ET
BOLDI MOGUL ALDA
3313
MOGUL
PARAMOUNT-MB OBSRV AGATE-ET
LOOKOUT RMH MOGUL GRETA
3313
MOGUL
DE-SU 9842-ET
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6894-ET
3312
MOGUL
FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
CITILIMITS MOGUL MAJIC 681
3291
MOGUL
CITILIMITS GARRET MAJIC 562
S-S-I COSMO 68 SOSA 8628-ET
3281
COSMO
AMMON-PEACHY SUPER 7068-ET
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6891-ET
3279
MOGUL
FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
CRACKHOLM LEJEUNE PATRICIA
3272
HUNTER
WELCOME BRONCO PATRON
B-HIDDENHILLS UNO 1882
3270
NUMERO UNO
B-HIDDENHILLS DORCY 1405-ET
DE-SU LITHIUM 2440-ET
3268
LITHIUM
DE-SU 410-ET
3262
NUMERO UNO
WILRA PLANET 946-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE ACE-ET
3258
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN SH FRD A12276-ET
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2462-ET
3254
MCCUTCHEN
DE-SU 730-ET
GEPAQUETTE SARGEANT RAVICHOU
3245
SARGEANT
GEPAQUETTE BOLTON RAVISANTE
CO-OP UNO CLASSY 6895-ET
3243
NUMERO UNO
CO-OP PLANET CLASSY-ET
HET MEER LUCKY SHOT 2990
3234
NUMERO UNO
HET MEER LUCKY SHOT 6
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 414
3232
MOGUL
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 279
SUMMERLIZ LAURYNA EPIC
3231
EPIC
SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
S-S-I OCOSMO MINETTE8657-ET
3227
O-COSMOPOLITAN
S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
S-S-I DONATEL MORIE 8678-ET
3225
DONATELLO
S-S-I BOOK MERAUX 7286-ET
OCD MCCUTCHEN BANKOK-ET
3215
MCCUTCHEN
FARNEAR BROCADE P BRISSA-ET
LACTOMONT NIKOTO SARGEANT
3212
SARGEANT
JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
FAVORITE
3209
MAN-O-MAN
CLARINE
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 411
3207
HUNTER
T-GEN-AC LAYNE RUSSIA-ET
3201
LAYNE
TRANQUILLITY AC DREARYS RUSH
MS EMILY EMERA-ET
3193
DADDY
TRAMILDA-N BAXTER EMILY-ET
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BABA-ET
3189
MCCUTCHEN
HAVILAND OBSERVER BEV-ET
S-S-I OCOSMO KALISA 8646-ET
3186
O-COSMOPOLITAN
S-S-I ROBUST KEYES 7260-ET
S-S-I DEAN MELYNE 8538-ET
3183
DEAN
S-S-I ROBUST MAGIC 7228-ET
SSI EARNHARDT 8651-ET
3177
EARNHARDT P
HENDEL OBSV TRINITY 3274-ET
DE-SU COSMO 2431
3177
COSMO
DE-SU 385-ET
ZIMMERVIEW SUPRSRE BELL-ET
3174
SUPERSIRE
ROCKYPATH-HO MN BARBARA-ET
FUSTEAD EPIC LINDSEY-ET
3174
EPIC
GLEN-TOCTIN BOLT LUCILLE-ET
JHS ALEXIA 49
3171
MOGUL
LM ALEXIA 22
LADIES-FIRST LXOR BANGLE-ET
3171
LEXOR
MAPLEMOUNT BOLTON BUNNY
TSPRUCE MOGUL 7247
3169
MOGUL
MISTY SPRINGS PLANET BRICE
WOODCREST NUM UNO FRENZI-ET
3167
NUMERO UNO
VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
DE-SU ODADDY 2447-ET
3155
DADDY
DE-SU 719-ET
DE-SU MOGUL 2428-ET
3152
MOGUL
DE-SU 8672-ET
S-S-I SPRSIRE SHARA 8547-ET
3148
SUPERSIRE
BOSSIDE SOUL SISTER-ET
BRYHILL ONE SASSY P
3147
NUMERO UNO
VENTURE SHOTTBOLT SIZZLE P
BOFRAN BREWMASTER FABY
3145
BREWMASTER
BOFRAN MAN O MAN FLORALIE
DONNANDALE HUNTER LEONA
3142
HUNTER
DONNANDALE LAUTHORITY LEMON
LACTOMONT BENZ HEFTY
3142
HEFTY
PARKHURST BEACON BALAMA
DESU MOGUL 2216-ET
3136
MOGUL
DE-SU 194-ET
DE-SU SHAN 2455-ET
3132
SHAN
DE-SU 657-ET
RSB ELDORET
3130
EPIC
RSB CANA 799
DE-SU MOGUL 2393-ET
3127
MOGUL
DE-SU 674-ET
S-S-I ANDERSON FAWN 8626-ET
3124
ANDERSON
S-S-I MANO FLOWER 7139-ET
VINBERT UNO MIDGET
3121
NUMERO UNO
VINBERT FREDDIE BRIDGET
WOODCREST MCCUTCHN LINNY-ET
3118
MCCUTCHEN
WOODCREST OBSERVE LUCIA-ET
DE-SU EPIC 2390-ET
3117
EPIC
DE-SU 9990-ET
MS APPLES UNO ARMANA-ET
3114
NUMERO UNO
KHW REGIMENT APPLE-RED-ET
SANDY-VALLEY HDLINR MACY-ET
3112
HEADLINER
BROOKVIEW MYSTERIOUS-ET
S-S-I OCOSMO MIKI 8654-ET
3111
O-COSMOPOLITAN
S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
WOODCREST MCCUTCHEN LEAH-ET
3109
MCCUTCHEN
WOODCREST OBSERVE LUCIA-ET
MAPEL WOOD MOGUL BROOK
3107
MOGUL
MAPEL WOOD MAN O MAN BROOKE
RICKLAND SUPERSIRE 4469-ET
3103
SUPERSIRE
TRAMILDA-N SUPER BELLA-ET
UFM-DUBS ERRCAMAC-ET
3103
MCCUTCHEN
UFM-DUBS ERRCA-ET
SPRUCE-HAVEN MOG MI14330-ET
3099
MOGUL
VISION-GEN SH FRD M12112-ET
S-S-I OFFIE WYANET 8549-ET
3098
OFFIE
S-S-I BOOKEM WILTON 7273-ET
JM VALLEY MOGUL GALAXIE
3097
MOGUL
WELCOME PLANET GRANNY-ET
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 402
3086
HIGHLIGHT
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 279
OCD KRUNCH MASQUERADE-ET
3085
KRUNCH
OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
S-S-I SPRSIRE MISTY 8684-ET
3082
SUPERSIRE
S-S-I SHAMROCK MAGIC7368-ET
OCD KRUNCH MANIFEST-ET
3081
KRUNCH
OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BLANC-ET
3080
MCCUTCHEN
HAVILAND OBSERVER BEV-ET
PONDEROSA FACEBOOK EMILY
3078
FACEBOOK
WILLSBRO EMILYANN ET
BOLDI MOGUL ANGELA
3078
MOGUL
PARAMOUNT-MB OBSRV AGATE-ET
KINGS-RANSOM SHAN FLIRTY
3075
SHAN
KINGS-RANSOM ROS FLITTER-ET
* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire
The ten sires on this list are all very high for efficiency. Their indexes for fat yield, protein yield, SCS, herd life and mammary are high. Breeders looking for a high all around sire should take a look a Rubicon.
Young Sires Recently Sampled
Table 2 contains North American sires that have been sampled and will be proven in 3 years.
Name
Sire
GTPI*
Milk
Fat
Protein
NM$
PL
SCS
DPR
PTAT
FLC
UDC
Owner
State/Ctry
DA-SO-BURN UNO 781
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2643
1440
93
55
951
6.9
2.59
1.8
3.56
3.26
3.3
Darin & Sonya Burnikel
Cresco , IA
EDG CT UNO CINERGY
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2625
1563
110
75
935
5.1
2.6
1.3
3.19
2.71
2.22
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
SEAGULL-BAY SSIRE DEBRA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2604
2217
101
74
942
6
2.64
0.4
3.42
2.29
2.8
Seagull Bay Dairy Inc.
American Falls , ID
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MIRI 8679-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2599
2575
87
78
934
6.2
2.74
0.6
3.16
2.97
2.65
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
T-GEN-AC MOGUL SHIMMER-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2596
1656
109
59
871
4.4
2.64
0.6
3.65
3.04
3.45
Tim Clark
Brownsburg-Chatham , IA
S-S-I OCOSMO KALISA 8646-ET
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
2570
1604
77
65
971
8.1
2.69
1.1
2.83
1.7
3.11
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
S-S-I DEAN MELYNE 8538-ET
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2562
1800
68
64
832
5
2.67
2
3.64
2.78
3.29
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
B-HIDDENHILLS UNO 1882
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2558
1309
70
55
899
7
2.37
0.8
3.42
2.92
3.49
B. P. & L. Brunink
Mc Bain , MI
HY-JO-DE UNO LUCILLE-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2547
2035
80
68
843
5.8
2.58
0.6
3.77
2.5
3.07
Joel F. Gerke
Bangor , WI
MS WELCOME SUPERSIRE TIA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2544
2205
76
65
831
5.5
2.79
1
3.72
2.32
3.45
William H. Peck & Peter C. Vai
Schuylerville , NY
DE-SU MOGUL 2458-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2542
2031
96
69
908
5.7
2.54
-0.3
3.22
2.35
2.87
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
MORMANN SR GINGERBRED
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2533
1848
89
59
913
7.2
2.71
1.3
3.29
2.25
2.5
Jennifer Mormann
Farley , IA
S-S-I UNO MATTEA 8445-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2526
2088
85
75
807
4.8
2.8
1.2
3.46
2.57
2.36
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
MS EMILY EMERA-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2525
1346
86
48
871
6.9
2.58
0.8
3.65
2.85
2.87
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe QC , CA
CO-OP UNO CLASSY 6895-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2523
674
100
44
963
7.5
2.56
2.1
2.82
2.1
2.52
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
SULLHRTFORD NUNO ANA 383-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2519
1613
70
59
817
6.1
2.72
1.7
3.76
2.01
3.13
Robert Eustice & Mike Sullivan
Byron , MN
LACTOMONT NIKOTA SARGEANT
SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET
2509
1422
79
63
816
4.6
2.78
1.7
3.43
3.33
2.56
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe , QC
S-S-I OCOSMO MINNA 8661-ET
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
2508
1053
64
59
821
6.2
2.78
1.5
3.54
2.23
3.29
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
S-S-I COSMO 68 SOSA 8628-ET
TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET
2506
1132
85
53
852
5.8
2.57
1.9
3.26
2.76
2.5
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
BUTZ-HILL MAGICSTAR
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2504
1427
88
62
719
2.7
2.58
-0.4
4.16
3.52
3.23
Mark Butz
Mount Vernon , IA
SIEMERS MOGUL REAL-DREAM-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2503
1509
81
61
885
6
2.57
1.3
2.92
2.54
2.4
Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.
Newton , WI
MORMANN UNO GARLIC
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2501
1285
75
57
828
6.3
2.75
1.5
3.42
3.07
2.58
Jennifer Mormann
Farley , IA
WOODCREST MOGUL PRETTY-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2499
1371
83
57
855
5.5
2.59
0.3
3.27
2.73
3.36
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
OCD KRUNCH MASON-ET
HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET
2498
1675
58
50
890
8.2
2.49
0.9
2.95
2.75
3.41
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
DE-SU COSMO 2431
TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET
2498
1484
65
61
848
6.6
2.5
1.5
2.95
2.58
2.46
Darin Meyer
New Albin , IA
TIGER-LILY UNO LINDSEY-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2481
1237
94
57
901
6.2
2.52
0.5
2.99
1.89
2.64
John R. Marshman
Oxford , NY
SPEEK-NJ MOG SHERYL CROW-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2480
2514
95
72
804
4.3
2.82
-0.2
3.45
2.22
2.77
Neil McDonah
Trempealeau , WI
WELCOME MCCUTCHEN CHASY-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2475
2086
71
71
715
3.7
2.71
-0.1
3.81
2.96
3.03
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST NUM UNO FRENZI-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2474
1275
81
49
772
5.2
2.77
1.4
3.69
2.94
3.21
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
S-S-I DONATEL MORIE 8678-ET
MR OCD ROBUST DONATELLO-ET
2463
1955
79
62
752
4.5
2.77
-0.5
3.83
3.14
3.09
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
CHARTROISE UNO MAURA-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2462
1455
114
62
842
4.6
2.88
0.5
2.8
2.23
2.47
Select Genetics LLC
Manitowoc , WI
TJR DE-DIAMOND 2181-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2459
1862
69
60
813
5.5
2.56
0.2
3.24
2.06
3.18
TJR Genetics
Farley , IA
S-S-I OFFIE WYANET 8549-ET
CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVR OFFIE-ET
2458
1870
59
64
906
8.2
2.68
2.2
2.39
0.76
2.5
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
S-S-I OCOSMO MIKI 8654-ET
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
2455
1619
74
69
782
5.1
2.83
0.2
3.33
1.92
3.13
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
MS WELCOME SUPERSR TANIA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2449
2508
78
73
803
5.1
2.75
1.1
2.68
2.37
1.87
William H. Peck & Peter C. Vai
Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST MOGUL ANNA-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2447
1767
84
63
836
5.3
2.77
0.4
2.76
3.38
2.36
Samuel R Potter
Union Springs , NY
MOUNTFIELD MGL LILY-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2447
1029
86
46
860
6.1
2.51
1.2
2.83
2.37
2.94
Roger & Philip Marshfield
Marcellus , NY
LADYS-MANOR UNO DESIGNER-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2447
1322
97
53
848
6
2.57
-0.3
3.26
2.37
2.76
Ladys Manor LLC
Monkton , MD
MORMANN UNO ARABIA-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2447
1411
89
55
809
5.3
2.78
0.9
3.1
2.75
2.71
Bryhill Farm Inc
Ormstown PQ , IA
DE-SU ODADDY 2471-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2443
1778
102
64
843
5.2
2.64
-0.1
3.28
2.03
2.01
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
OCD SUPERSIRE ENRICH-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2442
2723
99
80
861
5.3
2.94
0.1
2.64
2.01
1.67
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
WILRA UNO 497-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2441
1433
91
54
840
6.7
2.64
0.6
3.17
1.71
2.5
Wilra Farms Inc.
Nashville , IL
EDG RUBY MOGUL ROSE
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2440
1962
106
58
899
6
2.72
-0.2
2.53
2.54
2.25
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
EDG TIGER MOGUL TAMMY
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2439
1764
78
55
800
5.2
2.65
0.5
3.05
1.99
3.34
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MOGUL FRANCE-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2437
2220
64
62
790
5.3
2.7
0
3.09
3.18
3.2
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
FARNEAR FREEDOM FRESH-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2436
1572
69
54
869
7.2
2.69
2.2
2.31
2.07
2.25
Rick & Tom Simon
Farley , IA
WOODCREST UNO ANNE-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2436
1457
77
51
810
6.1
2.74
2.2
2.82
2.97
2.3
Samuel R Potter
Union Springs , NY
MS MOVIESTAR DADDY MIC-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2436
1507
63
54
851
7.8
2.7
2.1
2.92
1.03
2.35
Butler Borba Glaz-Way & Durr
Chebanse , IL
TIGER-LILY UNO LATTA-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2435
1287
76
47
796
6.3
2.7
0.8
3.67
2.28
2.86
John R. Marshman
Oxford , NY
AURORA UNO 13474-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2434
1877
86
54
821
5.7
2.72
1.3
2.95
2.1
2.58
Aurora Ridge Dairy LLC
Aurora , NY
DE-SU LITHIUM 2440-ET
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2433
2230
69
67
755
5
2.77
0.9
3.18
1.88
2.72
Darin Meyer
New Albin , IA
SPEEK-NJ UNO DAPHNE 391-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2431
1453
98
66
834
5.3
2.82
1.2
2.76
2.12
1.78
Robert J. Eustice
Byron , MN
DE-SU MOGUL 2436-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2431
1397
88
52
769
4.1
2.7
-0.8
3.83
2.78
3.83
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
APPEALING UNO KASSIDY-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2430
874
78
45
818
5.9
2.59
2
2.9
3
2.21
S. Scott & April D. Cooper
Delta , PA
CALORI-D CS UNO SENORITA-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2429
762
83
38
755
6.1
2.61
0.4
3.95
2.9
3.46
Calori-D Holsteins
Denair , CA
OCD SUPERSIRE ACE-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2428
1769
97
72
770
3.9
3.01
0.9
2.7
2.49
1.94
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
WA-DEL MOGUL BONITA-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2427
1522
53
50
764
6
2.71
1.5
3.36
2.3
3.34
Rick L. Wadel
Shippensburg , PA
LADYS-MANOR UNO DESTIN-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2425
2101
91
67
794
4.9
2.74
-0.4
3.33
2.37
2.45
Ladys Manor LLC
Monkton , MD
THREE-STAR LEXOR CITRUS-ET
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2425
1664
69
66
741
4
2.86
1.3
3.25
2.05
2.92
Jeffrey & Korinna Rohde
Grey Eagle , MN
HY-JO-DE MOGUL LIZZY-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2424
2131
93
68
820
4.4
2.74
0.1
2.38
2.35
2.51
Joel F. Gerke
Bangor , WI
MS BOYANA DADDY BLAZE
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2423
1691
55
50
725
6.1
2.76
0.8
3.92
3.45
2.94
Select Genetics of Indiana LLC
Crown Point , IN
S-S-I COSMO TABATHA 8548-ET
TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET
2423
1259
77
48
770
5.6
2.58
0.6
3.24
2.1
3.4
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
T-GEN-AC LAYNE RUSSIA-ET
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2421
1727
63
56
845
6.9
2.55
1.8
2.5
1.45
2.12
Tim Clark
Brownsburg-Chatham , IA
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4535-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2420
978
78
47
859
6
2.53
1.1
2.24
2.79
2.96
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
Fairfax , MN
BRANDVALE MOGUL 4780
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2417
1096
59
40
840
6.5
2.64
2.5
2.61
2.58
2.83
Steven A. Brand
Ellsworth , WI
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DAYO-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2415
1964
70
61
726
5.3
2.83
0.4
3.45
2.62
2.52
Mark W. Kerndt
Waukon , IA
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2433-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2415
670
69
57
710
4
2.81
1.5
3.42
2.43
2.79
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6894-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2414
1375
90
48
894
6.5
2.51
0.6
2.37
2.35
2.38
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
CO-OP PETRONE SUNNY 6869
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2413
2439
59
64
888
6.9
2.48
1.4
2.12
1.5
1.89
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
FURNACE-HILL MGL ZUMBA-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2412
670
75
45
783
5.1
2.76
2.4
2.88
2.87
2.58
Joel Krall & Tim Crouse
Lebanon , PA
WOODCREST SUPER YELLOW
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2409
2063
80
60
816
6.4
2.92
1.3
2.78
1.79
2.52
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
DE-SU CASUAL 2400-ET
LARCREST CASUAL-ET
2409
2407
84
74
842
6
2.76
1
2.35
1
1.52
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
EDG RUBY UNO REESE
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2408
1166
85
45
814
6.3
2.66
1.1
2.92
2.35
2.47
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MCCUTCHEN LEAH-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2408
1611
76
58
788
5.6
2.81
0.8
2.78
2.34
2.53
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BLANC-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2406
1433
63
54
694
4.7
2.83
0.4
3.74
2.39
3.59
Duane & Janet Molhoek
Falmouth , MI
OCD SUPERSIRE EMBARK-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2406
2195
92
70
914
6.8
2.64
0.3
1.91
1.74
1.21
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
MATT-DARI MIXER PLUM-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MIXER-ET
2406
1498
77
72
712
3.3
2.6
0.3
2.84
3
2.33
Matthiae Dairy Farm Inc.
Marathon , WI
DE-SU ODADDY 2447-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2404
1407
68
60
776
6.2
2.65
0.3
3.38
1.8
2.5
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
OCD MCCUTCHEN BANKOK-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2404
1520
70
55
718
4.2
2.66
-0.4
3.65
2.77
3.22
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
KERNDTWAY PETRONE DELTA-ET
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2403
1170
44
38
755
6.6
2.48
2.3
3.5
1.94
2.94
Mark W. Kerndt
Waukon , IA
SIEMERS SHAMROCK DANA-GAL
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2402
1528
81
47
837
6.3
2.5
0.2
2.86
2.39
2.48
Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.
Newton , WI
NO-FLA YANO TRINY 34377
CO-OP UPD PLANET YANO-ET
2401
1989
72
63
856
5.9
2.74
1.2
2.38
2.05
2
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
S-S-I SPRSIRE MISTY 8684-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2400
2166
81
60
741
5.4
2.75
-0.6
3.79
2.65
2.29
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
EDG HALLIE MAY HAPPY
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2400
1594
67
57
728
5.1
2.75
0.3
3.59
2.63
2.77
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
RI-VAL-RE MCCTCHN DASANI-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2399
1609
77
57
681
3.9
2.98
0
3.92
2.51
3.33
Aaron Jorgensen
Webberville , MI
S-S-I CLARTA MERYL 8545-ET
2399
1523
83
70
793
4.7
2.66
0.9
2.43
2.25
1.73
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
SANDY-VALLEY MGL BISCUIT-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2399
1856
51
55
686
4.4
2.79
1.1
3.46
2.94
3.36
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
Stevens Point , WI
WILRA UNO 494-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2398
1369
92
45
831
6.1
2.6
1.1
2.92
1.22
2.63
Wilra Farms Inc.
Nashville , IL
WOODCREST MOGUL POPPER-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2397
609
64
36
796
6.3
2.67
1.7
3.2
2.45
3.29
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
SANDY-VALLEY LAY ABERLYN-ET
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2397
1853
41
48
803
6.8
2.59
2.5
2.68
2.06
2.83
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
Stevens Point , WI
VINBERT UNO MIDGET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2394
1521
90
60
776
5.2
2.68
-0.2
2.96
2.59
2.47
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe , QC
DEBOER O COSMO TALITHA
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
2394
811
60
39
741
6
2.68
2.1
3.5
1.94
2.96
Brad DeBoer
Corona , SD
N-SPRINGHOPE MOGUL MIRTH-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2394
815
88
34
817
6.1
2.57
0.4
2.8
3.73
2.91
J Kevin & Barbara Nedrow
Clifton Springs , NY
KELLERCREST PARA CARMAX-ET
REGANCREST PARADISE-ET
2394
824
53
39
716
5.3
2.53
1.2
3.56
2.68
3.57
Kellercrest Reg. Hol. Inc.
Mount Horeb , WI
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BABA-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2393
186
59
27
760
6.4
2.7
2.8
3.24
2.89
3.22
Duane & Janet Molhoek
Falmouth , MI
COMYN-PBCD PET DLT 170F
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2392
1292
39
35
819
8.6
2.73
3.8
2.71
1.71
2.67
Patrick Comyn
Madison , VA
DE-SU SUDAN 2402-ET
VA-EARLY-DAWN SUDAN CRI-ET
2392
1429
103
52
853
6.2
2.85
0.8
2.57
1.56
2.02
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
RICKLAND NUMERO UNO 4403-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2390
1135
77
43
765
5.9
2.7
1.5
2.93
2.29
2.74
Greg Rickert
Eldorado , WI
PLAIN-KNOLL HILL WINSLET
LOTTA-HILL SHOTTLE 41-ET
2389
1719
61
50
829
7.1
2.64
1.7
2.54
1.83
2.64
Buschur Dairy Farms Inc.
New Weston , OH
DE-SU LITHIUM 2441-ET
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2388
1300
47
45
744
6.5
2.69
2.1
3.05
2.5
2.75
Darin Meyer
New Albin , IA
EDG BRYSHA MOGUL BEE
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2388
1416
52
48
780
6.2
2.61
1.5
3.03
2.5
2.77
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
TWIN-SPRUCE CHANA-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2388
1345
87
51
695
3
2.78
-0.4
3.59
2.85
3.78
Chad Felten
Rose Creek , MN
FARNEAR ELLIE EVELYN-ET
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2387
1646
47
50
743
6.2
2.67
2.2
3.07
2.8
2.46
Rick & Tom Simon
Farley , IA
N-SPRINGHOPE PETRON SARI-ET
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2387
1239
71
45
802
6
2.59
1.8
2.84
1.98
2.25
J Kevin & Barbara Nedrow
Clifton Springs , NY
REGANCREST ODADDY 7276-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2386
1518
39
40
734
6.6
2.68
1.4
3.49
3.01
3.7
Regancrest Farms
Waukon , IA
FARNEAR-TBR-BH MARNI-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2385
1123
55
42
743
7
2.59
1.6
3.16
2.16
3.14
T R & M Simon B & T Rauen &
Farley , IA
S-S-I MORGAN SHALYN 8673-ET
S-S-I BOOKEM MORGAN-ET
2385
1175
66
45
825
7.3
2.65
0.9
2.94
1.87
2.61
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
TWIN-SPRUCE CILO
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2384
1299
86
49
750
4.9
2.56
0.5
3.01
3
2.46
Chad Felten
Rose Creek , MN
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7249-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2384
1309
61
47
663
3.9
2.69
0.7
3.59
3.29
3.5
Regancrest Farms
Waukon , IA
DE-SU DEAN 2423-ET
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2384
1973
56
61
743
5.1
2.63
0.3
3.26
2.01
3.04
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
EDG GLISTEN A GLICE
HUNSBERGER ALCHEMY-ET
2384
1413
36
58
726
6.3
2.52
1.5
2.77
1.92
2.96
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
MS DONNALYN DONEEN-ET
UFM-DUBS-I SHREWD
2383
1668
72
48
744
5.8
2.75
1.2
3.59
1.78
2.73
Trans-America Genetics
Oakdale , CA
RICKLAND SUPERSIRE 4469-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2383
1677
87
66
770
4.6
2.76
-0.2
2.86
2
2.19
Rickert Brothers LLC
Eldorado , WI
OCD SUPERSIRE APPLE-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2382
1321
82
47
706
4.4
2.6
-0.6
3.86
2.77
3.12
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LALA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2382
1806
69
62
777
5.8
2.58
-0.1
2.72
2.17
2.33
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc
Lisbon , NY
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6891-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2382
1104
90
47
802
4.9
2.71
0.2
2.73
2.15
3.32
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
DE-SU EPIC 2390-ET
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2382
1292
70
41
813
6
2.64
2.8
2.39
2.47
1.92
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
JOLICAP DELIGENT WIA-ET
RONELEE DORCY DELIGENT-ET
2380
1000
58
39
733
6
2.64
0.7
3.53
2.3
3.77
Ferme Jolicap Inc
Cap St Ignace PQ , CA
TWIN-SPRUCE CAPPY-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2380
649
78
42
717
4.7
2.56
0.3
3.55
3.03
3.18
Chad Felten
Rose Creek , MN
WOODCREST LAYNE LAZY-ET
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2378
1766
47
48
738
6.5
2.62
1.5
3.16
1.96
2.95
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
WOODCREST UNO ADELE-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2378
1688
75
52
770
5.5
2.78
2
2.59
2.6
1.9
Samuel R Potter
Union Springs , NY
ZIMMERVIEW KRNCH BRIELLE-ET
HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET
2378
835
66
35
778
6.6
2.7
1.3
3.28
2.23
3.49
Dean E. & Brent E. Zimmer
Marietta , OH
FARNEAR MCMORMAN MARCIE-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2377
1350
63
45
714
5.6
2.79
0.6
3.61
2.5
3.48
Rick & Tom Simon
Farley , IA
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7262-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2377
827
59
38
651
4.5
2.74
0.5
3.82
4.24
3.52
Regancrest Farms
Waukon , IA
NO-FLA ECOYNE ISY 34455-ET
ECOYNE ISY
2377
1146
53
46
838
7.8
2.77
2.4
2.39
1.86
2.44
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
OCD KRUNCH MASQUERADE-ET
HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET
2375
1763
59
54
741
6.1
2.79
0.4
3.08
2.39
3.38
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
MS EMILY ECSTASY-ET
DE-SU RANSOM-ET
2375
826
90
37
844
6.9
2.68
2
2.05
2.9
1.63
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe QC , CA
BREMER LARGE COMEDY-ET
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LARGE-ET
2374
1418
59
43
674
5
2.7
1.3
3.71
2.49
3.18
Ferdi Seeuws
Sheldon , WI
ZIMMERVIEW SUPRSRE BELL-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2373
1898
84
66
685
3.7
2.98
-0.3
3.53
2.21
2.6
Dean E. & Brent E. Zimmer
Marietta , OH
LACTOMONT LOCASS SARGEANT-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET
2372
1338
57
60
662
3.8
2.65
0.3
3.51
2.99
3
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe , QC
COOK-FARM UNO HAIZE
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2371
1231
54
45
678
5.2
2.67
1
3.6
2.55
3.33
Gordon Jr. & Gordon Cook III
Hadley , MA
WELCOME SHAN WINFREY-ET
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
2370
1149
79
56
678
3.8
2.81
-0.2
3.73
2.56
2.86
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST MCCUTCHN LINNY-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2369
1102
67
46
703
4.7
2.79
0.1
3.36
2.46
3.52
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
EILDON-TWEED CHARISMA-ET
LADYS-MANOR RD GRAFEETI-ET
2369
1525
80
60
772
4.3
2.92
1.4
2.35
2.19
2.23
David R. Wood
Amsterdam , NY
TJR MOGUL DINAMITE
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2369
1447
71
50
725
4.5
2.69
-0.2
3.22
2.54
3.41
TJR Genetics
Farley , IA
KELLERCREST PARA CARRIE-ET
REGANCREST PARADISE-ET
2369
1691
73
62
700
3.8
2.61
-0.2
3.2
1.97
3.2
Kellercrest Reg. Hol. Inc.
Mount Horeb , WI
HY-JO-DE MOGUL LIZ-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2369
1784
71
55
745
4.4
2.83
1
2.68
2.82
2.84
Joel F. Gerke
Bangor , WI
CO-OP CALICO LULITA 6868-ET
BRANDT-VIEW CALICO-ET
2368
1627
53
65
739
4.9
2.59
1
2.4
2.39
2.44
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
GRANSKOG-ACRES JABBER-ET
SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET
2367
984
58
33
782
7
2.57
1.9
3.03
2.63
2.47
David P. Granskog
Stephenson , MI
DE-SU MOGUL 2393-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2367
1582
72
52
742
4.4
2.75
0.5
2.87
2.43
3.22
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
SANDY-VALLEY MOGUL AMY-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2367
1603
72
46
757
5
2.68
0.9
2.87
2.65
2.97
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
Stevens Point , WI
NO-FLA MAURICE 34451-ET
MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET
2366
1489
84
55
799
4.3
2.58
1.3
2.25
2.09
2.18
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
GEPAQUETTE MAYFIELD RAVIBESSE
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2366
1261
66
52
758
5.3
2.69
1.3
2.86
2.39
2.42
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe , QC
MS BOYANA DADDY BAARA
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2366
1486
26
49
615
5.5
2.74
1.2
4.01
3.23
3.29
Select Genetics of Indiana LLC
Crown Point , IN
WARGO-DANHOF OLIVIA RAE-ET
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2363
1377
59
56
650
3.8
2.75
1.1
3.52
2.66
2.79
Wargo Acres & Jason & Sheri Da
Lodi , WI
WILRA UNO 487-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2362
1050
59
41
807
7.2
2.57
1.9
2.76
2.08
2.3
Wilra Farms Inc.
Nashville , IL
CO-OP SUSTAN LAGOON 6901-ET
GIL-GAR ALTASUSTAIN-ET
2362
1201
49
40
689
5
2.71
1.7
3.46
3.11
3.2
Genesis Cooperative Herd
Shawano , WI
FARNEAR DAY DELORIS-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2361
1957
71
48
759
6.1
2.66
0.6
2.8
2.23
2.61
Rick & Tom Simon
Farley , IA
DANHOF M ANGELIC-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2361
1067
69
45
719
5
2.78
0.2
3.41
3.47
2.97
Jason & Sheri Danhof
Waukon , IA
NO-FLA EPIC DEJAH 34398-ET
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2360
1415
51
49
814
6.3
2.47
2.1
2.24
1.83
2.3
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
EDG HALLIE MAY HALLY
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2359
1917
54
55
655
4.9
2.91
0.2
3.9
1.83
3.35
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
EDG BRYSHA COSMO BRINA
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
2358
821
83
50
771
5.1
2.71
0.6
2.78
1.86
2.52
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
MORMANN AGENT 001-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2358
1949
74
64
714
4.6
2.74
-0.2
2.97
2.89
2.35
Bryhill Farm Inc
Ormstown PQ , IA
RICKLAND MCCUTCHEN 4415-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2358
1600
50
57
657
4.8
2.78
0.4
3.51
3.13
2.83
Rickert Brothers LLC
Eldorado , WI
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LINDA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2357
1864
97
72
695
2.5
2.8
-0.4
2.92
2.1
2.11
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc
Lisbon , NY
WOODCREST MAYFLD FINIKY-ET
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2356
1398
61
45
789
6
2.61
2
2.42
2.18
2.57
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
NO-FLA MAURICE 34386-ET
MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET
2355
1552
69
55
853
6.3
2.6
2
1.65
2.2
1.39
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
SPEEK-NJ KELLY CLARKSON-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2355
2014
81
63
766
4.9
2.71
-0.4
2.89
1.82
2.4
Neil McDonah
Trempealeau , WI
AMMON FARMS SSR MOONSTAR-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2355
1667
93
63
740
4.3
2.83
-0.6
2.84
2.02
2.39
Michael & Jill Ammon
Lewistown , PA
CHARTROISE UNO MACEY-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2355
1647
99
60
749
3.8
2.76
0
2.72
2.2
2.28
Select Genetics LLC
Manitowoc , WI
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7252-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2354
1528
56
43
614
3.6
2.76
0.5
3.97
3.1
3.65
Regancrest Farms
Waukon , IA
FURNACE-HILL MGL ZEXY-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2354
995
51
49
718
4.8
2.69
1.6
2.84
3.02
2.85
Joel Krall & Tim Crouse
Lebanon , PA
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LACE-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2353
1859
79
64
721
4
2.71
0.3
2.76
1.23
2.63
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc
Lisbon , NY
CANGEN UNO 5453
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2353
1485
76
45
730
6
2.8
1.2
3.11
2.5
2.15
Trans-America Genetics
St-Hyacinthe , QC
WEIGELINE DEAN 2171-ET
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2353
1635
67
49
796
6.3
2.73
2.6
2.35
1.38
1.92
Dan Weigel
Richland , MI
WEIGELINE SUPERSONC 2174-ET
MISTY SPRINGS SUPERSONIC
2353
967
76
43
894
7.7
2.73
2.7
1.82
1.12
1.84
Dan Weigel
Richland , MI
BUTZ-HILL MAYFIELD MARIAH
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2353
990
60
45
653
3.7
2.62
0.8
3.66
2.38
3.17
Mark Butz
Mount Vernon , IA
SPEEK-NJ CHELSEA HANDLER-ET
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2352
1932
91
70
718
3.7
2.86
-0.6
3.28
1.3
2.23
Neil McDonah
Trempealeau , WI
MATCREST LEX CHARMING-ET
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2352
1125
89
57
710
3.2
2.74
-0.4
3.16
2.5
2.87
Matthew R. Johnson
Baldwin , WI
DE-SU ODADDY 2394-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2352
1792
67
62
797
6.4
2.73
1.1
2.28
1.16
2.07
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
RONLAND EPIC JANELLE-ET
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2352
2432
74
69
739
3.9
2.75
0.5
2.75
2.47
1.61
Ronald Hackmann
Manitowoc , WI
T-SPRUCE MOGUL 7260-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2352
1830
53
59
753
6
2.71
0.3
2.95
2.15
2.6
Arnold B. Gruenes
Richmond , MN
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MORA 8676-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2352
2264
85
60
802
6.3
2.73
0.3
2.76
1.26
1.65
Select Sires Inc.
Plain City , OH
DE-SU ODADDY 2392-ET
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2351
1829
57
42
793
7.2
2.51
0.7
2.98
1.76
2.79
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
MORMANN AQUA 2148-ET
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2351
1199
47
51
743
6.2
2.66
1.7
2.75
2.35
2.79
Jennifer Mormann
Farley , IA
VISION-GEN AIRNET AL14319
AIR-OSA-EXEL ALTAAIRNET-ET
2348
1543
69
57
742
5.3
2.74
1.5
2.52
1.76
2.12
VISION GENETICS
Mount Joy , PA
EDG GLISTEN UNO GARTH
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2348
1213
68
45
728
5.6
2.71
1.1
2.66
2.2
2.96
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MCCTCHN LOONEY-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2348
338
58
27
705
5.7
2.6
1.3
3.17
2.91
3.57
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
Lisbon , NY
GOLD-N-OAKS U SOLSTA2559-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2347
1069
88
43
728
4.9
2.73
1.5
3.05
1.47
2.55
John & Judy Swenson
Barneveld , WI
EDG GLISTEN MERID GAFNA-ET
SULLY HART MERIDIAN-ET
2347
1750
68
67
623
3
2.89
-0.1
3.52
2.06
2.95
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
Chebanse , IL
SPRUCE-HAVEN NUMERO UNO 14300
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2346
661
66
30
761
5.7
2.57
2.2
3.2
2.29
2.79
VISION GENETICS
Mount Joy , PA
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DUCE-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2346
1769
63
53
627
3.6
2.7
-0.3
3.94
2.74
3.08
Mark W. Kerndt
Waukon , IA
OCD KRUNCH MANIFEST-ET
HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET
2345
1481
47
45
730
6.6
2.72
1.1
3
2.3
3.25
Oakfield Corners Dairy
Oakfield , NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN MOG MI14320-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2343
1591
60
45
676
4.1
2.66
1.2
3.14
3.49
2.7
Doug Young & James Nocek
Union Springs , NY
GLEN-VALLEY UNO SCARF-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2342
737
71
46
722
4.9
2.59
0.8
2.88
2.97
2.58
Scott M. Umble
Atglen , PA
JOLICAP DELIGENT WIANA-ET
RONELEE DORCY DELIGENT-ET
2342
1045
38
47
658
4.7
2.65
0.7
3.94
2.33
3.61
Ferme Jolicap Inc
Cap St Ignace PQ , CA
SAR-JAS UNO SPECKLE-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2342
787
56
35
645
4.7
2.8
1.9
3.66
3.25
3.19
Jason Menne
West Union , IA
VATLAND MCCUTCHEN LANA 3745
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2341
1586
83
50
708
4
2.74
-0.1
3.01
2.17
3
Josh Vatland
Caledonia , MN
GRANSKOG-ACRES JORDAN-ET
SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET
2341
924
48
25
742
7.6
2.6
1.8
3.38
2.3
3.26
David P. Granskog
Stephenson , MI
DE-SU MOGUL 2413-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2341
1216
73
39
779
5.6
2.64
1.4
2.45
2.79
2.49
De Su Holsteins LLC
New Albin , IA
PLAIN-KNOLL PARISH DANCE
PLAIN-KNOLL PARISH 5534-ET
2341
1316
81
53
839
6.4
2.62
1
2.2
1.31
1.83
Buschur Dairy Farms Inc.
New Weston , OH
HY-JO-DE UNO LUCILLA-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2341
1277
89
49
764
4.8
2.6
-0.3
3.04
2.67
2.4
Joel F. Gerke
Bangor , WI
KHW MOGUL AKAHANNA-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2340
217
77
38
751
4.5
2.7
1.5
2.93
3.09
2.63
High Altitude Syndicate
Platteville , WI
SIEMERS MOGUL APPLE-STAR-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2340
943
86
40
623
3
2.76
-0.6
4.15
3.54
3.34
Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.
Newton , WI
SANDY-VALLEY MOGL BASKET-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2340
2047
55
54
674
4.8
2.86
0.8
3.33
2.32
2.91
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
Stevens Point , WI
CAPS MAIRY 25
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2339
1589
30
49
657
4.9
2.58
0.9
3.43
3.02
3.03
Eurogenes
Fair Play , MD
T-SPRUCE MOGUL 7272-ET
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2339
1667
71
58
715
4.8
2.89
0.3
3.09
2.27
2.71
Arnold B. Gruenes
Richmond , MN
NO-FLA MAURICE 34371-ET
MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET
2338
1180
76
49
837
5.6
2.47
0.9
1.89
1.78
2.48
North Florida Holsteins
Bell , FL
RI-VAL-RE MCCTCHN OREGON-ET
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2337
1570
54
61
607
3.4
3.04
1.1
3.56
2.1
3.17
Aaron Jorgensen
Webberville , MI
LUDWIGS-DG NUMBERO LUCY-ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2337
624
89
40
735
5.2
2.76
1.4
3.09
2.63
2.14
D. Ludwig Farms LLC
Fithian , IL
* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire
This group of sires is high for efficiency but slightly more spread out than the sires in Table 1. They are very high for fat yield, daughter fertility and herd life. Breeders that used Divinci will be pleased to see him heading this list but there are many other top all around sires. Divinci, Mucho, Blasito and Topsy are all sons of the high indexing dam, De-Su 199. AltaBettman and Toolshop are full brothers.
Next Proven Sires
Table 3 contains sires that will receive their daughter proofs over the next year or so.
MOONLIGHT HOLSTEINS, CAISTOR CENTRE, ON, (519) 788-6917
ZUGER INNOCENT THREA
VG
85
PENNVIEW INNOCENT
FERME ZUGER, LYSTER, PQ, (819) 389-1038
* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire
This group of sires contains bulls that are both well known and not so well known to breeders. Supersire and Lexor stand out with high ratings in all categories contained in the table. Lexor and Lanyard are full brothers.
International Proven Sires
Table 4 contains the top ten BEI sires from the US Holstein and CDN MACE listings for top daughter proven sires.
Name
Udder Score
Feet & Legs Score
Final Score
Owner
State
KINGSWAY GOLDWYN ARTICHOKE-ET
88
90
89
Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager
MD
MS KEN-DREN SANCHEZ FEATHER
90
90
89
Todd N. Wendorf & Douglas D. Lemke
WI
MS ROCKLEDGE SNCHEZ JAZZ-ET
90
90
89
Jeff Morris Koster
TX
ROCKLAN-T ATWOOD RALLY-ET
90
87
89
Michael J. Garrow
NY
LUCK-E BRAXTON MAEVE
90
87
89
Dalton Engel
IL
CONANT-ACRES AFTSHOCK TRINA
91
85
89
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
OAKFIELD ATWOOD HORIZON-ET
88
87
88
Michael J. Garrow
NY
FLEURY DAMION CARAIBE
90
83
88
Pat Conroy
IN
CHARWILL ATTIC MARCY
88
88
88
Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
DOUGAL LEA GOLDWYN DANITA-ET
88
87
88
Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
LEACHLAND GOLD MEDAL
90
86
88
Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager
MD
HOFF-HILL ATLANTIC GLOW
87
90
88
Adam Hoff
TX
BVK ATWOOD ANGIE-ET
87
85
88
Catlin E. Christman
MD
FROZENES SANCHEZ CLAUDIA
90
87
88
Chad J. Ryan
WI
SHEBS GOLDWYN HAWAII-ET
89
86
88
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LOCUST-RIDGE PLAID BEANIE
88
86
88
Robert A. Johnson
MD
WHITTIER-CF ATWOOD LOVE-ET
88
86
88
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
STONE-HAUS ALEX G6-ET
88
86
88
Glen S. Zimmerman
PA
COCALICO BRADELL PARIS
88
90
88
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
MB-LUCKYLADY ATWOOD 5590-ET
87
88
88
Durrer Dairy
CA
PARKACRES AB FRANNIE-RED-ET
89
87
88
Jason M. & Donna G. Myers
MD
REGANCREST GOLD BILLI-J-ET
88
87
88
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
MS T-FARM ZBW BIGTIME PIECE
90
84
88
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
ZBW-JP AT LAST-ET
88
88
88
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
PUTNAM-FARM DSTRY JASMYN-TW
87
86
88
William & Cynthia &Richard & Shannon Allyn
NH
MS DREAMSALIVE SA PATTYCAKE
87
87
88
Robert & Joyce Ringler Hoffman & Terry Kuehn
PA
STOLHAVEN SOVRGN DIAMOND-ET
89
86
88
G. Alpheus Stoltzfus
PA
DIRIGO-CONANT ATWOOD RANDI
87
88
88
Duane Conant & Steve Keene
ME
CONANT-ACRES ATWOOD FARRAH
90
87
88
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-ACRES SANCHEZ CAMMI
90
84
88
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-ACRES ALEX ADA
88
90
88
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-ACRES BRAXTON FAYME
89
87
88
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
DIRIGO-CONANT SANCHEZ RICKI
90
86
88
Duane Conant & Steve Keene
ME
CONANT-ACRES ATWD FLAIR-ET
90
86
88
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
DIRIGO BRAXTON JORJA
90
87
88
Brian R. Keene
ME
WESTPHALIA SS AMARYLLIS-RED
90
85
88
Grady Wendorf
WI
ROUND-HILL REALITY FIONA-TW
86
87
88
Shelby Iager
MD
RMW SANCHEZ ATHENA-ET
88
87
88
Nicholas John Raggi
MD
MOUNTFIELD SH ATW R12124-ET
88
82
88
Spruce-Haven Farm
NY
KAY-BEN ATWOOD CREAM CHEESE
89
87
88
Eben J. Benson
ME
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FLITTER
90
83
88
Jerome E. Meyer
WI
KEVREL MANOMAN MIA-ET
90
86
88
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
GOLDEN-OAKS ATWD CHARLA-ET
90
84
88
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TRIUMPH-ET
88
83
88
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
SAVAGE-LEIGH PS LELA-ET
90
85
87
Savage-Leigh Farm
MD
OCD PICOLO LACY-ET
87
86
87
Laura Emerson & Brent A Ashley
DE
RONBETH HD DAMION DANCER
87
85
87
Brent R. Zimmerman
MD
ROCKYMOUNTAIN MANOMAN DIMPL-ET
88
86
87
Alphagen Syndicate & Ferme Jolicap Inc
WI
SILVERMAPLE BOLTON CAMEO
86
86
87
Golden Oaks & Nick Raggi
IL
RAINYRIDGE DESTINY BIANCA-ET
87
82
87
Gene Iager & St Jacobs ABC, Inc
MD
KINGSWAY ATWOOD DELICATE
88
84
87
Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager
MD
CAVA-LANES PRNT SHANTELE-ET
88
79
87
Aaron Hass & Todd Cavanaugh
WI
ROXY-DANE SPIRTE ROCHELLE
86
83
87
Seth Elsner
WI
HAGEN S-STORM CHEROKEE
86
86
87
Keith Hagen
WI
CAR-BON SANCHEZ AKIRA
86
86
87
Thomas J. Bunkoske
WI
MD-HEAVENSENT ABSO MAGNAFIC
86
88
87
Macayla Wiles
MD
BVK ATWOOD ABILENE-ET
85
88
87
Mike & Megan Moede
WI
DONWEN SIZZLE GABRIEL
87
82
87
Donald R. Wendlandt, Jr.
WI
ABRAXAS ACCOLD RD BL MISS
86
86
87
Michael J. Garrow
NY
HAGEN SANCHEZ BANDIT
88
82
87
Keith Hagen
WI
OCEAN-VIEW SHOTLE SHERRY
88
83
87
Mark Rueth & Jeff Woods
WI
MICHIGAN DN SLUSHIE 4685-ET
89
84
87
Michigan State University
MI
WHIT-HART AFTSHK CLIMAX-ET
87
86
87
Shelby Iager
MD
SMITH-CREST-TW J VIDALLIA
90
78
87
Joshua R Butler
WI
MS PEACE&PLENTY FRISKY
88
86
87
Richard Schwartzbeck & Byron Stambaugh
MD
MARTIN-PLACE DUNDEE TRU
88
83
87
Ashley Mariah Martin
ME
GOLDFAWN SANZ ELLI
87
86
87
Nathan M. Goldenberg
TX
PROBERT Z SOLIS
87
83
87
Kate Smith & Pam Probert
WI
SMITH-CREST GIBSON MARY
90
83
87
Travis Smith
WI
ROCKLAN-T ATWOOD ROXANNE-ET
87
84
87
Michael J. Garrow
NY
KMH MONUMENT JADE
88
83
87
Brian Edward Rohloff
WI
ROSEDALE TENACIOUS ROSE-ET
88
85
87
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
STARWARD SANCHEZ JUBILEE-ET
88
85
87
Darwin D. Sneller
MI
ALMOST-MINE R PERFCT-RED-ET
87
85
87
Almost Mine Farm
WI
UNICORN ATTIC GIGI
88
83
87
Sarah Davis
MD
RALMA MANOMAN BLUEJAY-ET
88
85
87
Ringhill Holsteins & DeWeerd Farms Inc
MD-MAPLE-DELL AFTER GENA
87
84
87
Patrick Bros.
MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL SANCHEZ IMARA
87
87
87
Patrick Bros.
MD
ME-DO-CREST LHEROS IVY
87
83
87
Me-Do Meadows
WI
REGAN-BH-ALH M DANNAH-ET
88
85
87
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LUCK-E SHOTTLE TRINITY-ET
87
85
87
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON RIDDLE-TW
86
83
87
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON KAMEKO-ET
87
85
87
Joseph M. Engel
IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON KUMIKO
86
84
87
Joseph M. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE BABE-RED-ET
87
85
87
Matt L. Engel
IL
VIEW-HOME TIME DASHEA
86
87
87
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
WINDSOR-MANOR SAN ZSAZSA-ET
87
86
87
Jason M. & Donna G. Myers
MD
WINDSOR-MANOR RAZZLEDAZZLE
88
84
87
Kelsey Zepp
MD
BURLEDGE JASPER PRADA
88
85
87
Ray & Rae Nell Halbur
WI
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2150-ET
90
82
87
De Su Holsteins LLC
IA
BRIGEEN SHOTTLE GIGI-ET
87
84
87
Vivian Briggs
ME
CO-OP SUPER JULITA-ET
88
82
87
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
CONANT-ACRES AFTRSHK LUSTRE
88
88
87
Duane W. Conant
ME
SELLCREST DBONAIR RITA-RED
90
82
87
Allen & Shirley Sell
WI
NO-LIMIT SHOTTLE LICORICE
87
85
87
Durrer Dairy & MB Luckylady Farm
CA
KLASSENS SANCHEZ JAMIE-3773
86
86
87
Jeff Morris Koster
TX
GOLDEN-OAKS AS CHARITY-ET
86
82
87
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS GWYN CHRISTA-ET
87
84
87
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS-NR GABRIELA
88
82
87
Golden Oaks & Nick Raggi
IL
DRENDEL-PM DAMION ELOISE
87
84
87
Kristina Drendel
IL
LINDALE SANCHEZ TATIANA
88
83
87
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
TEX-STEIN COLBY PERRI
88
86
87
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN PONTIAC GRACE
86
88
87
Gavin Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN PONTIAC FIREBIRD
90
82
87
Gavin Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN DEUCE HEIDY
89
83
87
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
FARNEAR B ABBIE AKA
88
85
87
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
FLICKSTEAD SHOTTLE 1529
87
86
87
Diane G. Flickinger
MD
MS CRESCENTMEAD DANIE-ET
88
83
87
Budjon Farms, Peter C. Vail & Pierre Boulet
WI
GBM ATWOOD ACCENT-ET
88
85
87
Mark Douglas Cain
DE
BUCHHOLZ BALTIMOR HAMBONE
87
85
87
James & Susan Buchholz
WI
BEAVER-FLATS ALEX CORKY-ET
88
86
87
Jeffrey D. Dana
NY
MISS REAL HOT-RED
87
82
87
Troy Wendorf
WI
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET
88
83
87
Rick & Tom Simon,B & T Rauen & Butz-Hill Hol.
IA
VISION-GEN SUP GUVA-C037-ET
90
83
87
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LADYS-MANOR GINGERSNAP-TW
87
87
87
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR FRD GIZELLE-ET
89
83
87
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LEEMODE BRAXTON PONTIA
90
83
87
Ross W. Lee
CA
EHRHARDT GOLDWYN BRITNEY-ET
88
87
87
Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.
MD
COLDSPRINGS BRODY 4093
87
84
87
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS DUSK 4095
88
83
87
Courtney K. Hoff
MD
KEVREL PLANET MIA-ET
90
85
87
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
GOLDEN-OAKS CARLA-RED
88
86
87
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
STAR-ROCK EMPHASIS 6427
88
87
87
Star Rock Farms
PA
DURCHAN ALLEN DELIGHT-ET
86
90
87
Kingstead Farms & Tom Mercuro
MD
ROSEDALE LIFE IS SWEET-ET
90
81
87
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE LUCK WITH A KISS
87
90
87
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
JENESIS-B KYLE NAOMI
87
85
86
Tom & Jacqueline Barends
MI
L-C-V BRAXTON LILLY 2067
86
85
86
Macey B Vieira
CA
L-C-V LOTHARIO SARY 2164
88
83
86
Macey B Vieira
CA
AARDEMA DORCY 84309
86
83
86
Double A Dairy
ID
CRAVE BALTIMOR BLUES 6291
85
85
86
Crave Brothers Farm LLC
WI
COSTA-VIEW BOLTON 41447
88
82
86
Costa-View Farms
CA
GROSS-FARM OUTSIDE HONEY
86
85
86
Norman Gross
MI
COSTA-VIEW AL 39808-ET
85
87
86
Joseph Azevedo
CA
B-HIDDENHILLS BEACN 1298-ET
86
86
86
Hidden Hills Dairy
MI
RUGG-DOC AFTRSHOCK CARAH-ET
88
83
86
Jeff Rugg
WI
CITYVIEW GOLDWYN ACE
88
84
86
Richard A. & K. Lisa Schwartzbeck
MD
BUTZ-BUTLER JASPR ASPIRE
86
85
86
Mary Feucht
WI
NINE-CEES LARAMEE SKY
85
84
86
Nine Cees Dairy
WI
POLLACK-VU IS LOW RIDER
86
82
86
Steven & Dori Lichty
WI
MISTY-Z ROY JAZZY
86
85
86
Dale L. Zimmerman
PA
GOLDFAWN-SYM JASPER JODI
85
83
86
Addison Anne Goldenberg
TX
WILDWEED ATLAS DINA
86
82
86
James, Kari & Linda Behling
WI
FISCHERDALE SANCHEZ JUDY-ET
90
80
86
Kamphuis Farms LLC
WI
GLEN-TOCTIN GOLD LEENA-ET
86
83
86
Katelyn M. Allen
MD
PHEASANT-ECHOS SHOTL ELAINE
88
85
86
Byron & Deborah Stambaugh
MD
PHEASANT-ECHOS MILN DARLENE
87
83
86
Trinity Kaye Miller
MD
VALMONT HARRY SHADE DELLA
86
82
86
Aaron A. & Aaron L. Widrick
NY
MAPLEGRAND SHOTTLE GABBY
86
82
86
Maplegrand Farms
NY
BUDJON-JK DURHAM EARRING
85
82
86
Budjon Farms & Joel Kietzman
WI
GLORYLAND-SA SONYA RAE-ET
87
86
86
James R. Putman
NY
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LAVENA-ET
88
85
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
PLAYBALL MOM LITTLE
86
87
86
Tim Schmitt
IA
RYAN-VU PRONTO KORRAL
86
86
86
Mark J. Ryan
WI
CLELAND MR BURNS ANNIE
85
85
86
Jason J. Cleland
WI
GALESTONE PASSION-ET
86
85
86
Robert A. Johnson
MD
ABRAXAS DEBONRRD BARBIE
87
82
86
Michael Faucher
NY
WILDWEED TOUCHDOWN CARMEL
86
85
86
Frank Behling
WI
ROCKLAN ADVENT REGAN-ET
86
82
86
Michael J. Garrow
NY
ROKEYROAD ATWOOD ELSIE-ET
86
83
86
Mason Dairy Farm LLC
OK
MICHIGAN DN ROUGHIE 4686-ET
89
78
86
Michigan State University
MI
PERLANE BOHNVIEW J FANTASIA
86
85
86
Daniel Bohn
WI
HOWARDVIEWWG SUPR AMBRIA-ET
86
84
86
Logan A. Zanzalari
IN
OUR-BEST SHINING STAR-TW
86
82
86
Mark & Joseph Wolf
WI
HOFF-HILL SANCHEZ TWINKIE
85
86
86
Adam Hoff
TX
DESTINY-ROAD DUSK DYNAMITE
87
85
86
Jay Stoltzfus
PA
CLASS-E CLASSIC CHEDDAR-ET
86
85
86
Lucas & Eric Moser
MI
HEADWATER LENNY JENNY
90
81
86
Eric Sherman
NY
ABRAXAS GABOR MOONSHINE
86
86
86
Carl, Samuel & Aaron Moore
NY
INSPIRACRES DEBON FAY-RED
86
85
86
Steve & Sharon Patterson
WI
WA-DEL SUPER BATHSHEBA-ET
87
82
86
Rick L. Wadel
PA
MD-LOCUSTCREST ARTIE MILKY
87
81
86
Md-Locust Crest
MD
SMITH-CREST FR IDEE-ET
86
80
86
Matt & Travis Smith
WI
AEBI-THAL ATWOOD RENE
87
84
86
Jim Abey
WI
PROTEGE RIANNA ROSE
87
82
86
Colt & Nikki Voegeli
WI
CLOVER-PRAIRIE 5038 JEWEL
85
83
86
Kyle A. Batista
CA
PHEASANT-ECHOS TURVY-RED-ET
87
83
86
Kenny Stambaugh
MD
MAPLEGRAND SANCHEZ PAL
87
83
86
Maplegrand Farms
NY
ROSSDALE KNOWLEDGE ROYCE-ET
83
86
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
ROCKLAN-T GOLDWYN TOPS-ET
86
87
86
Michael J. Garrow
NY
BEE-BOW SHOTTLE PARFAIT-ET
87
87
86
Kamphuis Farms LLC
WI
IDEAL-KR IVANKA
86
86
86
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS PHNX LEANDRA
87
83
86
Byron & Deborah Stambaugh
MD
RAGGI JASPER CUPID
87
83
86
Ronald E. Statler II
PA
SHADY-WOOD DEUCE JENNY
86
85
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
NEHLS-VALLEY SUPER LIPPY
87
82
86
Gene P & Seth L Nehls
WI
RAGGI ATWOOD TONI-ET
86
85
86
Nicholas John Raggi
MD
MOONDALE JASPER TJ-ET
86
83
86
Cindy L. Krull
WI
MD-MAPLE-DELL AFTER DICEY
86
84
86
Maple Dell Farms
MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL ALEX SUE-ET
87
83
86
Derek Patrick
MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL ALEX SALLY-ET
87
84
86
Derek Patrick
MD
IRIS-HILL ADVENT NIKO-RED
86
85
86
Paul L. & Titus Mast
NY
WOODLEDGE ROY 955
87
83
86
R. Garnett Smith, Jr.
VA
LE-O-LA ATWOOD GYPSY
86
85
86
Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer
IA
APPEALING G W ATWOOD JINX
86
85
86
S. Scott & April D. Cooper
PA
KAY-BEN ATWOOD KELLY
87
82
86
Erica J. Benson
ME
REGANCREST FRD LISANNE-ET
85
86
86
Kenneth J. Pfaff
WI
ZBW-WG AFTER EFFECT
86
85
86
Jeffrey D. Dana
NY
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE CINEMA
84
86
86
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE ZANG
87
84
86
Matt L. Engel
IL
F-A-F SIDNEY LOMIRA
85
84
86
Luke Borchardt
IL
SPRUCE-HAVEN ATW BJ11846-ET
88
82
86
Spruce-Haven Farm
NY
ROPUT DAMION GRINDAL
87
85
86
James R. Putman
NY
CHRIS-DA ALFREDO JULIET
87
82
86
LaVern & Cheryl Davis
WI
KOZ-DA SHAKIRA-RED
88
86
86
DaMartini Holsteins
WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4574-TW
86
82
86
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
SPEEK-NJ PROM QUEEN-RED-ET
87
82
86
Neil McDonah
WI
WINDSOR-MANOR JEEV ROCHELLE
86
83
86
Jason M. & Donna G. Myers
MD
JUNLYN FRONTRUNNER WILMA
87
81
86
Junlyn Farms, Inc.
WI
PIERCE-VALE MAC TAMMY-ET
86
84
86
Pierce-Vale Farms LLC
WI
K-MANOR NIAGRA MODEL
86
86
86
K-Manor Holsteins
WI
STONE-FRONT JELLY-RED
85
85
86
Tom Lyon, Jr.
WI
COLDSPRINGS REECE 3923
88
85
86
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS BOLTON 3975
87
86
86
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
KA-MITZ KASPER KAITLYN-RED
86
85
86
Todd Kahl
IL
MIDAS-TOUCH TRUMP RYLEE
87
82
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LOCUST-VALE S ROSETTE
86
85
86
Wilmer L. & Vera C. Peachey
NY
BLUE-GENE SHOTTLE SOUPEY-ET
87
82
86
Eugene M. Poirier
NY
HEINZE SANCHEZ PARIS
87
85
86
Mark T. Heinze
WI
ROB-SARA ATLANTIC FLOR 1888
85
86
86
Robert L. III & Laura Emerson
DE
MATT-DARI SPEARMINT SOCIETY
86
85
86
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER BIRDIE
85
85
86
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI SHOTTLE DELISA
86
85
86
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
SIBIC MATT-DARI BADEN
87
80
86
Amy Simon
WI
MATT-DARI AL WINK
86
85
86
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI AFTERSHOCK FIFI
86
85
86
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
HOEK-TEX APPLE 5508
86
86
86
Meagan Jessyka Hoekman
TX
HOEK-TEX SANCHEZ 5526-ET
85
86
86
Gerard Hoekman
TX
HOEK-TEX BOULDER 5529-ET
86
86
86
Gerard Hoekman
TX
HOEK-TEX BEDFORD 5555
85
87
86
Gerard Hoekman
TX
GREEMLEA-TM DES BEULAH-ET
86
87
86
Savage-Leigh Farm
MD
MISS DEBONAIR BEAUTIFUL-RED
85
86
86
Richard M. Green
DE
T-C-G APPLE ROLEX-RED-ET
86
82
86
Joseph K. Panter & Triple Crown Genetics
ID
T-C-G JEEVES MADDY-ET
87
83
86
Triple Crown Genetics
ID
MILKSOURCE FORTUNE LAYNE
83
85
86
Frank Behling
WI
CONANT-ACRES GOLD SUKEY-ET
86
85
86
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-ACRES BRAXTON TESSA
88
81
86
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
SELLCREST LB MISSY-RED-ET
85
86
86
Gary Sell
WI
SELLCREST JONAH KALA-RED
87
85
86
Allen & Shirley Sell
WI
NO-LIMIT SHOTTLE HAZEL
87
83
86
Durrer Dairy & MB Luckylady Farm
CA
KINGSMILL ALLOY ATARA
85
85
86
Kaitlyn R. Corbett
MD
KINGSMILL ALLOY ALETTE
87
85
86
Kaitlyn R. Corbett
MD
WESTPHALIA RR ASTONISH-RED
85
87
86
Charles A. Westphal
WI
GOLDEN-OAKS ADVENT ALEXA-ET
85
85
86
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS GW CHAMPAGNE-ET
87
84
86
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS AB FLIRT-RED-ET
88
82
86
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
BULLDOG BRAXTON GRAND
86
85
86
Bulldog Holsteins
MD
GA-IL AWOOD CLARICE-ET
86
82
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
GLADE-ROCK TIME ERICA
85
86
86
Emily P. Ausherman
MD
TEX-STEIN COLBY YAJAIVA
87
85
86
Gavin Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN COLBY AQUILLA
86
86
86
Gavin Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR DARBI
90
83
86
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR SHARON
88
85
86
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN DEUCE CHELLSEY
88
85
86
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
FARNEAR BROCADES BAKA-ETS
87
83
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
FARNEAR ADA ADVOCATION-ET
87
83
86
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
MDF SANCHEZ 3120
85
90
86
Mason Dairy Farm LLC
OK
WEBB-VUE GABOR MS JACHEIA
88
83
86
Robert A. Webb
WI
ROCK-HOME PRONTO FJEARA
85
85
86
Jeff Morris Koster
TX
NEHLS-VALLEY STARDUST-RED
85
88
86
Shawn Nehls
WI
NEHLS-VALLEY SUGARLAND-RED
85
85
86
Shawn Nehls
WI
B-ENTERPRISE SUPER GIGI-ET
85
85
86
Rick & Tom Simon & Butz-Hill Holstein
IA
T-C-G DESTRY GOLD-RAE
87
84
86
Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.
ID
T-C-G GOLD RHIANNA-ET
85
86
86
Triple Crown Genetics
ID
R-E-W CHARM BRACELET-ET
87
85
86
Derek Lease
MD
HARDEE-ROCK RB SHARA-RED-ET
88
84
86
Darwin D. Sneller
MI
ROCK-HOME DESTRY LIVIA-ET
86
86
86
Adam Hoff
TX
WARGO-ACRES MUSIC-ET
85
83
86
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES JANE
87
85
86
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES SUPER MILEY
85
85
86
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-N-JD SUPER DELUX-ET
87
83
86
Craig Carncross & Jason Danhof
WI
MDF G W ATWOOD 3240
86
83
86
Mason Dairy Farm LLC
OK
HILLPINE REALITY JAN
88
85
86
Byron W. Bruins
WI
LADYS-MANOR ALLOY FRESCA
87
83
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY ODA
90
81
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY AMELIA
85
86
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR SHOT AT LUCKY
86
83
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY AMIRA
88
86
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR BIGTIME BUFFY
87
83
86
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
KAY-BEN ALEXANDER LOLIPOP
87
86
86
Kay-Ben Holsteins
ME
MAPLE-HILL-FARM LUCKY SEVEN
87
80
86
Paul E. Horning
PA
HNKES-WESSEL ATW ECLIPSE-ET
86
83
86
Douglas D. Lemke
WI
CASTLEHOLM ROSIE RAE-RED-ET
86
84
86
Nicole K. Wright
WI
MILKSOURCE ADV INDIANA-RED
87
82
86
Robert & Matt Puskas
NJ
SPRINGHILL-OH BOWSER ICE-ET
87
86
86
End Road Farm
MI
ROPUT AIRRAID BEARLY
86
87
86
James R. Putman
NY
BER-SHER EXPLO CARISSA CIN
86
85
86
Bernard & Ronald Brinks
MI
LORITA ATWOOD ANNA STAR
85
85
86
Durrer Dairy
CA
EHRHARDT ASHOCK LAURIN-ET
86
86
86
Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.
MD
COLDSPRINGS SILVAN 4076
87
83
86
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS DUSK 4107
86
82
86
Ian A. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS BAXTER 4161
87
86
86
Ian A. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS LIGHTNING 4198
86
84
86
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
MEY-VILLA CHRIS DELLA
87
83
86
Bernard & Jerome Meyer
WI
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FANCLUB
87
80
86
Jerome D. Meyer
WI
PEACE&PLENTY ASPEN BONJOUR
87
82
86
Joseph A. Schwartzbeck
MD
PEACE&PLENTY FREEDOM ROYAL
88
82
86
Richard A. Schwartzbeck
MD
CO-OP UPD FREDDIE 4332
88
83
86
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
PIERCE-VALE AFSHK TAFFY-ET
86
85
86
Pierce-Vale Farms LLC
WI
MS TODDSDALE GOLD TRILEY-ET
86
85
86
Michael J. Garrow
NY
KEVREL MAN-O-MAN 1525
87
85
86
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
ARB-FLO-SPR BUCKEYE SHABAM
88
82
86
Jamie Arbaugh
MD
HORIZON-JAY SHOT-OBSEE-ET
90
82
86
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
MS APPLES ARIA-ET
89
83
86
Luke & Megan Rauen & Josh & Adam Simon
IA
GOLDEN-OAKS ATWOOD VENUS-ET
87
84
86
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
STONE-FRONT HVEZDA ROADIE
88
84
86
Andrew Jay Buttles
WI
NELSON-MILL AUGIE 969
87
84
86
J. Walter Rutledge, II
MD
HILMAR SUPER 4745
87
86
86
Hilmar Holsteins, Inc.
CA
WINDSOR-MANOR Z STICKY
86
83
86
Jason M. & Donna G. Myers
MD
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TRINITY-ET
87
82
86
Tyler Nephew
NY
MS SUGAR-C ALEXNDR QUEEN-ET
86
85
86
Sugar Creek Dairy
WI
RAGGI-MANOR SHANE SILVER
86
86
86
Nick Raggi & Robert E.& Mary O. Smith
MD
BUR-RODZ SANCHEZ BETH
90
80
86
Rodney A. Zietlow
WI
ROSEDALE ENOUGH TALK
87
82
86
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE FASHION SENSE
86
83
86
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE COURAGEOUS CAT
86
82
86
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
LONE-MAPLE LHEROS 101
87
83
86
Linford R Weber
MD
TRI-KOEBEL SNOFALL TICKTOCK
86
82
85
Stephen J. Reed
MI
JENESIS-B KYLE ECHO
83
84
85
Isaiah Barends
MI
JENESIS-B ARMSTEAD MARISSA
85
85
85
Tom & Jacqueline Barends
MI
JENESIS-B KYLE ELITE
85
82
85
Tom & Jacqueline Barends
MI
S-S-I BOWSR WHISPER 7054-ET
86
83
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
NORZ-HILL-C ATWOOD EMILY-ET
85
78
85
Richard & Richard Norz, Jr. & Peter Chatain
NJ
GREENLEA DESTRY RAE
83
86
85
Wayne & Cindee Savage & Richard Green
MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH RR STACEY
86
85
85
Jami Leigh Savage
MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH LIBERTY GABBY
85
82
85
Jami Leigh Savage
MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH ASPEN DARCI-ET
85
85
85
Kelli Ann Welsh
MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH SHAQUILLE ROXY
85
86
85
Savage-Leigh Farm
MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH SHAQ MAZEL-ET
85
81
85
Savage-Leigh Farm & Matt & Kelli Welsh
MD
TOM-ANNA MICHELLE 2160-ET
86
82
85
Tom & Deanna Stamp
MI
END-ROAD MACHINE BECCA-ET
84
86
85
End Road Farm
MI
END-ROAD GRAYBIL MACHA
83
87
85
End Road Farm
MI
END-ROAD AL MONTANA
85
84
85
End Road Farm
MI
B-HIDDENHILLS PADDY 1368-ET
86
86
85
Hidden Hills Dairy
MI
B-HIDDENHILLS DORCY 1405-ET
86
84
85
Hidden Hills Dairy
MI
B-HIDDENHILLS GABOR 1419
86
85
85
Hidden Hills Dairy
MI
WARDIN RUSSELL RITA-ET
86
82
85
Wardin Bros.
MI
CLAYTOP DREAM NAKED
85
83
85
Jeffrey L. Paulen
MI
JO-JO JONAH JOY-RED
86
82
85
Joseph A. Kubacki
MI
OAKFIELD-BRO FRANCESCA-ET
85
82
85
Douglas D. Lemke
WI
CRAVE TOYSTORY WINTER 6172
85
85
85
Crave Brothers Farm LLC
WI
COSTA-VIEW BOLTON 40777
87
84
85
Costa-View Farms
CA
GROSS-FARM 818 MAVE
85
85
85
Norman Gross
MI
GROSS-FARM MILLION ANTONIA
86
85
85
Norman Gross
MI
WELCOME OBSERV CORA-ET
86
85
85
Rock Hill Dairy LLC
NM
S-S-I ROBUST MAGIC 7228-ET
86
85
85
End Road Farm
MI
COSTA-VIEW ALEXANDER 41931
85
87
85
Costa-View Farms
CA
S-S-I BEACON LAROSE 7281-ET
87
86
85
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba
NY
WOODCREST ATWOOD ESTHER-ET
84
87
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
COLSTEIN ATWOOD MEOW MEOW
87
77
85
Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LOCUST-AYR AFTERSHOCK MICKI
86
82
85
Michael R. & Anita L. Haines
MD
FROZENES ADVT ENGLISH-RED
85
83
85
James H. Janes
WI
CADY-LEE LARAMEE PENELOPE
83
82
85
Michelle P. Lee
NY
LOCUST-AYR MILLION AIRE-ET
85
82
85
Michael R. & Anita L. Haines
MD
CRYSTAL-JOY GIBSON FRISBEE
85
84
85
Amy M Stoltzfus
PA
LARS-ACRES RR-MM MM TINA-TW
86
83
85
Riley Miller
WI
POLLACK-VU MILN JOLLY1-8-ET
86
82
85
Pollack-Vu Dairy, LLC
WI
RYAN-VU LAURIN ECLIPSE
86
80
85
Chad & Mark Ryan
WI
RYAN-VU SANCHEZ BOTANY
85
82
85
Chad J. Ryan
WI
STONE-HAUS DRAKE ASHTON
86
87
85
Glen S. Zimmerman
PA
LONG-HAVEN KITE TALIA-TW
85
84
85
Orin J. Engelhardt
MI
PENTUCK MAC MOPSIE
85
85
85
Johnathan Heinsohn
IL
DONWEN DREVIL DOMAIN
87
81
85
Donald R. Wendlandt, Jr.
WI
WIL-O-MAR POTHOLE LAUREL
85
83
85
Wil-O-Mar Farm
MD
KNOTT-RUN CON PENNY-RED
86
81
85
Andrea Vaz
NM
MEYERVILLA SZ SOPHIE RAE-ET
85
82
85
Tyler J. Meyer
WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS MELSINA-ET
87
81
85
Byron & Deborah Stambaugh
MD
PEACE&PLENTY FREEDOM VAN
82
86
85
Richard A. Schwartzbeck
MD
BUDJON LIGHTNING ALLI
82
81
85
Budjon Farms
WI
GREYSTONE MITEY JASMAN
84
83
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
WHITTIER-FARMS SUPR ALEN-ET
83
88
85
The Brown Eye Syndicate
CA
STONE-TD SANCHEZ BLITZ
85
85
85
Templeton Farms LLC
WI
A-SURE-BET ATTIC KELLY
85
85
85
Emily & Tommy Smith
DE
L-MAPLES MONUMENT HELEN
86
80
85
Tom Lyon, Jr.
WI
GLEN-TOCTIN MANO HEIDI
86
82
85
Glen-Toctin Farm
MD
POLLACK-VU SANCHEZ REVERIE
85
84
85
Pollack-Vu Dairy, LLC
WI
RYAN-VU JASPER ARROW-ET
86
81
85
Mark J. Ryan
WI
RYAN-VU LAURIN NADIA
87
82
85
Chad & Mark Ryan
WI
LOCUST-AYR STRLNG MARIE-ET
87
81
85
Michael R. & Anita L. Haines
MD
SAM-SIM TLNT CREME DE CREME
85
83
85
C K Kerrick III & Jerrel Heatwole
DE
MORAM PEARL ESCAL PLENTY
84
84
85
Shaun D. & Betty Jo Hyde
MI
MORAM MISS ESCAL ELSIE
86
82
85
Richard D. & Patricia L. Hyde
MI
BVK ALEXANDER ASHIKA-ET
85
83
85
Francis W. Daniel III
WV
SENLAND GABOR SALAMONA
85
85
85
James P. Senn
WI
GAHMS ASTEROID TYRA
85
85
85
Mackenzie Spears
AR
BRU-DALE SUPER SASHA-ET
87
82
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LOCUST-RIDGE DSTRY MEREDITH
86
84
85
Jamie Arbaugh
MD
MEYERVILLA SANCHEZ ROXXY
86
85
85
Tyler J. Meyer
WI
MEYERVILLA DESTRY TICKL-RED
85
78
85
Tyler J. Meyer
WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS FRTR SHIRLEY
88
83
85
Byron & Deborah Stambaugh
MD
CASS-RIVER DEUCE PRESTIGE
85
85
85
Larry, Ronald & John Keinath
MI
PHEASANT-ECHOS WENDALL-ET
86
83
85
Bud Stambaugh
MD
MD-LOCUSTCREST JULIO PAM
86
83
85
Md-Locust Crest
MD
KELDEAN MATSON ELITE
87
84
85
Dean Michael Davenport
MI
BUDJON-JK MA ELLIOTT
84
82
85
Riley Miller
WI
WA-DEL SUPER BRANDY-ET
87
84
85
Lester C. Jones & Sons, Inc.
MD
WA-DEL SUPER BRISTOL-ET
85
86
85
Rick L. Wadel
PA
BOHNVIEW LAURIN ELECTRA
84
83
85
Aaron Bohn
WI
BOHNVIEW LAURIN ELLYMAE
86
82
85
Daniel Bohn
WI
MS ARIEL FREDDIE ANNA-ET
86
85
85
Sebastien Dion
WI
BELL-STONE AFTERSHOCK TONI
85
82
85
W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore
MD
MORAM MINN DAMION TANSY
85
84
85
Richard D. & Patricia L. Hyde
MI
LOCUST-AYR SSTORM TATER TOT
87
81
85
Ryan Matthew Haines
MD
MISTY-Z SANCHEZ TEMPO
86
82
85
Dale L. Zimmerman
PA
MISTY-Z SANCHEZ EILEEN
86
81
85
Dale L. Zimmerman
PA
WA-DEL ROSS BETHIA-ET
85
83
85
Rick L. Wadel
PA
HEADWATER AVALANCHE PANDORA
85
83
85
Eric Sherman
NY
HEADWATER REDLINER JEZABELL
86
85
85
Eric & Lorelle Sherman
NY
HEADWATER AFRSHOCK JORDACHE
87
82
85
Eric & Lorelle Sherman
NY
INSPIRACRES ABSOLUTE MAISIE
87
83
85
Steve & Sharon Patterson
WI
INSPIRACRES FRNTRNNR LYDIA
86
85
85
Steve & Sharon Patterson
WI
INSPIRACRES SANCHEZ JULIE
85
85
85
Steve & Sharon Patterson
WI
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LOUISA-ET
85
82
85
Glen-Toctin Farm
MD
BROEGE-ACRES DESTRY KRISTIE
86
80
85
Caleb Broege
WI
CADY-LEE BUCKEYE HELLEMINA
87
80
85
Stephen H. & Sally C. Lee
NY
EDEN-VIEW SANCHEZ COKE-ET
85
83
85
Eric Niswander
PA
CADY-LEE DUNDEE CHELSEY
87
78
85
Michelle P. Lee
NY
WA-DEL ROSS MATTIE
86
81
85
Rick L. Wadel
PA
WA-DEL-DH BOOKEM CLAIRE-ET
87
82
85
Darwin Gene Horst & Rick L. Wadel
PA
BUDJON LAURIN ABBOTT-ET
85
80
85
Budjon Farms
WI
MARSH-VUE LB PRECIOUS-RED
86
82
85
Douglas D. Lemke
WI
JERLAND DEB GOGETTER-RED-ET
88
76
85
Rebekah & Miles Schraufnagel
WI
STARWARD BOLTON CARLY
87
82
85
Darwin D. Sneller
MI
STRAWBERRY-ACRES SANC MICA
84
83
85
John, Ann & Barbara Schenning
MD
ROCKY-MOUNT SANCHEZ FINESSE
85
82
85
Parker F. Welch
MD
LIME-VALLEY FROST-ET
86
82
85
Jeff & Dan Liner
WI
MAPLE-ARBOR CRIMSON FLAVIA
86
81
85
Fred D. & Annette L. Prichard
MI
OCEAN-VIEW LL ZANDRA-ET
86
83
85
Kamphuis Farms LLC
WI
CLAYTOP ROSS PEAR-ET
84
85
85
Jeffrey L. Paulen
MI
IA-WILSIM MARY
86
79
85
W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore
MD
SCHWANDT COLBY GWENORA
87
77
85
Robert L. Schwandt, Jr.
WI
CAR-BON ALEXANDER AVERY
86
85
85
Kevin J. Bunkoske
WI
WRT-GIES ADVENT CHER-RED-ET
87
83
85
Gies Farms & D & T Dairy LLC
WI
HAZELS GLDWN HEART-ET
86
83
85
Eben J. Benson
ME
HIL-SURROUND CONTENDER WOW
90
82
85
Jared G. Martin
MD
MAPLEGRAND LHEROS RUTH
86
82
85
Maplegrand Farms
NY
MAPLEGRAND LHEROS ADALINE
86
82
85
Maplegrand Farms
NY
RHYTHM LAURIN KETTLE
85
85
85
Bradley Farms
WI
GOLDFAWN ROCK SELMA-RED
86
85
85
Addison Anne Goldenberg
TX
HEADWATER PHOENIX PUNKY
85
86
85
Eric Sherman
NY
FROZENES LYDON RITZ
85
88
85
Aaron L. Hass
WI
SMITH-CREST MILLER WINNIE
88
81
85
Matt & Travis Smith
WI
GR-ACRES ATWOOD LOVELY
86
85
85
Rebekah Schraufnagel
WI
WILFARMS P KNOWLEDGE DESIE
86
85
85
Carson Acres LLC
MI
D-L-BENNETT ATLANTIC JINNA
87
82
85
Lawson D. Bennett
MI
D-L-BENNETT R ROYCE TRIXY
84
82
85
Lawson D. Bennett
MI
MS BENNETT ATLANTIC ANGEL
87
81
85
D. D. L. & D. Bennett & Tyler DeWeerd
MI
MISTY-Z BRONCO TARGET
87
83
85
Dale L. Zimmerman
PA
COCALICO SHOTTLE AVERY-ET
85
82
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
REED-ELI SSDEUCE AVENGA-RED
86
85
85
Elizabeth Reed
MI
COCALICO SHOTTLE MAGGIE
83
84
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
MISS SUMMER BUNNY-ET
85
80
85
Brett Hildebrandt
WI
COCALICO DAMION JOLEE-TW
82
85
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
COCALICO MAC ASHLYN
85
85
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
COCALICO SHOTTLE PIPER
86
83
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
NINE-CEES BALTIMOR PARK
87
80
85
Nine Cees Dairy
WI
JORICH-WAY BURNS IRIS
85
77
85
Richard E. Schulz
WI
JORICH-WAY LHEROS RHEA
86
83
85
Richard E. Schulz
WI
JORICH-WAY BALTIMOR RAINBOW
88
77
85
Richard E. Schulz
WI
MORAM SHASTA SANCHEZ PIZA
86
82
85
Shaun D. Hyde
MI
MAPLE-NOOK JACKSON FLIER
86
81
85
Maple-Nook Holsteins
NY
COCALICO DUNDEE CANDY
82
86
85
Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr
PA
KMH PURE GOLD MEMORY
85
82
85
Brian Edward Rohloff
WI
CHANDALE-D DURHAM SANDY-ET
86
83
85
Gary M. & Crystal Annie Dell
MD
SERB ZACH SANCHEZ BUZBY
86
82
85
Lyle Allen
ME
MOLLY-MAE FANCY CANDY
85
86
85
Adam Hoff
TX
WEA-LAND GOLDWN NAKIESHA-ET
85
82
85
Michael J. Garrow
NY
JORICH-WAY BOXER ILA
85
85
85
Adam J. & Jennifer E. Bertz
WI
RAGGI ATWOOD TONYA-ET
85
87
85
Nicholas John Raggi
MD
HARGRAVE PRONTO 743
86
79
85
Chelsea A. Hargrave
NY
WILLOW-BROOK FIN CUT DROPS
85
83
85
Laurie B. W. Koneck
WI
WILLOW-BROOK GENEVA SAL
87
81
85
Kurt Koneck
WI
CAMPSIDE MATSON 112
90
82
85
W. Ray Halteman
MD
VALENTIA OUTBOUND LULU
83
85
85
Earl B., Jr. & Keitha F. Grove
MD
CHAN-LEE AL GLASALLY-ET
87
77
85
Charles L. & Anne B. Lethbridge
MD
CHAN-LEE SHAMPOO GLENDELTA
85
83
85
Charles L. & Anne B. Lethbridge
MD
HUN-VAL AFTERSHOCK AMY-ET
85
82
85
Dempsey Farms
DE
BRUINS-DALE BLVA DIAMOND-TW
86
83
85
Byron W. Bruins
WI
GREENLEA DES MAE-RED
85
82
85
Erin E. Corbett
MD
ALL-RIEHL AL PIE-ET
86
82
85
Dale E. Niswander
PA
NORTHERN-GLO REAL SILLY
87
80
85
Scott E. Hamilton
NY
TRI-DEE-KR DURHAM CORA-ET
87
82
85
W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR LAURIN LIZA-ET
85
83
85
Logan E. Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR LIGHTNING ELECTRA
85
84
85
Logan E. Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR SANCHEZ DOROTHY
85
81
85
Leslie Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR PRO ELSA MAE
87
81
85
Jeffery F. Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR PRO DORADOO
85
83
85
W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore
MD
FRAN-BAR PRO ROMILEE
86
84
85
Jeffery F. Moore
MD
HASS-ACRES MIRANDA-ET
86
84
85
Aaron L. Hass
WI
PENTA-PAT COLT ADRIA
85
85
85
Michael D. Patrick
MD
JANESTEAD SENSATION CARA
85
82
85
James H. Janes
WI
JC-KOW RUSSEL JULIE
85
81
85
JC-Kow Farms LLC
WI
BRECAR CARUSO ASHLEY
87
80
85
Brett Bruins
WI
CIRCLE-F LIGHTNING WISIA
86
82
85
Allan L. Friend
NY
SOLID-GOLD SHOTTL ESKIMO-ET
87
84
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
SWEET-WILLOW JAYZ ELM
87
83
85
Scott E. Hamilton
NY
VIETHSONS BOLIVER PANSY
85
84
85
Jerry Vieth
TX
FOREST-RIDGE MARLA MAPLES
85
85
85
Kurt & Sarah Loehr
WI
FOREST-RIDGE MONA LISA-ET
84
85
85
Kurt & Sarah Loehr
WI
NORDIC-RIDGE AFTER GLORY
85
81
85
Les Frere Syndicate
WI
OVERSIDE AFTERSHOCK HALEY
85
84
85
Joseph & Hidde Osinga
TX
WALK-ERA SANCHEZ JENNAH
83
85
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
WALK-ERA DUNDEE ALBA
84
85
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
WALK-ERA LRN MOTTO
85
83
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
WALK-ERA AFTERSHOCK OMLET
88
85
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
WALK-ERA SHOTT SUNRAY-ET
85
87
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
LE-O-LA SUPER ELLEN-ET
86
82
85
Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer
IA
REGANCREST DOMAIN CINDER-ET
86
83
85
Wargo Acres
WI
REGANCREST-BH O GALLORY-ET
86
83
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
LUCK-E ADVENT BERETTA
85
84
85
Joseph M. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE MILLY
85
83
85
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON BUBBLY
85
83
85
Joseph M. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ADVENT KATESHA-ET
87
82
85
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ADVENT KATERRA-ET
85
85
85
Matt L. Engel
IL
MILGENE ROY SHANAE
86
80
85
Cindy L. Krull
WI
SPRUCE-HAVEN SPR BS11998-ET
85
82
85
Spruce-Haven Farm
NY
CHRIS-DA DESTRY 350
82
85
85
LaVern & Cheryl Davis
WI
STRAUSSDALE AS GEMMA-ET
83
83
85
Straussdale Holsteins LLC
WI
STRAUSSDALE ATWOOD JULIET
88
78
85
Straussdale Holsteins LLC
WI
MAPLE-NOOK SHAQ TASTIC-ET
87
83
85
Maple-Nook Holsteins
NY
MNH-RF SHOTTLE ERICA-ET
86
83
85
John Zeh, James R. Putman & Lauri L. Beggs
NY
MAPLE-NOOK LAURIN BRIEN
86
82
85
Maple-Nook Holsteins
NY
LANGS-TWIN-B CASE-ET
86
85
85
Keith A. Nettekoven
WI
HILLTOP-LLC SHOTTLE 4555
85
82
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4575-TW
85
85
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOWMAN 4584
85
78
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC OSCAR 4596
85
84
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC SANCHEZ 4599
84
83
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
SPEEK-NJ DESTRY RUFFI-ET
86
82
85
Neil McDonah
WI
AMES-WAY-NM SHOTLE VICTORIA
86
82
85
Paul & Sarah Trapp & Neil McDonah
WI
VIEW-HOME IZZY 19296-1
84
85
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
LJP ACE ROXY
85
85
85
Louis J. Palmatary & Sons
MD
KEVREL SANCHEZ MELODY-ET
83
85
85
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
PENN-GATE C FORTUNE-RED-ET
85
84
85
Bradley Hoffman
PA
ALAMANA JADE
90
75
85
L. Alan Lobdell
NY
BEAVER-FLATS ADVENT CAN-ET
87
84
85
Lauryn Dana
NY
VIEW-HOME COKE 19197-1
84
82
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
VIEW-HOME BRADELL FAITH
84
85
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
VIEW-HOME EXPLODE MORISSA
85
83
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
VIEW-HOME DIXIE 13883-3
84
82
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
VIEW-HOME EUREKA PARTY
85
83
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
VIEW-HOME DOMAIN VICTORIA
84
85
85
Country Dairy, Inc.
MI
ELM-SPRING AFTERSHCK CALLY
85
85
85
Dempsey Farms
DE
PIERCE-VALE MAC RAIZEL-ET
86
82
85
Pierce-Vale Farms LLC
WI
MORNINGVIEW SUPER ELLIE-ET
87
85
85
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
BURLEDGE SOCRATES PREMIER
86
86
85
Ray & Rae Nell Halbur
WI
BURLEDGE JASPER TRUMP
86
81
85
Ray, Rae Nell & Joseta Halbur
WI
STONE-FRONT MAC CORONA
85
85
85
Tom Lyon, Jr.
WI
STONE-FRONT FRUN AZURE-RED
86
82
85
Tom Lyon, Jr.
WI
STONE-FRONT MAC CASHEW
85
85
85
Tom Lyon, Jr.
WI
COLDSPRINGS SHOTTLE 3888-ET
86
83
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS MYRON 3895
87
82
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS RUDY 3896
85
82
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS FLYER 3934
86
84
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS TEMPTATION 3953
87
81
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
PALMYRA M-O-M MANHATTAN-ET
86
82
85
Ryan Shank & Chris & Jenneifer Hill
MD
MINSU JASPER JAZZY-ET
86
82
85
Stephen J. Reed
MI
M-6 SANCHEZ BLUE-ET
85
79
85
Megan Marie Meyer
OK
CROIX-LINE SERENA CRI-ET
87
80
85
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
MS WELCOME MM LULITA CRI-ET
86
82
85
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
LOCUST-VALE STRLNG STEAMER
85
84
85
Wilmer L. & Vera C. Peachey
NY
BLUE-GENE ROGER REBA
88
78
85
Homer Bushey
NY
BLUE-GENE JASPER JILL-ET
85
81
85
Eugene M. Poirier
NY
BLUE-GENE SHOTTLE SHANIA-ET
85
85
85
Eugene M. Poirier
NY
BLUE-GENE AFFIRM ALICE
86
83
85
Eugene M. Poirier
NY
BLUE-GENE AFTERSHOCK ALEEN
85
83
85
Eugene M. Poirier
NY
LADYS-MANOR ALAN Z MARIA
85
87
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR AFTR RASPBERRY
85
82
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR GOLD LEXEE-ET
85
82
85
Katelyn Iager
MD
RICKLAND TIME 3446-TW
86
82
85
Rickert Brothers LLC
WI
WOODCREST APPRENTICE 20068
87
82
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
WOODCREST CHRYSLER 20079
86
79
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
WOODCREST FORK 20126
87
87
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
WOODCREST KRUSE 20132
86
84
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
BUR-RODZ BOLTON PRINCESS
85
83
85
Rodney A. Zietlow
WI
HEINZE BALTIMORE TALLY
85
83
85
Mark T. Heinze
WI
JB-GLENVAL AL AFRICA-ET
85
83
85
Jason M. & Donna G. Myers
MD
BENNETCH SANCHEZ ADALYN-ET
83
78
85
Matthew B. Bennetch
PA
BENNETCH MOM LADY
87
82
85
Stony-Run Farm
PA
TROMBLEY-DAIRY BOLTON BETTY
83
86
85
Russell R. Trombley
NY
TROMBLEY-DAIRY MATSON MEGAN
84
85
85
Russell R. Trombley
NY
TROMBLEY-DAIRY DAMION DELLA
85
81
85
Russell R. Trombley
NY
CARSON-ACRES MOSCOW CREST
85
82
85
Carson Acres LLC
MI
CARSON-ACRES GRAYBILL CARO
86
81
85
Carson Acres LLC
MI
ROB-SARA AD LUSCIOUS-RED-ET
85
86
85
Catlin E. Christman
MD
ROB-SARA SHOTTLE PATIENCE
85
85
85
Robert L. Emerson II
DE
TWIN-RIVER SHYSTER ARIZONA
85
85
85
Todd A. Hayton
NY
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER KAHLUA
85
81
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
CO-OP MD LANI-ET
86
85
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI MAC BUMBLE
86
79
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI PATIAN-ET
86
82
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI MAN-O-MAN PENI-ET
85
85
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER GIA
85
85
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER GIFT
83
82
85
Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.
WI
HOEK-TEX BEDFORD 5546
85
84
85
Gerard Hoekman
TX
JNP-ATH-MOR SSI SBN 5328-ET
86
85
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
JO-ENG DURAN 6093 107
86
84
85
Matthew Borchardt
IL
ARSENAL CNTNDR DIZZY-RED-ET
86
85
85
Patrick S Youse
MD
MD-MRK-OVF DETROIT CELIA-ET
85
85
85
Oakland View Farms LLC
MD
FRONT-PAGE DAMION JELLYBEAN
87
82
85
Lucas Edelburg
WI
CONANT-ACRES ATWOD PEONY-ET
88
81
85
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-ACRES SANCHEZ BROOK
86
82
85
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
CONANT-GROVES SANCHEZ SASHA
87
82
85
Conant Acres, Inc.
ME
SELLCREST CATHY-RED
87
80
85
Gary Sell
WI
SELLCREST ADVENT MAIDEN-RED
86
79
85
Andrew Sell
WI
SELLCREST JONAH LILA-RED
85
82
85
Allen & Shirley Sell
WI
WOODLAWN SHOTTLE DARLA
86
82
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
WARGO-ACRES HELPER
86
81
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES CLARABELLE
83
85
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES HICCUP
86
81
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES COLBY
85
82
85
Wargo Acres
WI
CO-OP UPD GOLDWYN 4006
84
83
85
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
CO-OP UPD REESE 4143
85
85
85
Genesis Cooperative Herd
WI
LORITA TIME DOTTY
86
78
85
Durrer Dairy
CA
LORITA BOSSMAN SELA
85
82
85
Durrer Dairy
CA
O-C-S-DAIRY JAN TWINKIE
87
82
85
Annie Catherine Dell
MD
JONS-OWN BAXTER BUTTON
86
83
85
Jon Schoenike
WI
HOGAN-TEX GABOR 3168
86
80
85
Double H Dairy
TX
PINE-TREE DORCY ALEXA II-ET
83
82
85
Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.
ID
STOLTZFUS FINEST SUE
85
85
85
Timothy R Kerrick
DE
VO-MI CADET 843
85
83
85
Mark Vossekuil
WI
KINGSMILL TNKERTOY SCAR-RED
86
85
85
Glen S. Zimmerman
PA
NELDELL ALEXANDER 2103
85
86
85
Neldell Farms LLC
WI
WESTPHALIA ZENITH EXAMPLE
87
79
85
Charles A. Westphal
WI
WESTPHALIA SS TORNADO
84
84
85
Charles A. Westphal
WI
WESTPHALIA SANCHEZ EMINENCE
87
78
85
Charles A. Westphal
WI
WESTPHALIA ALEXANDER HECTIC
85
83
85
Dustin C. Westphal
WI
MS WESTPHALIA SANCHZ MONICA
86
84
85
Austin Moucha
WI
LEASEWAY SANCHEZ AUTUMN
86
82
85
Derek Lease
MD
LEASEWAY ALEXANDER MINAJ
85
87
85
Md-Locust Crest
MD
GOLDEN-OAKS PLANET 5310-TW
85
84
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS AS CHANEL-ET
85
75
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
JMK GABOR 9680
85
85
85
John Koster
TX
HURTGENLEA DOMAIN BILLI JO
86
82
85
Hurtgenlea Holsteins Ltd
WI
BULLDOG ATLANTIC PATTI
85
86
85
Bulldog Holsteins
MD
BULLDOG ADVENT MAYA-ET
85
85
85
Shelby Iager
MD
MD-MAPLE-LAWN MITCH REBEL
85
86
85
Michael C., Matthew E. & Mark E. Iager
MD
MD-MAPLE-LAWN BRAXTON PIPER
81
86
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
KRULL-CK JOHAN ROXY-RED
86
81
85
Travis J. Meyers
WI
LINDALE FORTUNE ANDREA
83
86
85
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
LINDALE ABSOLUTE PLEASURE
85
85
85
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
LINDALE MR MINISTER FORTUNE
85
82
85
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
MISS MILLION KIKI
85
83
85
Jeff Drendel
IL
SHERONA-HILL-JH FIDELE
85
83
85
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
DE-URFEE JAVA KATAMAKUNDA
86
85
85
Nathan Durfee
NY
LARS-ACRES PLANET TRICKER
85
82
85
Larson Acres, Inc.
WI
LARS-ACRES GRAYBIL FRITZIE
82
85
85
Luke E Trustem
WI
LARS-ACRES MAN TICKET-ET
84
83
85
Larson Acres, Inc.
WI
LARS-ACRES PRINCE IRA
85
84
85
Larson Acres, Inc.
WI
FIRSTGLANCE GW ROSALIE-ET
87
83
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
KINGSMILL DUSK ADDISON-ET
83
88
85
Jesse Braun
NY
ROB-SARA SANCHEZ SILVER
84
84
85
Robert L. Emerson II
DE
ROB-SARA REALITY KIT-RED
84
88
85
Nicole Myers
MD
WELK-SHADE AFTRSHOCK KAY-ET
86
85
85
Robert L. Emerson
DE
KRULLCREST SUPER GIDGET-ET
85
86
85
Jeff & Dan Liner
WI
LINERWAY BOWSER CHA-CHA-ET
86
83
85
Jeff & Dan Liner
WI
GOTTA-HAVE SUPER CHEDDAR
86
83
85
Scott J Munes
WI
HYLIGHT ROLLING STONE 665
86
85
85
Hy-Light Farms, LLC
NY
WARMKA ADKIN 1161
85
85
85
Erik, Carrie, Brad & Danielle Warmka
WI
TEX-STEIN DREAM JEMMA
88
82
85
Chad Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN ONYX MELVINIQUI
85
85
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN LUZ
87
85
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN COLBY KASIE
85
86
85
Gavin Steinberger
TX
TEX-STEIN MASTER REKEISHA
85
86
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN DAYZHAUNAE
86
83
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN SANCHEZ ALEX
85
83
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN AIDAN
86
83
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN GW ATWOOD CHELSEY
86
86
85
Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.
TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR BRIEANNA
86
86
85
Chad Steinberger
TX
GOFF PLANET 36061
85
83
85
Buster I. Goff
NM
GOFF SHOT 36527
85
83
85
Buster I. Goff
NM
GOFF LARIAT 36998
85
85
85
Buster I. Goff
NM
MAVIEW KAIT JASPER-ET
85
85
85
Charles A. Westphal
WI
DUCKETT-BH ATWOOD SAM-ET
85
82
85
Rock Hill Dairy LLC
NM
FARNEAR-BH JEEVES BRAZIL-ET
86
85
85
Earlen Farms Ltd.
LEGENDHOLM-N ANATOLA-ET
85
85
85
Eddie Bue & Norman Nabholz
WI
FLICKSTEAD MORACCO 1519
88
81
85
D. Richard Flickinger
MD
FLICKSTEAD BOXER 1531
86
83
85
D. Richard Flickinger
MD
FLICKSTEAD EXPLODE 1546
87
79
85
D. Richard Flickinger
MD
MDF TIME 3160
86
81
85
Mason Dairy Farm LLC
OK
MDF AFTERSHOCK 3181
83
85
85
Mason Dairy Farm LLC
OK
WEBB-VUE GABOR VERONICA
87
85
85
Robert A. Webb
WI
ROSSDALE FLYER 131
90
76
85
Andrew T. Schantz
NY
ROSSDALE SHOTTLE 142
86
82
85
Andrew T. Schantz
NY
NELSON-MILL 1227 931
85
86
85
Walter Rutledge
MD
NELSON-MILL ALAN 943
86
82
85
Walter Rutledge
MD
KULP-DALE DES LAROSE-RED-ET
86
83
85
James M. Meyer
WI
NEHLS-VALLEY ALEX MICHELLE
83
85
85
Shawn Nehls
WI
NEHLS-VALLEY ATLANTIC ANGEL
86
82
85
Shawn & Seth Nehls
WI
ARB-FLO-SPR HEFTY GEEGEE
87
82
85
J. Steven Arbaugh
MD
SUGAR-C PAGEWIRE 4068
85
82
85
Sugar Creek Dairy
WI
SUGAR-C LENNOX 4070
85
83
85
Sugar Creek Dairy
WI
BRITE-SIDE GOLD PROPER-ET
85
83
85
Sugar Creek Dairy, LLC & Nate Janssen
WI
WELK-SHADE ATWOOD KOKO-ET
85
85
85
Walk-Era Farms, Inc.
WI
WELK-SHADE ATWOOD KYLEE-ET
85
83
85
Alli Walker
WI
CHRIS-DA GRACELAND 351
85
86
85
LaVern & Cheryl Davis
WI
GENESEE-HILL BOGART MAE-ET
82
86
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
COOK-LANE CLINTN MOCHALATTE
83
87
85
Kylene Cook Anderson
WI
TCG-KM CASSINO ENDLESS-ET
85
83
85
Andy Vaz, Scott Babek & Brian Frisch
NM
HILMAR FREDDIE 4068
84
86
85
Hilmar Holsteins, Inc.
CA
BENNETT-FARMS FINALCUT ROSS
86
83
85
Todd A. Hayton
NY
MISS-LONG-GREEN CELESTE
86
86
85
Joseph W. Osinga
TX
KINGSMILL SANCHEZ TOSHA-ET
83
82
85
Conner Hill
AR
RUBI-SWEET LATHAM KENDRA
85
83
85
Marvin Rubingh
MI
H-KLEE FARM LARGENT CORRECT
88
84
85
Klee Farms
MI
MS LAKOTA RAES LIVIA-ET
85
82
85
Erinwood Gen., Select Gen. & Tom Mercuro
NY
ERINWOOD-TM GOLD DANAE-ET
84
83
85
Davis & Richard Schwartzbeck & Mike Heath
MD
GEN-ACE NIAGRA KEENDRA 5903
83
82
85
Jim, Bill & Andrew Genasci
CA
GEN-ACE PONTIAC GREAT 5904
86
82
85
Ed, Jim & Bill Genasci
CA
MD-CEDAR-KNOLL SANCHEZ 325
85
83
85
Cedar Knoll Farms
MD
ENSENADA BOULDER PERSIST-ET
86
82
85
Joshua D. & David A. Bishop
PA
PLUSHANSKI SEBASTION FARBEE
86
82
85
Daniel A. Brandt
PA
ROB-SARA JASPER BARBIE-ET
86
83
85
Gregory Warren Knutsen
DE
MS CRANEHILL DOMAIN DIVA-ET
86
82
85
Sugar Creek Dairy
WI
BEAVER-FLATS LIGHT POSSIBLE
87
78
85
Jeffrey D. Dana
NY
BEAVER-FLATS ATWD COTTEN-ET
85
86
85
Jeffrey D. Dana
NY
POTTERS-FIELD PNG K12019-ET
86
82
85
Potter Farm LLC
NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN ATW BJ12230-ET
87
82
85
Spruce-Haven Farm
NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN SUPR K12232-ET
86
82
85
Spruce-Haven Farm
NY
WARGO-ACRES KNOWLEDGE JODIE
85
83
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-N-JD DORIS-ET
86
82
85
Craig Carncross & Jason Danhof
WI
WARGO-ACRES MARGARITA
86
82
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES DAMION NACHO
83
85
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES VICTORIA
85
83
85
Wargo Acres
WI
WARGO-ACRES AUDREY 1097
85
82
85
Wargo Acres
WI
EVANGELO SANCHEZ JULIE
86
80
85
Jason Evangelo
CA
LADYS-MANOR DRCY DALANEY-ET
87
83
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR AMAZING TOPAZ
86
83
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR GINGERBREAD-TW
86
83
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR BIG TIME DEB
87
82
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR DRCY DELANEY-ET
86
86
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR PADDY TOPAZ
84
88
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR JAKE PUTZ
86
83
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR SUPER SHAWNEE
88
79
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR BRAXTON ABBY
87
81
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR DORA SUMMER-ET
86
84
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
MAYERLANE LOOKING GOOD
84
86
85
Darren M. Kamphuis
WI
KAY-BEN JASPER LIVIE
85
81
85
Eben J. Benson
ME
KAY-BEN TARTINI ADINE
88
79
85
Kay-Ben Holsteins
ME
FRONT-PAGE MIAMI SHINE
86
83
85
Gary & Patty Edelburg
WI
ASKEW-JANES MAC RITA
85
83
85
James H. Janes
WI
JANESTEAD JASPER JEWEL
87
80
85
James H. Janes
WI
HILLTOP-LLC SANCHEZ 4604
88
83
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC LIGHTNING 4660
85
85
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC TALENT 4665
86
81
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4705
85
85
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
HILLTOP-LLC IMPRESSION 4728
85
82
85
Hilltop Dairy LLC
WI
LMY DEANN DARLA
86
86
85
Newell C. Rawlings
MI
KAMPY LAURIN JACKLYNN
85
85
85
Kamphuis Farms LLC
WI
HARMONY-HO DAMION QUAHOG
83
85
85
Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.
WI
HARMONY-HO SANCHEZ QUIGLEY
88
83
85
Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.
WI
HARMONY-HO KOLTON QUINTO
87
82
85
Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.
WI
HARMONY-HO LAURIN QUAXO
83
85
85
Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.
WI
HARMONY-HO SANCHEZ Q-TIP
87
85
85
Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.
WI
ROPUT CHAMPION LISA
86
83
85
James R. Putman
NY
BER-SHER EXPLO ROBERTA RY
86
83
85
Owen, Brant & Damion Bontekoe
MI
ZIMS-HILLS SHOTGUN SHELBY
85
82
85
Steven Zimdars
WI
JAZZY-D SANCHEZ LORALIE
86
86
85
Diana Zimdars
WI
ZIMS-HILLS ALERT ELLEN
86
81
85
Steven Zimdars
WI
LORITA TOYSTORY SAPPHIRE
86
83
85
Durrer Dairy
CA
VALLEY-DRIVE SANCHEZ ALIYAH
87
83
85
Valley-Drive Holsteins LLC
WI
VALLEY-DRIVE SANCHEZ BOLERO
85
85
85
Valley-Drive Holsteins LLC
WI
EHRHARDT LAIDEN CINDY-TW
87
81
85
Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.
MD
EHRHARDT GOLDWYN BETH-ET
87
83
85
Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.
MD
CHRISLEACRES LT MARGARITA
86
82
85
Valerie C. Kramer
WI
COLDSPRINGS DESMOND 4064
86
82
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS DESMOND 4080
86
84
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS MILLION 4083
86
81
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS SUPER 4087
86
81
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS GABOR 4146
87
78
85
Ian A. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS BRONCO 4158
84
82
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS BRONCO 4163
86
81
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS LIGHTNING 4177
85
83
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS SHAKA 4188
84
84
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
COLDSPRINGS PLANET 4246
86
79
85
Matthew M. Hoff
MD
HEINZE LAVANGUARD JUNE
85
81
85
Mark T. Heinze
WI
HEINZE ALEXANDER TOTUM
83
85
85
Mark T. Heinze
WI
HEINZE PROMAR 2156
86
81
85
Mark T. Heinze
WI
MEY-VILLA LAURIN RIPPLE
86
82
85
Bernard M. Meyer
WI
MEY-VILLA MAC FRESNO-TW
85
84
85
Jerome E. Meyer
WI
MEY-VILLA MAC FRISCO-TW
83
85
85
Jerome E. Meyer
WI
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FOUNTAIN
86
83
85
Jerome D. Meyer
WI
MEY-VILLA BRAXTON RIZZLE
86
83
85
Bernard M. Meyer
WI
DINOMI DOMAIN STACY
87
78
85
Vincent Migliazzo
CA
PEACE&PLENTY SANCHEZ EBBIE
85
83
85
Joseph A. Schwartzbeck
MD
UNITED-PRIDE FREDDIE 4367
87
85
85
United Pride Dairy
WI
GOFF LARIAT 37380
86
82
85
Buster I. Goff
NM
CHA-LIZ JAVA 6417
85
82
85
Cha-Liz Farm LLC
NY
JMK SHAMPOO 9726
87
84
85
John Koster
TX
SWIGGUM MY SPACE CRICKET
85
81
85
Erik Leif Swiggum
WI
ARTIE-JAY ALEXIS DAMION
86
83
85
Arthur R. Johnson, Jr.
MD
KEVREL MANOMAN MAY-ET
84
83
85
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
PALMYRA MUFFIN SAPHIRE
85
83
85
Ryan William Shank
MD
KA-DA ATLANTIC 77
86
82
85
Kainer Dairy
TX
ARB-FLO-SPR ABS RALEIGH-RED
86
83
85
Aryn Arbaugh
MD
BUR-RODZ BOXER EBONI
86
78
85
Rodney A. Zietlow
WI
GOLDCREST MICHAEL CYBIL-ET
86
83
85
Corwin R. Holtz
NY
SUTTON ADVENT EMMY
86
79
85
Jillian Sutton
MD
TULIP-POND BEN LINDSEY
86
83
85
Cathleen Doody
MD
LINDALE JASPER FEODORA
85
84
85
Dale & Linda Drendel
IL
FARNEAR DOMAIN ZDALLAS-ET
88
79
85
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
FARNEAR DOMAIN ZDAYTON-ET
87
83
85
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
FARNEAR GOLDEN LOVESTAR-ET
86
84
85
Rick & Tom Simon
IA
GOLDEN-OAKS SUPER DAISY-ET
86
82
85
Aaron L. Hass
WI
GOLDEN-OAKS GOLD CHARAE-ET
85
84
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS ALEXANDER CADEE
84
85
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS CHRISTMAS-ET
87
82
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
GOLDEN-OAKS MADISON-ET
86
82
85
Golden Oaks Farm
IL
VIETHSONS BOLTON PEG HENNY
85
86
85
Jerry Vieth
TX
VIETHSONS TOYSTORY PEG BABY
86
84
85
Jerry Vieth
TX
SIEMERS DURHAM FEARLES-ET
86
82
85
James L. Behling
WI
FRONTIER POTO BRIGID-TW
85
84
85
Frontier Dairy
MT
WEBB-VUE BOLTON MERRITT
85
83
85
Robert A. Webb
WI
GEN-ACE LOU CANDY 6045
84
83
85
Genasci Dairy, Inc.
CA
GEN-ACE SANCHEZ KATY 6147
85
83
85
Andrew Genasci
CA
LUCK-E CONTENDER AREASHA
85
84
85
Matt L. Engel
IL
HOEK-TEX ADVANTAGE 6074-RED
86
85
85
Gerard Hoekman
TX
STAR-ROCK GABOR 6276
84
85
85
Star Rock Farms
PA
RAG-MER MIRABELLA-RED-ET
85
85
85
Nick Raggi & Tom Mercuro
MD
DURCHAN DIVINE MS DIVA-ET
86
82
85
Kingstead Farms & Tom Mercuro
MD
MIGLIAZZO DOMAIN RALEY
87
82
85
Migliazzo & Sons Dairy
CA
NOR-BERT FREDDIE MAY-ET
82
88
85
Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer
IA
STONE-FRONT TANNENBAUM
86
87
85
Andrew Jay & Lynette E. Buttles
WI
STONE-FRONT DIGGER CHRIS
85
87
85
Andrew Jay & Lynette E. Buttles
WI
DE-URFEE EXQUISITE EQUITY
86
82
85
Steven & Daniel Durfee
NY
VAZDALE CASHMAN TABRIA
82
86
85
Andrea Vaz
NM
T-C-G REBEL-RED-ET
85
82
85
Triple Crown Genetics
ID
FRAN-BAR AFTERSHOCK ALEA
86
84
85
W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore
MD
SEAGULL-BAY DOMAIN CALY-ET
86
79
85
Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.
ID
WINDSOR-MANOR Z SPICE
85
82
85
D. Richard Flickinger
MD
WINDSOR-MANOR SAN ZEEVA-ET
88
83
85
Joseph A. Schwartzbeck
MD
MAR-LINDA-K DAMION JILETTE
86
76
85
Nicole K. Wright
WI
P-ZBW SANCHZ MS TRINITY-ET
85
83
85
Kevin Ziemba & Joseph Piskorowski
NY
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TAMARA-ET
83
84
85
Kevin Ziemba & Joseph Piskorowski
NY
ST-JACOB SANCHEZ HOLLAND-ET
86
81
85
Green & Gold Syndicate
NJ
WARGO-ACRES MILLION 1111
86
85
85
Wargo Acres
WI
STAR-ROCK AFTERSHOCK 6435
87
82
85
Star Rock Farms
PA
SUM-R-SETT OBS MIRROR-ET
87
83
85
Ladys Manor LLC
MD
LADYS-MANOR ASHMORE MARILYN
86
83
85
Eliza Freeman
MD
ZBW LAURIN ARIEL-ET
83
85
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
ZBW DESTRY APRICOT
86
76
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
HOLLY-BROOKS TDEE RONNI-ET
85
82
85
Woodcrest Dairy LLC
NY
BRUNLAND SANCHEZ DAKOTA
86
79
85
Kristen & Jenna Broege
WI
HAR-DEE ADVENT EVE-RED-ET
85
81
85
Lindsay S. Mitchell
TX
MY-STYLE AFTSHOCK ZEBRA-ET
85
82
85
Robert C & Joyce Ringler Hoffman
PA
ROSEDALE COST OF FREEDOM
85
82
85
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE GHETTO CAT
86
82
85
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE HOPELESS ROMANTIC
86
80
85
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
ROSEDALE OH MY DUECE
88
81
85
Rosedale Genetics Ltd
WI
AARDEMA GARRETT 86374
86
82
85
Double A Dairy
ID
ZIM-FAM ACME DAWN
86
83
85
Zimdars Family Farm
WI
WIERSMA DESTRY ANNETTE
85
88
85
Jacob Wiersma
TX
* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire
Robust stands out as the definite leader of this group for efficiency. Ranked second with overall high ratings for all categories is Observer.
Canadian Proven Sires
Table 5 contains the top ten sires with Canadian daughter proofs.
|îs'MSy%)Y²µµÁêê5ÕË*w×¢(¢Ùl233CYæF²L4LÌÌÌÐn·!+Åã'IÂh4"n¿ývÍ6Á«W¯²¹¹ jNªtÒXQÿ·ü]É=3üÜüü<ï}ï{yßûÞÇìì,£Ñ<ÏU£ |Ü¿ôþSþ"ÐÐø6î~ÕÐÐÐ�ÖÖÖùw ü «×¯ç9ÑDäÑeYFfäYeIeÕ¬"jÑ(ÄoÉAQäÄQÄd2&MÒ4U1'Iòð;ÞÁú?A«ÕâW^Á
Æ8î»ï~¬o¬ãÚµëØÝÙ6¥jK>cî1µ¾O â8Ñh4å9ýþêvå͹c]µíÐ9A7gÏÅý÷ßý^M²v³ª�ù_Ò9íßÐ1âBèõz¸té"Ò4C«ÝÁɧ°¼4gëæã ó°/¥ýõ½ëqÈ@A]Îï"}ð§¼ý/¡öíÿoÛ I
A?ÏÉýûp ëc+î²ít:7¸aß».ýþàH;A»nJ¥B£Q'Ïs676è´:lmn²µ½n§MQäôû=N:I³éÚ*z½N§[ºfã,ÂPV«Õ¨V«ÔjuØiÔH<×øPkJ$µzJµÊ.õP~#:«µ¹¯e û �dÌollãdc G/¼ë®»4ÚS»²ÃçÜîãÏÔ¸ëÉ
* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire
AltaRazor handily comes to the top of this group with high ratings for fat yield, SCS, herd life and mammary. Chelios stands out for his ratings for SCS, daughter fertility, herd life and mammary.
Dairy cattle breeders want different results from their herds. Here at The Bullvine we highly recommend that breeders have a plan or strategy for how they select (Read more: What’s the plan?) and also cull. The cows we have today differ greatly from what existed even forty years ago. Holsteins have superior udders, Jerseys give more milk. One important factor that all breeders are attempting to turn around is early culling for both genetic and management reasons. With high rearing costs it is no long financially wise to raise a heifer only to cull her before she has paid for her rearing costs. It can be that the heifer is not truly profitable until she is milking in her third lactation. To order to provide breeders with some insight The Bullvine decided to do some investigation into Productive Life (PL).
Productive Life – What’s In It?
When a cow reaches twelve years of age, the facts are accurately known on her productivity over her lifetime. For an older proven bull, once his daughters reach their third lactation we have very good indication of how long lived his daughters will be. But in our fast paced breeding world we do not have actual results to rank heifers, young sires or even bulls with only early first crop proofs on their genetic ability to live long productive lives. What is done is that an animal’s genetic indexes for traits like SCS, reproduction, udders and feet & legs are used to estimate a PL index. The inclusion of genomic analysis in the calculation has resulted in the reliability for these indexes to increase to almost 60% from pre-genomics when they were less than 30%. Since so many factors, both genetic and non-genetic, affect longevity it will never be 100% accurate. However, on a population basis 60%, is a great stride forward.
What Bull Proofs Tell Us.
We found interesting results when we studied the top twenty-five PL daughter proven USA A.I. bulls from the December 2013 genetic index listings (USDA-CDCB and Holstein USA).
Table 1 – Averages for Top 25 Dec ’13 Daughter Proven A.I. Sires
These averages are different than we would have expected them to be. They are a much different group than the top 25 TPI™ or NM$ proven sires. They stand out by siring daughters that, on average, stay in the herd 6.7 months longer than the norm. That’s 2/3 of a lactation longer. They are positive but not high for milk, fat and protein. It was nice to see that they excel for SCS and DPR. (Read more: FACT VS. FANTASY: A Realistic Approach to Sire Selection)It is interesting to see that these bulls’ daughters have the ability to calve without difficulty. That makes sense – long lived cows avoid culling due to calving problems. What was most interesting was the fact that these sires did not produce daughters that were high for conformation. In fact they are only average for Body Composite (BC) and Dairy Composite (DC). That raises the question “Are our conformation evaluations standards right when it comes to body traits for the Ideal Cow? (Read more: The Perfect Holstein Cow): A closer look at body traits showed the following averages: Stature 0.35; Strength 0.19; and Body Depth 0.02. So the Holstein cows that remain in herds are not tall, strong or deep and from Dairy Composite we see that they are not even angular. Is that what commercial dairymen and breeders like Don Bennick are telling us? (Read more: NORTH FLORIDA HOLSTEINS. Aggressive, Progressive and Profitable!!) At any show ring you’ll hear ringside comments “she’s not tall enough, strong enough or dairy enough to win that class”. Maybe, just maybe, the judge was right when he won the class with the slightly shorter and not so wide cow that had a super udder and moved extremely well on the walk.
The Bullvine Holstein Model 2yr
The Bullvine Total Performance 2 Yr Old Cow
Further study of the udders and feet and legs of the daughters of bulls that sired longevity shows that the udders were firmly attached and had enough depth to carry moderate volumes of milk. The feet had moderate depth of heel, had intermediate set as viewed from the side and tracked straight when viewed from the rear.
As mentioned previously, the top TPI™ and Net Merit daughter proven sires are not uniformly in the top 25 for PL but some that are include: Superstition; Shamrock; Freddie; Planet; Bookem; and Observer. If you are looking for a Red sire that has high PL look up Fritz-Pride Tycoon-Red.
High PL Bulls for the Future
On the USDA-CDCB and Holstein USA genomic bulls list for top ranking PL sires there are nine bulls that are 8 or higher PL. Having cows stay eight months longer on average in a herd will have a significant effect on farm profit. Cows that live longer, are older give more milk and fewer replacements heifers are needed.
Table 2 – Top 10 Productive Life (PL) Genomic Sires for Dec ’13
Name
LPI
Prot
Conf
SCS
DF
MR LOOKOUT P ENFORCER-ET
3837
89
15
2.81
109
GENERVATIONS LIQUID GOLD
3607
87
14
2.84
102
MR CHARTROI ELOQUENT-ET
3507
91
13
2.81
97
MR LOOKOUT P EMBARGO-ET
3467
71
16
2.85
105
DE-SU DISTINCTION 11130-ET
3447
74
14
2.79
104
These top ten genomic PL sires are an outstanding group. In addition to averaging 8.4 for PL they excel in SCS, DPR and DCE. Notice that their composite type ratings for body (BC) and dairyness (DC) are below their composites for udder (UDC) and feet and legs (FLC) similar to what was the case for the top ten proven sires (Table 1). The Bullvine recommendation still holds do not use only one genomic sire across your herd. Using three or four of these top of the list genomic sires will add greatly to the genetic merit of your herd for productive life (PL).
On the genomic sire list there are nineteen sires that are higher than any of the daughter proven sires for PL and an amazing sixty-seven are 7.0 or higher for PL. For leading edge breeders wishing to add longevity, polled and Red simultaneously they should look at Lirr Special Effect-P-Red (106HO2864). His ratings are PL 6.3, SCS 2.54, DPR 1.2, NM$ 609, TPI™ 2076, UDC 2.51, FLC 2.13, BC 0.15 and DC 0.10
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Having cows that genetically rank high for their ability to avoid culling for mastitis, reproduction, freedom from calving difficulty, udders and feet and legs will place the owner in a very good position for genetic sales and on-farm profit in the future. A minimum benchmark for PL to use when selecting a sire or buying embryos is 5.0. Going higher to over 6.0 for PL would be even better. Instead of monitoring why cows leave the herd a breeder should look to breed for cows that stay a long time in the herd. In the future a high PL will be important to all breeders.
Our recent article on the relative merit of polled (Holstein) dairy cattle may not have garnered the attention of many breeders. (Read more: Polled Dairy Genetics: The Cold Hard Facts) But for those that are seeing the consumer writing on the wall and foresee the need to genetically take the horns off cattle, we wish to document what’s hot in polled. Before considering the lists, we strongly suggest that you reflect on two things: 1) how you plan to generate revenue from the genetics in your herd; and 2) how you plan to decrease costs from using sires. (Read more: What’s The Plan?) The breeding business has changed (Read more: Where did the money go?) As you confirm adding polled to your sire selection criteria it is an excellent time to decide which index will be your primary one.
Decide. Don’t Ride the Fence.
Nothing’s perfect. That applies to which total merit index to use just as it does to the fact that there are no perfect bulls. However defaulting to using the bull your neighbour uses or the one that the semen salesman is promoting (Read more: Rumors, Lies, and other stuff Salesmen will tell you) is avoiding some very important planning for your herd. The financial future of your farm depends on using the index that will meet your needs five to ten years in the future. It is never too soon to plan for YOUR future.
Select an Index and Stick to It
Every major dairy cattle breeding country publishes a total merit index (Read more: Total Merit Indexes: Are they helping or hurting?). The bull listings below are broken out by various indexes and bull groupings. This is a two stage process. Pick your index then pick your bull(s). I remind you that the Bullvine strongly recommends that, when using genomic bulls that you do use more than one or two bulls in order to spread risk. If you are looking to win in the show ring, we leave the formula you use up to you. Likely you will use PTAT or CONF as your primary selection criteria.
If You`re Undecided
If you are not certain on which index to use, The Bullvine recommends that for breeders who’s primary income is the milk check, you use NM$ or BEI.
Polled Bulls Ranked by gTPI
Table 1 Polled Bulls Ranked by gTPI™
Reg. No
Name
Class
Score
Sire Name
Owner(s)
HOCANF7769975
EBYHOLME GOLDWYN MARCIA
EX
96
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
PLEASANT NOOK FARM, AYR, ON, (519) 632-1109
HOCANF7736316
EASTSIDE GOLD OCEAN ET
EX
94
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
J. GUY THOMPSON & SON, FRENCHFORT, PE, (902) 629-5176
HOCANF9520762
ARETHUSA-I GOLD MARCHE
EX
93
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
CRASDALE FARMS, HUNTER RIVER, PE, (902) 963-3515
HOCANF104865809
AU SOLEIL GOLDWYN POLLINE
EX
93
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
FERME AU SOLEIL LEVANT (1999) INC, UPTON, PQ, (450) 549-4803
HOCANF9663521
COXLYN FIREWORKS PANSY
EX
93
MORSAN FIREWORKS
JIM PHOENIX, UXBRIDGE, ON, (905) 852-6936
HOCANF9561777
CRAGGAN LHEROS NICOLA
EX
93
COMESTAR LHEROS
BERNADALE HOLSTEIN, RICHMOND, PE, (902) 854-2965
HOCANF7796726
IDEE MR SAM LYZZ
EX
93
REGANCREST-MR DRHAM SAM-ET
CRASDALE FARMS, HUNTER RIVER, PE, (902) 963-3515
HOCANF105210974
JACOBS MINISTER AIMA
EX
93
MR MINISTER
FERME JACOBS INC, CAP SANTE, PQ, (418) 285-2674
HOCANF104928097
LESPEREE DOLMAN FAKTILOU
EX
93
REGANCREST DOLMAN-ET
FERME L'ESPEREE ENR, ST. CESAIRE, PQ, (450) 469-1755
WILLIAM HAROLD ROBINSON, SELBY, ON, (613) 388-2641
HOCANF7975144
SPRINGBEND PRIMETIME SYNERGY
EX
92
WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PRIMETIME
FERME YVON SICARD, ST. JUSTIN, PQ, (819) 227-2067
HOCANF8915873
THERINDALE DRAKE CRISTCO
EX
92
FAR-O-LA DEBBIE-JO DRAKE-ET
THERINDALE FARMS INC, NORTH MILTON, PE, (902) 368-2002
HOCANF7749332
TOMALYNN DUNDEE MARISA
EX
92
REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET
TOMALYNN FARMS, OMEMEE, ON, (705) 799-6147
HOCANF7864081
WALKERBRAE DAMION BRONTE
EX
92
ERBACRES DAMION
WALKERBRAE FARMS, GUELPH, ON, (519) 824-0796
HOCANF7718343
WEEKSDALE ALLEN LOLA
EX
92
CANYON-BREEZE ALLEN-ET
ELMER WEEKS, BREADALBANE, PE, (902) 886-2152
From Table 1 it can be seen that genomic polled bulls far surpass the proven ones when it comes to gTPI™. All bulls in Table 1 are heterozygous for the polled gene and will leave 50% of their progeny polled.
Polled Bulls Ranked by gLPI
Table 2 Polled Bulls Ranked by gLPI
Name
ID
%RHA
Udder Score
Feet & Legs Score
Final Score
Age
Owner
State
JOLEANNA GOLD POURINRAIN-ET
USA 140557576
100
91
86
89
2-08
Joleanna Holsteins LLC
NY
GOLDIE SANCHEZ CHARDONAY-ET
USA 140567322
100
90
85
89
2-09
Rustin Herr, Fay-Del Holsteins & Joseph Lusby
PA
R-E-W HAPPY GO LUCKY-ET
USA 140867301
100
91
86
89
2-03
Jeff Butler, Joe, Amber, Jeff & Terry Price
IL
MISS CALIFORNIA-RED
USA 69561880
100
90
90
89
2-08
Ernest W. Kueffner
MD
OAKFIELD GOLD TOPAZ-ET
840003006988712
100
90
84
88
2-09
Austin Yoder & Matthias Swartz
GA
CRAVE DUSK PENNY 6262
840003007148508
98
87
85
88
2-03
Roseanne L Crave
WI
CHARWILL ATTIC MARCY
CAN 11034616
100
88
85
88
2-03
Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
DOUGAL LEA GOLDWYN DANITA-ET
CAN 11176512
100
87
90
88
2-03
Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
WHITTIER-FARMS AMAZN SAMMY
USA 140659634
100
88
88
88
2-11
Whittier Farms, Inc.
MA
WHITTIER-FARMS SHAQ CRISTEN
USA 140904707
100
88
87
88
2-06
Whittier Farms, Inc.
MA
VT-POND-VIEW CRUMBLE JAS-ET
USA 141080309
100
87
90
88
2-07
Christopher Lilly
MA
JOY-WIL DUNDEE MILLIE-ET
USA 141199452
100
90
83
88
2-05
Paige Hostetter
PA
LUCK-E SANCHEZ DEDRA
USA 66662741
100
89
86
88
2-09
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE TANGO
USA 66662752
100
90
86
88
2-08
James A. Dunn
PA
JAUQUET ANORA ATWOOD-ET
USA 68785993
100
90
86
88
2-10
Tyler & Nathan Jauquet
WI
HILROSE ADVENT ANNA-RED-ET
USA 69005117
100
90
86
88
2-11
Joseph A. Brantmeier
WI
GREENLEA-TM DES BEA-RED-ET
USA 69056753
100
88
86
88
2-10
Milk Source LLC
WI
NOR-WAY-PETE SANCHEZ STACY
USA 69130143
100
88
88
88
2-09
Andrew R. Peterson
WI
GOLDEN-OAKS GWYN CLASSY-ET
USA 69215009
100
88
85
88
2-08
Kings-Ransom Farm LLC
NY
SWANEE-ACRES SHO ECSTASY
USA 69270370
100
90
87
88
2-09
Jason A. Swanson
IL
MILKSOURCE GLDWN LADYBUG-ET
USA 69592225
100
90
86
88
2-04
Milk Source LLC
WI
ARETHUSA SANCHEZ DICE-ET
USA 70402081
100
90
90
88
2-03
Arethusa Farm, LLC
CT
OAKFIELD-BRO AT FINANCE-ET
840003006989082
100
87
85
87
2-04
Adam J King
NY
BRACKLEYFARM CHELIOS CHERRIO
CAN 10848075
100
87
86
87
2-03
Milk Source LLC
WI
ROCKYMOUNTAIN MANOMAN DIMPL-ET
CAN 10945230
100
88
86
87
2-07
Alphagen Syndicate & Ferme Jolicap Inc
WI
CHURCH-SITE SHOT PU PU-ET
USA 140530931
100
87
85
87
2-09
James E. Wautier
WI
JOLEANNA RAIN GOOD THING-ET
USA 140557558
100
87
87
87
2-08
Joleanna Holsteins LLC
NY
GLENNLAWN SNCHZ ELEGANT-ET
USA 140566899
100
87
87
87
2-09
Brianna Adamavich
WI
OVALTOP ADVENT JAN
USA 140570809
100
86
86
87
2-10
Douglas H. Wolfe
NY
GUS-WIND DQ
USA 140572445
100
86
86
87
2-11
Gus Wind Holsteins
WI
HFM MR SAM KIWI
USA 140572940
100
87
88
87
2-09
Matthew Sharpe
NY
BVK ATWOOD ABBATHA-ET
USA 140658996
100
86
85
87
2-09
World-Wide Sires Germany
WHITTIER-FARMS ASHOCK AMBER
USA 140660502
100
87
87
87
2-10
Whittier Farms, Inc.
MA
HEADLINE TERRASON DIXIE
USA 140671519
100
86
87
87
2-09
Nicole M. Head
NY
BKB AFTERSHOCK AMORILLO-ET
USA 140679674
100
87
90
87
2-09
Ranway Farms LLC, Devlyn Hurley & Harry Lusk
NY
JOLEANNA SHAMPOO MANDEVILLA
USA 140732445
100
87
84
87
2-06
Joleanna Holsteins LLC
NY
WHITTIER-CF ATWOD LEGACY-ET
USA 140908943
100
85
90
87
2-03
Todd J. Whittier & Cybil L. Fisher
MA
OVALTOP ADVNT FALLON-RED-ET
USA 140921173
100
87
88
87
2-05
Michael D. Wolfe
NY
KISSAMEE GOLDWYN VIPER-ET
USA 141001621
100
87
87
87
2-06
Christopher F. & Stephanie A. Anderson
NY
JOY-WIL DUNDEE MACKENZIE-ET
USA 141199443
100
87
86
87
2-05
Paige Hostetter
PA
DUPASQUIER GLDWYN ROZLYN-ET
USA 141228415
100
87
85
87
2-06
Brett & Brennan Woker
IL
HAZELS ATWOOD HARRIET-ET
USA 141323772
100
87
86
87
2-04
Clark W. Woodmansee III
CT
GRANNY-ANNE VELVET LYLA
USA 66088204
100
88
83
87
2-11
Eugene S. Merriman, Jr.
NY
CURR-VALE SHOTTLE DELIGHT
USA 66401468
100
88
85
87
2-09
Jessica Mae Currie
NY
CURR-VALE SHOTTLE CALI-ET
USA 66401478
100
87
85
87
2-09
Kayla Currie
NY
WILSTAR RS TALENT LILLY-ET
USA 66625275
100
88
82
87
2-09
Wilstar Holsteins
WI
BKB ATWOOD ADDY-ET
USA 66625347
100
87
85
87
2-06
Richmond Farms Dairy
NY
LUCK-E ATWOOD ANGEL
USA 66662773
100
87
88
87
2-07
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ADVENT COREENA
USA 66662786
100
87
86
87
2-06
Matt L. Engel
IL
LUCK-E ADVENT KIATA-ET
USA 66662820
100
87
86
87
2-02
Matt L. Engel
IL
CO-VALE LUCAS 3635
USA 66778501
96
87
86
87
2-07
Bradley Cates
NY
CO-VALE TALENT JEN-ET
USA 66778516
100
88
86
87
2-06
Jason Randall
NY
WALKER-FARM GABOR ELIZA
USA 66778582
100
86
87
87
2-03
Kate E. Currie
NY
GROVES-VU ALEXANDER RAKEL
USA 66782496
100
86
86
87
2-11
Todd & Brad Groves
MO
SURE-VIEW SHOTTLE 309-ET
USA 68650324
100
87
87
87
2-07
Joseph A. Brantmeier
WI
JAUQUET ARDELIS ATWOOD
USA 68786008
100
90
87
87
2-09
Tyler & Nathan Jauquet
WI
LEW-LIN DUNDEE TIDBIT
USA 68793523
100
86
87
87
2-09
Garnet T Weaver III
NY
LADYS-MANOR GOLD DENVER-ET
USA 68803379
100
87
84
87
2-08
Markland Registered Holsteins
NY
HILROSE SANCHEZ TAURUS-ET
USA 69005127
100
88
82
87
2-10
Joseph A. Brantmeier
WI
HILROSE SIDNEY PERU
USA 69005136
100
87
82
87
2-09
Andrew Brantmeier
WI
HILROSE BALTIMOR PENNY-ET
USA 69005179
100
85
86
87
2-03
Jeff Brantmeier
WI
FARMDALE BRAXTON BERRY
USA 69038456
100
85
86
87
2-09
Michael J. Schoessow
WI
MONANFRAN EXPLODE MARION
USA 69085242
100
91
82
87
2-09
Jason E. Kelsey
NY
WOODLAWN STRMATIC DHARMA-ET
USA 69092510
100
88
85
87
2-10
Clark W. Woodmansee III
CT
RICHMOND-FD S BARBARA-ET
USA 69305043
100
90
85
87
2-06
John L. Richmond
NY
MS CRESCENTMEAD DANIE-ET
USA 69436111
100
87
85
87
2-04
Budjon Farms, Peter C. Vail & Pierre Boulet
WI
ARETHUSA MAGICAL AMBITION
USA 69562358
100
86
88
87
2-09
Arethusa Farm, LLC
CT
ARETHUSA GOLDWYN ANNABELLE
USA 69562359
100
87
84
87
2-09
Arethusa Farm, LLC
CT
MILKSOURCE ATWD ATLANTA-ET
USA 69592213
100
87
85
87
2-06
Milk Source LLC
WI
MILKSOURCE LEWIS AUBURN
USA 69592236
100
89
88
87
2-03
MacArthur Ostrom
WI
SHEMA ATWOOD ROXY-ET
USA 69628161
100
89
85
87
2-05
Marlin J. Bontrager
IA
KEVREL PLANET MIA-ET
USA 69753076
100
90
83
87
2-05
F. Kevin Leaverton
MD
ERNEST-ANTHONY BLYTHE
USA 70301753
100
88
85
87
2-02
Arethusa Farm, LLC
CT
ARETHUSA GOLDWYN ARIANA-ET
USA 70305176
100
88
86
87
2-03
Arethusa Farm, LLC
CT
Please note that not all polled sires are identified on the CDN system
Again note that genomic polled bulls far exceed their proven counterparts as in Table 1. All bulls in Table 2 are heterozygous for the polled gene.
Polled Bulls Ranked by NM$
Table 3 Polled Bulls Ranked by Net Merit (NM$)
Name
Birth
LPI
Sire
Dam Name
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2355-ET
12-Nov
3840
SUPERSIRE
DE-SU 520-ET
T-GEN-AC SRGNT JANALUNA-ET
12-Dec
3833
SARGEANT
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALISA-ET
12-Nov
3758
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
MATCREST MOGUL GLOBE-ET
12-Nov
3672
MOGUL
ZAHBULLS MASSEY GINA
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALYN-ET
12-Nov
3668
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
WELCOME MOGUL PATTS-ET
12-Nov
3651
MOGUL
WELCOME BOOKEM PAISLEY-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAYA-ET
12-Nov
3638
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
BACON-HILL SUPRSRE MINIE-ET
12-Nov
3622
SUPERSIRE
UNIQUE-STYLE BOLTON MONEY
DE-SU UNO 2381-ET
12-Nov
3613
NUMERO UNO
DE-SU 526-ET
CLEAR-ECHO NUM UNO 2832-ET
12-Nov
3564
NUMERO UNO
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2213-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAVEE-ET
12-Nov
3548
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
CLEAR-ECHO MCUTCHEN 2820-ET
12-Oct
3546
MCCUTCHEN
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2213-ET
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2360-ET
12-Nov
3543
SUPERSIRE
DE-SU 709-ET
SYNERGY MOGUL SNOWHITE-ET
12-Dec
3541
MOGUL
SURE-VIEW OMAN SHIMMER-ET
RI-VAL-RE MCCUTCHN QUEEN-ET
12-Nov
3523
MCCUTCHEN
RI-VAL-RE SOTO ESCAPADE-ET
FARNEAR SUPERSIRE 1628
12-Nov
3514
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET
S-S-I SPRSIRE MELOSA8473-ET
12-Nov
3513
SUPERSIRE
S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
RONELEE SUPERSIRE TARYN-ET
12-Nov
3499
SUPERSIRE
TIPTOP MANOMAN TALA 1843-ET
RI-VAL-RE MCCUTCHEN DEE-ET
12-Nov
3498
MCCUTCHEN
RI-VAL-RE SOTO ESCAPADE-ET
SILVERRIDGE MOGUL AVOCATE
12-Oct
3489
MOGUL
VELTHUIS SG MOM ALICIA
LARCREST CARDIGAN-ET
12-Oct
3468
NUMERO UNO
LARCREST CALE-ET
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2337-ET
12-Nov
3462
SUPERSIRE
DE-SU 520-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALEE-ET
12-Nov
3449
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
FARNEAR MCCUTCHEN 1624
12-Nov
3443
MCCUTCHEN
B-ENTERPRISE SUPER GIGI-ET
RI-VAL-RE SNOWMAN NIKKI-ET
12-Oct
3435
SNOWMAN
RI-VAL-RE OBSRVR NIKKI-ET
TRUSTMORE APRICOT MOGUL
12-Oct
3433
MOGUL
VELTHUIS SG MOM ALICIA
CLEAR-ECHO NUM UNO 2833-ET
12-Nov
3432
NUMERO UNO
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2213-ET
SPH YENNIE
12-Nov
3412
MOGUL
YVETTE (DOMAIN X YELONDA)
RI-VAL-RE SUPRSRE NIKALA-ET
12-Dec
3412
SUPERSIRE
RI-VAL-RE SUPER NADINE-ET
4312129151
12-Sep
3402
FACECY
FEE
BOSSIDE MOGUL TESSA-ET
12-Nov
3385
MOGUL
FARNEAR-REGAN TOAST-ET
ABBY-CONTOUR MOGUL DAISY-ET
12-Nov
3385
MOGUL
ABBY-CONTOUR DOMAIN DORA-ET
OCD MCCUTCH CLAIRE DANES-ET
12-Oct
3382
MCCUTCHEN
CURR-VALE OBSERVER DELTA-ET
SEAGULL-BAY SH MAUREEN-ET
12-Nov
3364
NUMERO UNO
AMMON-PEACHEY SHAUNA-ET
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2335-ET
12-Nov
3364
SUPERSIRE
DE-SU 709-ET
SANDY-VALLEY MOGUL AMBER-ET
12-Nov
3362
MOGUL
SANDY-VALLEY IO AMETHYST-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAYE-ET
12-Nov
3362
MOGUL
BENNER FORK JANARDAN
S-S-I SHAN MOANA 8515-ET
12-Nov
3357
SHAN
S-S-I OBSERV MANTECA7197-ET
RI-VAL-RE MOGUL IZZY-ET
12-Dec
3347
MOGUL
RI-VAL-RE GOLDWYN NADINE
DES-Y-GEN HEFTY STATIC
12-Oct
3344
HEFTY
DES-Y-GEN PLANET SILKY
BOLDI MOGUL LOUISE
12-Oct
3343
MOGUL
MSCHARTROIS PLANET LEONI-ET
OCONNORS MOGUL LARK
12-Nov
3343
MOGUL
MAPEL WOOD M O M LUCY
SUDAN X NN
12-Jul
3334
SUDAN
NN
SPEEK-NJ MOGUL DALIA 370-ET
12-Oct
3333
MOGUL
REGAN-ALH PLANET DELORIA-ET
STANTONS MOGUL ELOISE
12-Nov
3333
MOGUL
STANTONS SUPER ELDA
OCD MCCUTCHEN DESIREE-ET
12-Oct
3330
MCCUTCHEN
CURR-VALE OBSERVER DELTA-ET
RR R
12-Nov
3323
MIXER
VISSTEIN ALINDE
12-Sep
3321
HUNTER
VISSTEIN CARINA
CLEAR-ECHO LEXOR 2788-ET
12-Sep
3321
LEXOR
CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVER 2280-ET
CO-OP UNO YOYO 6881-ET
12-Oct
3320
NUMERO UNO
CO-OP BOLIVER YOYO-ET
RI-VAL-RE MCCUTCHEN LIA-ET
12-Nov
3318
MCCUTCHEN
RI-VAL-RE OBSRVR NIKKI-ET
CEDARWAL MITCH EMMY
12-Oct
3317
MITCH
CEDARWAL MANOMAN EMERALD
WELCOME SUPERSIRE GAILA-ET
12-Nov
3316
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN MANOMAN GILDIE
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2352-ET
12-Nov
3315
MCCUTCHEN
DE-SU 9990-ET
FARNEAR SUPERSIRE 1610
12-Dec
3313
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET
L-L-M-DAIRY S S PERU-ET
12-Nov
3311
SUPERSIRE
L-L-M-DAIRY J STREAM PROCKY
STANTONS MOGUL CINDY
12-Nov
3306
MOGUL
MS CHASSITY OBS CLAIRE-ET
RI-VAL-RE MCCUTCHEN EVE-ET
12-Nov
3301
MCCUTCHEN
RI-VAL-RE SOTO ESCAPADE-ET
DE-SU ODADDY 2383-ET
12-Nov
3299
DADDY
DE-SU 719-ET
DE-SU ODADDY 2327-ET
12-Nov
3299
DADDY
DE-SU 719-ET
TJR MCCUTCHEN DIAMOND-ET
12-Dec
3296
MCCUTCHEN
MORNINGVIEW SUPER DEANN
DE-SU OBSERVER 2246
12-Oct
3287
OBSERVER
DE-SU 76-ET
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2323-ET
12-Nov
3286
MCCUTCHEN
RMW SUPER ARIANE-ET
RED-OAK-DB MOGUL LEIGH-ET
12-Oct
3282
MOGUL
RED-OAK-DB O MAN LEAD
CLEAR-ECHO LEXOR 2787-ET
12-Sep
3280
LEXOR
CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVER 2280-ET
MS ADERYN MC ABIGAIL-ET
12-Oct
3279
MCCUTCHEN
KHW SUPER ADERYN-ET
STANTONS MOGUL EDWYNN
12-Nov
3271
MOGUL
STANTONS OBSERVER EXPOSE
SYNERGY MOGUL SHARONA-ET
12-Dec
3270
MOGUL
SURE-VIEW OMAN SHIMMER-ET
FLY-HIGHER SUPSIRE MINNI-ET
12-Nov
3269
SUPERSIRE
FLY-HIGHER BOLTON MISHA-ET
DE-SU MOGUL 2333
12-Nov
3267
MOGUL
DE-SU 502-ET
FARNEAR SUPERSIRE 1615
12-Dec
3267
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET
FARNEAR MCCUTCHEN 1621
12-Nov
3241
MCCUTCHEN
B-ENTERPRISE SUPER GIGI-ET
SULLHRTFORD MOGUL 371-ET
12-Oct
3240
MOGUL
SULLY HART DOMAIN 133-ET
CO-OP UNO SYDNEY 6886-ET
12-Oct
3240
NUMERO UNO
FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
CNN DEHLI
12-Oct
3238
MOGUL
BOGART X DREAM 1
SUNDAY
12-Nov
3237
MOGUL
SUNSHINE
FARNEAR SUPERSIRE 1614
12-Dec
3234
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET
EDG STICTH MOGUL STAR-ET
12-Oct
3232
MOGUL
GRAN-J RUSSELL STITCH-ET
LEOTHE MOM WRAP DUFFY
12-Oct
3230
WRAP
LEOTHE BAXTER DAPHNEE
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2353-ET
12-Nov
3228
MCCUTCHEN
DE-SU 489-ET
BACON-HILL SUPRSRE MINDY-ET
12-Nov
3226
SUPERSIRE
UNIQUE-STYLE BOLTON MONEY
COOMBOONA SNOWMAN BOLTA-IMP-ET
12-Jul
3226
SNOWMAN
WIAMY KYANA BOLTON
MS WELCOME EPIC LAILA-ET
12-Nov
3221
EPIC
MSWELCOME OBSERVER LAURI-ET
WELCOME SUPERSIRE GALES-ET
12-Nov
3220
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN MANOMAN GILDIE
ROCKYMOUNTAIN UNO CLARISA
12-Oct
3216
NUMERO UNO
LARCREST CHEVELLE-ET
FUSTEAD UNO LOVE-ET
12-Aug
3215
NUMERO UNO
GLEN-TOCTIN BOLT LUCILLE-ET
S-S-I UNO MIRANDA 8503-ET
12-Nov
3213
NUMERO UNO
RIVER-BRIDGE D DAY 40028-ET
12-Oct
3210
DAY
CO-OP RB PLANET YANNA-ET
S-S-I DADDY EARTHA 8461-ET
12-Nov
3209
DADDY
S-S-I ROBUST ECALON 7257-ET
RI-VAL-RE MOGUL EVETTE-ET
12-Dec
3205
MOGUL
RI-VAL-RE GOLDWYN NADINE
DE-SU LAYNE 2359-ET
12-Nov
3202
LAYNE
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2150-ET
NORTH-ECHO NUM UNO 2813-ET
12-Oct
3200
NUMERO UNO
NORTH-ECHO BOOKEM 2305-ET
EVER-GREEN-VIEW ASP
12-Oct
3199
MOGUL
BROEKS ASPEN-ET
CLEAR-ECHO SUPERSIRE 2830
12-Nov
3198
SUPERSIRE
COOKIECUTTER BOWS HOMONY-ET
CO-OP DAY CLASSY 6832-ET
12-Sep
3193
DAY
CO-OP PLANET CLASSY-ET
SONRAY-ACRES SOC OBSERVR VI
11-Jan
3191
OBSERVER
SONRAY-ACRES SHOT SOCRTS PI
CO-OP DAY SYDNEY 6838-ET
12-Sep
3186
DAY
FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
STANTONS MOGUL JESSICA
12-Nov
3184
MOGUL
STANTONS FREDDIE CAMEO
SEAGULL-BAY SSIRE DAPHNE-ET
12-Dec
3182
SUPERSIRE
PINE-TREE SHARLA DAPHNE-ET
WELCOME SUPERSIRE GENEVA-ET
12-Nov
3180
SUPERSIRE
VISION-GEN MANOMAN GILDIE
For Net Merit ($) polled bulls are still far behind the 900+ values being seen today by horned bulls. That will change 3-4 years after breeders and breeding companies that use NMS as their primary index begin to place emphasis on having polled cattle. Compared to the gTPI™ list there is some re-ranking of the bulls at the top for Net Merit. In other words, there is not perfect bull.
Polled Bulls Ranked by BEI
Table 4 Polled Bulls Ranked by BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index)
Name
Birthdate
Sire
GTPI*
Owner
LARCREST CARDIGAN-ET
10/19/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2634
Jon E. Larson
DE-SU UNO 2381-ET
11/18/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2616
Darin Meyer
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2355-ET
11/9/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2615
Darin Meyer
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALISA-ET
11/17/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2588
Tim Clark
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2360-ET
11/11/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2554
De Su Holsteins LLC
HFP LUCETTE
8/22/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2539
Alta Genetics Inc - USA Bulls
OCD MCCUTCHEN DUCHESS-ET
10/28/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2538
Oakfield Corners Dairy
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2349-ET
11/7/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2517
De Su Holsteins LLC
LARCREST CRAYON-ET
10/31/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2512
Jon E. Larson
CLEAR-ECHO SUPERSIRE 2830
11/3/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2512
Clear Echo Farm LLC
DE-SU LAYNE 2359-ET
11/11/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2511
De Su Holsteins LLC
MS EMILY ELIORA-ET
12/3/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2508
Trans-America Genetics
SEAGULL-BAY SH MAUREEN-ET
11/5/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2503
Seagull Bay Dairy Inc.
COYNE-FARMS SROCK JACKLE-ET
10/26/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2494
Coyne Farms Inc.
S-S-I DEAN BROXTON 8519-ET
11/24/2012
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2484
Select Sires Inc.
MATCREST MOGUL GLOBE-ET
11/30/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2483
Matt & Brad Johnson
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAVEE-ET
11/21/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2480
Tim Clark
SULLHRTFORD MOGUL 371-ET
10/15/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2479
Robert Eustice & Mike Sullivan
WELCOME MOGUL PATTS-ET
11/9/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2479
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
L-L-M-DAIRY S S PHAWN-ET
11/18/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2476
L-L-M Dairy
BACON-HILL SUPRSRE MINIE-ET
11/29/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2475
Bacon-Hill Holsteins LLC
SANDY-VALLEY UNO ADDISON-ET
11/19/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2475
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
DE-SU UNO 2294-ET
10/22/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2471
De Su Holsteins LLC
SPEEK-NJ MOGUL DALIA 370-ET
10/19/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2469
Robert J. Eustice
OCD MCCUTCHEN DESIREE-ET
10/30/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2468
Oakfield Corners Dairy
RONELEE FEELING FANCY-ET
8/14/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2462
Sherman Polinder
COYNE-FARMS MOGUL MIA-ET
10/13/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2461
Coyne Farms Inc.
MS DREARY DRUSIE-ET
12/5/2012
ROYLANE BOXER PUNCH 4311-ET
2459
Trans-America Genetics
DE-SU ODADDY 2302-ET
10/24/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2458
De Su Holsteins LLC
TJR MCCUTCHEN DIAMOND-ET
12/1/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2456
TJR Genetics
COURT-US-MS UNO DOSE-ET
8/20/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2454
Scott & Shane Courtney & Mark
T-GEN-AC SRGNT JANALUNA-ET
12/5/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET
2454
Tim Clark
CO-OP UNO SYDNEY 6886-ET
10/13/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2450
Genesis Cooperative Herd
DE-SU UNO 2312-ET
10/29/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2448
De Su Holsteins LLC
VISION-GEN CAM A14142-ET
10/2/2012
SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET
2447
VISION GENETICS
MS APPLES UNO ARMANA-ET
10/30/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2446
Apple Partners LLC
CO-OP DAY CLASSY 6832-ET
9/15/2012
MINNIGAN-HILLS DAY-ET
2442
Genesis Cooperative Herd
PINE-TREE 4233 MOGU 5523-ET
10/24/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2440
Matthew J. Steiner
SANDY-VALLEY UNO SAGE-ET
10/4/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2438
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
SEAGULL-BAY SSIRE DAPHNE-ET
12/2/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2437
Seagull Bay Dairy Inc.
MS ADERYN MC ABIGAIL-ET
10/25/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2437
Dennis Caudil
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAYA-ET
11/22/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2437
Tim Clark
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4536-ET
11/15/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2435
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
PLAIN-KNOLL NMROUNO 6494-ET
11/21/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2433
Buschur Dairy Inc.
AURORA MOGUL 13446-ET
11/13/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2433
Aurora Ridge Dairy LLC
PREHEN SHAMROCK LADY ET
9/7/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2433
Holstein UK
SCO-LO-KRUSE DEAN CANDY-ET
10/29/2012
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2432
John Cannon & Rob Kruse
CO-OP UNO YOYO 6881-ET
10/3/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2431
Genesis Cooperative Herd
OCD SS SOLEIL MOON FRYE-ET
10/26/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2430
Oakfield Corners Dairy
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALYN-ET
11/19/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2428
Tim Clark
CO-OP UNO YOYO 6883-ET
10/3/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2427
Genesis Cooperative Herd
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4535-ET
11/14/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2426
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
S-S-I DADDY EARTHA 8461-ET
11/1/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2425
Select Sires Inc.
NORTH-ECHO NUM UNO 2813-ET
10/9/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2425
Clear Echo Farm LLC & North Fo
SANDY-VALLEY UNO SCARLET-ET
10/6/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2425
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
ROSYLANE-LLC SHAMROCK 5776
11/18/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2424
Rosy-Lane Holsteins LLC
MS GOLD-N-OAKS ADORE2500-ET
7/8/2012
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2422
Arabell Syndicate
VISION-GEN CAM A14166-ET
10/12/2012
SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET
2422
VISION GENETICS
JOLICAP LAYNE DELPHINIUM-ET
11/3/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2422
Ferme Jolicap Inc
RONELEE SUPERSIRE TARYN-ET
11/13/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2422
Sherman Polinder
S-S-I UNO MARYANN 8526-ET
11/27/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2422
Select Sires Inc.
CLEAR-ECHO LEXOR 2787-ET
9/2/2012
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2421
Clear Echo Farm LLC
MS ADERYN MC ALLIE-ET
11/8/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2420
Dennis Caudil
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2352-ET
11/8/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2419
De Su Holsteins LLC
S-S-I DADDY KACEY 8471-ET
11/3/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2419
Select Sires Inc.
S-S-I SHAN MARSHA 8525-ET
11/24/2012
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
2419
Select Sires Inc.
BACON-HILL SUPRSRE MINDY-ET
11/28/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2417
Bacon-Hill Holsteins LLC
MS DREARY DREIMA-ETS
11/10/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2417
Trans-America Genetics
MS DREARY DREMA-ETS
11/10/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2417
Trans-America Genetics
LADIES-FIRST LXOR BANGLE-ET
9/1/2012
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2416
Barbara Mountain & Ladies Firs
JERESA UNO PINEAPPLE-ET
10/31/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2416
Jere L & Teresa J Brubaker
RANSOM-RAIL MCCUTCH PING-ET
10/11/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2415
Ransom Rail Farms Inc.
S-S-I SHAN MOANA 8515-ET
11/22/2012
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
2415
Select Sires Inc.
TJR MCCUTCH DE-ANNA-ET
11/10/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2415
TJR Genetics
SANDY-VALLEY MOGUL AMBER-ET
11/1/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2414
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
RANSOM-RAIL MCCUTCH PEG-ET
10/11/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2414
Ransom Rail Farms Inc.
BACON-HILL MOGUL EZRA-ET
11/2/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2413
Bacon-Hill Holsteins LLC
DE-SU UNO 2298-ET
10/23/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2412
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2323-ET
11/2/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2410
De Su Holsteins LLC
CLAYTOP WHOLE LOTTA LOVE-ET
6/23/2011
LOTTA-HILL SHOTTLE 41-ET
2408
Jeffrey L. Paulen
WELCOME PARISH PRESTO-ET
11/29/2012
PLAIN-KNOLL PARISH 5534-ET
2407
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
LARCREST CREEK-ET
11/2/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2406
Jon E. Larson
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANAYE-ET
11/22/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2404
Tim Clark
SLO-TRAIN SHAM 3487
6/19/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2403
Robert J. LaSalle
KERNDTWAY PETRONE DELTA-ET
10/27/2012
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2403
Mark W. Kerndt
OCD MCCUTCHEN DAFNE-ET
10/21/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2402
Oakfield Corners Dairy
RONELEE UNO DARINGLY-ET
10/13/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2401
Sherman Polinder
S-S-I UNO MIRANDA 8503-ET
11/15/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2400
Select Sires Inc.
ATH-MOR UNO MIDNIGHT CRI-ET
11/4/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2400
Genesis Cooperative Herd
SPRUCE-HAVEN UNO KY14242-ET
11/11/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2399
Doug Young & James Nocek
BOSSIDE MOGUL TESSA-ET
11/24/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2399
John & Tineke Boschma
EDG BRYSHA UNO BREN-ET
12/2/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2399
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2330-ET
11/4/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2393
De Su Holsteins LLC
CREST-VIEW-ACRES SERI-ETS
10/20/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2392
Steven G. Holte
CREST-VIEW-ACRES SHANDA-ETS
10/20/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2392
Steven G. Holte
LANDIS-MRK MOGUL ZANETA-ET
11/1/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2392
Robert E. Landis
RONELEE MOGUL DAVIANNA-ET
10/8/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2390
Sherman Polinder
EDG BRYSHA UNO BRISEN-ETS
11/25/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2390
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
EDG BRYSHA UNO BRESEN-ETS
11/25/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2390
Jeffrey Butler
S-S-I SPRSIRE MELOSA8473-ET
11/3/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2390
Select Sires Inc.
LARCREST CREST-ET
10/30/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2390
Jon E. Larson
AB-TY NUMERO UNO BRIELLE-ET
11/26/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2388
AB-TY Genetics
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4539-ET
11/19/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2387
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
MS DREARY DREAMAR-ET
11/23/2012
ROYLANE BOXER PUNCH 4311-ET
2387
Trans-America Genetics
WESSELCREST FACEB MAGGIE-ET
1/25/2012
MARBRI FACEBOOK
2386
Walt Brent & Jason Wessel
NO-FLA MOGUL STACY 34071-ET
10/13/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2386
North Florida Holsteins
S-S-I ASPEN MILA 8518-ET
11/24/2012
PINE-TREE ASPEN 223-ET
2386
Select Sires Inc.
S-S-I DADDY PRIMA 8452-ET
10/31/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2385
Select Sires Inc.
NORTH-ECHO LITHIUM 2778-ET
8/23/2012
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2385
Clear Echo Farm LLC & North Fo
CO-OP UNO YOYO 6882-ET
10/3/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2385
Genesis Cooperative Herd
LEVEL-PLAIN ECOYNE COLA-ET
9/9/2012
ECOYNE ISY
2385
Keith A. Nettekoven
EDG STICTH MOGUL STAR-ET
10/30/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2385
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
L-L-M-DAIRY S S PERU-ET
11/15/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2384
L-L-M Dairy
TJR MCCUTCHEN DICE-ET
12/1/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2384
TJR Genetics
T-GEN-AC MOGUL JANALEE-ET
11/17/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2384
Tim Clark
CLEAR-ECHO LEXOR 2788-ET
9/4/2012
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2383
Clear Echo Farm LLC
RICKLAND O-DADDY 4466
11/26/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2382
Greg Rickert
RI-VAL-RE MCCUTCHN QUEEN-ET
11/15/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2379
Aaron Jorgensen
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2335-ET
11/6/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2379
De Su Holsteins LLC
HALL-LAR NUT 426
10/18/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2379
S. Larson & D. Hallberg
NO-FLA MOGUL TAMIA 34132-ET
10/20/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2378
North Florida Holsteins
S-S-I SHAN SHARI 8517-ET
11/22/2012
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
2378
Select Sires Inc.
LARCREST CONCORD-ET
10/26/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2378
Jon E. Larson
CLEAR-ECHO NUM UNO 2833-ET
11/9/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2378
Clear Echo Farm LLC
SPEEK-NJ CINDY CRAWFORD-ET
11/28/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2378
Neil McDonah
DE-SU ODADDY 2383-ET
11/18/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2378
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU LITHIUM 2299-ET
10/24/2012
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2377
Darin Meyer
ABBY-CONTOUR MOGUL DAISY-ET
11/17/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2377
Randy & Sara Mikshowsky
HONEYCREST MOGUL FANFARE-ET
9/24/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2376
Honeycrest Farms Inc
DE-SU LITHIUM 2325-ET
11/2/2012
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2375
Darin Meyer
SYNERGY MOGUL SNOWHITE-ET
12/6/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2375
Synergy Farm LLC
FUSTEAD UNO LOVE-ET
8/19/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2375
Brian & Wendy Fust
BACCHUS ELION 2
5/28/2012
COOKIECUTTER MOM HUNTER-ET
2375
A L H Genetics BV
M-JAYBEE GRAFEETI 6252 9679
7/30/2012
LADYS-MANOR RD GRAFEETI-ET
2374
Fiscalini Farms
NO-FLA PARADISE 33729-ET
9/10/2012
REGANCREST PARADISE-ET
2372
North Florida Holsteins
NO-FLA MAURICE RAE 34224-ET
10/28/2012
MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET
2372
North Florida Holsteins
AURORA PERRY 13448-ET
11/14/2012
CO-OP UPD AL PERRY 410
2372
Aurora Ridge Dairy LLC
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4521-ET
11/6/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2372
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
SONRAY-ACRES PTRN CRYSTL-ET
11/17/2012
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2371
Paul G. Powell
WELCOME SUPERSIRE GALES-ET
11/29/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2370
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
OCD MCCUTCHEN DAWSYN-ET
11/1/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2370
Oakfield Corners Dairy
SPEEK-NJ PENELOPE CRUZ-ET
11/27/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2370
Neil McDonah
SEAGULL-BAY SSIRE MAY-ET
12/1/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2369
Seagull Bay Dairy Inc.
EVER-GREEN-VIEW ASP
10/23/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2369
Thomas J. Kestell
ATH-MOR UNO MAGIC CRI-ET
10/30/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2369
Genesis Cooperative Herd
S-S-I DEAN MINDA 8537-ET
12/2/2012
RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET
2368
Select Sires Inc.
SANDY-VALLEY UNO DOS-ET
8/14/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2368
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
TUI CAYLEAH UNO-ET
8/21/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2368
Psuche L. & Curtis D. Hoffman
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2311-ET
10/28/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2368
De Su Holsteins LLC
KHW JOLICAP UNO ADELMA-ET
11/23/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2368
Ferme Jolicap Inc
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2353-ET
11/8/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2367
De Su Holsteins LLC
S-S-I FONSY SHAKIRA 8453-ET
10/31/2012
EVER-GREEN-VIEW FONSY-ET
2367
Select Sires Inc.
MATCREST LEXOR CHI CHI-ET
10/30/2012
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
2366
Matthew R. Johnson
DE-SU SUPERSIRE 2337-ET
11/6/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2366
Darin Meyer
SYNERGY UNO PIZAZZ-ET
12/1/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2365
Synergy Farm LLC
SANDY-VALLEY MF AMARILLO-ET
11/23/2012
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2365
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
FROSTY-ROCK NUMERO UNO 943
10/1/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2364
Matt & Katie Stoll
BRU-DALE PETRONE ZELDA-ET
11/1/2012
WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET
2364
Michael R & Melissa M Brubaker
FLY-HIGHER SUPSIRE MINNI-ET
11/22/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2363
Fly-Higher Holsteins LLC
HONEYCREST MOGUL FANTASY-ET
9/17/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2362
Honeycrest Farms Inc
CREST-VIEW-ACRES SOLO-ET
4/14/2012
MISTY SPRINGS SUPERSONIC
2361
Steven G. Holte
DE-SU UNO 2306-ET
10/26/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2359
De Su Holsteins LLC
RI-VAL-RE MOGUL EVETTE-ET
12/9/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2358
Aaron Jorgensen
DE-SU MOGUL 2380-ET
11/18/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2358
De Su Holsteins LLC
SANDY-VALLEY MAY ABRIANA-ET
11/24/2012
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2358
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
WELCOME SUPERSIRE GAILA-ET
11/26/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2356
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
RI-VAL-RE SUPRSRE NIKALA-ET
12/10/2012
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
2356
Aaron Jorgensen
ANDERCREST MOGUL ALEXIS-ET
11/15/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2356
Brandon Anderson
BUSH-BROS UNO 4533-ET
11/13/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2356
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
ARMSON MOGUL VIOLET-ET
11/2/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2354
Armson Farms LLC
WELCOME MCCUTCHEN SALLI-ET
11/29/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2354
Welcome Stock Farm LLC
RIVER-BRIDGE BUGGLES CRI-ET
11/1/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2354
Genesis Cooperative Herd
S-S-I UNO RAWNIE 8446-ET
10/29/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2353
Select Sires Inc.
VIEUXSAULE MAYFIELD DABNEY-ET
10/24/2012
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2353
Trans-America Genetics
VISION-GEN SHA A14130-ET
9/28/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2353
VISION GENETICS
MD-MRK-OVF UNO MARGO-ET
11/5/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2352
Matthew R Kimball
SLO-TRAIN SHAM 8525
5/22/2012
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET
2352
Robert J. LaSalle
NO-FLA PARADISE 34011-ET
10/9/2012
REGANCREST PARADISE-ET
2351
North Florida Holsteins
JK EDER CREAMY
11/16/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2351
Eurogenes
GOLD-N-OAKS SB JULES2523-ET
8/18/2012
MR GOLDNOAKS SUPERBOWL-ET
2351
John & Judy Swenson
HENDEL MCTCHN ADRIA 3719-ET
10/26/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2349
Hendel Farms
DE-SU ODADDY 2327-ET
11/3/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2349
De Su Holsteins LLC
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4541-ET
11/20/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2349
David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush
MORNINGVIEW ROBUST RADIO-ET
6/30/2011
ROYLANE SOCRA ROBUST-ET
2349
Tom J. Schmitt
AB-TY NUMERO UNO BRIUNA-ET
11/24/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2349
AB-TY Genetics
OCD MCCUTCHEN MADISON-ET
11/7/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2348
Oakfield Corners Dairy
T-GEN-AC LAYNE LYCKA-ET
11/13/2012
KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET
2348
Tim Clark
S-S-I SNOWMAN MELLY 8460-ET
10/31/2012
FLEVO GENETICS SNOWMAN-ET
2347
Select Sires Inc.
JC-KOW NUMERO UNO 473-ET
11/4/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2346
JC-Kow Farms LLC
N-SPRINGHOPE HDLINER YES-ET
11/10/2012
SEAGULL-BAY HEADLINER-ET
2346
J Kevin & Barbara Nedrow
EDG CLAIRE CAROLINA-ET
10/23/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2345
Elite Dairy Genomics LLC
DELCATH NUMERO-UNO JAYDA-ET
10/9/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2345
Gary L. Protzman
SANDY-VALLEY MOGL RAMONA-ET
10/25/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2345
Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B
DE-SU UNO 2316-ET
10/30/2012
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET
2344
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2324-ET
11/2/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2344
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU MAYFIELD 2357
11/10/2012
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2344
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU LITHIUM 2266-ET
10/14/2012
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET
2343
De Su Holsteins LLC
DE-SU ODADDY 2304-ET
10/25/2012
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2343
De Su Holsteins LLC
OCD MCCUTCHEN DUBLIN-ET
10/30/2012
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
2343
Oakfield Corners Dairy
COOKIECUTTER MOGUL HARBOR
11/18/2012
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
2342
Denise M. Dickinson
* Expressed relative to a value of 2000 set for the highest animal in the group using the CDN Customized Index Calculator
Please note that not all polled sires are identified on the CDN system
For information on BEI follow this link (Read more: 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows). Between the top three bulls in Table 4 there is little difference when it comes to siring feed efficient cows. A s with Net merit (Table 3) bulls come to the top for BEI when they are rated for their daughters being moderate in stature and body depth, fertile, have moderate depth of udder, are able to resist mastitis, are able to calve in without difficulty (DCE or DCA) and have a long herd life.
PP Polled Bulls
Table 5 PP Bulls Ranked by BEI
CANADIAN
INTERNATIONAL
YOUNG SIRES
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET
CO-OP BOSSIDE MASSEY-ET
FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHMONEY-ET
CRACKHOLM FEVER
COYNE-FARMS DORCY-ET
SOUTHERN-HILLS BAYARD-ET
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
DE-SU CIMARRON-ET
FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHCOIN-ET
ALLYNDALE-I ATTICUS
BADGER-BLUFF FANNY FREDDIE
MR LOOKOUT P ENFORCER-ET
LIRR DREW DEMPSEY
CERVI ALLEMAR ET
CO-OP BOOKEM YUXI-ET
DE-SU GILLESPY-ET
DE-SU GULF-ET
CO-OP MASTER GENO-ET
GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER
BERTAIOLA MINCIO ET
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO ET
GILLETTE JORDAN
GUARINI-ET
TEEMAR OBSERVER ADAM-ET
GEN-I-BEQ TOPSIDE
DE-SU FORK-ET
DE-SU DISTINCTION 11130-ET
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET-ET
DE-SU WATSON
DE-SU UNO 11446-ET
* Expressed relative to a value of 2000 set for the highest animal in the group using the CDN Customized Index Calculator
Please note that not all polled sires are identified on the CDN system
The information in table 5 came from the CDN files (Most listings do not separate out PP bulls.) The only sure way to have all progeny born polled is to use PP bulls. That will limited the total genetic merit of your herd but it will get you to a polled herd more quickly.
Lowering Inbreeding
For breeders using polled sires and interested in lowering the inbreeding level in their herd, we provide a list of bulls that are below average for their inbreeding level (the number in the brackets is their Inbreeding %): Man P (2.73%); Magna P (3.88%); Illegal P (4.46%); Trey PP (4.58%); Snowball P (4.67%); Colt P (5.20%); Earnhardt P (5.78%); and Terrel PP (6.01%).
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The great news is – there is more choice and increased genetic merit than ever before in polled Holstein sires. As we reported previously, polled animals have made significant gains in the last five years when it comes to their total merit indexes relative to horned animals. The Bullvine recommends that breeders include at least three polled sire in the group of sires that they are currently using. In five years you will pat yourself on the back and say ‘Good Decision’. Discerning consumers of milk products want to know that the milk products that they buy come from animals that are humanely cared for.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
Two months ago I had one of those conversations. A friend said to me “you know Murray I am moving on from just simple genomics”. That perked my ears up and I listened more intently. “Yep I am now thinking about epigenomics”, he said. Well that was enough to set me off investigating what is out there that is beyond what our industry is currently considering and using when it comes to genomic. Relax a little, this may seem like rocket science today, but it is in tune with what our industry has always done in the past. We look to find more accurate ways of indentifying the elite animals. Then we figure out how knowing that information gives us ways to make dairy breeders and dairy farming more profitable.
Already Many Steps Too Far?
So now ‘epigenomics’ was pinned to my clipboard. But I didn’t get any further before I had a Master Breeder husband and wife corner me for half an hour and ‘inform’ me that “The Bullvine was leading the industry astray”. They stated to me that “they were from Missouri” and perhaps we should “still only be using the actually officially authenticated information – DHIR records and breed classification results – when it comes to selecting bulls and marketing females. They asked how can we know that the hair pulled and submitted for DNA testing actually came from said animal.” I have known this couple for almost forty years so I took the discussion on to a review great cows of the past and how they would not compare to the great show and brood cows of today. As we started to conclude our conversation the lady, who had been somewhat quiet during our sharing, commented “You (Murray) have a good point about how the genetic evaluation results over our lifetimes have resulted in the fact that we have far superior cows for both conformation and production, but our herd’s current biggest genetic problem is cows not getting back in calf. We just do not now get to have very many ten year old and older cows in our herd, liked we used to.” That gave me the opportunity to talk to them about genomics and having fairly reliable information, early in an animal’s life, on its genetic merit for reproductive traits.
The husband’s concluding comment warmed my heart. “Our grandson plans to come home to our family farm and he tells us that at university his professors are saying the information we have today on genomics is just the start. So don’t give up on us old guys. You folks at The Bullvine just keep giving us the facts and helping the industry do an even better job of breeding dairy cattle. We don’t own a computer but our family keep us quite up-to-date on what The Bullvine is writing about.” Obviously this couple are not as set in their ways as they led me to understand at the start of the conversation.
So if we have just scratched the surface, let’s delve a little deeper.
Epigenomics – What’s That?
By definition, epigenomics is the study of modification of the expression of the genetic material in a cell. Sounds rather out of the norm. Something can alter what the DNA says is the genetic merit of an animal? Let’s think that through a bit more.
As cattle breeders we can all think of times when three full sisters all had very similar performance. And I expect many of us can also remember situations where two of the sisters were very similar but the third sister just did not measure up to the other two. The question that breeders always ask is did the third one not get the good genes, or did she get the good genes but something inhibited her from being able to express them. I have even heard very knowledgeable breeders say that the third one will breed just a good as the other two. How they arrived at that conclusion I am not really certain. But I have seen it happen as they predicted.
Research in mice has shown that the diet of a sire can influence the gene expression of their progeny. So that fits under the definition of epigenomics. Dr. Jacques Chesnais of Semex feels that “there is a definite possibility that epigenomics plays as important role in adaption to the environment. In particular, in our industry, the way we feed and treat a cow in the early stage of pregnancy could affect the calf for a lifetime and therefore affect the future productivity of the herd.” Hearing that made me wonder if the recipient dams of ET calves may have an influence on how those calves pass on their genetics.
Leaders in the study of epigenomics in livestock Dr Marc-Andre Sirard and Dr Claude Robert, Laval University, are currently investigating how epigenomics applies to the bovine and in particular to female reproduction and embryo development. It will be interesting to follow their reports.
There is obviously much to be studied and learned about epigenomics in the bovine. Definitely traits like reproduction, health and immunity are ones that dairy breeders wish to know more about as they relates to inheritance.
So then – What is Nutrigenomics?
The second new kid-on-the-block, so to speak, is nutrigenomics. The study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression. By definition “Nutrigenomics can be described as the influence of genetic variation on nutrition, by correlating gene expression or SNPs with a nutrient’s absorption, metabolism, elimination or biological effects.” Think about it. If we know the genetic make-up of our dairy cows we would be able to design their diets accordingly. Are there cows out there that can make better use of lower quality forages? Wouldn’t that be a boon for the economics of dairy farming. Especially given that feed costs are 52-58% of total dairy enterprise costs and low quality forages are less costly.
I asked two nutritional consultants about this. I got two very different responses. The first one said – “don’t bring that on too quickly I still have another ten to fifteen years in my working career”. The other consultant said “Well it would change my job but if it means dairy farming can be profitable and sustainable and if we can feed the hungry world – well bring it on”.
Expect Genetics to Play an Even Bigger Role in the Future
Investigation by Canadian Dairy Network (CDN) has predicted that, in stable milk pricing times and on milk production focused farms, half of the increased on-farm profits comes from increasing the genetic merit of sires and cows used to produce the next generation of females. With a better understanding and more definitive knowledge of epigenomics and nutrigenomics it could possibly be that 60+% of on-farm profits could be as a result of the genetics used.
From the DNA analysis using hair follicles, breeders now know with 50-70% accuracy the genetic merit of their animals for a host of important traits. Think what might be possible if by including epigenomics and nutrigenomics information. The accuracy levels could rise to 70-80%.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The research phase of studying how epigenomics and nutrigenomics relate to the dairy cow is well underway. We can expect refinements to our genetic evaluation procedures based on what the research tells us. And in time breeders will have information so they can better breed, feed and manage their herds. Stay tuned to the Bullvine for more great insight into these two future changing technologies.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
The fact is that polled has not come to the front page for Holstein and Jersey organizations. As recently as 2012 we could not find published percentages of registrations that there were for polled animals. Perhaps in a couple of months, when the 2013 statistics are published, we may get some stats on polled.
What is Getting Tracked?
We do know that Red and White animals represent about 5% of the Holsteins in North America. However the current thinking appears to be that polled should be even more of a consideration than coat color (Read more: Is Polled the New Red). In case you are wondering, here are some other 2012 facts about Canadian dairy cattle as published by CDN: 5% are from ET; 90.6 % are from A.I. sires; 94.3% are Holsteins; and 3.5% of Holsteins registered were genomically tested. In addition to those stats it would be very interesting to break down polled registrations in the same way.
Where in the World are Polled Animals?
Going beyond North America we found that 50% of Norwegian Red (NRF) calves born in Norway are polled. Nowhere else appears to match that prevalence. Yet there is a naturally 100% polled breed in the UK called Red Polled Cattle. It is a dual milk and meat breed but it is not popular in large intensively managed dairy herds. As well some Jersey breeders are advertising that they are developing polled herds. Two such herds are Dutch Hollow in New York State and Ardachie Polled Jerseys in New Zealand. Of course Holstein breeders will be familiar with the famous polled cow, Golden-Oaks Perk Rae-Red-ET PO EX90 (Read more: GOLDEN-OAKS PERK RAE – 2012 Golden Dam Finalist), a finalist in the The Bullvine’s Golden Dam Competition. She traces back to the Queen of the Breed, Glenridge Citation Roxy EX97.
Is Polled Genetically Competitive?
For decades polled in Holsteins has remained very much on the back burner for breeders because, in general, polled animals were well below average for their total genetic merit and were selected mainly for the presence of the polled gene. A study of the top ten (gLPI) polled males and females born in North America, 2009 to 2013, paints a revised picture for the progress being made by polled animals.
Table 1 Average PA gLPI for Top Ten North American Holsteins Born 2009 to 2013
Name
LPI
Milk
Fat
Prot
%F
%P
Conf
MR LOOKOUT P ENFORCER-ET
3837
2237
91
89
0.06
0.14
15
GENERVATIONS LIQUID GOLD
3607
1655
105
87
0.43
0.29
14
MR CHARTROI ELOQUENT-ET
3507
1885
110
91
0.4
0.27
13
MR LOOKOUT P EMBARGO-ET
3467
1827
101
71
0.32
0.11
16
DE-SU DISTINCTION 11130-ET
3447
1954
101
74
0.28
0.08
14
SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET
3446
2613
116
89
0.19
0.04
10
SEAGULL-BAY PLATINUM-ETS
3388
2560
101
94
0.07
0.11
11
SEAGULL-BAY DIAMOND-ETS
3388
2560
101
94
0.07
0.11
11
STANTONS BOOKKEEPER
3361
2021
76
83
0.03
0.17
14
FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHMONEY-ET
3356
1632
95
68
0.34
0.14
13
TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET
3353
1384
97
69
0.45
0.21
14
ROYLANE BOOKEM BOB 5170-ET
3351
2022
96
94
0.22
0.27
10
SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET
3343
2458
93
87
0.01
0.06
10
RMW ANCHOR-ET
3329
1826
108
59
0.39
-0.01
15
SULLY MCCORD 269-ET
3327
1958
106
73
0.33
0.1
12
SEAGULL-BAY SHAW-ET
3326
2891
97
95
-0.11
0
10
MR LOOKOUT PSC ALTADRUM-ET
3319
1673
96
80
0.32
0.22
10
DIRT-ROAD MANOMAN CARREW-ET
3316
1600
102
92
0.41
0.36
8
HOOD M-O-M EMMETT-ET
3306
1730
92
80
0.26
0.21
11
GENERVATIONS FUZION
3305
1667
93
83
0.3
0.25
10
FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHCOIN-ET
3305
1899
104
72
0.34
0.09
12
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
3299
2004
94
79
0.19
0.1
15
END-ROAD PEOTI BERRY
3298
1655
95
83
0.32
0.26
12
MISTY SPRINGS NUMBER ONE
3298
1396
107
71
0.54
0.23
14
OCD O-STYLE SALVATORE-ET
3293
2962
103
95
-0.05
-0.02
10
GENERVATIONS LEXOR
3286
1726
91
87
0.26
0.27
12
DE-SU RB MONTREAL 11043-ET
3285
1882
102
80
0.33
0.19
13
TRIONE NIAGRA VIGOR-ET
3280
3211
106
113
-0.15
0.06
5
BOLDI V LIGHTSNOW
3273
2506
114
92
0.22
0.12
11
SULLY MORDEN 270-ET
3264
1819
108
72
0.4
0.13
10
BUTZ-BUTLER SHOTGLASS-ET
3262
2697
93
84
-0.07
-0.03
10
VELTHUIS LET IT SNOW
3258
2546
89
96
-0.05
0.13
16
DE-SU RB MOONRAY 11038-ET
3257
2202
124
86
0.43
0.15
7
TEEMAR OBSERVER ADAM-ET
3251
2423
89
80
-0.01
0.01
14
S-S-I PEOTI MANSUR-ET
3239
1548
91
76
0.32
0.23
10
COOKIECUTTER HEFTY-ET
3237
1917
88
84
0.15
0.18
14
S-S-I PEOTI MOWGLI-ET
3235
1436
90
75
0.34
0.25
10
OMANOMAN
3214
2426
110
88
0.18
0.07
11
COOKIECUTTER MOM HUNTER-ET
3214
1838
88
76
0.18
0.13
14
HENDEL MANCINI-ET
3207
2611
99
79
0.02
-0.05
11
MICHIGAN BUMBLEBEE-ET
3207
1958
98
75
0.27
0.11
12
DE-SU FREDDIE GALAXY-ET
3203
2399
96
81
0.06
0.02
12
VELTHUIS SG EVERLASTING
3197
2693
101
95
0.01
0.07
12
DE-SU ROBUST MADRID 1209-ET
3197
2296
118
86
0.34
0.11
8
MR WABASH-WAY ENCINO-ET
3197
2032
83
82
0.05
0.12
14
GENERVATIONS GIZMO
3195
1899
82
77
0.12
0.12
14
S-S-I SNOWMAN MCGYVER-ET
3192
2797
98
90
-0.06
0
10
S-S-I SNOWMAN DOUBLETAKE-ET
3191
3251
98
99
-0.22
-0.05
11
DE-SU ALTAJACKMAN-ET
3189
2248
87
83
0.03
0.1
10
SEAGULL-BAY HEADLINER-ET
3188
1952
99
77
0.25
0.13
11
MARBRI FACEBOOK
3188
1925
106
71
0.33
0.06
12
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
3187
1905
88
67
0.16
0.04
14
BOMAZ ROBUST TOOLSHOP-ET
3186
1562
112
84
0.51
0.31
8
GREENLANE SUNNYLODGE SEA
3186
2075
105
78
0.26
0.08
12
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
3184
1869
81
72
0.13
0.11
16
BERGITTE HATLEY
3183
2256
109
83
0.25
0.08
13
O-BEE LIGHTNING BOLTON
3177
3152
123
100
0.04
-0.01
8
CO-OP BOOKEM YUXI-ET
3177
1880
68
73
-0.01
0.11
13
DE-SU PHOENIX 588-ET
3175
2836
117
97
0.12
0.05
9
COOMBOONA OMAN EVERETT-IMP-ET
3174
1922
89
79
0.16
0.13
10
SULLY MUNITION-ET
3173
2262
94
83
0.11
0.09
10
COYNE-FARMS SHOTTLE YAN-ET
3168
3390
112
112
-0.14
0.02
6
MR CHARTROISE ELDORADO-ET
3168
1625
83
75
0.22
0.2
15
MR MAN-O-MAN 491-ET
3167
1630
94
77
0.3
0.21
13
LOOKOUT P ETERNITY
3166
2820
84
84
-0.2
-0.08
12
PIROLO SOLEMIO-ET
3163
1353
84
68
0.31
0.21
12
S-S-I BOOKEM MORGAN-ET
3159
2121
85
76
0.06
0.06
10
DE-SU JEROD 1223-ET
3153
1968
95
64
0.22
0
13
KOEPON ALTACLASSMAN
3151
1759
97
78
0.31
0.17
10
SULLY ALTAMERCI-ET
3150
2336
100
87
0.15
0.11
7
DE-SU MCMILLEN 11077-ET
3147
1730
110
68
0.46
0.11
11
BOUW MOM COS-ET
3147
1424
109
67
0.55
0.17
13
LEOTHE DEXTERMAN
3144
1140
105
70
0.62
0.3
10
CO-OP MASTER GENO-ET
3141
1762
109
68
0.43
0.1
7
CO-OP BOOKEM YOWZA-ET
3135
2050
79
83
0.04
0.15
8
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO ET
3125
1157
88
54
0.43
0.13
14
BACON-HILL O MOHAWK-ET
3124
3040
90
92
-0.23
-0.07
9
BOMAZ ALTABETTMAN-ET
3124
1554
108
81
0.48
0.29
6
RI-VAL-RE NELY-ET
3123
1916
92
80
0.19
0.16
11
DE-SU MARVIN 11090-ET
3119
1655
103
71
0.41
0.16
9
BERGITTE HATBOX
3119
1681
98
69
0.36
0.13
15
DE-SU BK DISTRIBUTE 1150-ET
3118
1873
87
75
0.18
0.13
13
HY-JO-DE OBSERVER LOREN-ET
3108
2225
80
76
-0.03
0.03
14
S-S-I ROBUST TOPAZ-ET
3105
2090
105
83
0.26
0.16
5
VELTHUIS SG LIMITATION
3104
2847
91
91
-0.14
-0.01
12
CABON FERNAND
3103
1672
94
73
0.29
0.15
10
FROHLAND LAUMAN
3101
2835
92
88
-0.14
-0.05
10
COMESTAR LAUSMART
3101
2835
92
88
-0.14
-0.05
10
DE-SU FRED MIDLAND 1260-ET
3101
2235
96
78
0.13
0.05
9
CO-OP ROBUST CABRIOLET-ET
3099
1908
111
75
0.4
0.13
6
S-S-I OBSERVER MANTLE-ET
3099
1755
80
70
0.14
0.12
12
ROCKYMOUNTAIN ALTAREMUS
3097
1937
96
84
0.23
0.21
5
DIRT-ROAD MANO CLEMENTE-ET
3095
1278
109
77
0.59
0.32
11
LARS-ACRES FRANKINSTEIN-ET
3090
1637
92
72
0.3
0.19
8
VELTHUIS ALPINE
3089
2151
97
78
0.17
0.09
12
MISTY SPRINGS BRACKLEY
3088
1412
104
71
0.49
0.22
11
DE-SU ROBUST ZEUS 11009-ET
3086
2201
88
75
0.06
0.03
9
DE-SU ALTAJOHNSON-ET
3084
2873
82
88
-0.25
-0.05
11
MAPEL WOOD LANYARD
3078
1758
85
82
0.2
0.21
13
SILA WWS MOM WILAND ET
3074
1717
85
89
0.2
0.3
6
GENERVATIONS ENSIGN
3070
1521
99
71
0.41
0.18
9
HAMMER-CREEK ALTAKOOL-ET
3070
1590
66
68
0.05
0.13
15
TOM-ANNA MAN-O-MAN 80
3070
1092
91
66
0.49
0.27
13
COYNE-FARMS JACEY CRI-ET
3069
2000
72
78
-0.04
0.12
11
S-S-I SNOWMAN MENTOR-ET
3068
2513
78
88
-0.15
0.07
11
HAMMER-CREEK M-M KODIAK-ET
3064
1492
76
75
0.17
0.23
13
HOOD M-O-M EMRAY-ET
3064
1753
101
74
0.35
0.15
10
DE-SU 1256 VINTAGE-ET
3061
2562
91
88
-0.05
0.03
9
COYNE-FARMS BRONCO YENNY-ET
3061
2570
84
85
-0.12
0.01
9
LARCREST CRYPTON-ET
3059
1202
103
63
0.57
0.21
13
VAL-BISSON DOORMAN
3057
1361
69
62
0.19
0.17
19
SULLY HARTFORD SWMN MINK-ET
3055
2278
80
81
-0.03
0.08
14
MAPEL WOOD BOULDER
3055
1424
96
70
0.41
0.19
11
S-S-I SNOWMAN MAYFLOWER-ET
3049
2929
87
96
-0.22
0.01
9
LYNNCREST DORCY ZUMBA-ET
3049
1972
92
61
0.18
-0.03
16
VELTHUIS S G SHARK
3048
1921
109
85
0.36
0.19
7
S-S-I PATRIOT MADE-ET
3048
1590
74
63
0.14
0.09
14
RMW ARMITAGE
3047
1482
86
70
0.29
0.18
11
HENDEL MAINSTAY-ET
3046
3047
90
93
-0.21
-0.04
11
CO-OP RADIANT-ET
3046
2113
103
82
0.24
0.13
8
VELTHUIS R DEVAN
3046
1835
88
68
0.2
0.1
14
SPRUCE-HAVEN ALTAARTURO-ET
3045
2253
63
84
-0.2
0.09
12
DE-SU RB SKYLINE 1390-ET
3045
1747
96
66
0.32
0.1
9
WELCOME GRANPA
3044
2085
128
87
0.48
0.18
5
SULLY HARTFORD SWMN MYTH-ET
3043
3186
87
100
-0.29
-0.02
11
WEIGELINE OBSERVE PUZZLE-ET
3042
2234
83
72
-0.01
-0.01
11
DE-SU O MACON 1000-ET
3041
2002
75
80
0
0.15
13
LARCREST CREDIBLE-ET
3041
1790
97
69
0.31
0.11
12
COMESTAR LOBSTER
3040
1524
78
71
0.2
0.17
11
GENERVATIONS WILLPOWER
3039
1827
81
77
0.14
0.15
13
STANTONS EVEREST
3039
2087
93
71
0.17
0.04
9
HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET
3038
1952
70
67
-0.04
0.03
10
BOMAZ ALTARUSWIL-ET
3036
1918
111
71
0.4
0.09
12
BENRISE BRAXTON
3035
2150
88
76
0.07
0.04
12
MARBRI BRANTLEY
3035
2150
88
76
0.07
0.04
12
DE-SU ROOKIE 11057-ET
3035
1952
98
71
0.27
0.07
10
DE-SU GRIFFEY 11014-ET
3034
2626
89
84
-0.08
-0.01
9
GEN-COM BLIZZARD
3028
2435
93
86
0.04
0.07
12
VELTHUIS SG EVEN MORE
3028
1649
92
75
0.3
0.18
11
BALLYCAIRN PLANET MAXIMIZE ET
3026
2336
97
81
0.11
0.05
10
DE-SU 11006 REDWOOD-ET
3025
2310
101
78
0.14
0.02
7
GALLAIS FEELING
3023
2210
95
97
0.12
0.22
7
GEN-I-BEQ LAVAMAN
3023
1175
81
78
0.37
0.35
10
MR OCD ROBUST DONATELLO-ET
3022
2069
96
74
0.19
0.07
12
HAMMER-CREEK OB KEYBOARD-ET
3021
2283
84
79
-0.02
0.03
8
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
3020
1825
98
75
0.32
0.15
14
CO-OP UPD BOOKEM YALE-ET
3019
2054
74
83
-0.01
0.16
8
CO-OP IOTA TUSCOBIA
3019
2342
86
82
-0.02
0.05
11
SULLY ROBUST MONOCEROTIS-ET
3017
2457
88
84
-0.02
0.04
8
OCD MAN-O-MAN FINCH-ET
3014
1583
80
67
0.19
0.13
15
LADYS-MANOR RD GRAFEETI-ET
3014
1341
99
56
0.47
0.13
10
OCONNORS BAROMETER
3012
1354
102
59
0.52
0.14
9
TEEMAR OBSERVER ALMONZO-ET
3008
1949
96
75
0.23
0.11
11
AMMON-PEACHEY SNOW SPADE-ET
3005
2450
99
89
0.06
0.09
10
WOODCREST OBSERVER YODA
3005
2037
88
82
0.13
0.17
7
WILLSBRO GATEAU ET
3003
1356
79
71
0.27
0.24
11
SOUTHERN-HILLS BAYARD-ET
3002
1510
70
62
0.13
0.12
11
WEIGELINE ALTAVISTA-ET
3001
1739
101
71
0.38
0.17
7
DE-SU ALTAGILCREST-ET
3000
2772
91
84
-0.11
-0.06
9
SULLY HARTFORD MIRROR-ET
2999
2570
88
89
-0.06
0.07
11
DE-SU BKM QUEST 11004-ET
2998
1326
96
77
0.48
0.32
8
RO-CO ALTAEIFFEL-ET
2997
2774
92
87
-0.1
-0.02
12
MORNINGVIEW BOOKEM LUCID-ET
2997
2463
71
81
-0.19
0.01
11
OCD ROBUST SMOKIN JO-ET
2997
1747
102
69
0.39
0.13
9
SULLY HART DENIM MAHUVA-ET
2996
1827
92
77
0.25
0.17
7
MR BREMER BRI-CHRI SHARK-ET
2996
1496
111
71
0.55
0.19
12
ZIMMER ARCHIE
2995
2659
104
86
0.04
0
13
MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET
2994
1821
98
81
0.29
0.2
6
GIBBS M-M DENALLI-ET
2993
2068
77
81
-0.01
0.11
11
VISION-GEN SHF ACHILLES-ET
2992
2340
89
81
0
0.05
10
SHANAEL-I GOMAIL
2990
2644
104
85
0.05
-0.01
11
APINA ALTAEMBASSY
2989
2163
91
64
0.1
-0.05
10
DE-SU RENNIE 11023-ET
2988
2026
108
70
0.32
0.04
8
DE-SU 1362 ICHABOD-ET
2986
2256
90
79
0.06
0.06
11
GENERVATIONS EPIC
2985
2184
60
71
-0.2
0
13
DE-SU BOOKEM XBOX 1061-ET
2983
2217
72
75
-0.1
0.02
15
HOLBRIC-ML LIMOCAR-ET
2982
1474
81
69
0.25
0.18
13
FRATI SERBO-ET
2981
2228
83
79
-0.01
0.04
9
SIEMERS SHAMROCK ROZ-MAN-ET
2981
1958
78
69
0.05
0.04
13
S-S-I OBSERVER MAYS-ET
2980
1840
80
70
0.11
0.1
10
COOKIECUTTER HABANERO-ET
2980
1373
87
68
0.34
0.19
13
VELTHUIS SNOWDAY
2979
2189
82
72
0.01
0.01
13
BENNER BRIGADE
2979
1383
108
57
0.56
0.13
11
ROSYLANE-LLC ALTANETBOOK
2978
1699
89
81
0.26
0.24
4
VEKIS CHEVROLET-ET
2977
2455
87
81
-0.06
0.01
7
GEN-I-BEQ AIKMAN
2977
1980
106
78
0.31
0.14
10
DE-SU TRIGGER UPTON 985-ET
2975
2019
92
72
0.17
0.07
11
ZANDENBURG MOTEGA
2974
2699
115
85
0.15
-0.02
10
STANTONS EMPRESS
2974
1452
88
72
0.32
0.22
10
SEAGULL-BAY CONTENDER-ET
2972
2241
92
94
0.09
0.2
9
DE-SU 1006-ET
2972
2330
81
85
-0.05
0.09
12
BOMAZ ALTAFANATIC
2972
2682
93
82
-0.07
-0.05
6
ROSYLANE-LLC ALTALEO-ET
2971
1617
83
74
0.23
0.2
8
WEBB-VUE M-O-M MANNA-ET
2971
1836
75
73
0.06
0.1
13
RMW DORCY AMBROSE-ET
2969
1706
73
51
0.08
-0.03
16
MELARRY ROBUST MILES-ET
2966
1781
105
70
0.37
0.12
10
ELEFANTI MAN OMAN OBI ET
2965
2376
88
87
0
0.06
10
TEEMAR OBSERVER ALBERT-ET
2963
1857
84
75
0.16
0.14
10
DE-SU ALTAMANNY-ET
2962
2735
78
88
-0.23
0
9
WELCOME PEOTI-ET
2962
1299
88
75
0.37
0.29
10
J-DUBZ TME MANOMAN ELMO-ET
2961
2096
76
81
-0.03
0.09
9
HURTGENLEA MATTOON CRI-ET
2961
2073
111
81
0.35
0.12
7
COYNE-FARMS DORCY YIM-ET
2961
2260
67
61
-0.17
-0.12
14
HARRY MR-ET
2961
1476
79
60
0.24
0.11
16
HOLBRA-I PREVAIL
2960
2167
97
83
0.16
0.14
9
COYNE-FARMS IOTA JAMES-ET
2960
2155
84
75
0.04
0.05
8
VISION-GEN SHF ANDERSON-ET
2959
1870
84
65
0.13
0.05
10
RUGG-DOC ARTFUL-ET
2958
1812
105
72
0.36
0.13
11
DE-SU DEMETRIUS 777-ET
2957
1588
79
66
0.17
0.11
8
KOEPON ALTACONSUS
2957
882
82
62
0.49
0.3
13
MAPEL WOOD BANDANA
2954
1381
79
72
0.26
0.23
11
BENNER BROCADE
2953
2086
108
69
0.3
0.02
10
KOEPON 7799
2952
2134
95
75
0.15
0.05
6
ALL.NURE BONUCCI-ET
2951
2564
93
82
-0.02
-0.01
11
VELTHUIS R DALMENY
2951
1626
83
69
0.22
0.17
14
FARNEAR-TBR-BH MOVIERUSH-ET
2950
2391
96
81
0.07
0.03
7
MAJESTIC
2948
2534
99
96
0.05
0.1
8
HONEYCREST BOOKEM GLOSSY-ET
2948
2167
85
81
0.06
0.11
10
CASTELBOSCO G PLANET HARCOS
2946
2137
92
74
0.12
0.04
11
S-S-I COBRA MCLOVIN-ET
2946
1249
100
63
0.53
0.22
8
DE-SU 989-ET
2944
2492
79
84
-0.13
0.03
13
VELTHUIS SG LIBERO
2944
2580
85
83
-0.11
-0.01
12
MISTY SPRINGS APOLLO
2942
1752
91
76
0.25
0.16
9
CHARTROISE SMURF
2941
2798
81
85
-0.22
-0.04
13
S-S-I SNOWMAN MONTERO-ET
2941
2260
87
84
0.02
0.09
13
DE VOLMER MOM ELSA
2938
1789
79
72
0.11
0.11
13
DE-SU FREDDIE GUNNER-ET
2937
2248
89
76
0.04
0.03
10
LARCREST ALTASNOWCREST-ET
2937
1879
103
68
0.33
0.08
12
LORKA QUIDAM
2937
1849
86
67
0.17
0.06
10
GENERVATIONS LINGO
2936
1582
63
75
0.04
0.2
13
S-S-I SOTO MUNCY-ET
2936
2069
74
74
-0.03
0.06
9
DE-SU SMK DOLLARS 1309-ET
2936
1880
82
59
0.12
-0.03
13
LESPEREE GLOBAL
2933
1839
77
73
0.09
0.13
14
COYNE-MCGARR OBSRVER BEN-ET
2932
1628
85
60
0.23
0.06
16
JOLIBOIS TAG OBSCUR
2931
1383
70
64
0.19
0.17
14
DE-SU ALTASTACKED-ET
2929
2155
80
73
-0.01
0.02
9
CO-OP RAINIER-ET
2929
1970
120
72
0.46
0.08
5
LADYS-MANOR RD SHIMONE-ET
2929
1315
89
66
0.38
0.2
12
DE-SU ROBUST ERIC 11024-ET
2929
1425
80
61
0.27
0.15
10
O-BEE MAN-O-MAN BRIGADOON
2926
1982
90
82
0.16
0.13
11
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MIXER-ET
2926
1771
73
70
0.07
0.13
13
GILLETTE MR JOHNSON
2925
2328
79
76
-0.07
0.01
13
GILLETTE JANUARY
2925
2328
79
76
-0.07
0.01
13
WOODCREST YASIR-ET
2925
2096
90
72
0.12
0.04
10
VELTHUIS SG ELECTRIC
2924
2874
98
91
-0.07
-0.02
11
EVEN-PAR ZUMA
2924
2156
92
83
0.11
0.12
7
MR OCD SNOWMAN DOWNTOWN-ET
2923
2944
103
93
-0.06
-0.02
9
RON-NENE MAN DAGGER-ET
2923
1699
74
66
0.11
0.08
11
HOLBRA-I PERSUADE
2922
1943
96
87
0.22
0.24
9
SILA WWS SUPERMAN ET
2921
2370
59
90
-0.3
0.12
8
FAMOUS MAN
2921
1774
68
82
0.01
0.21
10
SIM024 FABULOUS
2919
1870
86
76
0.17
0.15
8
BOMAZ SHAMROCK MANOR-ET
2919
1524
96
65
0.38
0.14
10
GLAUDALE BRUNO
2918
2092
84
82
0.06
0.11
11
MR OCD ROBUST DANTE-ET
2917
2248
93
81
0.1
0.08
8
SANDY-VALLEY SALOON-ET
2917
2285
78
77
-0.06
0.03
14
AMMON-PEACHEY MITCH-ET
2917
2021
68
74
-0.06
0.09
12
HAMMER-CREEK M-O-M KIRBY-ET
2916
932
61
64
0.24
0.31
14
STANTONS EXTRACT
2915
3013
91
86
-0.21
-0.11
11
LARCREST COURAGEOUS-ET
2915
2077
97
73
0.2
0.06
8
OCONNORS BMW
2915
1512
85
69
0.27
0.16
11
DE-SU GRAZE 11125-ET
2915
2130
88
63
0.1
-0.06
12
LARCREST CLUMBO-ET
2915
1499
103
60
0.48
0.11
14
GEPAQUETTE ALTARAY-ET
2914
2267
92
71
0.09
-0.02
12
DE-SU 966-ET
2914
1687
69
59
0.05
0.04
10
DE-SU ALTASHAKE-ET
2913
912
88
62
0.53
0.29
10
B&Z SSI JARVIS OLYMPIC-ET
2912
2066
96
77
0.2
0.09
6
S-S-I SHAMROCK DIMAGGIO-ET
2912
1889
86
69
0.16
0.08
12
PLAIN-KNOLL MAN-O-MAN WRAP
2912
1100
61
61
0.19
0.22
15
MILLER-FF IOTA EDWIN-ET
2912
1540
83
59
0.24
0.09
15
CURRAJUGLE GONZO
2911
2278
94
78
0.11
0.03
5
CO-OP RB RBT YOVANI-ET
2911
1570
86
76
0.27
0.24
4
HELMERS OBSERVER MERCER-TW
2911
2035
99
71
0.24
0.05
10
PELLERAT DVD
2911
1097
72
62
0.3
0.23
13
DOROW OMAN SAW GOSZINYA-TW
2910
1644
107
83
0.43
0.26
5
REGANCREST-PJ TONIC-ET
2910
1613
85
76
0.22
0.2
11
RONLAND MANOMAN JACKPOT-ET
2910
1741
73
75
0.07
0.14
11
CAPS MALOOT-ET
2909
1551
80
72
0.22
0.2
12
DE-SU ALTAPLENTIFUL-ET
2908
2499
108
84
0.15
0.02
9
FLY-HIGHER MONSOON-ET
2908
2535
77
80
-0.17
-0.02
12
STANTONS SNWMN EA ELDO
2908
2466
80
75
-0.12
-0.04
14
COOKIECUTTER MOM HUGHES-ET
2908
1571
74
73
0.13
0.17
12
MANOUK-ET
2908
1269
77
69
0.27
0.24
13
DE-SU AGENT-ET
2907
2406
78
78
-0.1
0
11
DPR CARAMINATOR
2907
1642
80
70
0.2
0.17
14
DE-SU GULF FRISCO-ET
2906
2564
79
79
-0.18
-0.04
9
ZIMMER APOLLO
2904
2017
81
74
0.07
0.08
11
REGANCREST-KF OBSV BRONO-ET
2904
1797
84
74
0.17
0.15
11
B-WIL SHAMROCK LICORICE
2904
1443
72
65
0.18
0.15
13
LOOKOUT P EMBRACING
2904
1378
69
54
0.17
0.08
14
COMESTAR LOPPORTUNIST
2903
2498
95
82
0.04
0.01
14
TRIFECTA OBSERV SOPRANO-ET
2903
1375
67
61
0.15
0.16
16
BACON-HILL MONTAWK-ET
2902
2642
103
82
0.05
-0.04
8
GENERVATIONS LATIMER
2901
1758
70
72
0.03
0.14
9
MATCREST SHAMROCK GUY-ET
2901
2093
95
66
0.16
-0.03
10
MR LOOKOUT P ENRIQUE-ET
2901
1758
99
60
0.32
0.02
13
LIBU INSEME ATTILA ET TV TL
2899
1162
75
64
0.31
0.22
13
FLY-HIGHER MANCAVE-ET
2898
2153
77
72
-0.01
0.02
12
PLAIN-KNOLL FRED T FRAZIER
2897
1665
78
72
0.16
0.18
10
MR PRIDE M-O-M TRAVINO-ET
2896
1748
67
76
0.02
0.15
12
DE-SU OBSERVER-ET
2896
2202
91
74
0.09
0.03
11
MYSTIQUE AVIATEUR
2896
1441
86
73
0.29
0.22
11
MELARRY BOOKEM MICROSOFT-TW
2895
1508
83
66
0.27
0.16
10
GENERVATIONS EQUINOX
2893
1956
86
74
0.12
0.08
10
AL-LEW OBS ALVEREZ 1105-ET
2893
2033
86
70
0.09
0.04
13
AMIGHETTI MAN.OMAN CASTORE ET
2893
958
81
60
0.43
0.26
13
CAGNI INSEME NIMITZ ET
2892
1620
83
79
0.21
0.24
10
COMESTAR LAUTOPO
2892
2173
86
73
0.05
0.02
11
LARCREST CAIRO-ET
2892
1145
96
63
0.52
0.23
13
DINOMI TAG SB SABLE C998-ET
2891
1948
98
66
0.26
0.02
12
WELCOME COBRA GRIZZLEY-ET
2891
1493
105
65
0.49
0.16
7
AJDH ALTAAGENCY
2891
1488
56
56
0
0.08
15
SEAGULL-BAY MONEYTRAIN-ET
2890
2138
91
82
0.11
0.11
6
DE-SU 1058-ET
2889
1886
54
74
-0.15
0.11
13
MISTY SPRINGS AMAK
2889
1773
87
74
0.21
0.17
9
JONGSTEINS ALTAHAVANA
2889
1340
75
70
0.24
0.23
12
DE-SU FREDD JAGGER 974-ET
2888
1529
74
62
0.16
0.12
10
NOG BROSCO
2887
2344
74
91
-0.12
0.14
8
DE-SU 770 STELLAR-ET
2886
1735
87
72
0.21
0.12
5
M-GEE SARAID-IMP-ET
2886
1624
90
70
0.28
0.14
10
LANGS-TWIN-B ODESSY-ET
2886
1947
86
67
0.14
0.04
11
MR MAN O MAN 490-ET
2885
1495
83
75
0.26
0.23
11
DE-SU 959-ET
2885
1562
70
68
0.13
0.16
13
SOUTHLAND EXPLODE 7154
2885
1190
71
51
0.27
0.12
15
STANTONS EROSION
2884
2633
99
75
0.01
-0.08
14
ZIMMER BUD LIGHT
2884
1649
92
69
0.29
0.14
11
JK EDER-I CONTROL
2882
1933
60
70
-0.11
0.08
17
DIRT-ROAD FRED COMMANCHE-ET
2882
1357
103
68
0.51
0.24
5
NED-EL MAN-O-MAN BOYOBOY-ET
2882
1419
74
63
0.21
0.14
11
WELCOME-TEL SNOWDROP-ET
2881
2148
96
74
0.16
0.04
9
O-BEE KANSO-ET
2880
1712
78
81
0.12
0.22
10
TER BEEK ALTAGHOST
2880
1276
79
71
0.29
0.26
10
NEU-WAY ALDON
2879
2526
114
84
0.22
0.01
8
STE ODILE BLANCHON
2879
2230
94
75
0.11
0.03
13
APINA FREDERICK
2878
1955
79
60
0.06
-0.03
10
CANGEN JETSNOW
2877
2230
99
81
0.16
0.09
10
HAMMER-CREEK KOZAK-ET
2875
1749
83
63
0.15
0.04
13
NO-FLA EMULATE 30309-ET
2873
1843
81
70
0.14
0.09
9
COMESTAR LAUTAMARCUS
2872
1774
69
73
0.01
0.11
10
LARCREST CAGEY-ET
2872
1876
92
66
0.22
0.06
12
S-S-I KRAMER MONEYMAKER-ET
2872
840
83
55
0.5
0.27
10
FUSTEAD NIAGRA SYRUP-ET
2871
2316
95
95
0.09
0.19
4
SPRUCE-HAVEN SIOUX-ET
2871
1721
105
77
0.41
0.21
8
LOUISELLE D EXTASE
2871
2335
93
72
0.07
-0.06
9
ROYLANE BOOKEM SARG 5137-ET
2870
1864
77
71
0.08
0.09
9
AQUILA ALTASEDARA
2869
1962
72
69
-0.01
0.05
11
SOUTHLAND DELLODE
2869
1460
68
62
0.13
0.13
13
BARCHI ROCKY ET
2868
1783
100
79
0.32
0.18
8
S-S-I OBSERVER MEMPHIS-ET
2868
1358
98
72
0.48
0.28
6
CASTELBOSCO INSEME G IMPULS ET
2867
1871
92
75
0.21
0.11
6
S-S-I ROBUST DAUGHTRY-ET
2866
1738
101
70
0.36
0.13
5
BOMAZ FERRIS 1234-ET
2866
1494
110
62
0.54
0.13
6
NEU-WAY AIRPORT-ET
2865
2675
96
85
-0.04
-0.02
10
SPRINGWAY CELEBRATE-ET
2865
1872
73
84
0.02
0.2
11
CO-OP BOOKEM YIELDER-ET
2865
2066
71
80
-0.06
0.11
8
MR LOOKOUT PESCE BRAVADO-ET
2865
1914
77
75
0.05
0.1
11
MS S-S-I PLANET SHO-ET
2864
2121
96
78
0.18
0.08
9
JEANNIESTAR STARMAN
2863
2373
76
84
-0.11
0.05
16
GOLD-N-OAKS RR ARBELL-ET
2863
2434
96
74
0.05
-0.04
13
NO-FLA ALTAEVERGLADE-ET
2863
1378
92
74
0.4
0.28
3
DE-SU DORCY MOONBOY 954-ET
2862
1916
46
61
-0.24
-0.02
14
FANTOMAS
2861
1860
77
89
0.07
0.24
7
PILOT MR
2861
1508
75
65
0.17
0.14
12
DE-SU 1251 VANDY-ET
2859
2485
90
84
-0.01
0.03
6
MR AUBREY OBSERVE ART-ET
2859
2050
76
60
0
-0.06
15
SANDY-VALLEY LYDUS-ET
2859
1077
86
56
0.44
0.17
11
RI-VAL-RE TRIGGER NESTOR-ET
2857
2091
62
81
-0.16
0.11
9
LANGS-TWIN-B OBSV CORBY-ET
2856
1871
86
63
0.15
0.01
12
STANTONS ELECTRIFIED
2855
2150
71
75
-0.09
0.06
11
DE-SU RANSOM-ET
2855
1427
80
61
0.26
0.14
8
NO-FLA HURST-ET
2854
1471
65
64
0.09
0.16
11
DE-SU 949-ET
2854
1619
58
62
-0.01
0.09
11
SANDY-VALLEY MR MACKINAW-ET
2853
1805
84
68
0.18
0.09
11
FARNEAR-TBR-BH LANCE-ET
2853
1678
90
65
0.27
0.09
9
S-S-I TONIC LEAGUE-ET
2853
1325
86
59
0.38
0.15
9
VELTHUIS LONGSHOT
2852
2594
91
94
-0.05
0.09
9
DE-SU 926 TICTOC-ET
2852
2279
75
74
-0.1
0
13
ROYLANE BOOKEM KRUZ 5454-ET
2850
1666
93
82
0.32
0.27
7
MANDELYN COPPER
2850
1329
76
63
0.25
0.16
13
DEER-BROOK NOBEL-ET
2848
2588
85
91
-0.11
0.06
7
FRANCO MAN
2848
1866
75
77
0.05
0.16
9
DE-SU 964-ET
2848
2479
78
68
-0.14
-0.12
11
NO-FLA PATRON-ET
2848
1854
67
66
-0.01
0.05
10
LADYS-MANOR OBS DIEGO-ET
2848
1164
86
56
0.42
0.17
14
AMIGHETTI M-O-MAN MAGNIFICO ET
2848
765
80
51
0.5
0.23
13
HOWARD-VIEW LAUTITUDE
2847
1636
92
78
0.29
0.21
8
WELCOME GERALD-ET
2847
1107
107
72
0.64
0.32
8
SANDY-VALLEY LOYALTY-ET
2846
1400
101
58
0.49
0.11
10
GENERVATIONS LOYAL
2845
1570
76
75
0.17
0.21
10
GEPAQUETTE REBUCK
2845
1614
99
58
0.4
0.05
9
WILTOR SMOKIN JOE ET
2844
2100
88
74
0.1
0.06
10
ROSYLANE-LLC ALTABARNEY
2843
1998
86
80
0.11
0.15
5
PINE-TREE ALTAOAK-ET
2843
2103
89
77
0.11
0.09
8
SANDY-VALLEY MR MIAMI-ET
2843
1827
80
73
0.14
0.13
12
S-S-I AVERY OZARK-ET
2843
1891
73
71
0.01
0.07
13
FUREUR ISY
2843
1786
106
70
0.37
0.1
8
MR MAN-O-MAN BABY FACE-ET
2843
871
88
59
0.53
0.26
12
MR LOOKOUT P BONA FIDE-ET
2842
2250
72
78
-0.14
0.02
14
T&L-HAVEN MNOMN TRAIN
2842
1278
62
68
0.13
0.23
12
TAYCAS BEACON VALOR-ET
2841
1794
87
63
0.2
0.05
13
DE-SU 1334 WAMPLER-ET
2840
1988
85
85
0.1
0.19
8
* Males must be A.I. coded /sampled
** Part years only (Males 4 months / Females 9 months)
*** Information sourced from CDN files
**** All LPI values are reproted using the 2013 base
The total merit of top polled Holsteins has made significant progress in recent years. In 2009 the top ten polled animals were, on average, 700 – 800 LPI points behind their horned counter parts. However just four years later, in 2013, the difference was only 400 – 450 LPI points. Top polled animals increased by 175 to 200 LPI points year over year while top horned animals were increasing by 110 LPI points. In percentage terms top polled outdid top horned by 60% – 80%. It should be noted that these gains were made by breeders using genomic indexes and selecting very elite animals as the parents to produce polled progeny. Great results!
Top Polled or Horned –What’s the Difference?
The following table compares values for top polled and top horned animals for gLPI and its components (Production, Durability and Health & Fertility).
Table 2 Genetic Merit Comparison of Top Ten Genomically Test Holsteins Born in 2012 & 2013
Name
LPI
Milk
Fat
Prot
%F
%P
Conf
STANTONS ELABORATE
2351
725
59
29
0.32
0.05
21
GEN-I-BEQ AFTERBLOSS
1375
543
9
9
-0.12
-0.09
20
VAL-BISSON DOORMAN
3057
1361
69
62
0.19
0.17
19
VELTHUIS SG ATHENS
2527
1355
53
42
0.03
-0.03
19
LADYS-MANOR SAVIOR-ET
2116
570
55
19
0.34
0.01
19
LISMORE CLARK CABLE-ET
1814
148
36
12
0.3
0.08
19
REGANCREST-GV S BRADNICK-ET
1562
1135
7
28
-0.32
-0.07
19
BROEKS PLANNER
2740
1721
65
60
0.01
0.03
18
FROSTY-ROCK CASCADE-ET
2558
932
63
41
0.28
0.1
18
MARS YORICK
2474
1014
80
37
0.41
0.04
18
FARNEAR-BH BROCADE BROCK-ET
2363
499
60
28
0.4
0.12
18
GILLETTE JESSIC
2308
758
64
33
0.35
0.07
18
REGANCREST-GV ALTABEAUT-ET
2197
1515
40
34
-0.16
-0.14
18
GIBBS-I CLAYNOOK DUDE
2189
870
52
34
0.2
0.05
18
LARCREST CHEMISTRY-ET
2105
561
60
21
0.38
0.03
18
SCIENTIFIC DARYL-ET
2054
542
42
28
0.2
0.09
18
MR ATWOOD BROKAW-ET
1866
556
38
30
0.17
0.11
18
MR ATWOOD BASEBALL-ET
1689
147
35
20
0.29
0.14
18
SICY LANCE DUPLEX
1407
48
14
17
0.13
0.15
18
BUTZ-BUTLER ATWOOD BRADY-ET
1378
754
23
10
-0.07
-0.15
18
SCIENTIFIC B DEFIANT-ET
1179
1072
18
21
-0.21
-0.14
18
GENERVATIONS BRILLION
1147
756
-12
14
-0.37
-0.1
18
JK EDER-I CONTROL
2882
1933
60
70
-0.11
0.08
17
SULLY HART MERIDIAN-ET
2789
2225
53
69
-0.27
-0.03
17
SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAURICK
2754
1711
72
67
0.06
0.08
17
VELTHUIS SG EVASION
2667
1194
70
54
0.25
0.14
17
VELTHUIS SG EASTON
2667
1194
70
54
0.25
0.14
17
SULLY HARTFORD CLRK MINX-ET
2541
1627
65
52
0.06
-0.01
17
VELTHUIS BUILDER
2529
2066
64
67
-0.13
-0.01
17
BO-IRISH-RN LAUTH BRACHA-ET
2507
1833
58
44
-0.09
-0.15
17
SERENITYHILL FIREWORKS
2464
813
65
40
0.34
0.12
17
CANYON-BREEZE AT AIRLIFT-ET
2378
1616
68
40
0.07
-0.13
17
RICKLAND ALTACEO-ET
2376
1208
61
44
0.16
0.05
17
GEN-I-BEQ SAMMY
2289
809
69
33
0.38
0.06
17
ROLINDA-GKM ADD-ET
2152
924
35
29
0
-0.02
17
PJP FIRST
2139
1467
40
43
-0.14
-0.04
17
HOOD CARWASH-ET
2093
1152
38
49
-0.02
0.12
17
CANYON-BREEZE AT ACTION-ET
2066
1035
59
26
0.21
-0.08
17
SONNEK DOMAIN CHUCKIE-ET
2014
1263
32
43
-0.15
0.02
17
MR FARNEAR BROCADES BUZZ-ET
1873
1066
43
29
0.03
-0.05
17
MR ANDIS ALTAEXTREME
1838
703
32
19
0.06
-0.05
17
FARNEAR BRISK-ET
1805
963
26
29
-0.09
-0.02
17
RUGG-DOC CARMICHAEL-ET
1724
372
26
22
0.13
0.11
17
BUTZ-BUTLER BENJI-ET
1705
695
27
19
0
-0.04
17
REGANCREST S BRIGHTZONE-ET
1489
743
13
27
-0.12
0.04
17
MR BRASILIAS BIGTIME-ET
1487
935
47
19
0.11
-0.11
17
MR ATWOOD BRADLEY-ET
1475
563
28
19
0.07
0.01
17
GEN-I-BEQ BUCKET
1465
854
24
20
-0.08
-0.07
17
WINTERLANCE SPEAR-ET
1439
437
23
14
0.06
0
17
MOX ATLAS-ET
1405
395
11
21
-0.03
0.08
17
MORSAN MR BIG
1403
135
35
3
0.3
-0.01
17
TWIN-CRIK SIEMER ANGULAR-ET
1377
330
29
16
0.17
0.06
17
MR AFTERSHOCK DECLAN
1374
268
22
10
0.11
0.02
17
RI-VAL-RE ATWOOD MADISON-ET
1306
-263
16
5
0.24
0.13
17
MR LOOKOUT P EMBARGO-ET
3467
1827
101
71
0.32
0.11
16
VELTHUIS LET IT SNOW
3258
2546
89
96
-0.05
0.13
16
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET
3184
1869
81
72
0.13
0.11
16
LYNNCREST DORCY ZUMBA-ET
3049
1972
92
61
0.18
-0.03
16
RMW DORCY AMBROSE-ET
2969
1706
73
51
0.08
-0.03
16
HARRY MR-ET
2961
1476
79
60
0.24
0.11
16
COYNE-MCGARR OBSRVER BEN-ET
2932
1628
85
60
0.23
0.06
16
TRIFECTA OBSERV SOPRANO-ET
2903
1375
67
61
0.15
0.16
16
JEANNIESTAR STARMAN
2863
2373
76
84
-0.11
0.05
16
MARKWELL SNOWMAN CAESAR-ET
2820
1589
77
60
0.18
0.09
16
LEADERWIN MARK-ET
2746
1662
85
52
0.22
-0.01
16
OAKFIELD EXPLODE A-TEAM-ET
2719
1992
47
62
-0.27
-0.03
16
DONNANDALE LUMI
2718
1467
71
55
0.17
0.06
16
MR CHASSITY OBS CICERO-ET
2717
2136
83
58
0.05
-0.1
16
BUTZ-BUTLER WILDWILLIE-ET
2618
1177
68
48
0.24
0.09
16
VELTHUIS SGC LAUBET
2579
1631
67
53
0.06
0
16
HENDEL MANDATORY-ET
2525
1689
64
50
0.02
-0.05
16
KOEPON ALTACLOONEY
2501
1576
71
53
0.12
0.01
16
MORSAN MR METAL
2456
998
49
45
0.11
0.09
16
STANTONS SERENE
2431
1397
71
48
0.2
0.02
16
ROYAL-VISTA ELGIN-ET
2427
1116
57
43
0.15
0.07
16
RMW ABILITY-ET
2403
1298
62
48
0.14
0.05
16
BOULET EXPLODE JAVA
2384
1390
45
43
-0.06
-0.01
16
LARCREST CHARACTER-ET
2358
356
94
28
0.8
0.15
16
FARNEAR BROCADES BADBOY-ET
2350
1383
46
49
-0.05
0.04
16
MORNINGVIEW DILLINGER-ET
2328
1546
65
45
0.08
-0.04
16
GIESSEN NEW YORK
2301
1931
50
60
-0.19
-0.03
16
FARNEAR BROCADE O-BAMA-ET
2289
1301
50
56
0
0.11
16
GEN-I-BEQ ELEGANT
2272
1559
57
43
0
-0.08
16
OCD OBSERVER BARNEY-ET
2244
1819
49
53
-0.18
-0.05
16
PINE-SHELTER CLAY WOOD-ET
2222
1045
59
41
0.18
0.07
16
COOMBOONA DESTRY BREEZA-IMP-ET
2210
615
37
35
0.15
0.14
16
VISION-GEN SHF MAXIMUS-ET
2210
1065
29
31
-0.07
-0.03
16
CREEK DORIAN-ET
2194
864
49
42
0.17
0.14
16
D-K-SILK SYMBOL-ET
2156
901
66
36
0.34
0.07
16
MR CHASSITY GOLD CHIP-ET
2122
1068
55
30
0.16
-0.05
16
CLEROLI DMP GALAXIE
2096
1066
57
32
0.16
-0.02
16
LEADERWIN SANCHEZ MODERN-ET
2070
1066
32
36
-0.05
0.02
16
MISTY SPRINGS SMOKIN
2050
1231
78
43
0.31
0.02
16
MORNINGVIEW MARTELL CRI-ET
2045
1305
26
38
-0.22
-0.04
16
GILLETTE CULMINANT
2008
1154
53
45
0.11
0.07
16
MR WABASH-WAY DOM EDISON-ET
1972
1841
45
40
-0.24
-0.19
16
LOOKOUT P BETA
1848
540
30
28
0.09
0.1
16
JENNY-LOU GOLDWYN TJ
1846
1193
46
35
0.01
-0.04
16
DUCKETT-BH SENNET-ET
1842
930
43
29
0.07
-0.02
16
CABON FIFA
1821
314
33
21
0.21
0.1
16
POLY-KOW SHOTT ALTITUDE-ET
1753
888
42
28
0.09
0
16
SIEMERS ATWOOD TANKY-ET
1740
764
41
24
0.12
-0.02
16
UFM-DUBS CLUSTER-ET
1736
130
42
9
0.38
0.06
16
HOUSAM66625955
1730
941
15
31
-0.17
0
16
LANGS-TWIN-B A ARMSTRONG-ET
1711
449
39
19
0.21
0.04
16
SIEMERS ATWOOD THE-ONE-ET
1696
523
41
18
0.22
0
16
GO-FARM AKINATOR ET
1609
422
24
30
0.11
0.17
16
MORSAN MYSTIC
1588
-379
33
15
0.48
0.27
16
HEAVENLY GOLDEN DREAMS ET
1577
-80
32
7
0.34
0.09
16
SIEMERS ATWOOD TALLADAGA-ET
1575
70
30
9
0.26
0.06
16
HAMMER-CREEK SAN KARLTON
1532
1246
9
28
-0.36
-0.12
16
BHM-COOKIE COY-ET
1530
139
11
14
0.05
0.1
16
VAN TASSELL EMBRYO 5
1509
-388
29
11
0.45
0.24
16
MORSAN MR WILSON
1497
504
35
6
0.16
-0.1
16
MORSAN MR SHOCKING
1497
504
35
6
0.16
-0.1
16
SIEMERS SANCHEZ BESTOUS-ET
1483
1953
31
46
-0.39
-0.17
16
SIEMERS AWOOD THOUGHTFUL-ET
1453
194
22
13
0.14
0.07
16
SIEMERS BEE SHOCKED-ET
1438
484
32
15
0.12
-0.01
16
UFM-DUBS DISH-ET
1437
-245
22
1
0.32
0.09
16
BRUNNER MR TOP
1427
184
13
12
0.06
0.05
16
MR CROCKETT-ACRES BROCK-ET
1426
1064
23
27
-0.15
-0.07
16
VIEUXSAULE TOPPI
1411
592
34
19
0.12
-0.01
16
UFM-DUBS SIEMERS SHEZAM-ET
1403
882
7
19
-0.23
-0.09
16
REGANCREST S BRYSTON-ET
1384
721
19
29
-0.06
0.06
16
VAL-BISSON MOROCCO
1369
589
17
16
-0.05
-0.04
16
MR BRASILIA DOMAIN BART-ET
1290
1003
13
20
-0.24
-0.12
16
SIEMERS SANCHEZ BEST-ET
1229
934
30
27
-0.04
-0.03
16
SCIENTIFIC B DEITY-ET
1159
486
26
17
0.08
0.01
16
GENERVATIONS BAZOOKA
1118
1756
4
35
-0.59
-0.22
16
RAINYRIDGE BARNIE
1075
158
6
10
0.03
0.05
16
COWTOWN BRAXTON SINBAD
1055
646
22
17
-0.01
-0.03
16
GLENALBAS SANCHEZ PASCAL-IMP-E
1027
11
-3
0
-0.01
0
16
MR LOOKOUT P ENFORCER-ET
3837
2237
91
89
0.06
0.14
15
RMW ANCHOR-ET
3329
1826
108
59
0.39
-0.01
15
LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET
3299
2004
94
79
0.19
0.1
15
MR CHARTROISE ELDORADO-ET
3168
1625
83
75
0.22
0.2
15
BERGITTE HATBOX
3119
1681
98
69
0.36
0.13
15
HAMMER-CREEK ALTAKOOL-ET
3070
1590
66
68
0.05
0.13
15
OCD MAN-O-MAN FINCH-ET
3014
1583
80
67
0.19
0.13
15
DE-SU BOOKEM XBOX 1061-ET
2983
2217
72
75
-0.1
0.02
15
PLAIN-KNOLL MAN-O-MAN WRAP
2912
1100
61
61
0.19
0.22
15
MILLER-FF IOTA EDWIN-ET
2912
1540
83
59
0.24
0.09
15
AJDH ALTAAGENCY
2891
1488
56
56
0
0.08
15
SOUTHLAND EXPLODE 7154
2885
1190
71
51
0.27
0.12
15
MR AUBREY OBSERVE ART-ET
2859
2050
76
60
0
-0.06
15
DE-SU 948-ET
2811
2256
65
70
-0.18
-0.04
15
LOWLANDS HIGHLIGHT
2799
1089
75
60
0.32
0.22
15
AMMON-PEACHEY MEDALLION-ET
2790
1526
68
60
0.1
0.1
15
HEATHERSTONE-V MOBILE-ET
2787
1705
82
60
0.17
0.02
15
MINNIGAN-HILLS DAY-ET
2786
1774
59
62
-0.06
0.05
15
MONREAL ET
2785
1340
70
63
0.2
0.17
15
JEANNIESTAR MAN O MAN KINGSMAN
2778
2220
63
78
-0.19
0.03
15
OCD DORCY DAZZLE-ET
2767
1699
75
55
0.12
0.01
15
COMESTAR LILASWAY
2746
2021
77
70
0.03
0.05
15
T-C-G OBSERV MASTERS
2735
1996
76
61
0.01
-0.04
15
ROCCA-DG SNOWFALL-ET
2733
2066
72
64
-0.03
-0.03
15
GINARY NICKEL
2726
890
85
53
0.49
0.21
15
DE-SU ALTAHALEY-ET
2722
2185
49
67
-0.33
-0.05
15
VAL-BISSON DOMINIC
2706
1527
54
60
-0.01
0.09
15
VELTHUIS SGC BETS R ON
2705
1380
75
61
0.24
0.15
15
LEADMAE JANTINA X MAN OMAN
2697
622
66
50
0.4
0.26
15
ROCCAFARM-I BROCH
2696
2116
84
64
0.08
-0.03
15
STANTONS FRITZ
2691
1801
72
51
0.04
-0.08
15
MR ARIEL OBSRV ABRAM-ET
2687
1726
75
56
0.1
-0.01
15
LADYS-MANOR OBS DORADA-ET
2683
1808
70
63
0.02
0.04
15
SHEMA CARNIVAL-ET
2661
1922
61
62
-0.11
-0.03
15
WEIGELINE OBSRV SABER-ET
2643
1981
53
57
-0.21
-0.08
15
MR CHASSITY CADILLAC-ET
2640
1483
80
51
0.26
0.03
15
SRP ZACHARY-ET
2593
1560
60
44
0.01
-0.07
15
LADYS-MANOR G DOMINIC-ET
2583
1121
67
49
0.24
0.12
15
BONETTI LAUTAMON-ET
2578
1377
75
50
0.25
0.05
15
RONELEE SHOTTBOLT DENZEL-ET
2576
1713
53
47
-0.11
-0.08
15
MR REGANCREST MANO ARRIK-ET
2561
1342
48
66
-0.04
0.17
15
ALL.NURE MANOMAN SIROCCO ET
2538
1095
61
53
0.19
0.15
15
PEN-COL SONIC-ET
2513
1538
53
52
-0.05
0.02
15
SNOWWAY
2508
2257
56
71
-0.29
-0.02
15
DE-SU 1073-ET
2498
1654
50
54
-0.12
-0.01
15
CLAUMA ALTALOOKER
2493
914
66
45
0.3
0.15
15
DE-SU 1315 ALLESSIO-ET
2492
1487
75
50
0.2
0.01
15
CO-OP CABELA-ET
2486
1162
49
40
0.05
0.02
15
ERBCREST ROSMAN
2470
1001
81
50
0.41
0.13
15
VELTHUIS SGC ATMOST
2453
1848
56
61
-0.13
0
15
GROVES-VU S-R MARLAND-ET
2440
1018
54
30
0.16
-0.02
15
GOLD-N-OAKS SHERBORN-ET
2437
1889
58
55
-0.13
-0.05
15
MAINSTREAM OB COLSTON-ET
2432
2122
68
61
-0.11
-0.07
15
STONE-RAIL EMBLEM-ET
2414
1608
73
46
0.13
-0.06
15
FLEURY ROSDER
2410
1475
66
60
0.12
0.12
15
MR GENOMICPRO PETERSBURG-ET
2384
1635
52
48
-0.07
-0.06
15
D-K-SILK SAVVY-ET
2380
698
81
42
0.54
0.19
15
MR WABASH-WAY EQUIP-ET
2374
1159
46
45
0.04
0.06
15
OCD DORCY DYNAMO-ET
2368
1716
46
44
-0.18
-0.12
15
ECLIPSE MOM BLOOMER-IMP-ET
2367
501
51
45
0.3
0.25
15
PELLERAT DORCY DAKTARI
2338
1186
45
41
0.02
0.02
15
COUL-QUI SLINKY
2324
1009
60
46
0.21
0.11
15
UFM-DUBS WATCHMAN-ET
2324
1332
62
41
0.14
-0.02
15
WINDLOOPER SATYRIC-ET
2317
939
79
41
0.44
0.09
15
CLAYNOOK DONCASTER
2302
863
69
43
0.37
0.14
15
MISTY SPRINGS BRONN
2297
1195
83
39
0.37
0
15
MARS BRADLEY-ET
2256
914
72
36
0.38
0.05
15
MORNINGVIEW MAHALO
2241
1423
43
44
-0.09
-0.01
15
VAL-BISSON DELTA
2239
1251
54
46
0.08
0.05
15
MISTY SPRINGS BREWIN
2238
1782
65
52
-0.01
-0.07
15
MR WABASH-WAY ATWD EURO-ET
2214
1428
53
40
-0.01
-0.06
15
DONNANVIEW A LEGALITY
2191
1257
48
52
0
0.1
15
GLEN-TOCTIN LEVY-ET
2181
1254
44
40
-0.02
0
15
MR APPLES ABILITY-ET
2162
-353
68
22
0.83
0.34
15
FARNEAR F BALLBOY-ET
2149
813
35
32
0.03
0.06
15
TWIN-CRIK ANGELMAN-ET
2147
1456
47
35
-0.08
-0.11
15
LEADERWIN MOTION-ET
2095
512
58
33
0.37
0.16
15
GO-FARM ROYAL EUDON-ET
2079
1149
59
38
0.15
0
15
WILLSBRO FRANKIE ET
2053
663
43
33
0.19
0.1
15
UFM-DUBS EOATE-ET
2049
1022
48
35
0.09
0.02
15
LANGS-TWIN-B CHARMER-ET
2044
1396
33
39
-0.2
-0.07
15
TOUCHDOWN DMAIN BARRY 20-ET
1969
1130
34
34
-0.08
-0.02
15
WESSELCREST DOMAIN 72-ET
1964
1206
50
44
0.05
0.04
15
ALTA SHOCKING
1935
605
49
25
0.25
0.04
15
RONELEE SSI HERO DAPPER-ET
1925
736
56
21
0.29
-0.03
15
LEADERWIN DOMAIN MATT-ET
1908
465
33
28
0.17
0.13
15
REGANCREST-GV DRCY BARON-ET
1906
1220
46
30
0.02
-0.08
15
LINERWAY LAUDERDALE-ET
1904
753
37
22
0.09
-0.03
15
D-K-SILK ATWOOD SIREN-ET
1902
935
62
36
0.25
0.05
15
MR AUBREY GC ATTORNEY-ET
1902
1337
33
25
-0.15
-0.17
15
GOREM-ET
1863
1095
8
39
-0.32
0.03
15
D-K-SILK ATWOOD SUSPENSE-ET
1857
1013
55
32
0.16
-0.02
15
FARNEAR BROCADES BIGSHOT-ET
1845
745
30
30
0.03
0.07
15
COURT-UR-MS DOMAIN CHOMP-ET
1837
1256
38
35
-0.07
-0.05
15
MAPEL WOOD KABOOM
1836
1043
52
32
0.14
-0.02
15
KENMORE SNAZZY-ET
1835
666
35
26
0.1
0.03
15
GITOISE MURDUCK
1819
1223
48
44
0.04
0.04
15
MR AUBREYS AUSTIN-ET
1812
1210
33
27
-0.1
-0.12
15
SCHILLDALE SHOTTLE BRETT-ET
1803
674
29
27
0.04
0.05
15
PALMYRA PLANET ATLEY-ET
1790
1287
24
38
-0.23
-0.04
15
CME ROYAL BB KING-ET
1782
706
54
24
0.27
0.01
15
VAL-BISSON MORNING
1775
1022
36
31
-0.03
-0.03
15
STERNDALE PS ATTRACTION
1753
522
35
24
0.15
0.07
15
ST GENOMICPRO ABSOLUTE-ET
1746
508
36
15
0.18
-0.02
15
HENDEL TEXAS-ET
1728
1431
32
32
-0.19
-0.14
15
COOMBOONA GOLD LAVABOY-IMP-ET
1720
198
38
15
0.3
0.08
15
SUGAR-C NAVS ATWOOD-ET
1720
143
41
12
0.33
0.06
15
MR AUBREYS ABEL-ET
1717
1465
24
33
-0.3
-0.14
15
SIEMERS BOYZ
1701
1201
55
31
0.09
-0.08
15
MS ANDIS DOMAIN AWESOME-ET
1699
1518
38
35
-0.18
-0.14
15
EVER EAST
1676
857
30
27
-0.02
-0.01
15
HEATHERSTONE-V MANITOBA-ET
1654
1123
33
21
-0.08
-0.15
15
UFM-DUBS DEO-ET
1651
516
46
9
0.27
-0.06
15
REGANCREST-RS SAN TIAGO-ET
1649
1377
13
42
-0.36
-0.03
15
RALMA GOLDWYN CHUNK
1632
682
26
26
0
0.04
15
MR BRASILIA BUCKEYE-ET
1626
496
43
16
0.23
0.01
15
DONAL ROYAL SND STREET ET
1623
473
34
16
0.17
0.01
15
MARS BOYD-ET
1605
787
40
21
0.1
-0.04
15
PALMYRA SANCHEZ AMMON
1588
1119
21
34
-0.18
-0.02
15
BUTLERVIEW AUBREYS ACE-ET
1587
922
5
19
-0.3
-0.11
15
KLASSIC BRINKLEY-ET
1583
1193
26
38
-0.16
0
15
TWIN-SPRUCE BTM CASIMIR-ETS
1583
-538
22
2
0.44
0.2
15
TWIN-SPRUCE BTME CARLOS-ETS
1583
-538
22
2
0.44
0.2
15
WEBB-VUE SANCHEZ ROBERT-ET
1581
1556
23
38
-0.33
-0.12
15
REGANCREST DOMAIN 9668
1580
1068
24
28
-0.15
-0.06
15
TWIN-CRIK SCHEZ SHAMAN-ET
1562
594
17
22
-0.04
0.03
15
ABARI
1543
1076
25
32
-0.15
-0.04
15
RUGG-DOC CAGE-ET
1539
167
7
24
0.01
0.18
15
UFM-DUBS SHEZRAY-ET
1521
724
36
22
0.11
0
15
SIEMERS ATWOOD ATLEE-BOY-ET
1507
121
11
21
0.08
0.17
15
GITOISE GILMOR
1483
1050
16
35
-0.21
0
15
RYAN-CREST EMBASSY-ET
1472
214
37
11
0.3
0.05
15
MR CHRTROIS SANCHEZ LEGO-ET
1433
937
11
32
-0.21
0.03
15
FLEURY GEN TOP Z
1427
1171
18
32
-0.24
-0.05
15
EASTSIDE L AMAZED
1404
882
37
24
0.05
-0.05
15
REGANCREST DRCY BARNU-ET
1402
515
18
20
-0.01
0.04
15
PENNVIEW LINDENWOOD
1400
-327
33
5
0.45
0.15
15
MELARRY SANCHEZ FALLON-ET
1381
1068
10
33
-0.28
-0.02
15
CLAYTONCREST SAN ADAM-ET
1352
1223
8
32
-0.36
-0.08
15
GENERVATIONS BLIZZARD
1273
1203
-4
30
-0.46
-0.09
15
FRADON AULTUM
1175
640
21
22
-0.01
0.02
15
JACOBS BENCHMARK
1165
888
38
19
0.06
-0.09
15
MIDAS-TOUCH AS REDEEM-ET
1099
-29
18
1
0.18
0.02
15
ROSE-VUE AFTERSHCK AARON-ET
1097
167
18
4
0.11
-0.01
15
WORMONT REMINGTON-ET
1081
203
9
14
0.03
0.08
15
LEWISDALE EASTSIDE AMAZER
1081
366
-1
4
-0.16
-0.08
15
HOUSAM66625953
1073
950
4
21
-0.28
-0.09
15
FARNEAR BROCADE BRANDO-ET
1071
559
1
8
-0.19
-0.08
15
MR BRASILIA BRAVE-ET
1052
1143
-2
13
-0.44
-0.23
15
CANYON-BREEZE AF ANALYZE-ET
1037
353
23
5
0.1
-0.05
15
SANROX
1030
1029
16
19
-0.18
-0.12
15
MR CROCKETTE-AC BORDEAUX-ET
994
1804
23
33
-0.43
-0.25
15
WINDSOR-MANOR ZE SAVAGE-ET
985
738
-1
17
-0.27
-0.06
15
GENERVATIONS BRAVADO
940
824
-6
21
-0.34
-0.06
15
RIETBEN CORDUROY
938
-101
-15
13
-0.11
0.15
15
KLASSIC BARCLAY-ET
864
694
3
22
-0.19
0.01
15
GENERVATIONS LIQUID GOLD
3607
1655
105
87
0.43
0.29
14
DE-SU DISTINCTION 11130-ET
3447
1954
101
74
0.28
0.08
14
STANTONS BOOKKEEPER
3361
2021
76
83
0.03
0.17
14
TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET
3353
1384
97
69
0.45
0.21
14
MISTY SPRINGS NUMBER ONE
3298
1396
107
71
0.54
0.23
14
TEEMAR OBSERVER ADAM-ET
3251
2423
89
80
-0.01
0.01
14
COOKIECUTTER HEFTY-ET
3237
1917
88
84
0.15
0.18
14
COOKIECUTTER MOM HUNTER-ET
3214
1838
88
76
0.18
0.13
14
MR WABASH-WAY ENCINO-ET
3197
2032
83
82
0.05
0.12
14
GENERVATIONS GIZMO
3195
1899
82
77
0.12
0.12
14
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET
3187
1905
88
67
0.16
0.04
14
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO ET
3125
1157
88
54
0.43
0.13
14
HY-JO-DE OBSERVER LOREN-ET
3108
2225
80
76
-0.03
0.03
14
SULLY HARTFORD SWMN MINK-ET
3055
2278
80
81
-0.03
0.08
14
S-S-I PATRIOT MADE-ET
3048
1590
74
63
0.14
0.09
14
VELTHUIS R DEVAN
3046
1835
88
68
0.2
0.1
14
O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET
3020
1825
98
75
0.32
0.15
14
COYNE-FARMS DORCY YIM-ET
2961
2260
67
61
-0.17
-0.12
14
VELTHUIS R DALMENY
2951
1626
83
69
0.22
0.17
14
LESPEREE GLOBAL
2933
1839
77
73
0.09
0.13
14
JOLIBOIS TAG OBSCUR
2931
1383
70
64
0.19
0.17
14
SANDY-VALLEY SALOON-ET
2917
2285
78
77
-0.06
0.03
14
HAMMER-CREEK M-O-M KIRBY-ET
2916
932
61
64
0.24
0.31
14
LARCREST CLUMBO-ET
2915
1499
103
60
0.48
0.11
14
STANTONS SNWMN EA ELDO
2908
2466
80
75
-0.12
-0.04
14
DPR CARAMINATOR
2907
1642
80
70
0.2
0.17
14
LOOKOUT P EMBRACING
2904
1378
69
54
0.17
0.08
14
COMESTAR LOPPORTUNIST
2903
2498
95
82
0.04
0.01
14
STANTONS EROSION
2884
2633
99
75
0.01
-0.08
14
DE-SU DORCY MOONBOY 954-ET
2862
1916
46
61
-0.24
-0.02
14
LADYS-MANOR OBS DIEGO-ET
2848
1164
86
56
0.42
0.17
14
MR LOOKOUT P BONA FIDE-ET
2842
2250
72
78
-0.14
0.02
14
COOKIECUTTER HELLS-BELLS-ET
2829
2073
70
78
-0.09
0.07
14
RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET
2826
2426
68
73
-0.21
-0.04
14
KINGDOMHAVEN MAN MALT-ET
2820
1137
76
63
0.33
0.24
14
FREUREHAVEN LOUDER
2819
2659
91
80
-0.06
-0.06
14
COYNE-FARMS SUPER YANK-ET
2791
2152
60
73
-0.2
0.04
14
CO-VISTA DIGGER DABBLE-ET
2790
1895
48
71
-0.23
0.09
14
JK EDER-I CAPTAIN
2786
2244
69
71
-0.14
0
14
REGANCREST BEAU-ET
2785
1140
74
68
0.3
0.27
14
LARCREST CREDIT-ET
2772
1142
86
52
0.44
0.16
14
OCD DORCY DEPUTY-ET
2769
2251
84
70
0
-0.03
14
ROSE ALTAHITMAN
2750
1370
69
63
0.16
0.16
14
GBM BL OBSERVER RODGERS-ET
2749
1644
88
57
0.26
0.04
14
PELLERAT SLALOM
2735
2106
84
60
0.07
-0.07
14
FLY-HIGHER MOTOROLA-ET
2731
2696
70
74
-0.28
-0.11
14
HEATHERSTONE-V MONTAGE-ET
2728
1569
77
61
0.17
0.07
14
ROYOLA M-O-M PRANCE-ET
2723
807
76
53
0.43
0.23
14
AMITIES LEGO
2705
1983
81
67
0.07
0.02
14
STANTONS ABBOTT
2700
1917
57
69
-0.13
0.06
14
B-S-D OBSERVER RAVEN-ET
2693
2469
86
65
-0.06
-0.15
14
DREAM-PRAIRIE M-O-M BEST-ET
2690
395
59
51
0.42
0.34
14
OCD IOTA BATMAN-ET
2681
1242
68
57
0.21
0.17
14
STANTONS SNOWMAN EA COLTON
2675
2392
61
68
-0.28
-0.08
14
MICISHACH ALTASWINGER-ET
2668
1431
91
47
0.36
0.01
14
EVEN-PAR SHF CANNON-ET
2666
1844
54
58
-0.14
-0.02
14
FLOTPOM
2655
1279
70
59
0.21
0.15
14
VAL-BISSON DOMESTIC
2645
1071
75
42
0.37
0.08
14
WATERMOLEN ALTAZICO
2628
1124
85
56
0.41
0.17
14
EILDON-TWEED SUPER CHAP-ET
2623
1851
59
59
-0.08
-0.01
14
DE-SU DORCY MAYOR 950-ET
2603
1845
47
60
-0.21
0
14
SPRINGLAWN BONJOVI
2598
1577
70
54
0.11
0.04
14
MATCREST JL CICERO-ET
2595
869
75
35
0.42
0.06
14
PLAYBALL BROMINE-ET
2594
1371
61
62
0.09
0.14
14
SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUGAN
2592
1868
64
68
-0.07
0.04
14
LARCREST COMPTON-ETS
2591
1438
68
56
0.17
0.1
14
SEAGULL-BAY SENATE-ET
2590
1490
75
58
0.2
0.08
14
SANDY-VALLEY SNOWCAT-ET
2585
2077
89
61
0.13
-0.05
14
SHEMA IOTA CHESTER-ET
2584
1756
63
59
-0.03
0.02
14
SIEMERS ROBUST GOOGLE-ET
2584
1039
66
40
0.26
0.06
14
FARNEAR BREWSTER-ET
2579
1058
64
53
0.25
0.18
14
CO-OP UPD TRIGGER FLASH-ET
2578
1460
57
60
0.02
0.11
14
ZBW-SHD BEACON DELIVER-ET
2578
1756
75
56
0.1
0
14
ZANI FUOCO
2574
1254
68
69
0.21
0.25
14
GILLETTE CARMELLO
2559
2113
68
70
-0.08
0.03
14
GILLETTE CALENDAR
2559
2113
68
70
-0.08
0.03
14
DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET
2559
1846
57
58
-0.1
-0.02
14
BOSDALE FOREVER
2559
1388
92
48
0.38
0.03
14
BENNER JAETYN
2559
943
79
43
0.42
0.1
14
LARCREST CANCUN-ET
2556
1588
78
58
0.2
0.06
14
HOL-STAR HEFTY TYSON
2531
1932
76
62
0.03
-0.01
14
DE-SU 957-ET
2529
1388
39
49
-0.13
0.04
14
LARS-ACRES PLANET FRICTION
2518
2003
70
72
-0.04
0.06
14
KINGS-RANSOM I DODGER-ET
2512
1091
68
52
0.27
0.16
14
REGANCREST DRCY PARIDE-ET
2512
1828
61
49
-0.08
-0.1
14
BLUE-HORIZON ALTASUPLEX
2509
1497
24
53
-0.29
0.05
14
DE-SU 1053-ET
2494
1948
54
58
-0.17
-0.06
14
VISION-GEN ALTAQUARTZ-ET
2486
1596
70
54
0.11
0.02
14
MARBRI BOURG
2475
707
99
33
0.72
0.1
14
SABBIONA JIGGS
2469
1186
87
39
0.42
0
14
HANALEE CASINO
2467
1343
77
57
0.26
0.12
14
MORSAN MR SNOW BUSINESS
2465
1631
78
56
0.17
0.04
14
SULLY DOMAIN MASSIMO CRI-ET
2464
1749
49
56
-0.13
-0.01
14
ROCCA DG SNOWBRUSH-ET
2451
1522
70
54
0.14
0.05
14
COLDSPRINGS UMAN 9473-ET
2451
799
75
52
0.44
0.23
14
ROCCAFARM-I BOOGIE
2443
1601
68
53
0.09
0.01
14
REGANCREST BRONZE-ET
2433
1906
62
62
-0.09
0.01
14
DG MISTERY-ET
2431
943
78
45
0.42
0.13
14
OCD DRCY DAYS OF THUNDER-ET
2425
2183
52
64
-0.28
-0.07
14
DE-SU MAYNARD 910-ET
2423
1603
47
53
-0.11
0.01
14
WESSELCREST DORCY 80-ET
2418
1605
71
53
0.11
0.01
14
WABASH-WAY EVES EDGAR-ET
2415
1395
51
58
-0.01
0.12
14
A-L-H COURIER-ET
2408
1384
63
57
0.12
0.13
14
REGAN-ALH MANO EVANO-ET
2406
1148
43
60
0
0.2
14
REGANCREST-GV BALDWIN-ET
2401
1299
55
42
0.06
0.01
14
CHERRY CREST ROZMAN
2399
1203
64
55
0.18
0.13
14
FARNEAR BRILEY BOYANA-ET
2392
1410
44
38
-0.07
-0.06
14
GOLDEN-OAKS MACHMAN-ET
2388
1211
51
53
0.04
0.1
14
MR CHAKA CALK-ET
2384
1194
59
42
0.14
0.04
14
LANGS-TWIN-B MAN-O ALAN-ET
2377
327
62
51
0.48
0.37
14
MR SNOWBASES-ET
2374
2218
58
56
-0.24
-0.14
14
VELTHUIS ACAPULCO
2364
1782
69
58
0.03
0.01
14
SHEEKNOLL ALTATWILIGHT-ET
2354
1410
60
57
0.09
0.11
14
* gLPI = 51% Production + 34% Durability + 15% Health & Fertility
** %RK calculated using the 2013 Canadian Holstein Bulls and Cow Percentile Rank Tables
*** LPI values are reported using the 2013 base
On percentile rank top polled Holsteins compare very well with top horned Holsteins. Note that for Health and Fertility the top polled animals are slightly ahead of horned males and females. The area where top polled Holsteins have some catching up yet to do is in production, primarily in the volumes of fat and protein produced.
What Route will you take on the Polled Road?
Two routes have been taken by North American Holstein breeders to get the top ten polled males and females born in 2012 and 2013. Those routes yield heterozygous polled progeny and they are: i) breed a polled female, of relatively high total merit, to a very high genomically tested horn male; or ii) use the highest genomically tested polled bull available on a very high genomically tested horned female. As it turns out exactly half of the males and half of the females came from each route. For these top twenty polled animals the sires used on the polled females were Supersire, Uno, AltaOak and McCutchen and in all cases the polled sire was Da-So-Burn MOM Earnhardt-P (Man-O-Man x Shamrock x Shottle). Either route was equally effective.
Matters to Consider
Breeders, who are ready to incorporate the dominant polled gene into their Holsteins, should consider the following:
Inbreeding – no matter horned or polled if a mating will result in an Inbreeding Percentage over 7-8% then serious thought needs to be given to selecting an alternate sire. On the polled side breeders often mention avoiding LawnBoy but just as serious is the fact that Shottle, Oman, Planet, Goldwyn, Bolton, … dominate Holstein pedigrees.
Only when homozygous (PP) polled sires are used will all progeny be polled. At the current time, the very best PP sires are only 2000 gTPI or 2500 gLPI, so they are still quite a distance behind the breed leaders. Expect the merit of PP sires, relative to P or horned sires, to change in the next 4-5 years.
Buyers are paying a premium for polled males or females or embryos from polled parents.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The incorporation of the dominant polled gene into the Holstein breed has moved from the fringe or a fad to being a topic every breeder must be aware of. All breeders need to seriously search out and start using polled bulls that are 2300+ gTPI or 3000+ gLPI. (Watch for a future article on The Bullvine that will address which polled sires to use) It is not about changing for the sake of change. It is about being mainstream. Polled is here to stay.
The Bullvine has received the following question from readers – “Why does The Bullvine always talk about using AI and never refer to or talk about using natural sires?” After doing some research on natural use bulls, we decided to share our findings in story format. We often list statistics and science, but we would like to present something closer to real life in order that other, like minded, producers can evaluate a possible scenario and consider it for their own operations.
Here’s The Scenario
“A couple runs, as they call it, a milk production factory of 400 (2x) milking cows. They have found that, for best results, they should have their four key (human) employees putting their focus on cow care. That means focusing on the close-up and fresh pens, feed mixing, caring for calves that are less than a month old and attending to cows that are sick. The remainder of their staff are mostly part-time and involved in milking, pushing up feed, moving animals, bedding, cleaning up and manure handling. The husband manages the operation and the wife manages the records when they are not skiing or spending time with their family of five very active high school and college students. A few years back they were having trouble catching cows in heat and the fallout from that was that they had too many late lactation cows, had too much non-producing time spent in dry pens and there were heifers calving over conditioned at 27.5 months of age. This meant not enough profit or ROI. Their milking cow pregnancy rate was 9%, 4.1 pounds of fat plus protein were being shipped per cow per day and the cull rate was 40%. They needed to keep every heifer calf born on the farm for herd replacements. They knew drastic action was needed. So they went to focusing their attention on the most problematic areas and on using natural bulls for breeding both the heifers and the cows.
(CHECK THIS) The husband clearly understood that the system of using herd bulls instead of A.I., is not for every dairy farm, especially not for herds that do not have facilities that are bull strong, bull safe and where only one person is involved when groups are being moved or worked with in their pens.
How to Hire a Working Bull
For several years in the representative scenario, prior to the change to natural bulls, they had used 50% young sire semen. The main selection criteria had been NM$ (>$500) with the added requirement of +1.0 for both UDC and FLC. They wanted a blend price for semen of less than $20. The cattle were registered in the national herdbook so the DHI records could be used in sire proving. Numerous different staff were trained in A.I. but the results were just not there, even though they routinely used an off-sync program. Heat detection and breeding was a drag and it sapped energy from everyone.
The change to natural bulls occurred after the introduction of genomic indexes to the dairy industry. They found there were many high quality genomically tested bulls, that did not make it into A.I., that were available at a reasonable price. They have required that the young bulls, generally purchased at 9-12 months of age, are above average for size and have good feet and legs but cow families have not been considered when purchasing. They are now milking daughters of their first genomically tested bulls and find that they are, on average, quite superior to what their young sire daughters were in the past.
Their current requirements for their bulls are: NM$ >$650; FLC >+1.5; UDC >+1.5; and SCS < 2.90. But from here on they will also be requiring a positive number for DPR and >3.0 for PL. Additionally under consideration are ways to avoid inbreeding, increasing protein percent, using only polled bulls and, if they could get it, some way of knowing the growth rate and body condition score. Definitely sons of sharp chinned, deep ribbed show cows are avoided. The reason for a higher protein percent is because the milk is shipped to a local specialty cheese factory which pays an incentive for protein content.
Cow Performance under Natural Breeding Scenario
The time formerly spent checking for and breeding cows and heifers in heat is now focused on close-up, calving and just fresh pens. These groups are housed close to the milking parlour and can be easily seen from the staff room and the office. All staff are encouraged to watch and make sure cows in these pens are getting up and eating. Temperatures are taken and recorded, twice a day, for the first three days after calving and before moving into the voluntary waiting pens. There are no bulls in these pens so staff can safely check a cow at any time.
Improvements obtained were in the magnitude of
average production 5.3 pounds of fat + protein per cow per day,
cow pregnancy rate from 22-24%,
cow cull rate 25% and
heifers calving at 22-23 months of age
Cows are grouped by staged of lactation or pregnancy. First calf heifers are housed separate from mature cows in close-up, voluntary waiting and breeding stages. Maximum group size, when cows are 150 – 300 days in milk, is 80 cows. Parlour size accommodates twenty and they like cows back to their pen within one hour. Breeding pens are kept to 40 cows so that only one bull is needed per pen. Herd management software data is used and the movement of cows and bulls in and out of pens is recorded. All cows seen to be in standing heat are recorded but less than 50% of the actual heats are observed by staff. A milk weight is taken every Wednesday morning. Fresh cows are continually added to the fresh pens and stay there 3- 10 days. Otherwise any movement between pens takes place on Thursday after the morning milking. One staff member monitors on Thursdays for any bullying or fighting. The plan is to purchase ultrasound equipment and have two people trained to use it for pregnancy checking.
The Beef Enterprise Revenue Stream
An expanded version of the scenario sees the wife’s family owning and operating a small slaughter and retail beef business, specializing in marketing and selling lean beef that guarantees to its customers that all animals can be traced and for which there are no drug residues.
The dairy farm supplies animals to that beef processing business. As a result all calves are raised on the farm. Males calves are castrated and marketed when 1400 pounds. Heifers with poor feet and legs or not in calf by 14 months are finished for beef. Only about 60% of the heifers are raised for dairy purposes, as it costs more to raise them than they being when sold as a springing heifer or fresh first lactation cow. Young (<50 months) cows that have problem udders or feet and legs or that are not in calf are also marketed through that business. Settlement for their animals is on a weight and rail grade basis. All other animals are sold through an auction mart.
Where the beef side of the farm was once only a by-product, it now forms a significant revenue stream. It has meant that they want Holstein bulls that produce progeny that carry more condition and, therefore, go to slaughter at a relatively young age.
Other Specifics
Most details about the operation are unchanged when the farm converted to using natural bulls. Bulls upon arrival are kept in isolation at a neighbor’s small barn that they rent. Bulls must be negative for TB, Brucellosis, Anaplasmosis and Johnes. Bulls not in use are housed in individual pens. As mentioned previously any pens with a bull in it must have two people present for movement or entry into the pen. Bulls slipping and injuring themselves during mounting has not been a problem. If and when herd expansion occurs, they are planning to use manure pack barns for the breeding pens. The bulls travel with their pen to, through and back from the milking parlour.
The farm in this scenario definitely benefits financially from less labour spent heat checking and breeding, from a younger age at first calving, from fewer days in the dry pens, and from more production per day. It must be stressed that, without genomics and 65% accuracy for the major indexes, they would not have been able to achieve the high percentage of high quality animals. All changes combined have helped them double their annual net returns from the milk sales side of their business. This scenario strongly recommends not attempting natural breeding with bulls that only have a parent average index or much worse still have no known parental information.
Although this is a composite scenario, farmers moving to natural sires can expect to find that bull buying and maintenance expenses were balanced by previous expenses for semen, labor for heat checking and breeding, vet checks and drugs. The higher production per day and the fewer non-productive days for both heifers and cows (without an increase in labor costs) are the profit makers.”
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The Bullvine thanks our readers who have drawn our attention to this area of dairy operation management. Using natural bulls instead of A.I. is not for every dairy farm. Definitely it does not assist with sire proving by A.I. companies. However, it can allow for labor to be focused away from reproduction and more on that critical 2-3 weeks before calving and 3-4 weeks after calving. The Bottom Line? If designed and operated properly natural sire use can return a greater net profit and that’s a scenario we can all relate to!
Which animal behavior type do you prefer to work with on your farm? The meek, the aggressive, the laid back, the eager calf that bunts the milk bottle out of your hand, the cows that get to the feed bunk first and stay there the longest …etc?. Perhaps the question should be “are animal behavior related traits something that cattle breeders need to be paying more attention to as they continue to replace people in their barns with machines?” If they are important, then more thought needs to be given to capturing field observations so we can have actual facts to base decisions on instead of some random comments in sire catalogues about a bull’s daughters’ behaviour characteristics.
New Technology
Each year breeders add new machinery or procedures to their operations in order to cut costs or increase revenue. The cows are simply expected to adapt and keep on producing large volumes of milk, fat and protein and get back in calf. Of course all the time doing it more cost efficiently. Well it just does not work that way. So breeders must cull the animals that do not adapt to the robotic feeder or milker, the new loud noise, the isolation in a pen, the crowding in pens and the list goes on. Seldom is the behaviour of our animals given a second thought when breeders make a change.
Behavior – Management or Genetic?
Recognizing that management plays a role in animal behaviour, we do need to ask ourselves if there are genetic difference between sires in how their daughters react to and cope with the daily routines and procedures on farms.
University of Guelph researchers and Holstein Canada, in 1985, surveyed breeders on behavioural traits and from the findings determined heritabilities of 0.16 for milking temperament, 0.12 for ease of handling and 0.11 for aggressiveness at feeding. The study also showed a strong correlation between milking temperament and ease of handling. From that research, milk recording in Canada started collecting breeder assessment of milking temperament on the second test day for all first calvers. Sire proofs for milking temperament are calculated by CDN. That has proven to be helpful information as no breeder wants cows that kick the milking unit off, do not easily settle to the milking routine and are not easy to handle or move.
In 2012, Kees van Reenan, Wageningen University reported that, based on many researchers’ studies, balanced breeding for animal lifetime profit includes selection for three main areas: i) milk production, ii) temperament / behavior (which includes animal fearfulness, ability to cope with stress & socially interact with contemporaries) and iii) fitness (which includes health, fertility and longevity). Breeders are already quite aware that selection for lactation milk yield without regard to fitness has left us with animals that may be inferior in health and longevity but definitely are inferior for fertility. With van Reenan’s findings we can also see that, if we do not include animal temperament and behaviour in our selection indexes, we could well be limiting our genetic progress for lifetime profit. In his research report heritabilities for temperament and behaviour are reported as moderate, similar to the Canadian study mentioned above. However the same old problem still exists – we do not have farm data to use to genetically evaluate animals for behavioural traits.
Let’s switch to beef cattle for a moment. Renowned Colorado State Animal Behavior Professor Temple Grandin reports that beef animals that remain calm in the squeeze chute when being weighed or worked with have 14% higher weight gains than agitated animals. Part of her studies also report lower fertility and poorer meat quality for the agitated cattle group. Since we do not have data for dairy heifers we do not know if fearful heifers, when under stress, may have lower fertility.
The take home message from research is that behaviour involves both management and genetics and it points to the need for more studies into dairy cattle behavior and how it impacts profitability.
Stress On Farm
Since the topic of animal behaviour is not frequently talked about in breeder circles, it can likely be said that breeders do not routinely think of ways to minimize animal stress. Breeders talk about the stresses associated with a cow having a difficult calving, with lameness and with mastitis. However what about the stress on a calf after a difficult birth, of boss animals on their pen mates, of the fear of isolation, of loud rough farm staff and of a host of other factors.
The approach breeders often take is to allow animals, that do poorly due to stress, to self eliminate. Yes breeders want calm, not easily stressed, animals but in designing their buildings and selecting their sires they may not be giving adequate attention to animal behaviour and temperament.
Where Does This Leave Breeders?
Only in the Nordic Countries and Canada are there genetic evaluations for temperament. So the vast majority of breeders, around the globe, do not have access to genetic information for behavioural traits. Since we do not have genetic evaluations based on farm data we can not even calculate genomic indexes from DNA profiling.
All breeders can do is: i) not raise heifers that themselves or their family’s exhibit poor behaviour or temperament (link to not raising all heifers article); ii) redesign their facilities or management to minimize animal stress factors; or iii) cull problem animals.
Some sires with high ratings for milking temperament in Canada include:
Long-Langs Oman Oman-ET 113
Picston Shottle 112
Amighetti Numero Uno-ET 110 (DGV)
Zahbulls Alta1stClass-ET 110 (DGV)
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The area of animal behavior could definitely benefit from more thought and study. At both the farm and research levels, there needs to be input. Until there is data captured at the farm level and genetic evaluations are produced, breeders will only be able to address this problem from a management perspective or by culling otherwise valuable animals. Knowing the genetic answers to animal behaviour problems would have the benefit of giving both breeding stock and milk production focused breeders the opportunity to enhance on-farm profits.
Many dairy producers and industry staff woke up Dec 03 with an early agenda for their day. They had to check out the index release for latest and greatest in list toppers. Well if they were looking for a major change and many new hot sires they may have been disappointed. To say it was a relatively quiet index run is an understatement. Nevertheless females must be bred and some flushed so here are some thoughts for Bullvine followers to consider.
Just Another Day
Normally by the end of day on December 3rd there would have been a breeding company claiming to have the #1 newly proven bull that is the must have sire for contracts, flushing and embryo sales. Off would rush the marketers to get the materials ready for both hard copy and electronic promotions. At the same time, owners of top heifers and cows would source out semen so they could quickly flush their animals to the new Mr #1. Well it was not that kind of a day.
What Happened with Proven Sires
In the United States it was Planet day. By that we mean – the top newly proven bull is a Planet son (Shamrock #7 gTPI +2227), ten of the top thirteen newly proven bulls are Planet sons and eight of the top twenty gTPI sires are Planet sons. That is great for Planet but not necessarily for genetic diversity. Beyond that Dorcy moved to #1 gTPI bull. Observer regained some of the ground he lost in August (Read more: Genomics at Work – August 2013). And top proven bulls like Bookem, Robust, AltaMeteor and Jett Air that were high genomic young sires held their proof levels from their first proof release in August. Reassuring for breeders that have moved to exclusive or very high use of young genomic bulls across their herds. It is worthy of note that there are only 126 points separating the top gTPI bull, Dorcy +2267 to the twentieth bull Soto +2141. And in between there is considerable variety in pedigrees and in areas of high genetic merit, so that breeders can make the choices to meet their genetic plans such as inbreeding (Read more – articles on dairy cattle inbreeding) and yet not be using a bull that is not at the top of the breed.
In Canada, Man-O-Man held on to #1 gLPI and below him bulls did some repositioning with only one bull (Medford) dropping significantly (-204 LPI). On the positive side Jett Air moved from #12 to #4 gLPI and Atwood retained his #1 CONF ranking, even gaining a point to now be +19. As well he made a significant gain from #17 to #7 gLPI sire.
In the top twenty sires on both the gTPI and gLPI lists there are bulls that stand out for traits that discerning breeders include in their breeding plan (link)
New or about to be available top genomic sires continue to get better and better with each proof run. Some people ask The Bullvine how that can happen and will it continue. The answer to those questions appears to be a very definite YES. When you think about it it makes sense when the accuracy of prediction has been doubled for young bulls, heifers and most cows and with very extensive use being made of ET, the opportunity to find the high outliers is greatly increased.
The use of genomic sires has sorted out to about three scenarios. Breeders pick out a limited number of genomically evaluated bulls that meet their selection criteria for use as young sires to help prove the bulls as they have done for many years. An ever increasing number of breeders use genomic sires exclusively and so use many genomic sires in order to spread their risk. A small number of breeders use the very top genomic sires on their elite females in order to produce a unique product so they can have available embryos for sale or top heifers and bulls for A.I. Three very different approaches all using genomic information.
Some bulls from the top twenty of both the December 2013 CDN and Holstein USA Genomic Young Bull lists, born in 2012, that are available and that may interest breeders who selectively use genomic sires, are as follows:
Very rapid increases have been seen in the merit of polled genomic bulls over the past year. From a search of the files on polled bulls that will come available in the next 6+ months, it appears that it will not be long before polled bulls will be almost equal to horned bulls. The Bullvine’s advice to breeders using polled sires is not to buy a great amount of semen from any one bull as new higher ones will be coming out on a continual basis. Current top ranking polled bulls, born in 2012, available or about to be available follow:
Total Merit
S-S-I Earnhart Modern-P-ET +3216 GPA LPI
Bryhill Science P +3096 GPA LPI
Bulls to Halt Inbreeding
More and more breeders are mentioning that they wish to use sires that do not increase the level of inbreeding in their herd. There are two factors to consider about a bull when considering inbreeding. One is the amount the bull himself is inbred and the other is the degree of relationship that he has to the female population, and more specifically your herd and animal you are mating. A bull can be inbred (> 9-10%) but be lowly related (<12-13%) to the female population. Some bulls on the December 2013 CDN and Holstein USA Young Genomic Sires lists that are not inbred and have a below average relationship to the female population follow:
Total Merit Index% InbredRelationship %
Double-Eagle Ransm Kobra-ET +3457 GPA LPI 4.58 10
Bacon-Hill Maguire-ET +3347 GPA LPI 3.07 10
Zahbulls Alta1stClass-ET +3341 GPA LPI 3.39 10
Looking to the Future
The pace of genetic advancement in the Holstein breed now exceeds anything either breeders or scientists thought possible even decade ago. The Bullvine offers the following ideas for our readers’ consideration:
Have we now advanced to the stage with genomics and genetic evaluations to the stage where we can expect ‘non-eventful’ index release days in the future? That would be when 95% of the time a bull’s daughter proof will be very similar to his genomic index.
Is there merit to considering both the degree to which an animal is inbred and the degree to which it is related to the female population in order to take positive steps to halt the ever increasing rate of inbreeding?
Marketers like to say that their animal is #1. Yet the difference between the top 100 animals is small for gTPI. In fact it now appears that the difference between #1 and #100 is about like the difference there was a decade ago between #1 and #10. In order to advance the breed do we need to designate sires as #1 for traits like fertility and herd life instead of limiting the #1 designation to the traditional major traits?
Many breeders comment that it seems like there is a new top 10 gTPI or gLPI sire every three months and that by the time you can use this top sire, there are newer ones even higher on the list. This happens due to the rapid rate of genetic progress that is being made, That is in part due to top females only being mated to reliable high genomic sires and being on extensive IVF programs. The chances of having list toppers are just that much greater than they were in the past.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
On the surface it appears that few new elite bulls were identified by the December 2013 index release. However, more likely, the truth is that breeders, through the use of genomic information, were already aware of the top sires. This is not to say that there will not be index release days in the future where there are unexpected results. Choose your bulls wisely.
Every week dairy breeders read about better ways to raise their heifers. Take care and precaution at birth, follow health protocols, feed them properly and calve them at 24 months. These are all topics contained in the dairy farm press or on the Internet. However for most breeders there are four significant things that stand out as being topics that still need breeder attention. In Bullvine fashion we decided to weigh in on them with renewed vigour. We want every breeder to take the opportunity to be more successful.
Raising Too Many
Can you believe it – the vast majority of breeders just cannot get past raising every heifer calf that is born alive?
Their long established practice has been that we raise every heifer and sell, at a profit, the ones we do not need for herd replacements. Well sadly but truthfully today that profit has disappeared. An Internet search shows that dairy extension specialists are saying that it costs $2,000 to $2,500 in North America and 1,500 to 1,800 Euros in the EU to raise a heifer to calve at 25-26 months of age. And that does not put an initial value at birth for the heifer which can be from $300 to 500 Euros depending on genetic merit. Yes, in total, it is costly. And we have all heard the justification that labor should not be included in the total. That thinking is totally old fashioned. Especially given, that at the present time, average quality fresh first calvers are selling for $1,600 to $2,100. It just does not make economic sense that the sellers should be subsidizing the buyers to the tune of 500 to 800 dollars.
Yes, I know breeders say, “But it is different for me”. Oh really? How does that work for breeders focusing on using their forages, labor and facilities to produce milk efficiently? It is better to use the homegrown forage to feed heifers, to keep workers busy and heifer barns full rather than producing extra milk, using fewer staff and finding an alternate revenue generating use for the extra space? I think not!
On a breeding stock basis in the later part of 2013 many 2000 GPA TPI or 2500 GPA LPI bred heifers sold in North America for less than $2000. (Read more: An Insider’s Guide to What Sells at the Big Dairy Cattle Auctions 2013) I heard breeders sharing with other breeders that that price was okay. But was it profitable? No! And if you had added expenses to get the calf, like ET or IVF, then definitely not! Sometimes there is the opportunity to sell a heifer here or there that might do some show winning. But those are few and far between and then their maximum value is likely before the show season starts not afterwards. I know of parents of 4Hers or Junior breed members who want a show calf for their child. That is all well and good but it seems to me that it is much easier to buy a high quality calf rather than try to breed it. Besides including the young person in the buying experience may be quite beneficial for their learning experience.
Current prices on fresh first calvers all boils down these things. A current limited demand, an over supply of heifers and milk prices or quota limitation holding back major industry expansion. The use of sexed semen and producers getting their involuntary culls under control are also significant factors. Heifer rearing costs doubled from 1997 to 2007 and are likely to double again by 2015. No matter how you look at it raising more heifers than you need at this time is a waste of your time, resources and assets.
No Records – Can’t Manage
Traditionally dairymen have recorded the inputs and performance of their cows but not their heifers. Well that practice is no longer enough as on-farm margins tighten. Inputs to the heifer herd and heifer performance need to be monitored using herd management software. Many such types of software exist. Usually it is easiest if the heifer programs from the milking herd software is used for the heifers and dry cows as it makes the transition from non-milking to milking automatic. It is highly recommended that the information inputted also include financials in addition to growth, health, reproduction and nutrition.
To benchmark your heifer herd here are some Central North America numbers to use to compare to your herd:
Per Heifer per Day
* Total Cost $2.90 (Birth to 26 months)
* Average Feed Cost $1.30 (45%)
* Avg Labour & Management Cost $0.69 (23%)
* Avg Variable Cost $0.29 (10%)
* Avg Fixed Cost $0.12 (04%)
* Initial Value at Birth $0.50 (18%)
Of course these costs will differ based on a number of factors including degree of automation, facilities, feeds fed and size of operation. The average daily cost will be highest for the babies (perhaps $3.25+) and lowest for second and third trimester pregnant heifers (if on pasture it could be as low as $2.00).
Definitely, if you don’t have the facts, you cannot manage and improve your heifer operation.
Breed Them Younger
Dairymen following an aggressive growing program now have their heifers at breeding weight (700 lbs / 320 kgs) by 11 months of age. Some dairymen report breeding at the first heat after this weight is reached while others using those programs adhere to breeding on the first heat after 12 months of age. One thing often referred to in the literature is that young heifers like that routinely have higher conception rates (70%) than 17-18 month old heifers (60%), can have less edema at calving and less difficult calvings due mainly to a smaller calf. Heifers on aggressive growing programs can easily reach 1300 lbs at 22 months of age.
Average age at first calving across North America is about 26 months, while a recent number from the UK is 28 months. Reports show a double edged benefit from calving at 22 rather than 26 months, Firstly there is a $300 saving in raising cost. Secondly there is $7,000 more milk revenue in their lifetime.
Pick the Right Genetics
For breeders focusing on milk as their major source of revenue the Bullvine has frequently produced criteria and lists of bulls to use (Read more: Mating Recommendations). The factors important to efficient milk production can also be important to getting healthy calves and include, calving ease, fertility, temperament, mobility including rear legs rear view and feet and body condition score. Additionally it would be nice to know about heifer growth rates, disease resistance and ability to compete in large groups but without field data genetic evaluations cannot be produced. It is quite important to consider the heifer herd in addition to the milking females when making your breeding decisions.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
As breeders plan for their next calf crop it is time to thoroughly review heifer rearing practices. If the heifer herd on your farm is not vital to your milking operation or it is not already a profit center, then it is time to get your pencil out, calculate your heifer rearing numbers and make the decisions to realize more farm profit. Ignoring today’s economic realities when it comes to the heifer herd can be very costly.
With less than a week until the December 03 index release day I am thinking what more do I want or need to learn about genomics in the world of dairy cattle breeding. I have friends that entirely use genomic information to breed and market while others are riding along and using higher indexing young sires but otherwise remain in the prove it to me “I am from Missouri camp”. Here at The Bullvine we have provided thoughts in the past on genomics (Read more: Genomics at Work – August 2013). Today we decided to further document some areas that we feel are important to watch for and questions we are searching for answers to so that you don’t miss this opportunity.
Except for a few preliminary reports by a couple genetic evaluation centers little has been published verifying that using genomics actually works. Breeders need the truth and nothing but the truth based on scientific analysis. We can likely expect the report to say that it assists with increasing the rate of genetic advancement but that: i) on an individual animal basis it is not as accurate as a 99% reliable daughter proven A.I. bull; ii) for young bulls, heifers and cows it increases the accuracy of indexes ; iii) for traits for which we have limited farm data it is still too early to make an accurate assessment; and iv) it is in fact the most important step forward in breeding since we got broadly based proven sires. The message to our scientist and industry leaders is that breeders need to know the facts. The industry depends on breeders being successful. (Read more: CANADIAN BULL PROOFS – You’ve Got to Prove It to Use It!)
With the indexes of young animals today exceeding their older counterparts by a significant amount, breeders need to know the facts so they can decide on the extent to which they should use genomic information in their breeding plan (Read more: What’s the plan?).
A study of the sires of top ranking young animals shows the following:
Sires of top fifty August 2013 gTPI young bulls – Mogul (21); Uno (8); Supersire (7); McCutchen (3); Facebook (2); Lithium (2),..plus seven others
Sires of top fifty August 2013 NM$ young bulls – Mogul (13); Supersire (10); Uno (8); Robust (3); Shamrock (3); Epic (3); Lithium (2); Facebook (2); ..plus six others.
Sires of top fifty August 2013 gLPI young bulls – Mogul (17); Supersire (9), McCutchen (5); Bookem (5); Mixer (3); Epic (2); Lexor (2); Iota (2); ..plus five others.
Sires of top fifty gLPI heifers (Sept-Nov releases) – Supersire (11); McCutchen (6); Enforcer (5); Mogul (5); Liquid Gold (4); Munition (4); Morgan (3); Cashmoney (2); ..plus ten others
Even though most of these bulls are not themselves closely related it is concerning that only a few bulls come to the top on all these lists. 66% of the above lists are over 6.0% inbred and only one is below 5.0% inbred. Outcross sires (Read more: 12 Sires to Use in Order to Reduce Inbreeding and GOING OFF THE MAP: 14 Outcross Holstein Sires That Don’t Include GPS) has been recommended as a solution yet Oman, Planet, Shottle and Bolton are prominent is the ancestry of the bulls above. It is time that we stop worrying about inbreeding and start finding practical solutions. Do we need to designate breeding lines and then doing line crossing like is done in crops, poultry and swine? Why are A.I. organizations not using alternate sires of sons? Is it that those alternates do not come up as high on total merit index ranking lists? If that is the case should total merit index be the criteria used when selecting young bulls to be sampled or marketed. Should the inbreeding coefficient of every bull be a required number to be published? There are solutions but it takes effort and leadership to stop the runaway train.
Finding the Best
Breeders of very elite indexing animals want to know which bulls will ring the bell for them when they flush their top virgin heifers. Some of those breeders feel that there are certain sires more capable than others at leaving top of the list progeny? Put another way can two bulls be ranked the same for total merit but one leaves progeny that are very consistent for their genomic values while the other bull produces progeny that range more in value. Breeders are willing to gamble and use the bull that appears to be able to produce list toppers. Breeders are asking the question – have our scientists studied this and is their an answer to the question of why some families consistently throw the high outliers?
Which are the Future Parents
As well with more and more emphasis being given to management, health and fertility traits in dairy cattle selection the question becomes which are the young bulls or elite heifers for the future. Could it be that they should be 90%RK for Production and 99%RK for Durability and 99%Rk for Health & Fertility? Attention needs to be given to matter with a view to the needs for the next ten plus years. (Read more: Total Merit Indexes: Are they helping or hurting?, Does Your Breeding Program Save You Labor? and Are Your Genetics Wasting Feed and Labor?)
Health / Disease Resistance
No doubt we have only scratched the surface on what the DNA profile of an animal can tell use about an animal’s ability to remain healthy and disease free. Even though breeders would like to have the answers today, the absence of farm data to match to the DNA will likely mean that this area of breeding will be relatively inaccurate for some time into the future. That does not mean that we should not continue to study this area, it is just that we can not expect answers quickly.
Female Fertility
Here again we are dealing with an area where there is limited farm data, or the farm data is not in connected data bases that can be used to correlate female fertility with DNA profiles. Is there farm data out there that tells us when heifers reach puberty? No. Are there genetic differences in when heifers can be first bred? Likely but we do not know. To go even further what about female conception rates? Biologically up to 90% of the time a sperm fertilizes an egg, yet only 65% of heifers and 40% of cows in Holsteins actually become pregnant. The inability of a fertilized egg to implant is significant but knowing the genetics of that is still a long ways off. Maybe there is research in other species that might be useful for linking female fertility with DNA profiles.
Breeders who flush females know that to be financially successful a cow or heifer must give many viable embryos. And that there are differences amongst cow families in how many embryos produced. (Read more: What Comes First The Chicken Or The Egg? And Investing in Dairy Cattle Genetics – Think Outside the Box) One question yet to be answered is by using IVF on poor flushing families are we, in fact, hindering reproduction from a genetic perspective. Yes more questions than answers but remember that the most common reason for cows being culled is infertility. So we do not need bull dams being genetically inferior for reproduction.
Mobility
With lameness in dairy cattle being targeted as a big time problem in animal care circles, is it time that a mobility index be produced? Can we take our current DNA profiles and calculate such an index? It matters little that we know a host of traits about feet and legs when breeders are most concerned about a cow or heifer’s ability to move freely and comfortably in the environment is which she lives. (Read more: Cow Mobility: One Step Forward or Two Steps Back?)
Getting with the Program
Perhaps some of our ‘thought list’ will be possible in the next year or two. One thing we know is that for traits to be able to be evaluated we need more animals both recorded for performance and DNA profiled. Of immediate concern is that without broad based field data for calf and heifer performance we are limited in what we can accurately know about this important cost center. Any breeders not currently DNA profiling all their heifer calves are denying themselves future opportunities to advance their herds. Cost is frequently given as the reason for not DNA profiling, yet the cost is only about equal to officially milk recording a cow for a year. The information obtained can be used early in life including which heifers to keep, how to manage them and which sires to breed them to.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Like almost everything else in genetic advancement, genomics does not have all the answers. It does not have 100% accuracy but it sure does shorten the generation interval in dairy cattle breeding. Opportunity knocks for the breeders that do profile their animals. And every month with new facts coming out on genomics, the opportunity for greater return on investment increases for participating breeders.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
In breeding circles we seldom talk about labor costs or how the bulls we use affect the ratio of milk cows to workers. With labor costing between 15% (robotic or very large herds paying minimum wage) to 25% (small show oriented herds with higher skilled staff) of total on-farm costs, we are talking about a cost item that has a moderate to high opportunity for cost savings. So how does genetics factor into those savings? Let’s do some calculating on that and see where we end up.
Have an Open Mind
It likely goes without saying, that as a Bullvine subscriber you are looking for the new and novel. However when it comes to total labor cost, we must all be prepared to change our ways. And the first habit to change could well be how we select the bulls we use. Labor intensive animals or animals that do not fit into group management need not apply for work on bottom line focused farms. If the marketing of show animals is your business then perhaps this article is not for you. However if your business is the efficient production of fat and protein from your farm with perhaps some sale of surplus breeding animals then you are the audience this article is written to stimulate. (Read more: FACT VS. FANTASY: A Realistic Approach to Sire Selection and From Fantasy to Reality – Top sires to address herd culling problems)
Know and Adhere to Minimums
To save time and to achieve your objectives you are advised to have a genetic plan for you herd (Read more: What’s the plan?). Types up your plan as it relates to bulls indexes and post it by your semen / embryo tank. That way you can quickly show any genetic supplier what your requirements are. That way no semen or embryos need to go into your tank that do not follow your plan. Minimums could be something like 40 pounds of fat, 30 pounds of protein, DPR 1.0, UDC 1.0, FLC 1.0, SCS 2.90, PL 4.0, NM$ 650, gTPI 2000, …etc. I leave it to you to convert the numbers into your corresponding values should you reside outside the USA.
Determining Your Minimums
Since sires used account for 90% of the genetic advancement in most production focused herd, the following thoughts are provided for readers to apply when considering sire indexes and labor required. The same rationale applies to embryos and live animals purchases.
Reproduction
Poor reproduction takes a big toll on dairy farms and considerable extra time and effort for difficult calvings, treating metritis cases, breeding more than once, heat checking, treating infertile cows and entering the information into the herd management software. The Bullvine estimates that 10% of the labor force could be tied up with issues relating to poor reproduction. Extensive genetic information is available on sires on calving ease (direct & maternal), daughter pregnancy rates / daughter fertility, and semen conception rate. In a two hundred cow milking herd wouldn’t it be a real profit plus if one worker in ten could be eliminated because the bulls used were genetically superior for reproduction traits?
Some breeders would like it to go even further as they would like to know which sires produce heifers that come into heat by one year of age. But sadly that data, if it exists, does not make it to DPR or DHI and therefore no genetic evaluations can be calculated.
Milking
Two primary areas immediately come to mind where genetics affect the labor associated with milking. These are the actual time to milk and the time to treat cows with mastitis. Cows are not uniformly the same. Cows faster than average are no problem but slow cows slow down their side of the parlour or they must take a second turn around the rotary. Of course slow milkers cut back on the number of cows one robot can accommodate. But it does not stop there. Very short teats, rear teats too close, poor milking temperament and overly deep and meaty udders all add to the effort and time that workers must put in at EVERY milking. Two minutes longer to milk every cow in a tie stall barn can almost double the hours to milk and in a parlour the extra two minutes for a portion of the herd can add an hour to each milking. Remember it isn’t only milking speed but it is also getting the milking unit to stay on short teats and the treating of cows with mastitis and having to keep their milk separated. Every worker puts in 2000 hours per year on the job. Sires that produce daughters that take an extra two minutes at each milking in 3x 200 cow herds can require the expense of an extra worker very quickly.
Movement
Breeders recognize that lameness is a big expense for their farms as well as being an animal welfare issue that consumers are increasingly aware of. Part of the increased expense is the extra labor that is required to treat lame animals and move lame animals to and from milking. Feet and pastern strength are not very heritable but if there are enough daughters in a bull’s proof there is very good information to use in selecting sires. Another index that is also useful when selecting bulls to use is rear legs rear view. It is not simple to determine the added hours it takes to deal with lame cows but in some problematic herds it could add up to many hours per week.
Setting Your Minimums
Check the sires you have been using. Do they qualify as labor savers? If they don’t then perhaps the best move to make is to dump their semen and get semen from bulls that qualify as labor savers. To be within the top 17% of the breed for traits that affect labor required, bulls must have the following minimum indexes:
Name
LPI
Milk
Fat
Prot
%F
%P
Conf
VEAZLAND MARION-ET
993
2926
58
65
-0.42
-0.25
0
FUSTEAD EMORY BLITZ-ET
811
2760
19
25
-0.71
-0.53
8
KELSTEIN OLIVER
1549
2656
79
85
-0.16
-0.03
1
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET-ET
2625
2601
92
83
-0.01
-0.02
9
MORNINGVIEW-MT-I LAKEVIEW
1516
2591
67
83
-0.26
-0.03
1
DE-SU GILLESPY-ET
2754
2557
74
69
-0.18
-0.12
14
B-HIDDENHILLS MAR MARMAX-ET
1303
2557
45
72
-0.43
-0.1
-1
STANTONS SILENT
796
2531
34
62
-0.5
-0.17
-3
BRAEDALE BIGBEN
-108
2511
7
37
-0.74
-0.38
3
VIORIS SLEEMAN
1939
2480
71
89
-0.17
0.06
6
DRIFTY-HOLLOW MASTODON
1385
2397
44
55
-0.39
-0.2
3
BONTEMPS-I ASHTON
1451
2355
49
57
-0.33
-0.17
9
ETAZON ADDISON
191
2264
15
68
-0.61
-0.06
-5
REGANCREST LONGTIME
1565
2244
28
60
-0.47
-0.12
11
DA-SO-BURN DAMASK-ET
108
2242
24
38
-0.51
-0.3
-1
FREUREHAVEN NIAGARA
2665
2226
93
77
0.11
0.03
8
BO-IRISH ALTON-ET
1915
2222
71
77
-0.09
0.03
1
PETHERTON DARBY
534
2212
11
41
-0.61
-0.26
0
JEWELED-ACRES SHARKY-ET
1790
2184
78
81
-0.03
0.08
-3
MAINSTREAM CROWN-ET
187
2177
24
10
-0.48
-0.51
5
GINARY ROCKEFELLER
589
2165
44
34
-0.31
-0.31
6
MR ELITE-ET
515
2123
23
46
-0.5
-0.2
1
MORSAN ROSETTE
830
2105
36
40
-0.37
-0.25
2
DELABERGE LAZARO
537
2100
-5
40
-0.71
-0.24
-2
MY-JOHN DENBY-ET
850
2079
45
52
-0.27
-0.14
-3
STANTONS ENTER
1212
2067
20
50
-0.5
-0.15
3
CO-OP LONDON COSMO-ET
1467
2061
11
60
-0.56
-0.07
0
RICECREST MURPHY-ET
1506
2060
60
65
-0.14
-0.01
-1
RICH-J SOSA-ET
404
2057
20
35
-0.5
-0.28
-2
SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET
2167
2049
73
58
-0.02
-0.07
10
GEN-I-BEQ LAVAL
1663
2048
58
57
-0.14
-0.08
7
CASTEL
1245
2047
44
53
-0.27
-0.13
3
COMESTAR EL TOREADOR
1261
2034
46
40
-0.26
-0.23
10
SANDY-VALLEY BRISK-ET
213
2031
33
41
-0.37
-0.22
-5
LA PRESENTATION CHARLY
-559
2019
10
42
-0.57
-0.21
-12
GLEN-TOCTIN LASHBAX-ET
1512
2016
32
56
-0.38
-0.08
5
COMESTAR LITTORAL
857
2015
4
42
-0.61
-0.2
6
HORSTYLE MAXWELL-ET
1238
2011
38
71
-0.31
0.03
5
LE-O-LA EMERSON CLASSIC-TW
1515
2006
22
56
-0.46
-0.08
5
MY-JOHN ROB-ET
1300
2005
35
78
-0.34
0.09
2
COMESTAR LOUDANO
612
2004
27
42
-0.41
-0.21
1
EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER
1639
1999
68
40
-0.04
-0.22
7
WELCOME GARTER-ET
962
1990
51
52
-0.19
-0.12
1
COXLYN CAVAN
690
1990
26
40
-0.42
-0.21
3
ALTAPPEL GLENDOR
1657
1974
71
45
0.01
-0.16
4
GILLETTE WALLACE
1434
1971
43
44
-0.26
-0.18
8
GILLETTE WHITEFACE
1434
1971
43
44
-0.26
-0.18
8
PREMIER-G BLACKSMITH-ET
1585
1967
54
54
-0.15
-0.09
6
EMERALD-ACR-VR CHASER-ET
1019
1960
33
56
-0.34
-0.07
-7
JNP-ATH-MOR MOSAIC-ET
774
1945
42
43
-0.27
-0.18
1
BENNER JUDO
1267
1944
83
43
0.12
-0.18
4
LEHOUX FESTIVAL
1226
1934
27
42
-0.41
-0.19
7
SUNNYLODGE SEYMORE
331
1934
13
29
-0.51
-0.29
0
GEPAQUETTE MESQUIN
1292
1931
47
58
-0.22
-0.05
3
KARONA FANTASY
2021
1927
55
64
-0.12
0.01
6
MISTER MADAGASCAR
694
1927
34
40
-0.32
-0.2
1
STANTONS PRONGER
-635
1912
1
19
-0.63
-0.37
0
GILLETTE WINDOVER
882
1896
20
26
-0.44
-0.31
9
RALMA-RH TRUMPET-ET
1117
1894
55
37
-0.13
-0.22
5
BEYERCREST JUDD-ET
711
1888
23
28
-0.41
-0.29
2
MOHRFIELD FORM TRADEMARK-ET
134
1881
0
28
-0.61
-0.29
0
LADYS-MANOR LANCE-ET
117
1878
16
29
-0.47
-0.28
-1
SCHULTZ BIRMAN-ET
1058
1865
82
50
0.12
-0.09
-4
MR MILLION MEGA-MAN-ET
733
1862
24
25
-0.39
-0.31
3
THORNSPYC TOYBOY
90
1857
8
20
-0.54
-0.35
4
CRESCENTMEAD-A MOSES-ET
-439
1852
11
26
-0.51
-0.29
-9
MACO FRED
1934
1849
78
70
0.11
0.07
1
PINE-SHELTER LARAMEE MOR-ET
504
1849
-5
40
-0.63
-0.17
8
MS POSIBILITY PRODUCER-ET
1109
1845
46
43
-0.19
-0.15
3
GILLETTE WOLF
713
1835
30
21
-0.32
-0.33
4
GILLETTE WYMAN
713
1835
30
21
-0.32
-0.33
4
PALMERCREST BLITZ BLADE-ET
738
1834
2
20
-0.57
-0.34
12
SANDY-VALLEY BLISS-ET
1296
1828
23
43
-0.39
-0.14
8
SANDY-VALLEY BAILEY-ET
1299
1821
58
51
-0.07
-0.08
6
HA-HO CUBBY MANFRED-ET
1275
1816
50
54
-0.16
-0.04
-7
POLY-KOW ALLTOP-ET
1650
1815
46
49
-0.19
-0.09
7
STANTONS SCHOLASTIC
1233
1814
46
62
-0.17
0.01
1
SPRINGHILL-OH ELLIPSIS-ET
366
1814
10
22
-0.5
-0.32
3
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET
3461
1808
95
94
0.26
0.28
12
COMESTAR LOHAN
1088
1804
51
32
-0.14
-0.23
5
WALLACEVIEW PATTON
1443
1794
66
43
0.01
-0.14
4
GAVOR
863
1794
5
63
-0.54
0.04
3
REGANCREST-JB MONTY-ET
758
1793
7
29
-0.51
-0.25
2
BLOSSOMDAIRY CALVIN
500
1785
37
37
-0.25
-0.19
-5
JOCKO BESN
1170
1784
46
64
-0.18
0.05
-1
LADYS-MANOR AGRESSIVE-ET
373
1780
44
44
-0.18
-0.12
1
ROCKYMOUNTAIN LOCKMASTER
1377
1775
48
34
-0.15
-0.21
7
GILLETTE LEWISTON
1319
1775
46
46
-0.18
-0.11
10
SUMMERSHADE ICECOLD
803
1773
39
45
-0.23
-0.12
-1
BRYHILL LAKDAR
1056
1768
68
40
0.04
-0.16
3
PLUSHANSKI FANTOM-ET
573
1761
-18
23
-0.74
-0.29
7
NEU-WAY ADMAN-ET
453
1759
13
58
-0.45
0
-4
GINARY BRAD
1790
1757
44
47
-0.18
-0.09
8
GENO MARITIME
1867
1745
67
50
0.04
-0.06
8
GEPAQUETTE CYCLONE
261
1745
25
26
-0.36
-0.27
1
PARADISE-D GILMORE-ET
1626
1742
50
50
-0.12
-0.06
7
MORNINGVIEW HASKEL
1784
1726
77
57
0.13
0.01
5
GILLETTE CARNEGIE
140
1721
26
45
-0.33
-0.1
0
MAINSTREAM MANIFOLD
2234
1720
83
70
0.18
0.12
2
MAPEL WOOD LAIRD
1699
1720
51
45
-0.13
-0.1
4
JEANLU LANIER
741
1717
33
38
-0.26
-0.16
-3
BO-IRISH FRANKLIN-ET
365
1717
18
34
-0.39
-0.19
1
STANTONS BUBBA
698
1715
59
44
-0.04
-0.11
-3
GREENLANE SLOAN
1336
1711
39
49
-0.21
-0.06
0
PLUSHANSKI ATMEN-ET
1107
1707
27
21
-0.33
-0.31
9
BENNER SERGIO
502
1704
25
36
-0.33
-0.17
-4
PFAFFS SOCCER-ET
-85
1704
45
49
-0.16
-0.07
-5
MAR-BIL BOLTON GUNFIRE-ET
1588
1699
53
42
-0.09
-0.12
7
CREEK DORNE-ET
1234
1698
41
25
-0.18
-0.26
6
RALMA FILMSTAR
1541
1690
47
39
-0.15
-0.15
5
DUDOC PASTEL
-80
1690
16
37
-0.42
-0.16
-1
BO-IRISH CHIVE-ET
842
1689
20
47
-0.38
-0.07
1
HONEYCREST ELEGANT-ET
1660
1685
48
46
-0.13
-0.08
7
SAMBUKA
950
1684
3
48
-0.53
-0.06
8
LARCREST CAPTURE-ET
605
1684
47
44
-0.12
-0.09
-3
SANDY-VALLEY BAUER-ET
1280
1681
48
34
-0.12
-0.18
8
BADGER ONESHOT-ET
1212
1680
25
52
-0.32
-0.02
1
O-BEE JURYMAN-ET
1295
1679
61
49
-0.01
-0.05
3
SILDAHL AIRRAID
1831
1676
81
40
0.18
-0.13
7
BENNER JEREMIAD
221
1674
62
46
0.01
-0.07
-4
GENERVATIONS BALANCE
1496
1671
65
46
0.05
-0.07
8
HENKESEEN HILLCREST-ET
220
1669
4
38
-0.5
-0.14
1
STANTONS STEWARD
1069
1664
57
50
-0.02
-0.04
0
YROLGAULT LUCIUS
1353
1663
60
27
0.01
-0.24
9
MARYLINE OGAR-ET
866
1661
-8
54
-0.61
0
-1
HAMMINGVIEW WOLVERINE
216
1660
22
23
-0.34
-0.26
3
ROCKYMOUNTAIN LONGSUIT
1024
1657
44
42
-0.14
-0.11
8
GG ADDISON SATIRE
1241
1655
60
61
-0.01
0.06
1
MICHETTE MEDIEVAL
260
1654
5
31
-0.5
-0.2
4
BRIGEEN GIVENCHY-ET
1048
1653
60
34
0
-0.17
0
TRUST
364
1651
29
31
-0.29
-0.19
1
CHARPENTIER PHARAON
869
1645
20
34
-0.36
-0.17
2
DARITA MIDNIGHT-ET
1573
1644
38
56
-0.2
0.01
2
WALHOWDON MARSHALL HARRY-ET
1344
1644
29
56
-0.28
0.02
5
APPLOUIS JET STREAM-ET
1599
1636
52
56
-0.07
0.02
2
CHARPENTIER ALTAMADARA
1043
1634
50
39
-0.08
-0.13
3
RJR CLARITY-ET
1151
1632
60
35
0
-0.16
0
GINARY JACOB
908
1631
21
29
-0.35
-0.21
7
BRAEDALE JAFAR
898
1630
47
48
-0.11
-0.04
0
LADYS-MANOR DOMINION
815
1617
28
38
-0.3
-0.13
4
DELABERGE LOGAN
379
1617
34
52
-0.23
-0.02
-3
SUMMERSHADE ICICLE
-167
1616
-9
35
-0.62
-0.16
-7
SMITHDEN BUCKSTAR
1176
1615
6
35
-0.48
-0.16
6
BUTOISE BAHAMAS
2106
1612
48
69
-0.1
0.13
7
MR ELLISON
1384
1607
37
44
-0.19
-0.07
6
REGANCREST-BH TS DELMIK-ET
943
1606
38
39
-0.19
-0.12
1
CLEROLI ALTALATEX
1392
1604
71
42
0.12
-0.09
0
JAUQUET-SOUKUP CONTACT-ET
337
1598
16
31
-0.39
-0.19
-5
CEDARWAL APTITUDE
-7
1598
31
34
-0.25
-0.16
-1
PLUSHANSKI RASBOI-ET
1052
1594
27
36
-0.29
-0.14
6
STANTONS EMAIL
1004
1594
51
38
-0.07
-0.12
4
GARONNE LE FORT
-460
1590
-28
14
-0.77
-0.33
1
ALVES
1313
1585
37
55
-0.19
0.02
-1
WESSELCREST AIRBORNE-ET
1939
1584
31
47
-0.23
-0.04
9
FUSTEAD VITAL SIGN-ET
-39
1584
1
46
-0.51
-0.06
-7
ROCKYMOUNTAIN LIMITED
969
1583
1
42
-0.52
-0.1
5
OLMAR B W M JIM
476
1583
24
26
-0.31
-0.21
4
DELABERGE DESPATIE
1790
1582
37
44
-0.17
-0.06
11
VYECROFT OAK CREEK
1035
1580
32
43
-0.22
-0.07
9
GOLDEN-OAKS ALTAJAXON-ET
1376
1579
55
77
-0.02
0.21
-4
MAGOR ESSENCE-ET
685
1579
52
55
-0.05
0.02
-5
HILLS-END SHOTTLE CHANCE-ET
1297
1577
13
37
-0.42
-0.12
6
TESK-HOLM M BLUE-ET
-775
1572
24
25
-0.31
-0.23
-9
GEPAQUETTE REMBRANT
1117
1570
10
44
-0.43
-0.07
4
AMMON FARM DYSON-ET
-33
1568
15
36
-0.38
-0.14
-1
POTH-ACRES GIBBY-ET
1362
1567
49
54
-0.08
0.02
6
NOR-BERT CAVENDISH-ET
1237
1567
47
51
-0.09
0
5
RICECREST LANTZ-ET
191
1565
22
57
-0.32
0.06
-7
HARTFORD MYRON-ET
798
1564
26
46
-0.27
-0.05
-1
BRAINWAVE WARNING
-183
1562
12
29
-0.41
-0.19
-5
DUDOC RADIUS
1918
1557
42
44
-0.14
-0.06
6
COMESTAR LAUTHIERY
1385
1555
43
46
-0.11
-0.05
8
R-E-W BLOCKBUSTER-ET
1128
1554
40
42
-0.15
-0.07
4
MORNINGVIEW JIMMY
930
1554
28
43
-0.27
-0.06
2
GILLETTE WINDSTORM
566
1554
15
35
-0.37
-0.13
7
PENNVIEW INJUSTICE
662
1553
27
22
-0.27
-0.25
3
ROBTHOM MOSCOW-ET
1053
1551
8
29
-0.43
-0.19
6
BROWNKING BRADEN-ET
695
1551
34
53
-0.19
0.02
-4
DESLACS MCQUEEN
1718
1549
56
60
-0.01
0.07
4
GILLETTE COLE
416
1548
29
18
-0.25
-0.28
4
LYLEHAVEN GAYLORD
-596
1548
-15
27
-0.65
-0.21
-5
LESPERRON MACLEOD
1551
1545
52
61
-0.04
0.08
4
TERRICK RAINDROP-ET
284
1540
6
41
-0.46
-0.08
-1
REGANCREST CHINOOK-ET
803
1539
26
33
-0.28
-0.15
10
STANTONS SENARIO
407
1537
46
51
-0.1
0.01
-1
DEMARC RANCH
1860
1534
45
55
-0.1
0.04
5
LYNNCREST HOOVER-ET
456
1533
24
31
-0.29
-0.16
2
PINE-TREE NAPOLEON-ET
592
1532
45
38
-0.1
-0.1
-2
DELABERGE LABYRINTHE
903
1529
16
41
-0.36
-0.08
6
MORNINGVIEW ERAGON-ET
1754
1525
54
50
0
-0.01
6
PINE-TREE KJ SHOLLIE-ET
969
1525
46
41
-0.09
-0.09
3
RICECREST EMMETT-ET
1341
1524
41
71
-0.13
0.18
0
GILLETTE JENKINS
329
1521
31
32
-0.23
-0.15
-2
STANTONS LINTEL
-246
1519
-3
29
-0.52
-0.18
-2
BOSDALE PROMO
1430
1518
40
43
-0.14
-0.06
10
PARADISE-R ROEBUCK
26
1517
13
18
-0.38
-0.27
-8
O-BEE MANFRED JUSTICE-ET
2392
1515
82
78
0.24
0.25
-2
HARTLINE TREY-ET
1428
1514
30
44
-0.24
-0.06
6
ALTA SAXON
1606
1511
76
38
0.2
-0.1
8
RICHESSE SAP
1206
1510
64
33
0.07
-0.15
-2
GRANDEUR ALTATEBOW-ET
1697
1509
36
41
-0.17
-0.08
9
CHASIN-RAINBOWS SEAN-RED-ET
-135
1507
6
42
-0.45
-0.06
-12
SANDY-VALLEY TOYOTA-ET
1245
1506
40
42
-0.15
-0.06
0
VISION-GEN DORION-ET
1436
1504
52
39
-0.02
-0.09
7
GILLETTE WIZARD
1247
1502
38
36
-0.15
-0.11
6
DIAMOND-OAK FROSTY-ET
1925
1499
68
56
0.12
0.06
1
WAUREGAN-I C MORRIE
216
1498
8
42
-0.42
-0.06
1
WA-DEL HAYDEN-ET
2058
1493
69
49
0.13
0.01
7
LANGS-TWIN-B STANLEY-ET
1076
1492
21
47
-0.3
-0.02
11
LYLEHAVEN GODFATHER-ET
-674
1486
-16
46
-0.64
-0.03
-8
WOODMARSH GUINESS-ET
807
1485
15
34
-0.38
-0.14
4
B-CREST OMAN STOMPIN-ET
1079
1484
14
51
-0.37
0.02
6
RICHESSE SOMBRERO
-78
1484
16
35
-0.33
-0.12
-2
GILLETTE WILDTHING
1514
1483
33
47
-0.19
-0.02
9
GILLETTE WILLROCK
1514
1483
33
47
-0.19
-0.02
9
KERNDT-PREMIER BUTZE-ET
1342
1482
58
41
0.02
-0.07
9
LEXVOLD LUKE HERSHEL-ET
219
1481
14
36
-0.37
-0.11
-3
LONDONDALE LMAN MAGNUM-ET
358
1479
4
36
-0.45
-0.12
-4
ALLWICK PARADE
-204
1479
9
33
-0.4
-0.13
-6
B-Y-U-I ELEVATOR
1116
1476
18
43
-0.32
-0.05
7
MR MAILMAN-ET
822
1475
-13
23
-0.6
-0.22
9
CLAYNOOK KELSO
1235
1474
39
52
-0.12
0.03
4
RAYPEL NORDIQUE
-1215
1474
-18
20
-0.66
-0.25
-9
HAMMINGVIEW STINGRAY
1289
1470
55
45
0.01
-0.03
8
DONNANDALE LEVI
-325
1470
17
43
-0.35
-0.05
-13
RONLAND JUNEAU
655
1469
-8
23
-0.56
-0.21
3
CRACKHOLM COMESTAR PAYMASTER
-1084
1468
-18
29
-0.65
-0.17
-7
B-Y-U MANDEL BOMBAY-ET
40
1467
-1
41
-0.51
-0.06
-6
SILDAHL JETT AIR-ET
2269
1464
64
32
0.11
-0.14
13
UFM-DUBS OLEGANT-ET
2213
1464
44
49
-0.09
0.01
9
LA PRESENTATION LUXOR
163
1460
10
37
-0.41
-0.1
1
PINE-TREE LIVONIA-ET
738
1459
31
35
-0.19
-0.11
-3
LADYS-MANOR RIGOROUS-ET
645
1459
48
28
-0.04
-0.17
0
STANTONS VISION
1246
1458
49
39
-0.03
-0.08
5
OPSAL SLADE-ET
576
1458
36
37
-0.18
-0.09
-1
TAILOR MADE INVESTOR
83
1457
25
23
-0.25
-0.22
0
SANDY-VALLEY FIREBACK-ET
1466
1455
30
60
-0.21
0.11
12
PINE-TREE MOLINE-ET
684
1455
20
38
-0.3
-0.08
0
HENKESEEN ATTENTION
205
1455
26
55
-0.25
0.07
-4
DE-SU BURNISH-ET
1526
1453
77
35
0.21
-0.11
4
BRAEDALE MR GREY CUP
453
1452
12
37
-0.37
-0.09
3
SILDAHL BW DUTCH BOY-ET
700
1450
21
50
-0.3
0.02
-3
CREEK DESTINY-ET
1031
1447
28
41
-0.22
-0.06
5
MAPEL WOOD ALTADESTINY
896
1446
48
50
-0.04
0.03
1
WILLSONA SHAMUS
639
1446
32
30
-0.19
-0.15
6
ALTA WAND
978
1445
23
46
-0.27
-0.01
5
WESSELCREST ALTAAIRSHOW-ET
1414
1443
30
36
-0.21
-0.1
6
CREEK BITES-ET
188
1443
19
53
-0.3
0.05
-7
BDGGENETICS ENCINO-ET
1698
1440
56
55
0.04
0.07
2
CEDARWAL RAIDER
284
1439
-5
30
-0.52
-0.15
-1
CLOVERHILLFM LOFTY
1459
1438
39
42
-0.14
-0.05
9
MURANDA BWM LEADER-ET
1510
1437
59
36
0.06
-0.09
5
GILLETTE WHY NOT
1184
1437
71
24
0.16
-0.2
8
OCONNORS JAY
2510
1435
67
76
0.13
0.24
11
MR TRI-STAR BOOKER-ET
809
1434
39
41
-0.12
-0.05
6
CLAYNOOK ATOM
331
1434
14
30
-0.34
-0.14
1
REGANCREST-MWS MAGNA-ET
661
1431
12
22
-0.36
-0.22
2
VELTHUIS LOU SPECTRUM
1057
1430
16
39
-0.33
-0.08
7
RALMA FLAG-ET
909
1430
12
32
-0.37
-0.13
8
CHASIN-RAINBOWS JADON-ET
1852
1427
47
51
-0.04
0.04
11
CANYON-BREEZE HRL ARTIC-ET
856
1427
12
47
-0.37
0.01
4
SANDY-VALLEY ALEJANDRO-ET
965
1423
28
44
-0.23
-0.02
6
GILLETTE WELLBRED
595
1423
58
37
0.05
-0.08
0
STANTONS SHAVER
330
1423
22
33
-0.28
-0.12
1
ERBCREST BOLTON MONTY
1492
1422
67
45
0.15
-0.02
4
GEN-I-BEQ ALTABUZZER
2148
1421
75
44
0.22
-0.02
8
DIAMOND-OAK BARTON-ET
1621
1420
59
47
0.07
0.01
1
R-E-W BUCKEYE-ET
1143
1419
33
37
-0.17
-0.08
3
GILLETTE WHATS UP
1110
1419
42
22
-0.08
-0.21
5
KRULLCREST-H WOLFGANG-ET
1119
1416
48
41
-0.04
-0.06
6
REGANCREST MONTELL-ET
716
1412
15
27
-0.32
-0.17
3
WARGO-ACRES MIRAGE-ET
479
1412
22
21
-0.27
-0.21
1
STANBRO PROGRAM
1383
1409
12
39
-0.36
-0.06
6
KERNDTWAY HOWIE-ET
691
1409
20
26
-0.28
-0.17
6
BARNKAMPER ALTABENNIE
1367
1404
37
46
-0.14
0
8
WEST PORT MOBY RED
816
1404
52
46
0.01
0
-1
LA PRESENTATION SAROIS
-242
1403
19
46
-0.3
0
-10
TSDF FAME-ET
688
1401
16
16
-0.32
-0.25
-1
CHASIN-RAINBOWS AUDITOR-ET
730
1400
34
45
-0.16
-0.01
-1
ROCHER SHAKER-RED-ET
319
1400
37
40
-0.14
-0.05
-3
WAUREGAN-I MAESTRO
451
1398
49
46
-0.01
0
-2
ALPINA REVENUE
695
1396
20
39
-0.27
-0.07
-4
SKIPWELL COLLIER
781
1395
26
33
-0.21
-0.11
7
COGENT COURIER
104
1395
3
54
-0.44
0.06
-7
STERNDALE LIQUEUR ET
1424
1392
45
42
-0.06
-0.03
10
PENNVIEW INTRUDER
-150
1392
27
26
-0.22
-0.17
1
VELTHUIS S V B SAMPSON
1606
1391
43
51
-0.07
0.04
2
COMESTAR LITTLE ROCK
868
1390
6
43
-0.42
-0.03
2
MORNINGVIEW SUNFIRE
41
1389
18
34
-0.31
-0.11
-3
COMESTAR LAUSHERIF
-1072
1389
-13
19
-0.58
-0.22
-6
END-ROAD PVF BOLIVER-ET
1424
1388
50
56
-0.01
0.09
2
VELVET-VIEW-KJ SOCRATES-ET
1263
1388
60
29
0.08
-0.14
3
STRAUSSDALE SUNDANCE-ET
1236
1388
39
45
-0.11
-0.01
6
HARTLINE FOWLER-ET
1739
1387
61
36
0.09
-0.08
7
WEST PORT ARRON DOON MALTBY P
1109
1387
36
42
-0.13
-0.04
0
MONDIAL BLANCO ET
726
1386
-2
17
-0.48
-0.25
7
WALLACEVIEW ALADDIN
1435
1385
66
61
0.15
0.13
4
LA PRESENTATION DORILION
-680
1385
20
35
-0.28
-0.09
-6
KAMPS-HOLLOW CONVCD RSVP-ET
1681
1383
88
52
0.34
0.06
2
CHARPENTIER NEWPORT
1406
1383
54
32
0.03
-0.12
6
MORSAN NOLTON
1137
1376
55
25
0.05
-0.16
5
BRAEDALE BUZZLIGHTYEAR
-743
1375
-25
23
-0.69
-0.19
-2
GEN-I-BEQ STARMAX
1012
1374
29
40
-0.18
-0.04
5
LANG-ENGLAND CAPRI-ET
1003
1373
26
27
-0.21
-0.15
3
STOUDER MORTY-ET
270
1372
9
24
-0.37
-0.18
3
ROCKALLI BRADLEY
60
1372
23
23
-0.25
-0.19
1
GILLETTE BRILEA F B I
1180
1369
38
35
-0.11
-0.09
8
GEPAQUETTE GANDALF
454
1369
-7
33
-0.52
-0.1
2
SYNERGY WAYNO
927
1368
21
33
-0.27
-0.1
5
MACO PHILOMIN
241
1368
20
23
-0.28
-0.18
-4
MORNINGVIEW FAKIR
884
1367
19
21
-0.28
-0.21
9
RAYPEL SUMMIT
519
1367
29
38
-0.19
-0.06
1
CROCKETT-ACRES EIGHT-ET
2297
1366
73
78
0.21
0.28
0
AVERILL FIDEL-ET
856
1366
43
36
-0.05
-0.07
-1
LOUISELLE EQUINOX
760
1365
23
30
-0.25
-0.13
5
LLOYETTA LONNY
580
1364
14
26
-0.33
-0.17
1
SAVAGE-LEIGH LEITH-ET
1142
1363
21
37
-0.29
-0.07
8
DESLACS SATISFACTION
123
1357
1
38
-0.44
-0.06
-3
BOFRAN LOUISVILLE
932
1354
33
27
-0.14
-0.15
8
KEYSTONE PYREX-ET
272
1354
15
14
-0.32
-0.26
0
STANTONS SVEN
1123
1353
45
55
-0.03
0.09
0
DUDOC INCARNE
507
1353
-5
33
-0.49
-0.1
0
GEN-I-BEQ CHARTER
269
1351
32
18
-0.16
-0.22
3
LARELEVE DAVIGNON
1339
1348
24
30
-0.22
-0.12
8
MEMENTO BENEDICT P
1026
1348
-4
18
-0.49
-0.23
11
COMESTAR LAUTREC
2066
1347
76
50
0.24
0.05
10
COMESTAR ATTRACTION
43
1346
28
17
-0.2
-0.24
4
GILLETTE ALTACIA
577
1344
32
14
-0.16
-0.26
6
S-M-E-I TITLE
627
1343
31
42
-0.17
-0.03
-5
BERRYHOLME FULLFLOW ET
498
1343
44
19
-0.04
-0.21
5
DESLACS LIAISON
5
1343
20
34
-0.26
-0.09
-1
SMITHDEN ACADIAN
896
1339
29
43
-0.17
-0.01
1
MORNINGVIEW DAPPER-ET
838
1337
9
34
-0.36
-0.09
4
FAVREAUTIERE GRIZZLY
488
1337
-6
11
-0.51
-0.28
8
WINDSOR-MANOR ZAREK-ET
751
1336
63
37
0.13
-0.06
-2
STRIPES SKYWAY
244
1336
-13
26
-0.57
-0.15
0
RAYPEL SUTTON
855
1335
12
32
-0.33
-0.1
9
BOFRAN LYAM
532
1335
19
27
-0.27
-0.14
2
PENNVIEW INVESTMENT
1072
1334
60
36
0.12
-0.06
6
MAINSTREAM CONSTABLE-ET
957
1334
43
27
-0.05
-0.14
5
COLDSPRINGS KENYON 9118-ET
1772
1333
65
44
0.15
0
6
GEN-I-BEQ TOPSIDE
2472
1331
81
50
0.3
0.05
13
BO-IRISH FINE
207
1331
1
18
-0.44
-0.22
7
DOMICOLE CVF SULLIVAN
1067
1330
51
24
0.02
-0.17
6
MARINEAU ALTATANGUAY
979
1330
40
38
-0.08
-0.05
8
LYSTEL CHICAGO
-1025
1330
-11
1
-0.55
-0.36
-4
SIR LINERWAY ALTALEX-ET
679
1329
1
39
-0.44
-0.04
-1
PECK-VALLEY ULYSSES-RED
-839
1329
-30
15
-0.72
-0.24
-10
LANG-ENGLAND HARRISON-ET
759
1328
23
33
-0.23
-0.08
2
LINDENRIGHT APPLAUSE
437
1327
1
28
-0.42
-0.13
1
ROBTHOM ROSEWOOD
-741
1326
-6
11
-0.5
-0.28
-6
MICHERET REDQUILL-RED
955
1325
16
25
-0.29
-0.15
5
HENDEL MINNEAPOLIS-ET
793
1324
11
33
-0.34
-0.09
4
KED JOCK-TW
259
1322
38
29
-0.1
-0.12
-4
STANTONS BRAKE
1187
1321
49
45
0.01
0.02
2
BLANCO BIG BILL
984
1316
30
16
-0.16
-0.23
8
BRAEDALE GOLDRUSH
1126
1315
48
43
-0.01
0
5
BEAUCOISE CAMAY
-389
1314
-11
23
-0.54
-0.17
-6
WILLSONA SURE THING
1704
1313
52
58
0.03
0.13
1
COMESTAR LUTICA
833
1313
26
64
-0.2
0.17
-2
LADYS-MANOR WINCHESTER-ET
6
1313
48
28
0
-0.13
-8
LARS-ACRES ALTAFLAME-ET
1388
1311
52
36
0.04
-0.06
4
PETHERTON ROTHBY
1308
1310
51
26
0.02
-0.15
7
JENNY-LOU MARSHALL P149-ET
883
1309
25
33
-0.21
-0.09
6
STANTONS SCANDAL
657
1309
33
50
-0.14
0.06
-3
FREUREHAVEN ROGER
766
1304
42
29
-0.05
-0.12
5
RONLAND JUDAS JONNY
586
1304
30
36
-0.18
-0.07
-5
QUIETCOVE-RAR M BURTON-ET
218
1303
29
25
-0.17
-0.16
-4
SANDY-VALLEY BRODERICK-ET
653
1300
42
31
-0.04
-0.09
-3
KILDARE BLOOPER
171
1300
5
25
-0.38
-0.15
3
RAUSCHER MARS 999-GRAND-ET
884
1299
-5
27
-0.47
-0.13
7
MARYCLERC B SUPERBUCK
1167
1297
29
31
-0.17
-0.11
7
MAINSTREAM MOHAWK-ET
-216
1296
-27
17
-0.69
-0.22
4
DROLIE DEFROST
-193
1295
-13
27
-0.54
-0.13
-3
CALBRETT-I H H CHAMPION
483
1291
29
31
-0.17
-0.1
2
PELLERAT MORDICUS
-630
1288
6
12
-0.37
-0.26
-5
GILLETTE WATCH OUT
1936
1287
92
44
0.41
0.02
5
PINE-TREE STRAUB-ET
389
1287
25
26
-0.21
-0.14
1
LADYS-MANOR AM TANGLE-ET
1006
1285
46
37
-0.02
-0.04
-3
GOLDEN-OAKS TIMBER-ET
-317
1284
-10
7
-0.52
-0.3
-2
GENETI-CO APOLLO-ET
757
1283
44
44
-0.03
0.02
0
MEADOW BRIDGE MOONSTONE
-306
1282
2
42
-0.4
0
-9
VALLEY-DRIVE ZESTY-ET
1269
1281
36
55
-0.09
0.11
2
PENN-ENGLAND DELL-ET
876
1280
20
32
-0.24
-0.09
4
WA-DEL BUBBA-ET
-347
1278
9
14
-0.34
-0.24
-5
OPSAL WILSTAR DORIC-ET
737
1277
46
26
-0.01
-0.13
6
MAINSTREAM PATRICK-ET
-12
1276
13
30
-0.31
-0.11
-8
LARCREST COMPLEX-ET
-376
1275
-13
5
-0.55
-0.31
5
ROLLING-SPRING ESTHETIC-ET
107
1273
-1
16
-0.43
-0.22
3
SIKKEMA-STAR-W MOSAD-ET
-329
1272
-11
36
-0.53
-0.05
-4
WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PROMAR-ET
949
1271
7
33
-0.35
-0.08
9
DUDOC MR BURNS
1818
1269
31
66
-0.13
0.21
8
LADYS-MANOR WILDMAN-ET
750
1269
29
36
-0.15
-0.05
5
TI-SUE MAXIMUM-ET
682
1269
38
16
-0.08
-0.22
6
RICHESSE STRASSMAN
966
1268
54
32
0.07
-0.09
3
JOLICAP CARRERA
1776
1266
45
45
0
0.04
10
VER-HAGES RIGBY-ET
341
1266
51
23
0.05
-0.16
-3
TWINAIRVIEW BULLSEYE
97
1266
-10
12
-0.52
-0.25
6
LITTLE RIVER SHENSTONE
-599
1265
-9
17
-0.5
-0.22
-9
EXPRESS LESPERRON DAYLIVE
-518
1263
-24
17
-0.64
-0.2
2
MR MIDNIGHT-ET
740
1262
29
37
-0.17
-0.05
4
The Bullvine Bottom Line
On December 3rd new bull indexes will be released. Life on the farm has the potential to require less labor or fewer labor intensive jobs if you select sires that SAVE LABOR. December 3rd is less than two weeks away. It is time to start re-writing the genetic plan for your herd.
Breeders often want to know how to price the animals they wish to sell or in order to value their inventory. But it does not stop there. Breeders also use sale prices to determine which sires they should use to generate future revenue from genetic sales. In order to assist breeders The Bullvine has analysed five sales held in Canada between October 24 and November 07, 2013. Those sales are the Genibeq V Sale, the Leading to the Royal Sale, the SnowBiz Dispersal, the Jetstream Global Greatness Sale and the Sale of Stars.
Summary
In total 408 live animals, 27 choices and 74 embryos sold for a total sales value of $5,000,045. Heifers averaged $10,280 (338 head), cows $14,290 (70 head), choices $15,922 and embryos $873. Each sale had its own focus for the animals sold and as might be expected the sale averages ranged from $3,500 to over $19,000. Yet the story goes much deeper than simply the averages.
Heifers Sell According to Earning Power
Recently the marketing focus has been on heifers. This was very evident in these sales with heifers being 83% of the live animal sold. Within the heifers there was a considerable price range according to their merit. The averages according to group are as follows:
Table 1 – Analysis by Buying Motivator – Heifers
Name
Country
Sire
MGS
BPI (%)
SANDY-VALLEY NU PENELOPE
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
100.0
DE-SU UNO 2145
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
DE-SU OBSERVER
99.0
S-S-I UNO MARA 8395
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK
95.1
SANDY-VALLEY UNO PAXTON
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
93.1
MS LOOKOUT PSC COBRABRYN
USA
WALHOWDON RUSSELL COBRA
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
92.8
DE-SU 1851
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
CO-OP BOSSIDE MASSEY
91.6
LEVEL-PLAIN GONZO DEMI
USA
CURRAJUGLE GONZO
RIDGE-STAR JAMMER
91.6
SANDY-VALLEY NU PRECIOUS
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
90.1
S-S-I GARROLD MORT 7923
USA
WELCOME GARROLD
RAMOS
90.1
STE ODILE MOON MODEL AMALUNA
CAN
PELLERAT MOON
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
90.1
DE-SU 1451
USA
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
89.9
DE-SU ECOYNE 2024
USA
ECOYNE ISY
RONELEE TOYSTORY DOMAIN
89.8
LOOKOUT PESCE PONDE KARLA
CAN
GENERVATIONS EPIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
89.5
MS MOVIESTAR SHAKER
USA
ROYLANE SOCRA ROBUST
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
89.5
MS DAYA DAIRY QUEEN
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
RONELEE TOYSTORY DOMAIN
89.0
STANTONS UNO EDDY
CAN
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
DE-SU OBSERVER
88.0
BLUE-HORIZON OSTYLE GEM
USA
BLUE-HORIZON OSTYLE GEM
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
87.8
OCONNORS LAST HOPE
CAN
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
87.4
LOOKOUT PESCE EPIC HUE
CAN
GENERVATIONS EPIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
87.3
DE-SU 1861
USA
VA-EARLY-DAWN SUDAN CRI
CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION
87.3
S-S-I MOGUL SUPER 7913
USA
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL
CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION
87.3
FUSTEAD MOGUL LILAC
USA
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL
SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON
87.2
DE-SU LARGE 2128
USA
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LARGE
DE-SU OBSERVER
86.6
SANDY-VALLEY HUNTER LUELLA
USA
COOKIECUTTER MOM HUNTER
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
86.3
DE-SU 363
USA
DE-SU OBSERVER
PICSTON SHOTTLE
86.1
OCD IOTA BANDANA
USA
REGANCREST ALTAIOTA
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
86.0
HFP LUCETTE
DEU
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
85.9
SERIC EPIC MAYANA
CAN
GENERVATIONS EPIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
85.6
MAPEL WOOD SUDAN LICORICE
CAN
VA-EARLY-DAWN SUDAN CRI
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
85.4
MS DREARY DELOREAN
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
END-ROAD PVF BOLIVER
85.2
WILLSBRO UNO PLAN EDDA
GBR
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET
85.1
LESPERRON UNO DAZZ
CAN
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
RONELEE TOYSTORY DOMAIN
85.0
T-SPRUCE UNO 7165
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION
85.0
DE-SU PARADISE 2204
USA
REGANCREST PARADISE
DE-SU 521 BOOKEM
84.9
BOLDI V S G SUPERSONIC ALYSSA
CAN
MISTY SPRINGS SUPERSONIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
84.7
EDG DESIRE UNO DELLIA
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD
84.6
T-GEN-AC UNO ROSANA
USA
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
BOSSIDE ALTAROSS
84.4
DE-SU 1918 KOOL
USA
HAMMER-CREEK ALTAKOOL
LAESCHWAY JET BOWSER
84.2
S-S-I MCC EDEN 8290
USA
DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174
PINE-TREE BRET MINOS
84.2
SKYREACH N O SANTA MARIA
CAN
AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO
DE-SU OBSERVER
83.9
DE-SU ECOYNE 1982
USA
ECOYNE ISY
RONELEE TOYSTORY DOMAIN
83.8
OCONNORS LIVING THE DREAM
CAN
GENERVATIONS EPIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
83.5
DE-SU LITHIUM 1960
USA
S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM
DE-SU OBSERVER
83.4
S-S-I MOGUL SALTS 8018
USA
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL
CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION
83.3
S-S-I MOGUL MAYHEM 7963
USA
MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL
RAMOS
83.2
BOMAZ ARMITAGE 5668
USA
RMW ARMITAGE
CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION
83.1
CO-OP SHMRK YOPLAIT 6605
USA
LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK
WA-DEL SEBASTIAN
82.9
CO-OP BLUMEN YANO 4156
USA
CO-OP UPD PLANET YANO
CO-OP TOYSTORY IRONIC
82.9
TAG-LANE 8383 YANO 6767
USA
CO-OP UPD PLANET YANO
REGANCREST-HHF MAC
82.8
KNS REALITY
DEU
GENERVATIONS EPIC
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN
82.5
Clearly the heifers in most demand, based on the prices paid, were polled or those with a gLPI over 3300. Six heifers with gLPI over 3300 sold for over $50,000 and three polled heifers sold for over the $50,000 mark. Red Pedigrees had a good average however when the top seller was removed their average dropped to $9391. Top sellers were:
Red Families – $195,000 Crasdale TRJ Supersire Aroma [Supersire from Apple Family] (Sale of Stars)
Polled – $200,000 Snowbiz Ladd P Sunshine [Supersire from Splendor Family] (SnowBiz)
gLPI over 3300 – $165,000 Coyne-Farms Pdestine May [Predistine with gTPI +2587 (#18), AI contracted] (Global Greatness)
$100,000 Cookiecutter JC Hawn [Jacey x Halo back to Dellia Family with gTPI +2564] (Global Greatness)
gLPI 3000-329 – $100,000 MS Chassity Snow Carrie [Snowman from Barbie Family] (SnowBiz)
1st Choice – $100,000 1st Choice by Camaro (DGV LPI 3310) or Satisfaction (DGV LPI 3428) from Da-So-Burn Burberry (Uno x Dorcy) gTPI 2648 (Global Greatness)
Breeders making mating decisions now with the view to selling heifers in the future can expect the market to remain strong for both polled and elite genomically tested heifers from proven cow families.
Unique Brings Top Dollars in Cows
With only 70 cows in total selling in the five sales the averages by grouping were not as broadly based as with the heifers. The groupings for gLPI where changed from the heifers as milking cow gLPIs are lower. The averages according to group are as follows
Table 2 – Analysis by Buying Motivator – Cows
Name
LPI
Milk
Fat
Prot
%F
%P
Conf
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET
3461
1808
95
94
0.26
0.28
12
DE-SU GILLESPY-ET
2754
2557
74
69
-0.18
-0.12
14
FREUREHAVEN NIAGARA
2665
2226
93
77
0.11
0.03
8
UFM-DUBS ALTAESQUIRE-ET
2645
1100
115
67
0.69
0.26
4
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET-ET
2625
2601
92
83
-0.01
-0.02
9
GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER
2511
1224
64
54
0.17
0.11
12
OCONNORS JAY
2510
1435
67
76
0.13
0.24
11
GEN-I-BEQ TOPSIDE
2472
1331
81
50
0.3
0.05
13
CRACKHOLM FEVER
2421
741
59
24
0.3
0
16
O-BEE MANFRED JUSTICE-ET
2392
1515
82
78
0.24
0.25
-2
LIRR DREW DEMPSEY
2323
356
45
34
0.31
0.2
16
CROCKETT-ACRES EIGHT-ET
2297
1366
73
78
0.21
0.28
0
CROCKETT-ACRES OTTO-ET
2282
1261
75
69
0.27
0.23
2
SILDAHL JETT AIR-ET
2269
1464
64
32
0.11
-0.14
13
MAINSTREAM MANIFOLD
2234
1720
83
70
0.18
0.12
2
UFM-DUBS OLEGANT-ET
2213
1464
44
49
-0.09
0.01
9
MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD
2169
530
56
25
0.35
0.07
17
SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET
2167
2049
73
58
-0.02
-0.07
10
GEN-I-BEQ ALTABUZZER
2148
1421
75
44
0.22
-0.02
8
DOMICOLE CHELIOS
2117
828
76
40
0.42
0.12
14
BUTOISE BAHAMAS
2106
1612
48
69
-0.1
0.13
7
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
2105
375
50
30
0.35
0.16
13
GILLETTE JORDAN
2068
1047
56
37
0.17
0.02
12
COMESTAR LAUTREC
2066
1347
76
50
0.24
0.05
10
WA-DEL HAYDEN-ET
2058
1493
69
49
0.13
0.01
7
KARONA FANTASY
2021
1927
55
64
-0.12
0.01
6
COMESTAR LAUTHORITY
2010
570
57
26
0.35
0.07
16
DEWGOOD BENEFIT
2001
808
41
48
0.12
0.19
8
MORSAN BORIS
1971
648
65
39
0.4
0.16
11
GILLETTE WINDBROOK
1947
879
60
38
0.26
0.07
15
VIORIS SLEEMAN
1939
2480
71
89
-0.17
0.06
6
WESSELCREST AIRBORNE-ET
1939
1584
31
47
-0.23
-0.04
9
GILLETTE WATCH OUT
1936
1287
92
44
0.41
0.02
5
MACO FRED
1934
1849
78
70
0.11
0.07
1
DIAMOND-OAK FROSTY-ET
1925
1499
68
56
0.12
0.06
1
DUDOC RADIUS
1918
1557
42
44
-0.14
-0.06
6
BO-IRISH ALTON-ET
1915
2222
71
77
-0.09
0.03
1
SMITHDEN ADMIRAL
1912
1024
76
42
0.36
0.08
7
BRYHILL LOYAL
1907
915
55
37
0.2
0.06
12
PINE-TREE MARTHA SHAMPOO-ET
1902
1027
77
50
0.36
0.14
3
PETHERTON ROX ITAK
1890
1177
48
51
0.05
0.11
6
KILOBYTE
1888
960
26
39
-0.08
0.07
12
PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET
1882
1255
49
36
0.03
-0.04
11
EXPRESS BOLLY
1869
864
55
40
0.22
0.1
8
GENO MARITIME
1867
1745
67
50
0.04
-0.06
8
ALLYNDALE-I ATTICUS
1867
64
40
18
0.37
0.15
15
DEMARC RANCH
1860
1534
45
55
-0.1
0.04
5
GILLETTE CANYON
1853
1173
48
50
0.06
0.1
10
CHASIN-RAINBOWS JADON-ET
1852
1427
47
51
-0.04
0.04
11
VELTHUIS SOLSTICE
1839
158
29
32
0.23
0.24
9
SILDAHL AIRRAID
1831
1676
81
40
0.18
-0.13
7
STANTONS ALTARIC-RED
1829
740
69
53
0.4
0.25
6
DUDOC MR BURNS
1818
1269
31
66
-0.13
0.21
8
REGANCREST REGINALD-ET
1813
480
43
31
0.25
0.14
14
ARDROSS STERLING
1812
1134
73
60
0.3
0.19
8
MOON-LINE CRANKY-ET
1812
775
101
46
0.69
0.18
2
REGANCREST-PJ MAXLIFE-ET
1803
491
70
37
0.49
0.19
10
JEWELED-ACRES SHARKY-ET
1790
2184
78
81
-0.03
0.08
-3
GINARY BRAD
1790
1757
44
47
-0.18
-0.09
8
DELABERGE DESPATIE
1790
1582
37
44
-0.17
-0.06
11
MORNINGVIEW HASKEL
1784
1726
77
57
0.13
0.01
5
JOLICAP CARRERA
1776
1266
45
45
0
0.04
10
COLDSPRINGS KENYON 9118-ET
1772
1333
65
44
0.15
0
6
RIDGE-STAR JAMMER-ET
1763
826
56
34
0.24
0.07
7
SMITHDEN AARON
1759
849
47
37
0.14
0.07
11
MORNINGVIEW ERAGON-ET
1754
1525
54
50
0
-0.01
6
CHARITY ALTAGRATIS-ET
1754
775
59
49
0.29
0.21
9
MICHERET INFRAROUGE
1754
742
32
29
0.05
0.04
8
GILLETTE STANLEYCUP
1743
623
66
21
0.41
0
13
GILLETTE WINDHAMMER
1743
623
66
21
0.41
0
13
HARTLINE FOWLER-ET
1739
1387
61
36
0.09
-0.08
7
MR MARVELOUS-ET
1732
1070
51
43
0.1
0.07
10
HARDWOOD BOSTON-ET
1721
434
41
38
0.24
0.2
8
DESLACS MCQUEEN
1718
1549
56
60
-0.01
0.07
4
REGEL BACHELOR
1709
867
46
37
0.15
0.08
9
FLEURY MATHYS
1709
504
52
37
0.31
0.19
5
WILLSONA SURE THING
1704
1313
52
58
0.03
0.13
1
MAPEL WOOD LAIRD
1699
1720
51
45
-0.13
-0.1
4
BDGGENETICS ENCINO-ET
1698
1440
56
55
0.04
0.07
2
GRANDEUR ALTATEBOW-ET
1697
1509
36
41
-0.17
-0.08
9
B-CREST SHADOW-ET
1694
689
32
34
0.06
0.11
14
CLEAR-ECHO DRISCOLL-ET
1694
727
72
30
0.42
0.07
5
SUNNYLODGE SHARK
1689
1076
57
61
0.17
0.23
7
KAMPS-HOLLOW CONVCD RSVP-ET
1681
1383
88
52
0.34
0.06
2
GEN-I-BEQ LAVAL
1663
2048
58
57
-0.14
-0.08
7
HONEYCREST ELEGANT-ET
1660
1685
48
46
-0.13
-0.08
7
ALTAPPEL GLENDOR
1657
1974
71
45
0.01
-0.16
4
BEAUCOISE CROONER
1653
1014
64
37
0.26
0.04
5
POLY-KOW ALLTOP-ET
1650
1815
46
49
-0.19
-0.09
7
JOSE
1642
920
82
30
0.46
0
2
EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER
1639
1999
68
40
-0.04
-0.22
7
JOBERT
1637
1150
52
52
0.09
0.12
6
R-E-W SEAVER-ET
1637
515
11
35
-0.07
0.17
14
STANTONS DUNDAS
1635
667
39
41
0.13
0.16
8
SUNNYLODGE STING
1633
448
55
25
0.36
0.09
10
PARADISE-D GILMORE-ET
1626
1742
50
50
-0.12
-0.06
7
BEAVER RAY MURAL
1622
371
49
19
0.33
0.06
8
DIAMOND-OAK BARTON-ET
1621
1420
59
47
0.07
0.01
1
GILLETTE WYCLIFF
1614
1152
62
41
0.2
0.03
7
COMESTAR LAVANGUARD
1614
661
54
25
0.28
0.03
14
LADYS-MANOR DODGE-ET
1611
364
59
36
0.43
0.22
6
STANTONS SUDIAL
1609
908
52
63
0.18
0.29
2
VELTHUIS S V B SAMPSON
1606
1391
43
51
-0.07
0.04
2
ALTA SAXON
1606
1511
76
38
0.2
-0.1
8
ERBCREST ROLO
1606
420
66
14
0.48
0
13
SANDY-VALLEY DEPUTY-ET
1605
906
24
36
-0.09
0.06
6
GILLETTE JUNGLE
1604
810
23
35
-0.05
0.07
12
GEN-I-BEQ BECKER
1604
882
62
34
0.29
0.05
8
APPLOUIS JET STREAM-ET
1599
1636
52
56
-0.07
0.02
2
WESSELCREST BAXTER ASHER
1598
201
43
20
0.36
0.12
10
DELABERGE SHOCKER
1592
1251
18
40
-0.26
-0.01
13
MAR-BIL BOLTON GUNFIRE-ET
1588
1699
53
42
-0.09
-0.12
7
PREMIER-G BLACKSMITH-ET
1585
1967
54
54
-0.15
-0.09
6
ALTA TAZO
1584
1133
38
22
-0.03
-0.13
9
UFM-DUBS GOLDROY-ET
1578
374
65
11
0.49
-0.01
11
VIDIA MISSILE
1577
576
53
43
0.3
0.21
8
LADYS-MANOR FALCONRY-ET
1575
1109
80
50
0.36
0.11
3
ALLYNDALE-I G W ARDEN
1575
24
25
20
0.23
0.18
16
DARITA MIDNIGHT-ET
1573
1644
38
56
-0.2
0.01
2
GLEN-TOCTIN AIR LANDING-ET
1572
1218
66
46
0.2
0.06
6
REGANCREST LONGTIME
1565
2244
28
60
-0.47
-0.12
11
CRACKHOLM FOCUS
1563
1127
42
54
0.01
0.14
4
LORKA LUNAIRE
1562
486
73
32
0.52
0.14
10
APPLEVUE SHOTBLOCK
1561
1073
47
45
0.07
0.08
7
COMESTAR LADNER
1554
282
44
15
0.32
0.05
11
LESPERRON MACLEOD
1551
1545
52
61
-0.04
0.08
4
KELSTEIN OLIVER
1549
2656
79
85
-0.16
-0.03
1
CLAYNOOK VIGGER
1549
467
45
38
0.27
0.21
4
CARTERS-CORNER ALLY-ET
1544
842
95
34
0.6
0.06
-5
FREUREHAVEN RITTER
1543
201
33
32
0.25
0.23
5
RALMA FILMSTAR
1541
1690
47
39
-0.15
-0.15
5
GREGORI SEQUOIA
1541
402
51
29
0.36
0.15
10
NOVA-HD ARDENT-ET
1537
1174
30
33
-0.11
-0.06
9
BROAD COVE HARBORMASTER-ET
1535
1010
32
39
-0.04
0.04
6
GEPAQUETTE F B ROSS
1533
212
59
29
0.49
0.19
7
LA PRESENTATION SWORD
1532
799
50
39
0.2
0.11
6
GOLD-N-OAKS M MACE
1528
166
54
33
0.47
0.25
4
DE-SU BURNISH-ET
1526
1453
77
35
0.21
-0.11
4
SHEAROAD BUZZ
1526
438
42
24
0.26
0.09
9
CANYON-BREEZE ALASKA-ET
1523
373
27
33
0.12
0.18
8
LADYS-MANOR GORGE-ET
1522
1026
45
47
0.08
0.11
7
CHARPENTIER MANITOU
1518
1014
36
49
-0.02
0.14
7
MORNINGVIEW-MT-I LAKEVIEW
1516
2591
67
83
-0.26
-0.03
1
LE-O-LA EMERSON CLASSIC-TW
1515
2006
22
56
-0.46
-0.08
5
GILLETTE WILDTHING
1514
1483
33
47
-0.19
-0.02
9
GILLETTE WILLROCK
1514
1483
33
47
-0.19
-0.02
9
KICK-IT-UP ACTIVIST-ET
1514
976
78
45
0.39
0.11
-3
KILDARE LAKOTA
1514
870
21
23
-0.09
-0.05
10
GLEN-TOCTIN LASHBAX-ET
1512
2016
32
56
-0.38
-0.08
5
MURANDA BWM LEADER-ET
1510
1437
59
36
0.06
-0.09
5
STANTONS STEADY
1508
417
65
22
0.47
0.07
11
RICECREST MURPHY-ET
1506
2060
60
65
-0.14
-0.01
-1
WALHOWDON HAILSTORM-ET
1506
589
52
34
0.28
0.13
2
RAMOS
1504
256
30
22
0.2
0.13
4
PEARTOME BULLSEYE
1501
401
81
38
0.64
0.23
3
SCIENTIFIC DESTRY-ET
1501
-157
12
18
0.18
0.22
11
GENERVATIONS BALANCE
1496
1671
65
46
0.05
-0.07
8
ERBCREST BOLTON MONTY
1492
1422
67
45
0.15
-0.02
4
STANTONS BUNDY
1491
955
68
56
0.3
0.22
1
BEAVER RAY GOLDMAX
1484
789
48
42
0.19
0.14
4
KLOVER-HILL JAVA-ET
1479
539
39
34
0.19
0.15
10
GLEN-VALLEY BW CAPTAIN-ET
1476
507
43
33
0.24
0.14
8
GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET
1475
666
68
19
0.41
-0.02
9
CO-OP LONDON COSMO-ET
1467
2061
11
60
-0.56
-0.07
0
SANDY-VALLEY FIREBACK-ET
1466
1455
30
60
-0.21
0.11
12
KELLERCREST LANGDON-ET
1466
1047
41
40
0.02
0.05
6
RALMA GOLDWYN COACH-ET
1461
440
18
20
0.02
0.05
13
CLOVERHILLFM LOFTY
1459
1438
39
42
-0.14
-0.05
9
BONTEMPS-I ASHTON
1451
2355
49
57
-0.33
-0.17
9
FAVREAUTIERE GAILURON
1448
968
31
45
-0.04
0.12
5
MORSAN OMANNY
1444
797
31
47
0.02
0.18
2
WALLACEVIEW PATTON
1443
1794
66
43
0.01
-0.14
4
GILLETTE JERRICK
1442
727
41
26
0.14
0.02
9
GENERVATIONS LOBO
1437
359
43
35
0.28
0.21
5
VISION-GEN DORION-ET
1436
1504
52
39
-0.02
-0.09
7
BO-IRISH KRUISER-ET
1436
-17
42
16
0.41
0.15
11
WALLACEVIEW ALADDIN
1435
1385
66
61
0.15
0.13
4
GILLETTE WALLACE
1434
1971
43
44
-0.26
-0.18
8
GILLETTE WHITEFACE
1434
1971
43
44
-0.26
-0.18
8
MISTY SPRINGS SIRIUS
1431
928
50
24
0.16
-0.06
10
BOSDALE PROMO
1430
1518
40
43
-0.14
-0.06
10
HARTLINE TREY-ET
1428
1514
30
44
-0.24
-0.06
6
END-ROAD PVF BOLIVER-ET
1424
1388
50
56
-0.01
0.09
2
STERNDALE LIQUEUR ET
1424
1392
45
42
-0.06
-0.03
10
FAR-O-LA DEVOTED-ET
1418
1211
55
54
0.1
0.12
3
MR BTR BOURNE-ET
1418
494
15
43
-0.03
0.24
6
MORNINGVIEW ASHLAR-ET
1415
775
42
27
0.13
0.01
6
WESSELCREST ALTAAIRSHOW-ET
1414
1443
30
36
-0.21
-0.1
6
COMESTAR LILLTRUST
1412
513
21
42
0.03
0.23
6
VELLHAVEN ALTAAPEX
1410
1004
25
28
-0.09
-0.04
9
CHARPENTIER NEWPORT
1406
1383
54
32
0.03
-0.12
6
PARADISE-DND SPARTA-ET
1406
843
41
29
0.09
0.01
6
GEN-I-BEQ SHOTGUN
1406
331
53
21
0.39
0.09
8
WEST PORT ARRON DOON MITEY P
1396
137
56
23
0.49
0.17
5
SCIENTIFIC SS DUSK-ET
1396
302
37
18
0.25
0.06
10
CLAYNOOK TRILIGHT
1395
1165
80
37
0.35
-0.01
4
CLEROLI ALTALATEX
1392
1604
71
42
0.12
-0.09
0
RUBIS LIFE SAVER
1390
983
59
22
0.23
-0.09
8
DIAMOND-OAK SPLENDOR-ET
1388
1160
52
38
0.09
0
8
LARS-ACRES ALTAFLAME-ET
1388
1311
52
36
0.04
-0.06
4
BREMER RULER-ET
1387
591
61
35
0.37
0.14
3
DRIFTY-HOLLOW MASTODON
1385
2397
44
55
-0.39
-0.2
3
COMESTAR LAUTHIERY
1385
1555
43
46
-0.11
-0.05
8
MR ELLISON
1384
1607
37
44
-0.19
-0.07
6
STANBRO PROGRAM
1383
1409
12
39
-0.36
-0.06
6
GOULDHAVEN HOTBLOOD
1377
1240
40
37
-0.04
-0.03
2
ROCKYMOUNTAIN LOCKMASTER
1377
1775
48
34
-0.15
-0.21
7
GOLDEN-OAKS ALTAJAXON-ET
1376
1579
55
77
-0.02
0.21
-4
MISTY SPRINGS BURMLEY
1373
726
41
43
0.14
0.17
5
SHADYCREST-H MEGATON-ET
1372
816
40
42
0.1
0.14
4
REGANCREST GOLD DORAL-ET
1371
329
40
19
0.26
0.07
7
MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET
1371
456
19
4
0.02
-0.1
18
BARNKAMPER ALTABENNIE
1367
1404
37
46
-0.14
0
8
ALTAPPEL ALTAGLOW
1365
255
41
39
0.31
0.27
7
BREEZE HILL COMPASS
1365
612
35
31
0.11
0.09
9
COMESTAR LEXACT
1363
914
35
42
0.02
0.11
3
POTH-ACRES GIBBY-ET
1362
1567
49
54
-0.08
0.02
6
CANYON-BREEZE ALLEGRO-ET
1361
1214
74
52
0.28
0.11
-2
VYECROFT VITTORIO
1361
992
51
44
0.14
0.1
5
GILLETTE JOB
1359
129
42
23
0.35
0.18
6
ALLYNDALE-I ATTIC
1354
-199
46
17
0.52
0.21
13
BOFRAN LEONARDO
1353
1231
45
39
0
-0.01
6
YROLGAULT LUCIUS
1353
1663
60
27
0.01
-0.24
9
DESLACS COLUMBO
1352
806
34
37
0.04
0.08
8
ACECROFT GOLDWYN ZULU ET
1349
859
35
23
0.04
-0.04
13
WALHOWDON MARSHALL HARRY-ET
1344
1644
29
56
-0.28
0.02
5
MEIER-MEADOWS MARS NILES-ET
1344
790
21
36
-0.07
0.08
5
PABST
1342
643
32
42
0.09
0.18
1
KERNDT-PREMIER BUTZE-ET
1342
1482
58
41
0.02
-0.07
9
RICECREST EMMETT-ET
1341
1524
41
71
-0.13
0.18
0
LARELEVE DAVIGNON
1339
1348
24
30
-0.22
-0.12
8
ERBCREST LYNDON
1338
525
64
28
0.42
0.1
7
GREENLANE SLOAN
1336
1711
39
49
-0.21
-0.06
0
GEN-I-BEQ CHARLESTON
1333
686
75
28
0.46
0.04
6
SONNEK AMBITIOUS-ET
1332
999
47
50
0.09
0.15
4
GEN-I-BEQ BOBBY
1330
684
31
27
0.06
0.05
7
ARCADIA PHASE ONE
1329
1146
58
42
0.14
0.03
3
DELABERGE LOGIC
1329
476
33
29
0.15
0.12
8
SANDY-VALLEY TIMING-ET
1326
830
8
48
-0.2
0.18
8
PETHERTON DHALMER
1326
162
64
19
0.58
0.13
5
MR MING-ET
1325
1066
32
36
-0.07
0.01
3
MORNINGVIEW LANDSLIDE-ET
1323
388
55
33
0.39
0.19
0
GEN-I-BEQ BALNEAIRE
1320
883
40
30
0.07
0
2
LUNCREST T-MAC-ET
1320
835
58
19
0.27
-0.07
5
REGAN-ALH DUNSTEN-ET
1319
757
32
48
0.03
0.2
2
GILLETTE LEWISTON
1319
1775
46
46
-0.18
-0.11
10
ALTA DELWYN
1319
302
12
19
0.02
0.08
10
ALVES
1313
1585
37
55
-0.19
0.02
-1
LANCELOT
1312
731
45
52
0.17
0.25
-1
MARBRI BREAKOUT
1311
712
43
27
0.16
0.03
5
PETHERTON ROTHBY
1308
1310
51
26
0.02
-0.15
7
KERNDTWAY HUMMER
1307
1113
39
38
-0.02
0.01
7
MONUMENT TRELY-ET
1307
1064
50
29
0.1
-0.06
7
JENNY-LOU MRSHL TOYSTORY-ET
1306
1205
39
38
-0.05
-0.02
5
PINE-TREE SID-ET
1306
531
30
18
0.1
0.01
16
JEFFREY-WAY TOPLEVEL-ET
1304
1093
23
35
-0.14
0
3
B-HIDDENHILLS MAR MARMAX-ET
1303
2557
45
72
-0.43
-0.1
-1
CROCKETT-ACRES ENVOY-ET
1303
499
16
34
-0.02
0.16
7
SHEAROAD BOULEVARD
1302
1243
69
39
0.22
-0.01
6
MY-JOHN ROB-ET
1300
2005
35
78
-0.34
0.09
2
SANDY-VALLEY BAILEY-ET
1299
1821
58
51
-0.07
-0.08
6
KERNDT STALLION
1299
458
64
20
0.45
0.04
7
HILLS-END SHOTTLE CHANCE-ET
1297
1577
13
37
-0.42
-0.12
6
SANDY-VALLEY BLISS-ET
1296
1828
23
43
-0.39
-0.14
8
O-BEE JURYMAN-ET
1295
1679
61
49
-0.01
-0.05
3
CHARPENTIER LFG SPECTRUM
1293
1014
21
22
-0.15
-0.1
13
OLMO PRELUDE TUGOLO
1293
-51
73
15
0.74
0.15
-2
GEPAQUETTE MESQUIN
1292
1931
47
58
-0.22
-0.05
3
HAMMINGVIEW STINGRAY
1289
1470
55
45
0.01
-0.03
8
CLAYNOOK MAP
1288
658
45
37
0.2
0.13
5
GEN-I-BEQ SEQUENCE
1285
511
48
34
0.29
0.16
4
ERNEST-ANTHONY AMBITION-ET
1283
52
57
18
0.52
0.15
11
SANDY-VALLEY DURRANT-ET
1281
1110
30
31
-0.1
-0.04
7
C.M.E. MR SAM TEDDY
1280
544
65
48
0.44
0.27
5
SANDY-VALLEY BAUER-ET
1280
1681
48
34
-0.12
-0.18
8
NEU-WAY ALBERT-ET
1279
600
48
49
0.24
0.25
-4
HENKES-BROOK THORNE-ET
1278
334
33
31
0.2
0.18
2
COMESTAR LOMBARDYS
1277
757
48
37
0.2
0.11
6
BOSSIDE PS PISTON-ET
1276
701
15
15
-0.11
-0.08
12
HA-HO CUBBY MANFRED-ET
1275
1816
50
54
-0.16
-0.04
-7
RIETBEN TIDE
1272
847
24
42
-0.06
0.12
5
RALINE LAKOTA
1271
-146
33
-5
0.38
0
13
VALLEY-DRIVE ZESTY-ET
1269
1281
36
55
-0.09
0.11
2
LORKA COGNAC RED
1269
532
31
28
0.11
0.1
9
PROSPERE VOLT
1268
469
86
21
0.66
0.06
7
BENNER JUDO
1267
1944
83
43
0.12
-0.18
4
VELVET-VIEW-KJ SOCRATES-ET
1263
1388
60
29
0.08
-0.14
3
KHW ELM-PARK ACME-ET
1263
-6
27
21
0.26
0.2
10
JEFFANA MURRAY-ET
1262
805
53
30
0.21
0.03
6
COMESTAR EL TOREADOR
1261
2034
46
40
-0.26
-0.23
10
DELABERGE LAURAK
1254
1134
23
47
-0.19
0.08
5
LA PRESENTATION DAMAFRO
1254
-90
44
38
0.47
0.38
3
STANTONS LUNCH
1254
979
22
34
-0.13
0.02
4
CALBRETT LEWIS
1252
468
0
24
-0.15
0.08
8
BRAEDALE GOLDFINGER
1249
618
44
37
0.19
0.15
6
MY-JOHN KARIK-ET
1248
904
38
40
0.04
0.09
1
GILLETTE WIZARD
1247
1502
38
36
-0.15
-0.11
6
VIEUXSAULE MASTERY
1247
780
26
34
-0.01
0.07
5
STANTONS VISION
1246
1458
49
39
-0.03
-0.08
5
CASTEL
1245
2047
44
53
-0.27
-0.13
3
SANDY-VALLEY TOYOTA-ET
1245
1506
40
42
-0.15
-0.06
0
ENGLAND-SCHILL DEANN 58A-ET
1243
679
17
19
-0.06
-0.03
9
LUTZ-BROOKVIEW BURT-ET
1242
91
64
41
0.59
0.35
2
GG ADDISON SATIRE
1241
1655
60
61
-0.01
0.06
1
TWO-TOP STREAMER-ET
1239
1183
26
34
-0.15
-0.04
7
HORSTYLE MAXWELL-ET
1238
2011
38
71
-0.31
0.03
5
NOR-BERT CAVENDISH-ET
1237
1567
47
51
-0.09
0
5
STRAUSSDALE SUNDANCE-ET
1236
1388
39
45
-0.11
-0.01
6
JERLAND DWIGHT-ET
1236
405
27
24
0.11
0.1
9
WARGO-ACRES MERCURE-ET
1236
722
41
18
0.14
-0.05
9
CLAYNOOK KELSO
1235
1474
39
52
-0.12
0.03
4
CREEK DORNE-ET
1234
1698
41
25
-0.18
-0.26
6
STANTONS SCHOLASTIC
1233
1814
46
62
-0.17
0.01
1
CLOVIS SALSO
1233
93
65
17
0.58
0.13
6
BOSSIDE GOLDENBOY
1230
481
37
18
0.18
0.02
6
SHAWNEE ALTASTRATOS-ET
1229
277
-6
14
-0.14
0.05
9
HUNSBERGER VINCE
1228
772
35
21
0.07
-0.04
9
LEHOUX FESTIVAL
1226
1934
27
42
-0.41
-0.19
7
GBM AMAZING-ET
1222
596
28
26
0.05
0.05
11
COLARO
1221
774
39
40
0.09
0.12
3
LA PRESENTATION DISCOUNT
1221
79
58
31
0.53
0.26
7
SANDY-VALLEY BLACKJACK-ET
1221
800
49
30
0.19
0.03
2
WILLSEY KESWICK
1220
176
29
16
0.22
0.09
11
DONELEA INSTINCT
1219
-34
60
23
0.59
0.22
7
DESLACS DUSTER
1219
517
40
7
0.22
-0.08
9
LA PRESENTATION BARLEY
1217
435
31
35
0.15
0.19
5
RAYPEL SUNSHINE
1217
543
31
31
0.13
0.12
5
PETHERTON RODNEY
1217
308
41
16
0.28
0.05
9
DELABERGE LURECK
1214
733
37
33
0.1
0.08
6
LA PRESENTATION GALANT
1213
793
39
34
0.09
0.07
3
BADGER ONESHOT-ET
1212
1680
25
52
-0.32
-0.02
1
STANTONS ENTER
1212
2067
20
50
-0.5
-0.15
3
WABASH-WAY ARBOR-ET
1211
1115
29
16
-0.12
-0.18
9
CROCKETT-ACRES-ML MALVIN-ET
1210
1040
44
42
0.05
0.07
2
DIAMOND-OAK T S RESTLESS-ET
1209
1188
28
44
-0.15
0.03
2
GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ
1209
1026
0
24
-0.34
-0.08
15
HUNSBERGER CLAY-ET
1207
1127
25
33
-0.16
-0.04
10
MR MODERN-ET
1207
872
29
27
-0.03
-0.01
7
WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PILOT-ET
1207
-260
30
9
0.39
0.17
8
MISTY SPRINGS SPECIAL
1206
1038
53
33
0.15
-0.01
7
RICHESSE SAP
1206
1510
64
33
0.07
-0.15
-2
MESLAND DUPLEX-ET
1203
639
-9
35
-0.31
0.13
16
CROAGH-I SCHILLING
1201
-390
20
14
0.34
0.25
14
MR SCOTTISH-ET
1200
592
61
37
0.37
0.15
2
SAVAGE-LEIGH GOLDLASER-ET
1200
114
46
6
0.41
0.03
8
GEN-I-BEQ SPARKLE RED
1199
848
35
30
0.06
0.03
7
STANHOPE ATLANTIC
1198
141
53
23
0.46
0.16
5
BENNER JAYDE
1198
896
51
19
0.17
-0.09
6
COMESTAR EXPORT
1197
185
46
17
0.37
0.1
2
RABUR POLITICIAN-ET
1195
-211
36
25
0.42
0.3
3
JEANLU CORTLAND
1193
504
9
27
-0.08
0.09
10
BRYHILL LIBERACE
1192
688
41
34
0.15
0.1
3
HICKORYMEA-I OKA P
1192
-15
47
19
0.46
0.18
10
COMESTAR SCENARIO
1190
441
36
7
0.19
-0.07
10
PASEN MANGO-ET
1187
981
29
65
-0.06
0.28
-3
STANTONS BRAKE
1187
1321
49
45
0.01
0.02
2
KARONA BONAIR
1186
549
19
28
-0.01
0.08
8
VYECROFT LUONGO
1184
935
49
53
0.15
0.2
7
SMITHDEN ACCENT
1184
981
44
43
0.08
0.09
6
GILLETTE WHY NOT
1184
1437
71
24
0.16
-0.2
8
KLASSIC MERRILL LYNCH-ET
1180
298
51
39
0.39
0.27
-4
GILLETTE BRILEA F B I
1180
1369
38
35
-0.11
-0.09
8
MISTY SPRINGS LIMELIGHT
1178
730
35
26
0.08
0.02
9
CROTEAU DOMBY
1177
709
41
35
0.14
0.11
2
SMITHDEN BUCKSTAR
1176
1615
6
35
-0.48
-0.16
6
MY-JOHN BW MARSHALL ACE-ET
1175
1075
27
41
-0.11
0.05
1
VELTHUIS SONAR
1174
183
21
28
0.13
0.19
9
VIEUXSAULE DRIVER
1172
373
42
16
0.27
0.03
9
JOCKO BESN
1170
1784
46
64
-0.18
0.05
-1
CLAYNOOK VICTORY
1170
565
41
38
0.19
0.17
1
DOMICOLE SAMSUNG
1169
1007
58
33
0.2
0.01
2
MARYCLERC B SUPERBUCK
1167
1297
29
31
-0.17
-0.11
7
MR INDIANHEAD ARISTOTLE-ET
1165
709
35
32
0.08
0.08
11
GILLETTE ZENON
1162
159
23
14
0.17
0.07
12
KERNDTWAY HIGHWAY-ET
1157
926
25
35
-0.07
0.04
5
DESLACS SPACE
1156
834
37
26
0.07
-0.01
3
WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PLAID-ET
1154
498
30
17
0.13
0.01
10
LA PRESENTATION MERLOT
1154
460
34
13
0.16
-0.02
10
RJR CLARITY-ET
1151
1632
60
35
0
-0.16
0
K&C-VIEW ROMANO-ET
1151
81
47
16
0.43
0.11
6
MR ALTAMAYHEM-ET
1145
20
39
38
0.38
0.35
9
R-E-W BUCKEYE-ET
1143
1419
33
37
-0.17
-0.08
3
TOM-ANNA ALTAPESO
1143
923
34
26
0
-0.04
6
SAVAGE-LEIGH LEITH-ET
1142
1363
21
37
-0.29
-0.07
8
LADYS-MANOR GIFT-ET
1142
1116
53
34
0.13
-0.03
4
MARINEAU TIKKY
1139
1238
27
34
-0.17
-0.07
11
PENNVIEW INNOCENT
1139
1048
67
26
0.28
-0.07
6
WINDSOR-MANOR ALTAZAP-ET
1138
824
50
11
0.18
-0.15
10
MORSAN NOLTON
1137
1376
55
25
0.05
-0.16
5
KERNDT EDAN-ET
1136
601
31
29
0.08
0.08
4
J-K-R BW-MARSHLL BILLION-ET
1134
994
10
44
-0.24
0.11
1
CLAYNOOK BRICE
1134
-328
33
16
0.45
0.25
8
MARGOLD PREVIEW-ET
1130
1176
63
39
0.18
0.01
7
R-E-W BLOCKBUSTER-ET
1128
1554
40
42
-0.15
-0.07
4
BRAEDALE GOLDRUSH
1126
1315
48
43
-0.01
0
5
REGANCREST-RB MILES-ET
1125
-3
53
5
0.52
0.05
5
STANTONS SVEN
1123
1353
45
55
-0.03
0.09
0
CRACKHOLM DESERT
1123
408
47
38
0.31
0.23
0
CLAYNOOK BAIT
1123
574
24
23
0.04
0.03
6
PLAIN-O DURHAM ROSS-331-ET
1121
-252
-12
9
-0.02
0.16
13
The only cow selling for over $100,000 was the show winning Sr 2 Year old Futurecrest Aftershock Tahlia (Aftershock x EX94 All-Canadian Goldwyn daughter). She sold for $150,000 and added $12,499 to the average sale price of her group. She is bred back for the 2014 show season which offers a great opportunity for her purchaser.
As a point of reference, registered purebred first calf heifers, not performance recorded, were selling in Ontario in the range of $1,800 to $2,400 during the time period of these five sales. Definitely performance recorded cows bring higher prices. As well their owners get the benefit of having information for both breeding and management purposes.
Same Time Last Year
Since sales a year ago during Royal Week, when The Bullvine reported on three elite sales (Read more: An Insider’s Guide to What Sells at the Big Dairy Cattle Auctions), there has been a significant drop back in sale prices. Some observations comparing 2013 prices to 2012 prices include:
Sale topping prices in 2013 are 50% of those in 2012
2013 sale average prices are about 65-70% of 2012
Show and Red pedigree heifers have lost ground in 2013 on prices compared to Polled and elite gLPI heifers
Average cow prices in 2013 were 136% of heifers prices compared to 190% in 2012
Throughout 2013 it has been reality check time when it comes to dairy cattle auction sale prices. More and more buyers are placing confidence in genomic information and are willing to pay top prices for the top genomic heifers.
Opportunities Taken
We often hear the comment from the pedigree person – now that was smart buying, after the auctioneer has struck down an animal at a lower than expected sale price. Opportunities are taken by breeders when a top of the breed animal is purchased with the plan to immediately start flushing, when an outcross but high indexing animal is purchased for a good prices or when a very high genomic heifer that is quite young or needs time to develop is knocked down to the buyer at a lower than expected price. Another scenario is when a young heifer is purchased that becomes a show winner the following year. But that last scenario is a very hard one to identify until the next show season is underway.
Some opportunities taken that the Bullvine saw during these sales include:
Dudoc Supersire Orgasme P (Born July 2013, Polled, RDC, DGV LPI +3225, gTPI 2329, PL 4.2, & DPR 0.7, Supersire x Magna P) [$15,200] (Genibeq)
Jumau Mascalese Anika (Born June 2013, DVG LPI +3558, CONF +15, %F +0.40, %P +0.18, SCS 2.57. Mascalese x Man-O-Man x Goldwyn) [$7,800] (Genibeq)
Quality Windhammer Tally (Born June 2013 Windhammer daughter of the Futurecrest Aftershock Tahlia, the $150,000 show cow) [$8,000] (Leading to Royal)
Snowbiz Sympatico Sade (Born July 2013, GTPI 2417, NM$ 809, PL 6.2, DPR 1.2, DGV LPI 3392, CONF 15, a Sympatico from the Splendor Family) [$7,000] (Snowbiz)
Legend-Maker Mag Magnificent P (Born March 2011, #1 R&W tested polled cow in Canada, Outcross Polled Pedigree, Magna P from Rita Ranger Family) [$5,100] ( Snowbiz)
1st Choice Female Mardi Gras, gTPI 2505 & NM$ 803, from Butlerview Uno Sho-Off, gTPI 2472, from Adeen Family) [$9,000] (Global Greatness)
MS Brocarde Uno Bun (Born October 2012, gTPI 2320, NM$ 719, PL 5.0 DPR 1.0. Uno from Barbie Family) [$4,200] (Sale of Stars)
Knonaudale Munition Humor (Born July 2013, DGV LPI 3424, CONF 18, LP 4.1, DPR 1.0, Munition from Shthollerwood from Dellia Family) [$6,000] (Sale of Stars)
Every sale has bargains but, of course, it is only a bargain if the animal fits within a breeder’s breeding or marketing plans (Read more: What’s the plan?, Let’s Talk Mating Strategies and FACT VS. FANTASY: A Realistic Approach to Sire Selection). A sound knowledge of breeding trends and taking time to do one’s homework before attending a sale or signing in to bid on-line are both on the must do list.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
If marketing animals from your herd is an important source of income for your farm, then knowing what buyers are looking for and what they will pay above average prices for is important. The industry has moved to where young high genomic and/or polled heifers are the in demand group. When planning for future sales take into consideration that health, fertility and longevity traits are gaining in importance. Planning for the future based on sound principles and buyer preference can be rewarding when it comes to selling animals at auction.
If you haven’t worked in a trade show booth or attended a cattle show recently, you could very well be missing important genetic improvement discussions. Discussion about which traits breeders feel are at an acceptable level and which ones need to be improved. I suspect that few of you have worked a trade show booth but I can tell you, from front line experience, that bottom line focused breeders are not shy about saying that today’s dairy cattle are not functional enough, don’t get pregnant easily (may conceive but not retain) and require too much worker time. Contrast that with the spectators at shows that talk about their ideal cow being tall, lean, tight uddered, deep ribbed and wide rumped. Often front and center in all the discussions is which total merit index to use. Is it TPI, JPI, NM$, LPI, RZG, BW, TMI, NVI or another? Is any one total merit index capable of meeting the needs of all breeders?
Who is #1?
Every breeder or owner wants to have the #1 cow or bull. And back twenty to thirty years ago many bull owners bragged about having the #1. All-be-it they had the number one for Milk, Fat %, Fat Yield, Type or whatever. For the average breeder it was very confusing. Which should they think was the #1 bull? In order to assist breeders, breed societies and genetic evaluation centers started publishing total merit indexes for bulls. Those indexes combined the production and type genetic indexes. It was reasoned that having a ranking system that combined all the traits was much superior to single trait marketing and selection.
Index Achievements & Short Falls
Recently CDN published the following genetic trends for Canadian Holsteins and Jerseys.
The average increase in LPI for both breeds is 65 LPI points per year. Undoubtedly this annual gain is more than would have been achieved without having the LPI to use for sorting animals. These gains are based on increases in both production and durability (conformation). But note that no gains have been made for health and fertility (H&F) in the past fifteen years.
Index Worship – Gone Too Far?
Having only one number to remember on an animal can be good but there can also be drawbacks to using only one number. These limitations include:
Everyone talks about the top ten TPI sires but in fact between #1 (Massey) and #20 (Goose) there are only 122 points. That is almost like getting 99% compare to 95% on a test. Not much difference. So drill down and know the facts. Indexes for these twenty bulls range from 42 to 93 lbs for fat yield and from 0.98 to 3.42 for Udder Composite.
Mating a high TPI bull to a high TPI cow without regard to where the bull and cow are strong or weak can lead to disaster.
Buying only on the TPI, even though the pedigree person announces that “this heifer is #1”, does not guarantee that you are buying the best animal for the traits important to you.
In fact we could very well have reached the point where we are limiting the advancement we will make in our herds because we do not look at all the genetic indexes for an animal. Instead of using TPI to sort out the top animals and then studying the strengths and limitations of an animal, we only consider the TPI. If you wonder about that The Bullvine suggests that you study the top TPI heifers looking at both their TPI and fertility (DPR) indexes. You will find many top heifers that have a negative DPR index. Is not reproduction the #1 reason cows are culled?
Which Index for You?
The key word in this title is YOU. What business are you in – the business of breeding and marketing of breeding stock or the business of milk production? After you make that important first decision, you are in a position to decide on which total merit index you should use.
It is important to think in terms of what you want your herd to be genetically in the future when selecting a total merit index to use. Traits beyond production and type are becoming more important to breeders. The following ICAR published table shows the relative trait emphasis for seven leading total merit indexes and the average for all total merit indexes from seventeen countries.
Relative Trait Emphasis in Total Merit Indexes*
RANK
NAME
# OF DAUGHTERS
PTAT
Udder Comp
F&L Comp
Body Comp
Dairy Comp
Stature
1
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN
55
3.03
2.59
2.56
1.93
2.03
3.1
2
REGANCREST ELTON DURHAM-ET
21
2.47
2.31
2.13
1.7
1.98
2.13
3
KHW KITE ADVENT-RED-ET
19
2.53
2.24
1.6
2.04
1.65
2.41
4
REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET
18
2.06
2.18
0.75
1.29
1.55
1.18
5
GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ
14
3.07
2.17
2.44
3.34
2.83
3.91
6
WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET
11
2.89
1.94
0.73
2.56
2.52
3.22
7
ERBACRES DAMION
8
3.2
2.22
3.17
2.83
2.72
2.76
7
MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD-ET
8
4.16
3.41
3.46
3.44
2.97
4.31
9
PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET
6
2.66
1.97
1.79
2.42
2.3
2.71
9
ROYLANE JORDAN-ET
6
2.07
1.94
0.32
1.53
2.06
1.93
* Reported by J Chesnais & Associates at 2012 ICAR Meeting (Ireland)
As you develop your breeding and business plans for the future, the following points may be useful to consider:
If you do not sell animals for breeding purposes, having type at a high weighting in your total index may not be your best business decision. NM$ may be a better index for you.
In ten years will you be a breeder or a milk producer? Choose either the breeder index (i.e. TPI or LPI) or the milk producer index (i.e. NM$).
If you do not show cattle or sell cattle to showmen, then PL (Productive Life) or HL (Herd Life) rather than PTAT or CONF should be an important part of your total merit index.
Including and giving significant weighting to traits such as fertility, longevity, calving ability, milking speed and mastitis resistance in the total merit indexes will be the way of the future for breeders focused on milk production.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Total merit indexes are designed to rank animals according a set formula. After sorting out the top bulls on a total merit basis, breeders should use corrective mating to match the bulls with the cows in their herd. Not using genetic indexes denies you the opportunity to make significant advancements both genetically and from a profit perspective. Are total merit indexes helping or hurting breeders? It depends on knowing your genetic needs and using the index that focuses attention on your most important traits. No total merit index will best serve all breeders. Use the index that suits your plans (Read more:Fact vs. Fantasy: A Realistic Approach to Sire Selection, What’s the plan? and Genomics at Work – August 2013)
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
Like many Bullvine readers I grew up on a small dairy farm, took part in 4H clubs and fell in love with a breed of cows. I attended college and studied animal agriculture. I graduated during the Green Revolution, not green like we know it today, but green in the fact that the developed countries felt that they could ramp up production and feed the world without the need for developing countries to produce their own food. And since that time animal agriculture has focused on animals producing more and more. Well the truth is that both of these models where animals produce more and more and where only developed countries need to produce food are broken. We ignored factors such as a country needing a strong agricultural base to be successful and more and more milk per cow leading to poor and poorer reproduction rates. Furthermore the idea that the majority of the world’s population growth would occur in the developing nations never even crossed our radar screens back then. How could we have been so wrong in our thinking? Are we thinking any clearer in 2013, when it comes to dairy feeding people in the years ahead?
Today’s Dairy World
Few of us are aware that India is the country that has the most cows (48 million) kept for milk production purposes. The production of India’s cows is low (1,200 lbs per year) but through improved husbandry there is great potential. China’s rapid growth as an importer of dry milk powders (whole and skimmed) is predicted to grow in 2013 by 12% and 18%. The USA in 2013 is exporting the equivalent of 15% of its annual production where just a few years ago it was thought that USA milk prices were too high for significant exportation to take place. USA cheese exports in 2013 will be double the exports in 2008 and that will make it the largest single exporting country for cheese. Cheese is the darling child of milk products when it comes to exports and EU countries which export almost half of the cheese globally are looking for new customers. To say the least, the world is hungry for dairy products. The demand for dairy is expected to increase at a rate faster than the world’s population growth. (Read more: “Got Milk” is becoming “Got More” and MILK MARKETING: How “Got Milk?” BECAME “Got Lost”)
Tomorrow’s World
We have all seen the prediction that there will be 9 billion people by 2050. That is a 25% increase. If dairy is to fill more of the average global diet the world will need 30 to 35% more milk to be produced in 2050 than there is produced today. The rapidly expanding middle classes in China and India will consume more milk products as will consumers in Africa, SE Asia and Russia. At the processing industry level, expect new products (including low lactose and ingredient enriched milk products) and more uses for milk. At the farm level the rate of applying technology will be at an ever increasing rate. But the dairy industry does not exist on a vacuum.
Feeding the growing world population, the application of technology, the elimination of duplication and waste and the best use of all resources will be on every country’s agenda. Are these issues too big or too far away? We lose if dairy is replaced in the diet. All things dairy lose if we think too small, only nationally or only about self preservation. All dairy agendas are inter-related.
Tear Down the Silos. Ramp Up the Herd.
It is paradigm shift time. The big picture question is how can more milk be efficiently produced to feed a hungry world?
Are farmers, their organizations, their service providers, the milk processors and the global traders thinking in terms of mutual (collective) benefit or individual benefit? The survivors will be in supply chains that can provide a quality product at a price that consumers are willing to pay. Quality is the watchword. For those that are not prepared to work with others it will not be Who Moved My Cheese but who replaced my cheese with their product.
What will that look like? At the farm level the list of changes needed will be extensive but in the immediate future it is likely to include larger herds to take advantage of technology, information and critical mass. At the industry level our organization leaders will need to dismantle and re-create new organizations and structures to provide the best and most relevant services dairy farmers will need. If you are looking for an example read the announcement in the Bullvine last week to merge Dairylea Cooperative Inc. and the Dairy Farmers of America in the USA (Rad more: Dairylea announces proposed merger with DFA).
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Everyone in the dairy world will need to think collectively and globally. The rewards will go to those that can adapt, adopt and act. Cattle breeders in just ten years will be using technology and information that is hardly on the researcher’s bench just now. If you are looking for an example we need only to remember back five years to 2008 when we asked each other how to pronounce genomics. Today it is an important tool in breeding dairy cattle for the future. Will you and your farm be part of dairy’s future or part of its history?
In the heat of an auction buyers need to be well aware of the genetic merit of the animal they are bidding on. Sales managers make every effort to make sure that the numbers in the sales catalogues are accurate and complete, however there is frequently added information that potential buyers did not have when they closely reviewed the catalogue before the sale. Additionally at times buyers may not be aware if the animal in the sales ring is of elite genetic merit.
In an attempt to give buyers interested in purchasing an elite young female to add to their breeding or marketing program from future sales this fall, the Bullvine has analyzed the heifers born and registered in the herd books in North America from March 2012 to August 2013. This group of females was chosen as they are likely to be the ages of heifers that will go through sales auctions over the next two months. The information from the CDN files was used as it is the animal information that is available free of charge.
Breed Toppers
Buyers are advised to have at their fingertips the total merit indexes for the very best animals so that they can value an animal that they are considering buying. The following table lists the averages for the top twenty-five heifers.
Figure 1.0 Top Twenty-Five North American Heifers (Born March 2012 to August 2013)
RANK
NAME
# OF DAUGHTERS
1
ATWOOD X DUNDEE
6
1
SANCHEZ X GOLDWYN
6
3
FEVER X DURHAM
5
3
GOLDWYN X DUNDEE
5
5
GOLDWYN X ASPEN
4
5
GOLDWYN X DAMION
4
5
PICOLO X ADVENT
4
8
BRAXTON X GOLDWYN
3
8
CONTENDER X ADVENT
3
8
DUNDEE X GOLDWYN
3
8
JASPER X GOLDWYN
3
8
SANCHEZ X DUNDEE
3
8
SPIRTE X ALLEGIANCE
3
Some points worthy of note from this table are: i) do not compare the Holstein and Jersey LPI values as the formulae differ; ii) the top 25 Holstein heifers are a very elite group with the DGV LPIs exceeding the gLPIs by 161 points; iii) Red Carrier Holsteins heifers have made considerable improvement in the last couple of years by the use of top BW sires on RC or Red females; iv) Polled Holsteins heifers have and are likely to continue to make rapid advancement again by the use of top horned BW sires on polled females; and v) the values listed for the Red Holstein heifers are parent averages as only two of the top twenty five heifers were genomically tested.
Use these benchmarks as you review the sales catalogues either on-line or using a hard copy of the catalogue.
Top Values
Often buyers wish to know benchmark numbers beyond the LPI value. The average index for the top five heifers for each trait in each animal category are as follows:
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Remember these are the averages for the very best five animals in the various categories.
Sires of the Heifers
Buyers often want to know the sires of the top heifers. Knowing the sires of the top twenty-five heifers gives an indication of who the competition will be when you are marketing in the future from your purchases.
Sires with more that two daughters in the various categories are listed below. Each category has twenty five heifers. The bracketed number is the number of daughters the sire has on the list.
Holstein
Seagull-Bay Supersire (8)
De-Su BKM McCutchen (5)
RC Holstein
De-Su BKM McCutchen (6)
Seagull-Bay Supersire (5)
Mountfield SSI Dorcy Mogul (4)
Polled Holstein
Sea-Gull Bay Supersire (9)
Da-So-Burn MOM Earnhardt P (5)
Red Holstein
Dymentholm S Sympatico (8)
Curr-Vale Destined (5)
Tiger-Lily Ladd P-Red (5)
Jersey
Sunset Canyon Dimension (5)
All Lynns Valentino Marvel (4)
Health & Fertility
In the Holstein breed many breeders are starting to place increased emphasis on the Health and Fertility rating that CDN assigns animals. The value assigned can be found by looking up the animal on the CDN website. Factors used in calculating the H&F index include: Herd Life; SCS; Daughter Fertility; Milking Speed; and some other correlated traits.
The top five Holstein heifers in the various categories had average DGV Health and Fertility ratings as follows: Holstein 465; RC Holstein 413; Polled Holstein 423. Clearly an animal over 375 to 400 for H&F is at the top of the breed. An H%F value is not available for Red Holstein as so few of them are genomically tested.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
It is important to know the genetic superiority of an animal when purchasing or using them in your breeding or marketing program. It is the Bullvine’s hope that the above statistics will assist. Wise investment should give you a leg up on moving your herd forward.
Throughout my education and my career in livestock improvement I have heard learned people say ‘the fields of nutrition, reproduction, management and genetics are independent of each other’. As recently as last week I had a nutritionist tell me that what geneticists do is secondary to what a nutritionist can do when it comes to on-farm profit. Well today I wish to challenge that theory of no inter-relationships.
Although I do not want to get into a back-and-forth between genetics and other disciplines, the purpose for this article is to challenge our thinking and see if there are in fact ways that genetics can be complimentary to nutrition, reproduction and management. It takes all disciplines working collaboratively to enhance on-farm profits thereby providing consumers with the dairy products they wish to consume.
If a stranger walked into your facilities and told you that you are wasting 20% of the feedstuffs you produce or that 20% of your daily labor could be eliminated would you throw them off the farm? Or would you stop and listen and consider taking action? If that stranger was your genetic supplier would you continue to consider their advice or would you scoff at them saying that “the genetics you use can not reduce your costs or increase your revenue”.
The following are areas that have a genetic component to them that deserve consideration:
Reproduction
Heifers not calving before 24 months or cows with an extra month or two in the dry pens each lactation take feed and labor at the rate of $2 to $4 (avg $3) per day. A heifer that does not calve until 27 months and takes an extra 45 days per lactation in the dry pen has costs an unnecessary $675 by the time she starts her fourth lactation at 69 months of age. By that time that heifer should be half way thru her fourth lactation. She not only costs an extra $675 but has lost $3000 in milk and progeny revenue by 69 months of age. The dollars lost add up quickly.
Genetically consider using only sires that are well above average for DPR +1.0 / DF 105, cull heifers and cows with below average fertility ratings either their genetic rating or actual performance, and do not use bulls or retain females that are below 100 for Body Conditioning Score.If you are buying embryos or replacement females be sure to look at the genetic fertility ratings. Making excuses for buying below average animals or embryos is false economy. Another factor that is not a genetic rating, but has a direct bearing on reproduction is Sire Conception Rating. Remember that for each 21 days (one cycle) a female is open it costs $63 and that does not consider increased semen and insemination costs.
Productive Life / Herd Life
Improving just one year of herd life, from a herd average of three to four lactations, can markedly improve the revenue a cow will generate in her lifetime. An extra 26,000 pound or 12,000 kgs per cow per lifetime also reduces the number of heifers that need to be raised or purchased. In a 300 milking cow herd the total of added revenue and reduced heifer costs can be as much as $300 net per cow per year. As heifer rearing is no longer a major profit centre, like it once was, why incur the feed and labor costs of extra heifers?
Using sires that are at least PL +4.5 or HL 110 is strongly recommended. Females should not be retained for breeding or replacement or purchased as embryos where the cow family members do not make it to third lactation.
Production
The volume of fat and protein produced by each cow each day is a key factor for revenue generation (Read more: Is too much water milking your profits? and 5 things you must consider when breeding for milk production). When that can be done with a lesser volume of water it means less strain on the cow and less water to transport to the milk processor. High output of components means fewer cows needing to be fed and milked to produce a given quantity of fat and protein. If daily yields are only moderate then feed is wasted feeding too many cows. At the processor more concentrated milk means less water needs to be removed and disposed of. It is a win–win for both the producer and the processor.
To achieve high fat plus protein yields requires that the sires used need to be ranked high genetically for total solids yield. In sire proofs that equates to bulls with 90 kgs fat + protein in Canada and 75 lbs in the USA. Cows should be culled for low total fat + protein yields per day not on volume of milk produced. When purchasing embryos make sure that the genetic merit for fat + protein yield is high.
Udder Health
On a continual basis the requirement for the maximum number of somatic cells in milk is lowered. It is estimated that each case of mastitis costs at least $300 in lost production and drugs. Add to that the extra labor required and the total cost, to all dairy farmers, associated with mastitis is huge. Sometimes we forgive cows and bulls with poor SCS rating because they have a high rating for a single other trait. That is false economy when you factor in the cost of feed, labour and lost milk revenue. We need to be paying more attention to milk quality in the future than we have in the past.
Animals above 3.00 for SCS should not be used in your breeding program. Better still would be to aim for using bulls that are 2.80 and lower for SCS. Of note is the fact that as of December 2013 CDN will be producing sire indexes for Mastitis Resistance (Read more: Official Genetic Evaluation for Mastitis Resistance).
Calving Ease
Producers have placed emphasis on calving ease over the past decade. It is now at the point where concern relative to calving difficulty is only mentioned for first calving heifers. Labor is saved with unassisted calvings. As well the dam and calf both get off to better starts. Less drug usage and quicker breeding back of the dam add up to major dollars saved no matter what the herd size.
Bulls receive indexes for both the ease with which their calves are born and for the ease with which their daughters give birth. It is advised to not use bulls that are rated below average for both direct and maternal calving ease.
Other Factors
Feet and Legs: Cows without mobility problems save on labor, lost feed and lost revenue. Use sires that are average or above average for both heel depth and rear legs rear view. Calves and heifers with feet and leg problems seldom get better with age. (Read more: Cow Mobility: One Step Forward or Two Steps Back?)
Feed Conversion: In all livestock there are genetic differences in the ability to convert feed to end product. As yet we do not know those genetic differences in dairy cattle but we will know them in time. (Read more: Feed Efficiency: The Money Saver and 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows) In is a fact that big cows, producing similar volumes to a medium sized cow, can not be as efficient as they must eat feed to maintain their larger body mass. Some (New Zealand, Ireland, NMS formula,…) already have a negative weighting for body size in their total index formula In the future breeders need to be prepared to select for feed efficiency and likely re-think the ideal cow size. Stay tuned. Research is already underway on feed conversion in dairy cattle.
Milking Speed: Slow milking cows were once tolerated in tie stall barns even though they required more labor. Now with parlour, rotary and even robotic systems, cows that slow down the parlour process or that mean fewer cows per robot are not tolerated. Sire indexes for milking speed are available on all bulls in Canada and are often available from bull studs in other countries. Avoid using bulls that leave slow milkers.
Polled: Labor required and animal set backs after dehorning are negatives at the farm level. For consumers animal treatment/care is often a concern that may affect milk product consumption. Polled is not just trendy it will be the norm in the future. (Read more: Why Is Everyone So Horny For Polled?, From the Sidelines to the Headlines, Polled is Going Mainline! and Polled Genetics: Way of the Future or Passing Fad?), Genetic tests are now available that accurate identify animals as homozygous or heterozygous for polled. With each passing month the genetic merit for top polled animals for total merit (TPI, LPI NM$,..) is increasing. Producers need to decide when they will start to breed for polled.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Every discipline is important to improving on-farm profits. Research at CDN showed that improved genetics accounted for, at least, 40% of the increase in on-farm profitability. Genetics can help reduce the two biggest on-farm cost – feed and labor. As well it can help drive up revenue per cow. Conclusion: Genetics can save on feed and labor costs. And Genetics can help generate more profit.
No matter how you slice it, dairy history was made in Madison Wisconsin last weekend. Many of the cattle who paraded around that showcase ring have long resumes of wins behind them. KHW Regiment Apple-Red is no different. In 2006 she was the unanimous All-American Jr 2 year old. In 2010 she was the World Champion R&W Cow (Holstein International). In 2011 she was the unanimous All-American R&W Aged Cow. But on October 5th 2013, at the appropriately themed Centre of the Dairy Universe, Apple-Red made an entry in the history books that will be hard for her peers to top! (For complete Red and White Show Results)
KHW Regiment Apple 3-Red-ETN Grand Champion International Red & White Show 2013 Reserve Supreme Champion World Dairy Expo 2013 Clone to Apple
KHW Regiment Apple-Red Reserve Grand Champion World Dairy Expo 2013
MS Candy Apple-Red-ET Honorable Mention Grand Champion International Red & White Show 2013 Daughter of Apple-Red
Side by side – three Apples — had their shining moment in the spotlight at World Dairy Expo 2013 and set new benchmarks at the top of the ladder of show ring success. Never before was the red carpet so gloriously Red and dominated by a single family! While the crowd roared their approval of the final placings assigned by Judge Michael Heath, the record books took note that for the first time ever one special cow not only earned Reserve Grand Champion but was flanked on each side by the Grand Champion, her clone, and, on the other side by her daughter, the Honorable Mention Grand Champion. From every angle it was a sight to see. These three cows are almost identical! They are tall, angular, cherry red and with outstanding rear udders. It is almost impossible to tell them apart. Of course, this apple picking would not be complete without recognizing that Apple-Red’s brother, Advent-Red was Premier Sire of the Red and White Show. To top it all off Apple 3 went on to be named the Reserve Supreme Champion at WDE 2013! You will need a bunch of hampers for the awards, if you choose Reds for your dairy breeding bucket list. Is it any wonder that, for the crowd that witnessed these moments live, that lineup of three will be the stuff of expo-show-and-tell for years to come?
Apple Hits The Bucket of Wins List
It was over seven years ago that Mike Deaver, Edgerton, Wisconsin, picked a cherry red apple to bring to the show ring. The momentum has been building ever since. In truth the exceptional characteristics of the family had started well before Mike saw the Apple of his eye. Apple-Red is backed by no less than six direct dams that are Excellent, all with Multiple E’s. Her sire is Carrousel Regiment-Red-ET a plus proven Rubens son out of the very popular Stelbro Renita Ranger EX94 8*.
KHW Regiment Apple-3-Red-ETN is owned by Westcoast Holsteins of Chilliwack, BC. Reserve Grand Champion Apple-Red-ET is owned and exhibited by Apple Partners of Edgerton, Wisconsin. Honorable Mention Grand MS Candy Apple-Red-ET was shown by Frank and Carol Borba and Frank and Diane Borba of California. They went home with full baskets thanks to the prizes earned by their Apples.
It was also a thrilling show for spectators to watch, as Judge Michael Heath of Westminster, Md., and Associate Judge Mike Berry of Albany, Ore., placed a total of 250 Red and White Holsteins in the rank and file behind these top three. “The quality is visible from one end of the line to the other!” was an oft repeated declaration from an enthusiastic Michael Heath.
Apple Fills the Pail As Well
Often when we hear about show cows, we see that they excel for type but seldom do we see a cow that shows, flushes and then also produces almost 72,000 kgs of milk in four lactations and that milk is 4.8%F and 3.8%P. This is exactly what Apple-Red-ET does. These high component tests not only go far back in Apple’s pedigree but her daughters also are carrying on that tradition. Her show winning daughter Candy has produced 50,000 lbs of milk, 4.5%F & 3.8% P in her first two lactations. Apple herself has an outstanding +0.96%F (MACE CDN).
Apple Has a Taste for Genomics Too
As you might expect Apple has been flushed to many great sires. Her top genomic tested daughter is MS Apples Uno Armana DGV LPI +3276 (+0.53%F, +0.29%P, +18 CONF, Herd Life119 & Daughter Fertility 107) and her top genomically tested son is MR Apples Armani (Goldwyn) DGV LPI +2975 (+0.89%F, +0.39%P % +15 CONF). Uno has been a great mate for Apple with seven of her top ten genomically tested daughters sired by him. However the story is not complete. Apple has many young progeny that have yet to have their genomic numbers published.
Apple Also Shines Around the World
Since red color is popular throughout the dairy world, we can likely expect to see Apple’s influence expand exponentially as her genomically tested sons get purchased by AI and get used. The polish on this Apple family is likely just beginning. For example, in Australia Bluechip Holsteins and their partners have had sale topping Apple daughters and granddaughters. (Read more: Dean and Dianna Malcolm: Gobsmacked in Australia and Dean and Dianna Malcolm: Forward in Five Gears!) Dean Malcolm of Bluechip provides his perspective “She‘s not just red, she’s cherry red. She’s out of a Durham, she transmits rear udders, she’s from an amazing family and she has the numbers.” Dean goes on “Everyone who bought into the Apple family is enjoying the ride because their owners / managers, in the USA, are doing such a super job. It’s proof that if you buy good families from good cow men who continue to market, a lot of the work is already done for everyone”.
Francisco Rodriguez of Colganados in Columbia/USA reports how emotional his parents where when they watched Apple-Red’s accomplishments at Expo. They could not believe they have genetics from this great cow. Rodriguez own another clone to Apple, KHW Regiment Apple A1-Red-ETN (Read more: Francisco Rodriguez: Passion with a Purpose). They also own Apple’s daughter by Redburst Miss Apple Snapple-RED (Owned with Erbsen, IL and Muriel) who placed 5th in the Spring Heifer Class.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Many people are putting the genes of this cherry red Apple into their herds and for good reason. The Apples are appealing to the eye, have productivity in the milk pail and are mothers of progeny with great potential. The Apple family are an investor’s dream – already proving that they are capable of bushels of success.
While attending a local monthly dairy cow sale this week I was approached by a young dairyman who said to me You need to write (in the Bullvine) about our dairy cows getting too tall and too narrow. This dairyman in explaining his position, that today’s cows are too extreme in stature and width, shared with me that he sees all the cows going through this monthly sale as he helps receive, pen, number and milk the cows as they are received the morning of the sale or a day or two previous to the sale. As I drove home from the sale I pondered his question.
My first recollection of thinking about the width of cows goes back to my 4H training. My three dedicated 4H leaders were three very different people. One was an educator, one a very successful farmer-milk producer and one a prominent show judge who had judged national shows in a number of breeds. The educator did not care about what a cow looked like, but did care about preparing me for life. The milk producer wanted his cows to be good converts of his high quality feed into large volumes of 4% fat milk. And the show judge wanted Holstein cows to be taller but was satisfied with the stature of the cows in the other dairy breeds. Each leader helped me in different ways and I think back now to the trend, that started half a century ago, to taller and taller Holsteins. That trend may not have had much science associated with it.
As I drove on Tuesday, my mind fast forwarded to my early days in managing Holstein Canada’s Type Classification program. (Read more: Murray Hunt: Perspective from Both Sides of the Fence) There was a requirement that a cow had to be 56 inches tall to be eligible for Excellent. By the way she also had to have calved at least three times and have an Excellent mammary system. Annually the classifiers and breeder advisory board meet and the first meeting I attended of that group discussed why Excellent cows needed to be 56 inches (140 cm) tall. The discussion came around to a well known show cow that was excellent in every way but she only stood 55 inches at the hip. You can well imagine the points put forward. “Holsteins need to be taller so their udders clear the ground more so you can get a milking machine under her properly”. All the way to ”if she’s good enough then stature should not matter”. In the end those saying Holstein cows needed to be taller won out.
Over the past forty years I have watched the Holstein breed as heifers and cows increased in stature to the point where first lactation cows in the show ring need to be over 62 inches in stature to place at the top of the class. But with that added 8 to 10 inches in stature comes calves that are larger at birth, animals that are narrower between their front legs and first lactation cows that appear to have less width to their rump and birth channel. Oh, yes today’s first lactation cows are capable of producing much more milk out of much wider and more tightly attached udders. The question is has the pendulum swung too far to the side of Holsteins being too tall and lacking width of body and width of rump?
Judge Michael Heath (Right) and associate David Dyment (Left) at the 2012 World Dairy Expo
The matter of width and stature in Holsteins was on my mind, last year, as I watched Michael Heath judge the Holsteins at World Dairy Expo (Read more: World Dairy Expo 2012 Holstein Show – A Battle for the Ages) and Callum McKinven judge the Holsteins at the Royal. Both judges (Read more: The 2012 Royal Winter Fair Holstein Show – One of the greatest stories ever told), in my opinion, placed less emphasis on stature than judges in the past have done. Both emphasised the cows that were closest to the ideal cow. Finding the tallest animals and placing them first was not their guiding force. Interesting to me is the fact that both Michael and Callum also breed and judge Jerseys that are a foot shorter in height than Holsteins but the milking machines easily attach and milk Jerseys. Which may beg the question “if Holsteins were the same size as Jerseys would that be okay?”.
Judge Callum McKinven and associate Bruce Mode discuss a tough placing at the 2012 Royal Winter Fair
This brought my mind to thinking about Don Bennink’s (Read more: North Florida Holsteins: Aggressive, Progressive and Profitable) comment that show Jerseys can go to shows and go home to frees stall barns and do just fine yet today’s show Holsteins cannot. Is Don right? Do we need to get off the tall Holsteins bandwagon and have cows that have body mass and an ability to function in large group housing?
The Bullvine Bottom Line
The conformation scorecard for dairy cows placed 70% of the points on udders and feet and legs. With less than approximately 12-15% of the emphasis on body size why do we need mature Holstein cows that are over 60 inches at the hips? Too tall or too narrow, why don’t we let form follow function and let the cow that returns the most lifetime profit be our ideal?
Today’s dairy cattle breeders live in exciting times. The information and tools available are expanding at lightning fast speed. Traditional methods for improving herds and generating revenue from the sale of breeding stock have gone by the wayside. (Read more: Is There Still Going To Be A Market For Purebred Cattle In 10 Years? and Which Is Your Most Profitable Cow?) The breeding of elite animals rests in fewer hands every year.
What’s In the Future for Breeders
Until five years ago breeders limited the traits they selected for to those for which data was captured by DHI and Type Classification Programs. The future will be different.
Cow Efficiency Will Be Key With milk producers getting a smaller and smaller portion of the consumers’ dollar spent on milk, breeders need to supply breeding stock that are more efficient. Feed and labor account for about 70% of cost at the farm level. Genetic indexing for feed conversion and labor efficiency hold out great promise as areas where breeding could help. To date capturing feeding and labor data at the farm level is not happening. Some research is underway on feed efficiency. Stay tuned as researchers study these areas. However no longer will longevity be #1. Cows will need to be efficient every day of their productive lives. (Read more: North Florida Holsteins: Aggressive, Progressive and Profitable, 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows and Feed Efficiency: The Money Saver)
Food Safety Will Be a Must Have Higher and higher demands will be put on the quality of milk coming off farms. Even moderate levels of mastitis will not be tolerated. It is very interesting to see that CDN has just announced that, effective December 2013, it will publish an Official Genetic Evaluation for Mastitis Resistance. This report is well worth the review by discerning breeders. Information like the fact that for the best sires 6% of their daughters get mastitis whereas for the worst sires 22% of their daughters get mastitis. These evaluations will be significantly more accurate that using SCS alone. Now that’s news breeders want to hear. Additionally it is quite exciting to read that in the future CDN plans to publish genetic rankings for other disease resistance traits.
Island Mentality Won’t Work Breeding dairy cattle will be just like running any sustainable business. You need all the information and you need KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators). Breeders will need all the details which include the relationship of a trait to all other traits when making breeding decisions. Think about it. How much more valuable is it to know all of the performance, nutrition, rumination, estrus, body temperature, health, DNA, classification, financial and other management information. Selecting for only a few traits will become a thing of the past. On-farm data capture systems will be much more extensive in even just a few years from now and it will be stored in the cloud. Are you ready for on-farm testing for fat, protein, CLAs, protein fractions, and hormone levels? That list will grow quickly. Breeders will need 24-7 access to data and information. Data storage systems by breed societies and DHI’s will likely be a thing of the past. (Read more: Why Dairy Farmers Need To Know Their Key Performance Indicators)
Get Used to Global
The world of dairy cattle breeding has gone totally global. The current Interbull system for ranking bulls will be a thing of the past. Consider the fact that Scandinavia has had cow and heifer health data recording for many years now. Think how useful it would have been to use that data to develop genomic indexes for health traits for the world. The best animals in the world will not be limited to a few countries. Can you imagine only implanting sexed female embryos that are genomically tested and in the top 5% globally? (Read more: Who Really Has The Best Dairy Cattle Genetics In The World?)
Less Instinct More Facts We often hear about the art versus the science of breeding cattle. Well get ready for the art of applying the science. So much will be known about the genetic make-up of our animals that the breeder instinct will be replaced by programs that analyse and give recommendations to breeders.
It has Already Started
Over the past few years, the breeding of dairy cattle has gone viral. Communication by hard copy is dying quickly. Communities of breeders around the world talk every day without even leaving their office or picking up the phone. (Read more: The Shocking Speed of Social Media and the Dairy Industry) No one owns the patent on improving dairy cattle. It is a shared opportunity taken by those who want to breed improved cattle and generate income from owning the elite. Oocyte recovery will be possible from cows and heifers no matter where they are located. And new technology and information will be available daily or weekly not every four months as is now the case with genetic evaluation releases.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Now is the time for more global collaboration. Thinking beyond the present is a must. When it comes to breeding the ideal cow for 2020 or beyond she will need to be more complete than she has ever been before. (Read more: The Perfect Holstein Cow) If you haven’t considered one or more of the above changes you may already be in danger of falling behind.
The Bullvine has produced many articles on investing in genetics using genomic information including our early article 6 Ways to invest $50,000 in Dairy Cattle Genetics. Other Bullvine articles included Craswell Common Sense – Go For the Total Package, Mapel Wood Farms – Invest in the Best Forget the Rest, The Judge’s Choice – Investment Advice from Tim Abbott, and the Bullvine’s frequent articles on top picks in upcoming sales (Read more: Dairy Cattle Investment Advice). All these articles deal with finding and investing in the very top genetic animals. Today these investments are usually virgin heifers. Specifically, they are the ones that everyone sees in the press, in on-line sales catalogues or on Facebook. These young females usually sell for over $20,000 to $25,000. But what does a beginning breeder do? With limited capital what options are there if you want to kick-start the genetic level of his herd or start a new cow families? You need to think outside the box.
Invest Your Time
The term ‘sweat equity’ is often used when a person takes on a project themselves rather than hiring an outside expert. Well the sweat equity when it comes to buying top genetics is the time that you will need to invest in researching and finding animals. This is not meant to say that your time is worth little. What it does mean is that breeders, taking this approach, will need to search, search, search,…study, study, study,… and above all exercise patience until they find the right one(s).
At every sale there will be some good buys. It just takes time to do your homework to know which ones are good and which ones you will regret.
The Concept
A concept that bottom line focused beginning breeder might consider is to buy a top heifer for $6,000 or less. Flush the heifer and put embryos in your low genetic merit animals. The heifer will need to have a Net Merit of $775, a gTPI™ of 2400 or a DVG LPI of +3200.
Some folks may ask why invest in a heifer and not in embryos. Well it comes down to economics. Embryos from top cows sell for $1500 to $2000. It takes five unsexed embryos to get a live heifer. Then you must factor in that perhaps only one in four heifers will have high enough genomic numbers to be near the top and you can have $30,000 invested in getting a top daughter. It is more cost effective to buy a heifer about which you already know the genomic numbers.
So the challenge or opportunity, depending on how you look at it, is to find and buy a heifer that does not top the charts but is close to the top and that will give you progeny whose genomic indexes exceed, by a considerable amount, their parent average and that is also an animal that does not cost an arm and a leg to buy.
Know Your Focus
As most breeders do not attend or participate in showing, the focus for breeders early in their careers will be cow families, high lifetime yields, fertility and ability to stay in the herd and not be culled. In the future that check list is likely to include feed and labor efficiency. Above all when you’re starting out establish your focus. It will change over time but searching for show genetics one week, protein yield the next week and then before the month is out five other traits is not likely to get you to where you need to be. This is especially true if you are working with only a couple of heifers at any given time. Unlike breeders with a larger program who can likely cover a number of breeding fronts at one time.
Don’t let the excitement of the sale get the better of you. Keep your focus and know your criteria, your price may be different than someone elses, that’s ok. You have to do what works for your plan.
Purchase Criteria
Breeding chart topping heifers and bulls can not be achieved by starting with animals that are only moderately above average (for example gTPI™ of 2000 to 2200 or gLPI of +2800 to +3000). You need to be starting with animals that are 95% Rank or higher at least for the major traits you are breeding for. Starting any lower will mean that you are two to three generations away from having chart toppers. The Bullvine polled a number of people who have had success in topping the charts and they provided the following necessary ingredients for success:
Cow Families – success is much more likely if you purchase heifers from cow families that have high genomic values
Sire Stack – make sure the sires behind the heifer are high indexing and that the sires’ indexes compliment your objectives
Ability to Flush – you need to get 6+ embryos per flush and there are differences between families in how they flush (Read more: What Comes First The Chicken Or The Egg)
The Heifer will need to produce well, for milk fat and protein, and classify GP83 or higher in her first lactation. Eventually she will need to score VG.
The heifer’s genomic indexes (DGVs) will need to be within 200 for gTPI™ or 300 for gLPI of the very best heifers on the lists
A cow with many daughters with very high genomic indexes is a family you should be buying from
Likely the heifer you will be able to afford will be the third ranking full sister by a high genomic evaluated bull. It is how she will breed that will be important not that she’s third ranked.
What are the Facts
Knowing that the our readers like to see the actual facts, the Bullvine did an analysis on the top one hundred indexing heifers born and registered from January to June (inclusive) in 2013 in North America. The sources of the data for this study was CDN as it is the only source where breeders are not charged for look-ups. Here is what we found:
All but three of the top one hundred indexing heifers are sired by bulls with only a genomic index. Those three are sired by bulls on the top ten International gTPI™ list.
Females with a DGV LPI below +3200 can produce top daughters when mated to the best bulls available. The dams of the top one hundred heifers with DGV LPIs below +3200 broke out as follows: 2 have daughters in the top ten; 18 in the top fifty and 35 in the top one hundred.
As we would expect the top 20 heifers are a very superior group. i) All are from well known high indexing cow families. ii) All are over +3500 for their gLPI averaging + 3568; iii) Their DGV LPIs exceed their gLPIs by 338 on average. iv) Seven are sired by Seagull-Bay Supersire, five by De-Su BKM McCutchen and eight by six other high genomic bulls. v) These twenty heifers make the top of the list because they are exceptionally high for traits like fat yield, protein yield, herd life, SCS, daughter fertility and mammary system. vi) Worthy of note in the fact that only one of the twenty does not have positive indexes for %F and %P.
One dam MISS OCD ROBST DELICIOUS-ET has seven daughters that make the top one hundred list. Her Butz-Butler Shotglass daughter tops the list at +3682 gLPI and her DGV LPI is a very high + 3909; that DVG LPI is 401 over the DVG LPI average of her parents. The Crocket-Acres Elita Family has three heifers in the top twenty.
One heifer, S-S-I Zeus Mae 9096-ET, stands out as far exceeding (by 640 LPI) her parents in DVG LPI. Her sire De-Su Robust Zeus 11009-ET (DVG LPI +3301) and dam S-S-I Observ Manteca 7197-ET (DGV LPI + 3020) are not list toppers in their own right but together they produced this #6 heifer.
The Short Story
It is possible to get top progeny (daughters and sons) from females that may not quite be at the top of the indexing lists, provided, you use complimentary mating (Read more: Let’s Talk Mating Strategies) and the very best sires available on those females.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Innovative forward thinking breeders have been and will always be the people who move dairy cattle breeding ahead. They are not satisfied to only think within the box. They use the approach that work for them. That’s always the best alternative.
Whenever two or more breeders get together they talk ‘bulls’. Which ones are you using? Why? What results are you seeing? Do your results match what his proof says he will do? More recently talk has been about genomic indexes and if, when proven, bulls’ proof will match the genomic index. So why is this talk so important? Today half the semen being sold is from genomically evaluated bulls. And quite simply it is because 90% of the improvement in herd comes from the sires used in a herd or a population. Some may disagree saying that cow families are extremely important. However in the majority of herds a cow has one to two heifers and not all of those heifers will calve at least once in the herd. So which sires and how they are used will make the difference between genetic progress or genetic backsliding.
Before Bull Proofs
Before Bull proofs, well in fact before BLUP bull proofs, genetic progress was limited at best. Breeders used cow families to select their bulls from. often crossing cow families to get the result they wanted. In the history books we read about the successes but there were in fact more failures than successes. BLUP indexes (1970’s) were the first accurate genetic measurements available and they started the upward climb genetically. Today we take for granted that proven bulls will do what the proofs say they will do. How fortunate we are that the animal breeding industry has dedicated researchers that made the study and application of cattle breeding their careers. We no longer need to hope that the bull we choose will click with our herd. We have the facts to base our decisions on.
Mating Programs
A.I. organizations for many years now have provided services to interested breeders on which sires should be used in a herd or on which cows a sire will work best. As we all know many breeders use these services, at least as a guide, while other breeders wish to retain sire selection to their own system.
One key factor in mating programs, no matter who offers it or if a breeder has his own is what results a breeder wishes to achieve. Breeding is not simply using top ranked sires. It is about taking the cows in your herd and mating them to a sire to achieve your goals. Even the very elite sires have limitations. Doubling up their limitations with cows will the same limitations is not progress.
How Accurate
Until heifers and cows had genomic results, breeders often selected bulls based on their genetic indexes and females on their phenotypic information (yields and classification). Now with genomic values breeders know with 65-70% accuracy a female’s genetic merit and that plus their phenotypic information, if a breeder wants to use it, represent the female side. For bulls their genetic indexes are the most accurate information to use. The only difference between genomic indexes and a daughter proven bull in addition to the genomic index is the accuracy / reliability of the information 70% vs 90+%.
Corrective Mating
Breeders need to ask themselves if they want a solid herd for the traits of importance to them. In which cases using a corrective mating strategy is likely the way to go. Most A.I. mating services are based on this strategy. You take each cow or group of cows and you determine their limiting factors. Traits like low milk yield, low %F, high SCS and weak fore attachment. The program searches for the bull or bulls that correct the limitations that the females have. By breeding this way breeders wanting a uniform herd with reasonably high genetic merit for most traits can be achieved within 5-6 generations of females.
An example of corrective mating would be if you have a typical Baxter daughter you would look for a bull that would, at least, improve %P, wide front teats and daughter fertility. Most breeders whose major income source is the milk check would be satisfied to achieve those corrections.
Complimentary Mating
There are breeders that take a different approach to improving their herd. These breeders are not so concerned about having a very uniform herd. They want to have a herd that excels for certain traits. Traits like show type, fat & protein yield and longevity. Breeders practicing this strategy will first off select bulls that sire daughters that build upon the breeder’s priority areas. The example where we often see this practiced by breeders are those who participate in showing. They always make sure the bulls they use leave daughters with style and stature. But there are other examples. For instance breeders that have the goal of having a least half their cows complete five lactations and 125,000 lbs of milk. These breeders are willing to give up on items of lesser importance to them to achieve their big ticket traits.
An example of complementary mating would be if you have a typical Baxter daughter you would look for a bull that would build on Baxter’s genetic strengths in milk yield, fat yield, median suspensory, heel depth and herd life. Breeders planning to derive significant income from the sale of breeding stock will want to have available for sale stock that excel above average.
Plan for Improvement
So many traits and various methods of expressing indexes can make the job of reading and understanding a challenging one. The Bullvine provides the following table to show where indexes are relative to the cows in North America:
It is important to use bulls that are significant improvers if a breeder wishes to make advancement. For cows or heifers that already have high indexes it takes a significant improver bull to even holder these females at their current indexes. Remember that if a cow is -0.5 for Daughter Pregnancy Rate (in Canada 95 for Daughter Fertility) it takes using a bull that is +1.5 (110 in Canada) to even get the resulting calf to be above average.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
First know what you want to achieve from the matings in your herd. Make sure that you or your advisors base sire selection on corrective mating to limit faults. Use complimentary mating to enhance the strengths already present in your females. Every journey has a starting point and an end point. The route to get to the end is the breeder’s choice.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
As long as there have been organized herd books (about one and a half centuries) there has been the question of why breeders should register their purebred animals in them. The reasons as to ‘why register’ had undergone many changes and we can expect the reasons to continue to change over time.
In the Beginning
The first herd books were in Europe and were local or regional in nature. One breeder took on the job of recording the births based on the details supplied by his fellow breeders. Documentation was provided listing the birth, parents and a description of the animal. As the systems became more organized registration numbers were allocated. Since the proportion of the cows that were registered was small compared to the unregistered and because the animals that were registered were selected they commanded a premium price. Grade breeders wanting to garner some of the increased price would purchase a registered bull for use on their grade cows. Quite often a breeder would own a bull that his neighbours could use for a fee. Cattle were on display or exhibited at local fairs and class winners or their offspring brought a premium price.
Cattle to America
The initial animals brought to America were multi-purpose – draught, beef and milk. Their value to their owners were likely in that order of importance. The Dual Purpose Shorthorns was common and popular in the later part of the 19th Century. From about 1875 onwards breeds maintained in Europe primarily for milk production purposes were imported into North America. Again regional herd books sprung up and dairy cattle registration mirrored the systems in Europe. Purity and in Holsteins color or color pattern were key to eligibility for registry.
Improvement Introduced
Early in the 20th Century groups to measure milk production were started. In Canada in 1905 selected cows were measured for the pounds of butterfat that they could produce in a seven day period. That added value to the sons and daughters of top cows and bulls. This was followed by recording for an entire lactation using DHI clubs and DHIR (Breed recognized) in the USA and ROP in Canada. And it moved, over time, from selected animals to all cows in a herd being milk and fat recorded. The cows on these yield improvement programs were required to be registered in the herd book, which by this time had become national in scope. There was real financial value in terms of performance and animal sales from having registered cattle even though it required record keeping and verification by a third party authority.
In the 1920’s North American breeders with foresight saw the need to add longevity to their dairy cattle and they started conformation evaluation programs for registered animals. Animals with high conformation scores, authenticated by approved evaluators, commanded higher prices.
Mainly because of the use of A. I. which required that the bulls standing in stud be registered and their ancestors performance tested, the entire population of dairy cattle improved for their productive ability. It got to the stage where many unregistered animals were capable of matching or even exceeding the performance of some of the average or lower end registered cattle. For registered cattle to maintain their value breeders were put in the position to accept entry into the herd book of animals originating from unregistered background. They could be entered into the herd book provided proof could be shown for the use of registered sires in their pedigree. This increased the proportion of the total dairy cattle population that were registered. These new entries into the herd book came from breeders that were using milk recording. This put in place a three tier value system. The top was high quality registered performance tested purebreds followed, in order, by graded-up cattle with performance records and then by registered purebreds that were not performance tested. The mould was broken. Simple registration of lineage no longer always meant a premium. Some breeders fought the move to include graded-up animals but in the end they were included. So it became not just registry but also performance that set an animal’s value.
Dairy Cattle Move Global
For about sixty years following WW II, dairy cattle moved first from Europe and North America and then Oceania to all regions of the globe. First bulls and then heifers moved and were used as the basis for establishing dairy cattle farming in their new homes. However the biggest change in these countries came through the use of high quality A.I. proven sires. All these moves re-enforced the value of registered and recorded animals. Breeders in the countries of origin benefited because they had invested in registration, milk recording and type classification. As the 20th Century closed and the cost of transporting animals increased the sale of embryos began to replace live female sales.
The Pace Quickens
Nothing lasts for ever. Starting around the turn to the 21st century and with some outbreaks of animal diseases and the move for increased food safety, disease testing became necessary and so all animals had to be permanently identified and their movement tracked. State and national data bases became necessary for all dairy animals. In Canada the purebred registry societies saw the light and expanded their databases (herd books) to include all dairy animals. Every country has or is now establishing identification and animal tracking systems. It is not a “maybe” any longer. Farms producing milk must guarantee the health of the animals producing it. Registering animals which started as optional and a way to garner more income (cattle sales) from a dairy farm is or will soon be the law everywhere.
Time Waits for No One
So far in the 21st Century two advancements have changed the scene in a major way for the value of registration. First there was sexed semen, leading to more heifers being available. Then in 2008 genomic testing arrived. The combination of these two technologies resulted in a lowering of the premium for good quality registered recorded animals. Young full pedigreed above average conformation cows worth $4,000 to $10,000 a decade ago are now only $200 to $500 over replacement milk cow values. There is still a premium for registered and recorded females but not a farm revenue center like it once was. Only elite genomically evaluated animals garner a large premium. But it does not stop there. Accurate evaluation (genomics) of the genetic merit of young animals has placed the premium on young superior animals at the expense of milking females.
What Does the Future Hold?
None of us can exactly predict the future for the registered recorded evaluated dairy cattle populations. We can expect the pace of change to increase. Consumers’ needs (high quality safe food) and demands (polled) will expand (Read more: MILK MARKETING: How “Got Milk?” BECAME “Got Lost” and Why the Future of the North American Dairy Industry Depends On Supply And Demand and “Got Milk” is becoming “Got More”). More and more information on the genetic make-up of animals will become available using DNA analysis. IVF will move from being only available at specialized centers to a service available on-farm. Automation and computers will be universally used. Data services will be web based covering all aspects of dairy farming.
And those items only cover what we currently know and not what will come as a result of both research and development in genetics, reproduction, health, nutrition and management. Can you see the day when cows will be monitored and recorded 24-7 and the results stored on the information ‘cloud”? Definitely every farm will need a breeding plan (Read more: What’s the plan?, Flukes and Pukes – What Happens When You Don’t Have a Plan and Are you a hobby farmer or a dairy business?). We live in exciting times.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
A century ago registration was new and novel. Today registration is a vital first step in the information gathering process. For progressive breeders registration will continue to be an investment opportunity and not a cost.
Herd profitability is front and centre in the minds of breeders as they build their genetic base for the future. Current and future profit does not come by chance. It takes both breeder instinct and skilled management. Two important factors breeders and managers must consider is how long the workers stay on the job and how productive they are. And when it comes to workers on dairy farms it starts with the cows. Longevity along with productivity go hand in hand with making a profit.
What is Longevity?
According to our current indexes longevity is productive life (PL) or herd life (HL). But what does that mean? Is it one more month in the herd for an average daughter of a bull? What makes the difference?
Let’s take a moment and think about how great it is when your workers stay with your organization for at least five years. Instead of frequently giving new staff basic training, the organization can spend more time on advanced skills training. Productivity will increase and thereby profit can be pushed to new heights.
When it takes 1.0 to 1.5 lactations before a heifer you have raised or purchased to start to show a net lifetime profit, then culling heifers before the end of two lactations means just breaking even. A couple of months longer stay before the end of the 2nd lactation is really no big thing. Especially if the cow is below average for productivity.
When considering longevity how “long” is long enough?
What is Ideal Longevity?
Let’s start with what it is not. On a highly bred, fed and managed farm, averaging 25,000 lbs and 13.0 month calving interval, longevity is not a cow that stays around for five lactation yielding 20,000 lbs and calving every 14 months. She has two problems – her volume of output is below average and she takes a month longer off work than her contemporaries. In short she is a free-loader.
Each of us will have our own definition of longevity. Years back for many breeders longevity was the cow that won the county show, produced okay and from which daughters could be sold. For other breeders it is the cow that causes no problem, conceives on 1st or 2nd service and produces at least 10% above her contemporaries. For today’s profit oriented breeders it is the cow that produces 200,000 lbs (90,909 kgs) in 8-9 lactations, that calves back within 13 months. It is the cow that, after calving quickly and smoothly, moves into lactation, does not require vet visits, maintains a low SCS as she ages and operates without problems within the herd’s housing and milk systems. Now that is longevity that is measurable and profitable!
Breeding for the Ideal
We can all see what we like when we look at the twelve year old cow but breeding is not a retrospective matter. Breeding is about creating the future. Idealizing the past is not breeding. Breeding is creating that heifer calf that arrives healthy without causing momma any problems, is able to resist illness and then calves before 24 months of age, is functionally correct and can cost effectively produce above her contemporaries and stays for many lactations.
Achieving ideal longevity takes more than genetics. Management plays a major role. When breeders get both genetics and management on longevity right they are able to have low herd turn-over (25%), save considerable dollars by raising fewer heifers (every heifer not raised saves $2200), and less expense for drugs, insemination, labor, feed, ..etc.
Current Tools Available
Two overall indexes currently published are PL (USA) and HL (Canada). Many other supporting indexes assist in interpreting PL and HL. Those include: SCS, DPR/DF, Udder Depth, Feet, Rear Legs Rear View and Maternal Calving Ease. Of course yields of fat and protein (Link – Is Too Much Water Milking Your Profits) are important however a few more pounds of fat and protein in a lactation can in no way compare to getting that fifth, sixth and seventh lactation from a cow. Lactations where yield and profit are at their peak. Total merit indexes, like NM$, TPI™ and LPI, do factor in longevity but if breeders have genetically overlooked length of herd life, by placing their focus on show type or production, then these indexes will under estimate the emphasis that should be placed on longevity.
Future Tools Needed
What our current PL and HL indexes fail to do is to place emphasis of getting cows that make it to those fifth, sixth and seventh lactations. Adding a couple more months to cows that stay for 2 to 3 lactations is not what breeders need. They need some way of knowing which bulls leave daughters that profitably make it to those later lactations. Hopefully our genetic evaluation researchers will study some accurate way to identify bulls that produce long lived productive cows.
Let’s Talk Bulls
In breeding it always comes down to which bulls to use. Should I use Atwood or Bookem or should I use Windbrook or Fever?
Atwood, a current popular bull of show type, has PL of –0.5 while Bookem, a newly daughter proven bull, has a PL of 5.7. Bookem’s stay in the herd over six months longer. How does Bookem do that? Well it is by having higher DPR, superior calving ease and maternal calving ease, lower stillbirths and higher production. If show winnings are not important to you then Bookem should be your choice.
Both Windbrook (+15) and Fever (+16) sire superior conformation, yet Fever has a HL of 116 compared to Windbrook’s HL of 103. Fever’s significant superiority in SCS, DF, milking speed and daughter calving ability give him the distinct advantage. DCA is often not used by breeders but Fever at 111 is in the top 2% of the breed for his daughters to calve without difficulty.
So in breeding for longevity breeders must dig deeper and find out all the facts. Bulls that have a PL over 5.5 or a HL over 110 are unlikely to produce daughters that have problems for somatic cell count, daughter fertility, milking speed, maternal calving ease, depth of udder or mobility.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Longevity is a lot easier to describe than it is to achieve. What are our choices? We could sit and anticipate a ‘genomic-like’ breakthrough in this area of dairy breeding and management. That would be easy. But that way we are losing dollars and productive animals every day. Or we can act to immediately incorporate strategies that keep our animals, trouble free, healthy and producing longer. When it comes to longevity proactive means profitable.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
T. B. Macaulay, Mount Victoria Farms (Montvic), (Read more: Mount Victoria Farms: The Art and Science of Great Breeding) ninety years ago had a plan. One component of his plan was 4% butterfat. He built his herd around Johanna Rag Apple Pabst and his 4% fat daughters. The history books do not specifically identify Macaulay’s reason for wanting 4% butterfat except we know that back then Holsteins were considered to be ‘low testers’.
Roy Ormiston, breeder of the world famous Roybrook Farms, developed an excellent herd with the three pillars being high % fat, excellent conformation and high lifetime production.
The importance of fat yield has also been stressed by many leading USA breeders. Over forty years ago Dr. Gene Starkey, the very well respected Wisconsin Dairy Extension Specialist, in his speeches talked about herds where cows averaged over 900 pounds of butterfat per year with only limited reference to the milk yield number for top herds.
When Protein Ruled
Fat took a backseat to show conformation and then to % protein in the later 1970’s and into the 1980’s. The trendy thing was to use a bull the improved % protein but dropped % fat. The thinking was that consumers wanted to exclude fat from their diets but that protein was needed to make cheese. The trend meant the majority of breeders paid only limited attention to % fat and the national Holstein averages for % fat dropped.
How Milk is Sold
On a global basis the majority of milk is sold in a solid and not a liquid state (Read more: “Got Milk” is becoming “Got More” and MILK MARKETING: How “Got Milk?” BECAME “Got Lost”). Milk processors and marketers recognized this and so payment to farmers changed from volume and % fat to become based on the component yields. This is known as MCP, multiple component pricing. Today the pendulum has swung to where butterfat is back in fashion. Thus the quantity of solids a cow produces is important to her ability to generate income.
Milk is sold as a drink often has fat removed by processors. That fat is used to make other products and thus it is a source of revenue, not a cost, for the processor. .
The end result is that breeders are paid for the total fat and protein content in the milk they ship. And in the future it is entirely possible that breeders will be paid for the specific fats (i.e. conjugated linoleic acid) and proteins (i.e. casein) they ship.
Avoid the Water
In today’s and likely tomorrow’s world having more water than necessary in milk is a cost and not a source of income. These cost factors include:
high peak milk yields adds stress on the cow and increased labor and health costs
high milk yields magnifies the challenge and cost to getting cows to conceive
to achieve higher milk yield adds to cow feed costs for high energy grains
cows and their rumens function best when a high percent of the diet is high quality but low cost forages
longer milking times to harvest the higher volume of milk adds labor and utility costs
on-farm more volume adds to cooling cost and the need for increased storage capacity
water removal at the farm is costly
extra milk volume adds to transportation cost
added volume increases processor cooling costs and storage capacity
high volumes adds to environmental costs and the disposal of water at the processing plant
If we could calculate the total for those ten items it might shock us how much money could be saved by having a higher content of fat and protein in milk. It all starts with the milk our cows produce.
Let’s Talk Genetics
At the farm level cows that produce 85 pounds at 4.0% fat and 3.4% protein are generating the same revenue and at less cost to all the partners in the supply chain than cows that produces 100 pounds at 3.4% fat and 2.9% protein. For sire selection this means selecting for fat yield, protein yield, % fat and % protein. Ideally, although not always possible, this means selecting bulls for less milk yield. Today most total merit index formulas (TPI™, LPI, NM$,…etc.) are based on fat and protein yield of a bull’s daughters without regards to the volume of milk they produce. This means that high yield bulls that drop % fat and/or % protein do not ranking near the top on these indexes. A help to breeders when selecting bulls to use.
Top Sires
The following table identifies top total merit bulls for their daughters’ genetic ability to produce fat and protein and have a high % fat and % protein. For bulls to appear in this table they had to be breed improvers for productive life or herd life.
Bulls Ranked by Fat plus Protein Yields * USA – pounds / Canada – kilograms Click on image for enlargement
Supersire tops the list for the ability to sire daughters for fat yield and total fat and protein yield Jabir is high in all areas including NM$. For breeders wanting higher % fat and % protein should consider AltaIota, AltaRazor, Eloquent, Ahead or Overtime P.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Much emphasis is currently being placed on cows that are functional and healthy, yet productivity can’t be ignored. Without the ability to generate high levels of revenue from milk sales, it is hard to make a profit from dairy farming. When it comes to production, don’t let low component milk water down your success.
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
Five years ago dairy cattle breeders were first hearing the word genomics. Over many generations of cows they had followed the recommended practice of using plus proven A.I. sampled sires on the majority of their herd with limited use (20-30%) of high indexing young unproven bulls. This practice had made it possible for them to improve their herd, help the breed improve and to generate revenue from the sale of breeding animals. And then along came a new way to look at accuracy for young animals and the merits of a cow without having to wait for her to have many milking daughters.
For most of us it was something that shook the foundation of what we knew about breeding cattle. How could an analysis of the genes change the method of breeding we knew and had been very comfortable with using? As expected breeders have had a variety of reactions. Some instantly adopted genomics. Some cautiously considered and used it to a limited extent. Many took a wait and see approach.
Today much has changed to the point where half the semen used is that of genomically evaluated bulls. We are learning more every month and every index run about genomics. The Bullvine decided to address some of the current questions and thoughts about genomics that we are hearing expressed by our readers.
Learning from Observer
DE-SU OBSERVER
De-Su Observer, a former high ranking genomic bull, born in November 2008, received his first official proof, which included daughter performance, in April 2013 and he had a gTPI of 2332. However with last week’s index release (Read more: August 2013 Holstein Sire Evaluations Highlights From Around the World) his gTPI dropped by 188 points to 2144. Many breeders are asking why? Can we trust genomics and the very first proofs with daughter performance included? Let’s think this one through.
High genomic bulls are now used by A.I. and breeders as mating sires for the next generation mostly using ET. The female mates of these bulls, with few exceptions, are also high indexing. Their progeny’s genetic evaluations will be adjusted for their parent’s high genetic merit by the genetic evaluation centres. However the extra care and treatment breeders give to these future star females, from birth to the end of their first lactations, cannot be totally adjusted for in the genetic evaluations. This means we can expect these young bulls to be over-evaluated in their first official proof based on the performance of their first 30-60 daughters. Until we can capture more details at the herd level for yields, health, reproduction, herd management, type assessment and heifer performance we can expect that high genomic bulls, after they get their very first official proof, will subsequently fall back slightly in some part of their proof.
This just happened to Observer. Between April and August he added 582 milking daughters to reach 800 and 283 classified daughters to reach 349. In April he was and in August he still is a 99%RK gTPI sire but he dropped from #1 to #21 on the TPI list (#8 among those with 99% reliability for MF). His breeding pattern for type did not change. His daughters have outstanding mammary systems but are only average feet and legs and below average dairy strength. His ratings for fertility and longevity were essentially unchanged. If anything they are up slightly. However Observer’s ratings for the yield traits dropped. The decreases were milk -14%, fat -26% and protein – 21%. He is still a top proven bull and a good bull to have in the pedigree or to use to make productive profitable cows. With the high number of daughters now in his proof we can expect he will not changed to a similar extent in December.
Considering a bull’s rank on a total merit index list is the first step in selecting bulls. However knowing how his strengths and limitation match your herd’s genetic needs is the important second step.
What about Robust, Bookem, AltaMeteor and AltaRazor?
All these bulls had their first official proofs in August after being highly rated on their genomic information. Their August Reliabilities range from 89% to 91%. So we can expect some movement in their indexes, as they have information added on daughters, the same as happened with Observer. Remember they can go up as well as down. They are all top of the class graduates but like all new graduates we can expect to know their attributes more exactly come December or next April. For discerning breeders this means use them but not any one of them to an excessive amount. Between them these four bring to the industry high NM$, high protein yield, high udder composite and high fat yield. All things commercial breeders include in their breeding plans (Read more: What’s the plan?).
Can more Genomic Related Information be Published?
To most breeders, it seems that genomic indexes are high, and constantly increasing. It is almost impossible to keep up. Go to an auction sale and hear the pedigree person say that ‘this bull is leaving many high genomic progeny” and what is the average breeder to take that to mean. It can be confusing even for people “in the know”. But what about people who do not follow the results closely? Furthermore for breeders that follow more than one breed, they see what is top numbers in one breed may seem ordinary in another breed. Has the time come to consider changes such as:
Publishing the %RK for indexes – that way an animal’s strengths and limitations was be easily seen
Widely publishing the levels for all indexes for 99%RK, 90%RK and 50%RK
Identifying animals that leave top genomic progeny for all traits not just for the total merit indexes.
Keep moving Forward
Genetic Evaluations Centres around the world are studying ways to use the records from bulls’ daughters where the bull may not have been randomly sampled. Excluding records from analysis is not as easy as not using the data from ET daughters or for the first 50 to 100 daughters born. These steps could be well and good if this matter only involved the genetic side of our business. But it impacts marketing and revenue generation from top animals and therefore it gets complicated. It could well be some time before we have a solution.
Breeders need a breeding and marketing plan for their herd. And then they need to use the most up-to-date genetic indexes for both bulls and cows. It does not change the process: first sort the bulls by your preferred total merit index; and then correctively mate your cows or group of cows with the best mate on your selected list. It is up to each breeder to decide whether to use the genomic information or not. The advantages from using genomic information are a faster rate of genetic improvement by having more accurate indexes on young animals and the use of the very top animals, especially bulls.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Breeding is about creating animals that are genetically superior to our current herd of animals. It does not simply happen by adding one and one to get two. It involves using all the skills including planning, cow awareness, genetic theory, accurate information, the turning of generations,..etc. Genomics is proving to be a good new tool. No doubt it and genetic evaluations will improve considerably over the next five years. More knowledge is always a good thing.
It used to be that when you went to a high quality sale you looked the animals over and selected one or two that would most help your herd and were within your price range. That was when a cow produced one calf every thirteen months and proven A.I. sires stayed in vogue for half a decade. Well that was yesteryear and yesteryear is behind us now.
What do you do today if there is a choice of three high genomic full sisters in a sale? To become the successful buyer here is what do you need to do?
Homework Required
Very definitely before going to the sale you need to research the national data file to get the facts. Don’t get only the pedigree but also the dam’s performance, the sire’s indexes, the number of and indexes of the siblings. And it does not stop there. You need to decide if the animal you may buy will give you the opportunity to achieve your goal. Bidding without having a goal and plan and knowing the facts is dangerous. Not physically dangerous, but dangerous from an investment point of view. This homework will pay big dividends in time.
Step One – The Plan
Decide what your plan or goal is in buying. Do you want the animal for improving your herd, for breeding top indexing progeny, for selling embryos … etc? You decide. Play it as if you are the manager of a major league baseball team. Will your decision on the player’s contract (aka animal) you purchase enhance your team’s chances of winning the World Series? I always admire how cool and confident 99% of the baseball managers are. They have a plan for the game and for the year and they stick to it.
In setting your plan, you will need to decide which piece of information is most important for you. Is it TPI, LPI or NM$? Or does the pedigree have cow family or show appeal? Or is it high genetics for Health & Fertility or longevity that you want to add to your herd? Are there any minimum index values that you will not go below when purchasing? Does the conformation of the animal you are purchasing matter? Be fully prepared.
Step Two – Know the General Sales Details
Check out on-line or using a hard copy catalogue what is listed about the sale lot. And what the terms are for payment. Very definitely you need to know the animal’s health & vaccination status. In the future we will need to know the health status of all animals at the sale. As biosecurity and the health status of animals is becoming more important every day. The Bullvine strongly suggests that you wear clean clothes to the sale and most definitely clean footwear or plastic boots over your footwear. We can’t be too clean.
Step Three – Check Every Animal Detail
Now it is time to get down to the nitty gritty details.
Check to make sure you know if the sire stack and the cow family qualify according to your plan. If you are looking for something novel or non-inbred, make sure those criteria are met. Do an extensive check of all the dam’s progeny. Are there other full sisters not offered in the sale and what are their indexes? You do not want to have a choice of the three poorest full sisters with the seller having the best ones that will be competing with you for selling embryos. Also check out the half sibs for their genomic indexes. They may be high and the competition for selling embryos. Check not only the performance of the parents but also the gTPIs or gLPIs. Personally I like to carefully review the DGVs (Direct Genomic Values) of the sisters and compare them. DGVs are the basis on which every animal’s index is built.
If you are wanting to operate in the elite of the Holstein breed, you will need to be thinking of only buying animals over 2400 gTPI, over 3000 gLPI or over 700 NMS, over 2.0 PTAT / +9 CONF, below 2.90 SCS, above 3 Productive Life / 108 Herd Life and above 1.0 Daughter Pregnancy rate / 105 Daughter Fertility for black and white horned animals. As yet few if any polled or red animals have reached these levels but it will not be long before that occurs.
Step Four – At the Sale
Now you are ready to attend the sale with your research file and chequebook in hand. Remember the clean clothes and footwear. Do a thorough inspection of all of the full sisters present. Try to imagine what they will look like as they grow. Will they make at least GP83 and 9,000 kgs in their first lactation? We all know that heifers go through many stages before they calve but feet, legs, stature/mass, strength of topline, pin setting,… are all body parts that can be judged at any stage of life. Make sure you ask for any updates to the catalogued information. Often those details are crucial when you are deciding to bid or not or what level you are prepared to bid to.
Everyone has their own techniques they use when bidding. Some want to know who they are bidding against. Others like to bid quickly or slowly. There are almost as many techniques as there are bidders. Do whatever works for you.
While at the sale make sure you network with breeders and marketers.
International Intrigue 2013
In preparing for this sale Lot 2 stood out for me. It was a choice of three Cashcoin females from the Lot #1 MS C-Haven Oman Kool, a high indexing fresh VG87 first lactation Man-O-Man and the #2 protein cow in North America. The sire stack was Cashcoin x Man-O-Man x Shottle x BW Marshall x Patron x Aerostar. All well respected sires. These three full sisters were very early Cashcoins. The indexes were not in the catalogue as the calves were very young but it was reported that the genomic information would be available on sale day. My last minute research before leaving for the sale showed that there were about seven Cashcoin x Kool daughters but none had genomic results in the CDN data system. As you would expect all seven have exactly the same PA LPI when I looked them up.
MS C-Haven Oman Kool VG-87-2YR
When I got to the sale Kool was there and she looked awesome – what a mammary system and she was milking 111 lbs per day. However the calves were not present being less than two months old and likely not old enough to be health tested to enter Canada. The genomic information was available and they very very similar and high. The ranges in indexes were gTPI 2418 to 2426, gLPI 3357 to 3413, NMS 789 to 809, Productive Life 4.8 to 6.2, DPR 0.2 to 0.9 and PTAT 2.72 to 3.00. The update sheet said the buyer would get the 2nd choice from the three. I wondered how these three compared to the other four. I tried logging into CDN and find out the DVGs for the other four but I could not find out that information. The question, at sale time, being would potential buyers have enough facts to feel confident to bid, knowing that these three were like peas in a pod for their indexes but where did they rank compared to the other four. I had done my homework but would have liked to know more.
MS C-Haven Oman Kool VG-87-2YR
Since the sale I have done some checking and I found that the three offered were #3, #4 and #5 based on gLPI of the Cashcoin x Kool daughters. All are within 46 gLPI of each other. The second choice of these three is only 120 LPI behind the #1 and 62 LPI behind the #2. Of course the end to the story has not been written and I do not know which of these three full sisters the buyer took. But I know how the calculation formula for gLPI indexes works and with all seven of the Cashcoin x Kool daughters so close it will depend very much on their own performance as cows that will identify which one is the best. The buyer likely made a very good decision having paid the very reasonable sum of $18,000 for the second choice of the three offered at the sale.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
In general full sister are not as close as the three Cashcoin x Kool’s above. Often there is clearly one that stands out. The key is to do your homework and the vast majority of the time you will get an animal that will fulfill your needs. Buying on genomics indexes is quite accurate and it will become more accurate as more animals are genomically tested and then performance tested. It is quite simple in the end. Buy the sister that most closely meets your needs.
For generations dairy cattle breeders have had reasons to explain why their cows did not quickly conceive or why the show cows needed to stay open and then calve at a particular time of the year in order to look their best for the show season. Well those are not reasons. They are excuses. We buy equipment, use drug therapy, manage groups, ask the vets to perform miracles and yes even lose sleep in attempts to raise our herd’s conception and pregnancy rates and lower our day’s open and extra days in the dry pen. But then we tell ourselves and fellow breeders that at only 5% heritability there is nothing we can do about genetically improving fertility in our dairy cattle.
If it was anything else, like a broken tractor, we’d go about getting it repaired even though it was a costly undertaking. Enhancing the genetics of dairy cattle fertility however falls into that ineffective area where – we keep doing things the same old way but expect different results. The truth is we must do things differently. Until we revamp the genetics of the dairy cows, we can not expect to reduce the costs and lost revenue associated with infertility.
What Oman Has Shown Us
Mention the name Oman to a Holstein breeder and you can expect a reaction. He is categorized as either the best sire to come along in years or he has ruined the breed. This icon does not inspire fence sitters. On the like side both Don Bennick (Read More – North Florida Holsteins: Aggressive, Progressive and Profitable!) and Chris Buchner (who I recently visited with at Elmwold Farms) extol Oman’s virtues. Don’s favourite cow is an Oman daughter. Chris put it this way – “We just loved our Omans. Sure they would not win a show but the Omans did it for us as we are in the business of efficient profitable production measured by maximizing fat and protein in the tank per cow per day of course at reasonable input costs’. This raises the question “Does function follow form or does form follow function?”. For Don and Chris, it is form that follows function
Oman did many things right when it comes to fertility. Calves are born easily, able to be productive cows before two years of age, able to breed back quickly while yielding a high volume of solids and able to do it year after year. And they do it in any environment. Oman showed us that calving ease, reproduction and longevity can all fit into a package and that cows do not have to be tall, dairy, flat boned or angular. In fact what Oman did was to show that there are genetic differences between sires when it comes to female fertility and it stimulated breeders to measure all traits independently instead of trying to define the model perfect cow. One size does not fit all.
Female Fertility
Both phenotypic and genetic trends for female fertility have spiralled downwards as production increased in the past forty years. We put our focus on milk production and picture perfect conformation, using what is often called a combined production and type index. But the amount and quality of data captured and stored relating to female reproduction has been sadly lacking. For the milking herd that situation has been reversed in the past half decade due in part to the great expansion in herd management software programs with the data uploaded to central data bases where genetic analysis and evaluations are performed. But the same can not be said for heifer information. Any data that does exist for heifers remains on farm so, except in education or research herds, we can not correlate, on a population basis, the heifer stage of development with lifetime performance.
Where once we relied on what we called “cow sense” we now have genetic evaluations, for cows and bulls, for the following traits that correlate well with female fertility:
Calving Ease For years breeders felt that calves had to be large at birth to develop into large framed cows. Today commercially oriented breeders want live calves that are born unassisted and cows, especially first calvers, that deliver a live calf without assistance. Two genetic indexes are published – one for the birth of the calf (Calving Ease / Calving Ability) and one for the mother’s ability to deliver ( Maternal Calving Ease / Daughter Calving Ability). Sires rated above 7 in the USA or below approximately 97 in Canada for either calving ease index should be avoided unless breeders are prepared to attend and assist the birth. The cost of a difficult calving is significant when you consider the risk of death of calf and mother, vet and drug costs, an anestrous period, a longer time in the dry pen and less yield for both the lactation and lifetime.
Pregnancy Rate – No pregnancy, no calf, no lactation!
That says it all. Getting a pregnancy when a cow is lactating at a high level is no mean feat but is the reality of dairy cattle farming. Sires that rate below +1.0 for Daughter Pregnancy Rate (USA) and 105 for Daughter Fertility (Canada) will not improve the genetic merit of a herd for pregnancy rate. Correlated positively with sire ratings for Daughter Fertility in Canada is Body Condition Score (BCS). Correlated negatively is Dairy Form (USA) and Angularity (Canada). Bulls that have a rating above 105 for BCS have daughters that get pregnant whereas bulls above average for Dairy Form and Angularity are more difficult to get in calf. Using all these indexes assists breeders to get the overall picture so wise decisions can be made when selecting sires to use.
Length of Life
Some breeders prefer to select only for Productive Life (USA) or Herd Life (Canada) instead of selecting for the fertility traits. Additional factors beyond fertility go into calculating the length of herd life including SCS and udder depth. Therefore selecting for longevity may not get the boost in female fertility a breeder may be looking for. Again, as with the other indexes sires will need to have high ratings for Productive Life (over +3) and Herd Life (over 105) to positively impact the genetic merit of a herd.
Genomic evaluations
have been a major step forward in ranking bulls for female fertility traits. Accuracies of genomic indexes are more than double what they were with Parent Averages alone. The general recommendations on using genomic sires applies when addressing daughter fertility – use many sires not just one or two.
So what is improved female fertility worth?
A definitive answer may not be available, but considering that for the average cow it starts when she is bred as a heifer and finishes when she has completed about three lactations. This, on average, covers about 54 months, and the total can mount up to a considerable amount from loss of revenue and added expense. If improving the genetics for female fertility in a herd could give you an added profit in a cow’s lifetime equivalent to the value of milk for half a lactation would it be worth putting more selection pressure of female fertility? I think it would.
Male Fertility
A.I organizations go to considerable effort to package the semen from each sire so the optimum conception rates can be achieved from that bull. High semen fertility is not a genetic measurement for male fertility but it has a very positive effect on herd profit. Dr Bob Welper of Alta Genetics estimates that in a 500 cow herd using somewhat below average bulls for Sire Conception Rate (SCR) compared to using bulls that are above average for SCR costs the breeder a minimum of $35,000 per year. Having six more pregnancies every twenty-one days, higher herd average production, less semen cost, less labor required and more calves in a year are where the added profits come from.
Perhaps a breeder’s semen tank should have a warning label that reads – “Warning- Semen put in this tank must be above average for conception rate and able to produce fertile female offspring”.
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Female fertility can no longer be ignored when selecting sires to use or cows that are to be the mothers of heifer calves. Many tools exist that assist with female reproduction on a farm however the use of genetically inferior animals for female fertility as the parents of the next generation is costing much more than we care to admit. In time there will no doubt be additional female genetic fertility index. The time to start using the current indexes is now. Big dividends await breeders who make the effort to use the current genetic tools for female fertility.
There are many ways to get from Point A to Point B whether you’re on the asphalt highway or the genetic highway. A genetic plan for your herd is like a GPS – it can help you reach your genetic destination faster, with fewer detours and more profit in your pocket. It really depends on picking the coordinates that mean the most to you.
Your Future Starts Now!
The time to put in place a genetic plan is now. The bulls used will be 90% of that plan in all but the very elite genetic herds. In those herds the emphasis will be 60% bulls and 40% females. Remember that with a four year average generation interval in a herd, it means that the bulls selected this month will form the base of the herd you are milking in four to five years time.
The Clock is Ticking!
Next week will be bull selection time again for dairy cattle breeders. It’s time to decide whether to stick with the same or similar bulls or is it time to chart a new course? Over the past few month The Bullvine has covered various breeding approaches covering the spectrum from a main focus on show winning animals such as Riverside Jerseys (Read more: Riverside Jerseys: Travelling Hearts – A Girl, A Guy and Their Jersey Love Story) to a very definite focus on functional profitable cows as selected at North Florida Holsteins (Read more: NORTH FLORIDA HOLSTEINS. Aggressive, Progressive and Profitable!!). Both these breeders have a dynamic plan and they follow it successfully. Both have secured a profitable pinnacle but there are many who struggle in various low points in between. We feel their struggle relates directly to herd genetics decision planning that is unfocused or not undertaken at all.
Where Has the Money Gone?
The premium for selling good quality purebreds no longer exists. The animals that formerly sold for $4,000 to $10,000 now bring just slight over the cost of raising them. The market for replacement cows is a fraction of what it once was. With the use of technology such as sexed semen and better herd management practices, herds that formerly bought replacements have enough of their own. The few they do have to sell contributes to lowering the market price for replacements.
On the bull side, indexes for young sires are now almost twice as accurate thanks to genomics. Fewer are being sampled and incentives for young sire use or price discounting of their semen have disappeared.
Show Money is a “No Show”
There once was a market for animals that could win the county show. Today, with 4H calves being one exception, the average milk producer have discontinued exhibiting cattle. At a practical level, the large tall show type animals aren’t the best fit for modern housing facilities. The trend is that show type farms will be a much smaller portion of national herds. Where once perhaps up to 20% of farms selected bulls based mainly on their PTAT or CONF proofs, that is likely to be one in a thousand farms within five years time. Selecting bulls only on their type indexes will not position breeders to generate a profit from cattle sales or to have efficient milk production.
Where is the Money Now?
Cattle sales once made up 10 to 30% of revenue for purebred breeders. Today the milk check is the key revenue source. The embryo market does not match former cattle sale levels. The most valuable animal on the farm is no longer the 4-5 year old brood cow but the high genomic indexing 6-8 month old heifer from a proven cow family. Buyers want first lactation females only. Second and later lactation females are suspected as being sold for a problem (i.e. high SCS). Commercial breeders are speaking out for efficient more agile cows with high yields. We can expect to see the trend for high prices for the genetically elite but after that there will be little or no premium pricing.
Put Your Money Where the Bull Is
If your farm’s primary focus is profit from efficient fat and protein production, then consider using NM$ as your primary selection index. Once you have a list of bulls over NM$ of 600 you can eliminate bulls from that list based on their inferiority for traits that you feel are important.
Using second tier bulls (gTPI below 2100, gLPI below 2500 or NM$ below 600), daughter proven or genomically tested, will not give you animals or a herd that are in demand by other breeders. Red adds little to a breeding program unless you can generate significant income from cattle sales. It would be a wise move to start using polled bulls on a portion of your herd. (Read more: Is Polled the NEW Red?) It is false economy to use anything but the top bulls. Don’t skimp when it comes to buying the semen from the top bulls for genetically advancing your herd. Do not be swayed by a salesperson. They are looking out primarily for their own bottom line. It only works if it’s right for your plan. Using the right bulls will drive up your revenue and keep costs due to genetic issues under control.
Healthy is Wealthy
Using bulls with breeding values in the bottom 60% of the population for Daughter Pregnancy Rate, Daughter Fertility, SCS, Productive Life and Herd Live (below 1.0 on USA indexes of below 105 on Canadian indexes) will mean that you are not advancing the genetic merit of your herd for these increasingly important traits as fast as your fellow breeders are. Today more accurate predictions are available on bulls for their daughters’ longevity, SCS and fertility, using genomic indexes. With the increasing number of animals per worker, there is less time for individual care. Genetic selection for better health and reproduction is high on the priority list. Feet and hoof care are receiving more management attention but on the genetic side this area needs more focus. Technology, equipment and management of herds are advancing all the time and health and reproduction needs to keep up. Never forget that animal treatment and welfare are also receiving more focus. Polled is going mainline and herds with lame animals will be centered out for negative attention. (Read more: From the Sidelines to the Headlines, Polled is Going Mainline!)
The Bullvine Bottom Line
Without clear thinking, five years from now you may find you haven’t made any forward genetic progress. Analyze your genetic program. If certain decisions you made in the past are no longer producing profitable results, then be ruthless, and move on to something better. Times have changed. Have you?
Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?
Want to learn what it is and what it means to your breeding program?
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Step Three – Check Every Animal Detail
