Archive for Breeding Strategy

From Passion to Prestige: Bel Holstein’s Journey to Becoming a European Dairy Powerhouse

Learn how Bel Holstein turned family love for cows into European dairy success. What hurdles did they overcome, and what’s their secret to thriving? 

Photo by Dominique Savary 

In the beautiful landscapes of Italy, where old traditions meet new ideas, the story of Bel Holstein unfolds like a well-aged wine—rich and celebrated. It all started from humble beginnings, with three brothers, Mauro, Giuseppe, and Piero. Driven by youthful dreams and the wise advice of their father, Renato, they embarked on a remarkable journey. Inspired by their family’s deep roots in caring for animals, they began participating in Holstein shows in the late 1980s. What started as a small effort soon became a mission that pushed them to the top of European dairy farming. Mauro remembers, “Our first heifer impressed everyone back in 1987, and that moment sparked a dream,” highlighting the early ambitions and bold moves of those early years. Through hard work, careful breeding, and a strong focus on quality, Bel Holstein symbolizes pride in Italy’s farming history. This success shows their dedication—a mix of family passion and industry skill that continually shapes the future of Holstein farming. This story isn’t just about farming; it’s about preserving a legacy and ensuring that every cow, show, and sale is marked by excellence.

A New Dawn in Dairy: From Piemontese Traditions to Holstein Triumphs

Bel Holstein’s story begins with a family known for breeding cattle, specifically the local Piemontese breed. This breed was once used for dairy and beef but is now only used for beef. In the early 1980s, the family started breeding Holsteins, motivated by ambition and the excitement of winning in dairy farming. 

This change came with challenges. Before the internet, the Bel family had to rely on magazines like the Holstein Journal to see the top cows from big contests like the Royal and WDE. Their efforts were driven by a genuine love for cattle and dreams of having a champion at the Cremona show, Italy’s top event for Holsteins. 

1987, their hard work paid off when they entered their first official Holstein show. Their debut was impressive as a Chairman’s daughter won her class, proving their careful breeding and preparation were successful. This win not only put Bel Holstein on the map but also confirmed the family’s belief in balancing show participation with commercial potential, as suggested by Renato. This first triumph marked the beginning of their respected place in Holstein breeding.

Family Harmony: The Heartbeat of Bel Holstein’s Success 

Mauro and daughter Greta Beltramino. (Photo Carl Saucier)

Bel Holstein’s story is a testament to the power of family, where everyone plays a crucial role in shaping the farm’s vision and executing its daily tasks. At its core are two brothers, not just passionate but also skilled, leading the farm into the future. One brother finds joy in working in the barn with the help of two workers and his daughter Greta, a sign of the new generation’s eagerness to learn. With assistance from his sons, Giulio, Paolo, and Andrea, the other brother manages the fields and the biogas plant, ensuring this vital part of the farm runs smoothly. Francesco, the eldest son, his girlfriend Chiara, and their cousin Cecilia take on the intricate task of clipping and fitting the cows—a skill passed down and improved each generation. This family’s dedication and love for their work are truly inspiring, serving as a beacon of hope for the future of dairy farming. 

Francesco Beltramino clipping at WDE Madison

It’s about more than today; Giuseppe, though not involved in day-to-day farm work, still shares his experience and contacts from around the world, providing vital continuity and strong ideas. Even those who don’t work daily, like his hardworking wife Barbara and their youngest daughter Emma, contribute during shows and when there are barn visits. This teamwork, blending youthful energy and experienced guidance, reflects the farm’s mission: to strive for excellence in dairy farming, staying strong and hopeful as agriculture evolves.

Giuseppe Beltramino Judging at 2017 Italian National Show

Giuseppe Beltramino Judging at the 2017 Italian National Show

Triumphs on the Global Dairy Stage: Bel Holstein’s Legacy of Excellence

Bel Holstein has made a name for itself nationally and internationally with impressive achievements at significant events like the Cremona Show and the Swiss Expo. The 2004 Cremona Show was pivotal, where Bel Mtoto Diana was crowned Grand Champion. This win, the highest honor at the show, showcased Bel Holstein’s intense breeding and dedication. Al-Pe Doriana won the Reserve Grand Champion title, proving its strength in Italian dairy circles and making a mark with its continuous high performance. 

Al-Pe Doriana

Al-Pe Doriana became a symbol of success, achieving an EX97 classification, which boosted Bel Holstein’s reputation for quality and reliability—a sign of trust for future buyers and partners—Fast-forward to the 2017 Swiss Expo, where their skill was recognized internationally. Winning Junior Champions in the Red & White and Holstein categories, Reserve Grand Champion, and Honorable Mentions showed their strength beyond Italy. 

These achievements are more than just trophies; they have helped Bel Holstein grow and increase their brand’s fame. As their reputation grew, so did their business opportunities, creating partnerships and entering new markets. These successes have made Bel Holstein a go-to name for international dairy colleagues and clients, all eager to connect with such a high-quality producer. Their commitment to developing champions ensures each show ring appearance catches the eye and sets up long-term success in dairy farming.

Resilient Roots: Navigating the Cycles of Dairy Farming with Bel Holstein

The dairy industry is fraught with surprises and difficulties that can test even the most experienced farmers. Bel Holstein’s ability to adapt and remain steadfast has seen them through these challenges. Over the years, they have navigated economic troubles, fluctuating milk prices, new technology, and rule changes. Yet, their approach has remained optimistic but cautious, blending hope with strategic planning. This resilience is a testament to their commitment to the industry and confidence in weathering any storm. 

When dealing with the ups and downs of dairy farming, Bel Holstein stays calm, not letting good or bad times affect their plans too much. This mindset is evident in their daily work and their plans for the future. They can adjust by using family and community support and trying new ideas, showing they understand how the industry changes. 

Du Bon Vent Inkapi EX-97-IT
Brawler x VG-85 Knowledge x Du Bon Vent Epopee VG-89-FR
Res. Sr. Champion & HM. Grand Champion Montichiari 2019
Grand Champion Verona Dairy Show 2022

Their success partly comes from watching industry trends while staying true to their traditional values. By building strong connections within their community and industry, Bel Holstein has shared and learned knowledge that helps them stay strong. This network, which includes other farmers, industry experts, and local authorities, also supports them during more considerable industry changes or local problems, like seasonal diseases or changing consumer habits. 

At the heart of Bel Holstein’s strength is their profound love for what they do. They are patient and determined, going above and beyond their daily tasks. They understand the importance of consistently caring for their cows, ensuring their health and productivity despite external pressures. This level of dedication is not just admirable. Still, it also sets a high standard for others in the dairy community, fostering a culture of respect and appreciation for the animals at the core of their livelihood.

The Art of Balance: Breeding for Beauty and Productivity at Bel Holstein

Bel Holstein’s breeding strategy is about creating beautiful and productive cows. This involves picking bulls that improve udders without going to extremes in production and type. By avoiding extreme traits, Bel Holstein keeps a herd that works well and looks good. They believe preparation for shows starts at birth, giving early care to calves so they perform well in milk production or the show ring. Their herd classification proves the success of their strategy, with 15 cows rated Excellent (EX) and 59 Very Good (VG), showing their focus on improving genetics and managing livestock

Bel Holstein is committed to balancing beauty with efficiency. They carefully pick bulls that enhance milk yield and cow shape. These bulls are chosen not for extreme production but for improving udder quality, which is crucial for a cow’s lifespan and productivity. However, there’s a challenge with excessive height, which can look impressive in shows but cause management issues. 

Finding this balance requires planning and continuous effort. By keeping a herd that shows ideal Holstein traits without losing function, Bel Holstein shows its dedication to careful breeding practices. By avoiding too much focus on height traits, they ensure the herd stays healthy and practical, keeping beauty and productivity together without one outshining the other.

Embracing the Human Element: Bel Holstein’s Commitment to Tradition in a Technological Age

While technology is changing dairy farming, Bel Holstein shows the value of traditional methods. While many farms use machines for milking and feeding, Bel Holstein relies on the skills gathered over many years. 

The choice to avoid advanced technology isn’t because technology is bad but because of the special connection between farmer and cow. Machines often need help to replace this connection. This approach emphasizes a key idea: human passion is key to excellence. 

Understanding animal behavior can be as insightful as using any digital tool. Bel Holstein believes machines can only replace the expertise gained from years of hands-on experience. This helps them effectively care for their cows and meet their needs with great understanding. 

At Bel Holstein, focusing on observing and engaging with the herd is central to their success. By sticking to these methods, they keep their herd healthy and productive. This shows that even in a high-tech world, human involvement is crucial for success in dairy farming.

𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐁𝐚𝐠𝟐 𝐓𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐆𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐚 𝐕𝐆𝟖𝟔 – A promising 1st calf from the family of the one and only 𝐷𝑢 𝐵𝑜𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑖 𝐸𝑋97!!

Bridging Tradition with Innovation: Bel Holstein’s Vision in the Evolving Italian Dairy Landscape

Bel Holstein stands firm at the crossroads of tradition and innovation in Italy’s dairy industry. The family is focused on a future where they can return to international events. These beloved fairs and shows provide more than competition; they offer essential networking and business opportunities. For Bel Holstein, visibility and reputation at these events highlight their exceptional breeding skills and excellent care practices. 

Bel Holstein’s goals extend beyond the show rings. In Italy, with its varied approaches to dairy farming, the farm envisions a future where both large operations and small farms prosper. This vision depends on adding value to each operation. Whether through direct milk product sales or enhancing their livestock and genetics, Bel Holstein is committed. 

It is key to maintaining their strong genetic portfolio. Bel Holstein breeds for both beauty and productivity, ensuring they meet the needs of local and international markets. Their dedication to improving their herd makes them a top contender in the dairy world

Bel Holstein also wants to strengthen ties with the global dairy community. New collaborations and learning opportunities will emerge as travel and events normalize post-pandemic. The family values knowledge from other respected breeders and sees this as a chance for shared growth and success. 

Bel Holstein blends tradition with ambition, valuing past practices while exploring new paths. Their lasting impact on dairy farming is not just based on past successes but also on a forward-thinking approach that embraces local traditions and global progress. 

𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐄𝐗𝟗𝟐, 3rd lactation 4 years old, in her working clothes! Esterina is a Chief granddaughter of 𝑃𝑜𝑧𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑎 𝐺𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑤𝑦𝑛 𝑆𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝐸𝑋94. Owned with Bag2 & All.Nure

Bold Aspirations and Formidable Resilience: Navigating Bel Holstein’s Future in Dairy Farming

Bel Holstein is looking towards the future with the same ambition that’s marked its past successes. Though it has faced global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and regional issues like the Blue Tongue disease, these experiences have only strengthened its resolve. It is eager to return to international shows and fairs, which will help it showcase its cattle and build essential business relationships. As these events happen regularly again, Bel Holstein aims to cement and grow its presence globally, showcasing cattle that excel in looks and production. 

Bel Holstein sees a bright future for dairy farming in Italy, with room for both large and small farms. Their focus is on adding value through high-quality genetics and excellent animals. By selling milk and their herd’s genetics, they stick to a model that values direct sales and show-quality animals. This approach helps them stay competitive in changing industry trends. 

For Bel Holstein, innovation isn’t just about new technology. It’s also about quality human interaction and skilled work. By maintaining their herd quality and engaging with the dairy community locally and internationally, they’re ready to adapt to the changing dairy landscape. They fine-tune their unique selling points, balancing tradition with modern farming needs. This strategy helps Bel Holstein stand out for sustainability, quality, and excellence in the Italian dairy sector and inspires their commitment to progress.

𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐆𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐕𝐆𝟖𝟕

𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐆𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐕𝐆𝟖𝟕

Guiding Stars: Mentorship and Legacy at Bel Holstein 

Mentorship has been crucial in shaping Bel Holstein’s journey, supporting its success, and encouraging new ideas. In their early years, Farm Alpag in Alessandria had a significant influence. Led by Luigi Manfredini, known for his attention to detail in show preparations, the Bel Holstein team learned the art of showing dairy cattle. These lessons in precision and dedication continue to guide their high standards today. 

Their talks with experts like Donald Dubois also provided valuable insights. Dubois was a respected figure in the industry, moving from fitter to judge. The Bel Holstein team admired his skills and dedication, which matched their values. His example highlighted the importance of expertise in every role, shaping their approach to caring for their cattle and the farm’s legacy. 

𝐉𝐀𝐂𝐎𝐁𝐒 𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐀𝐕𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀 𝐕𝐆𝟖𝟕 Bavaria is an Alligator, daughter of JACOBS HIGH OCTANE BABE EX96 that Bel Holsteins owns with Ferme Jacobs, Elmvue Farms and Cioli Farms!

Today, Ferme Jacobs is admired for its success in showings and farm operations. Their mix of new ideas and traditional values inspires Bel Holstein to achieve a similar balance of beauty and productivity. This effort aims not just for awards but also to improve their herd and farming practices

These mentors and herds teach Bel Holstein to respect tradition, embrace innovation, and strive for quality. Their lessons are reflected in daily work, from the barn to the field and on international stages, forming a legacy built on inspiration and hard work.

Navigating the Twin Pillars of Success in Dairy Showmanship and Sales

Aspiring dairy cattle breeders starting their journey in the busy world of cattle showing and marketing should listen to advice from years of hands-on experience. The key to success lies in showing and selling skills. These two aspects work together and are vital for your reputation and business. 

First, be ready to sell even your best animals. Keeping a flexible inventory is essential for your business and reputation. If a buyer offers a reasonable price, taking it can lead to good relationships and financial success. Each sale helps build your name in the industry. 

It’s also important that your show successes lead to broader recognition. Winning in the show ring is excellent, but the real work is ensuring your animals impress outside the ring, too. Every detail is essential, from preparation before the event to how your cattle look throughout the show. Please keep them in top condition so everyone, from other breeders to potential buyers, is impressed by their quality. This approach will strengthen your reputation and expand your influence in the dairy world, establishing you as a dedicated and skilled breeder.

BEL BYWAY CASHMERE EX 93 3*, Cashmere is a 5 years old Byway out of Du Bon Vent Inkapi EX97

Showcasing Excellence: Bel Holstein’s Global Dairy Impact Through Shows and Social Media

Shows have been crucial for Bel Holstein, highlighting their top-notch breeding skills and strengthening their reputation worldwide. Events like the Swiss Expo and the Cremona show have given them immediate attention from breeders, buyers, judges, and a wider audience through digital connections. These shows display Bel Holstein’s excellent cattle pedigree and preparation and reflect the expertise and commitment at the heart of their success. 

Social media has made this impact even bigger, turning these events into ongoing stories with real-time updates. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook allow Bel Holstein to share live events, stunning pictures of their award-winning cattle, and interesting stories that draw international audiences. This online presence helps them reach potential buyers and fans who might not know about them otherwise. 

Additionally, the personal connections made at these shows, where people share a passion for top-quality dairy cattle, often lead to lasting partnerships. These relationships go beyond simple transactions, creating networks that connect breeders, sellers, and global partners. These connections offer markets for cattle and shared knowledge and innovation, which are key to growing in a changing global dairy market

Ultimately, combining in-person showmanship with innovative social media use has boosted Bel Holstein’s profile, making it more marketable in a competitive field and strengthening relationships that enhance its business reach far beyond Italy’s borders. 

From L to R:Bel Boeing Gondola VG87 EX MS 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑦 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 2023, 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 2023 – Bel Hotline Georgia VG86 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑠𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜 2024 – Bel Chief Guendalina VG86 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑠𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜 2024 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 2023 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐽𝐶 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 2023

The Bottom Line

Bel Holstein has led Holstein breeding from humble beginnings on their family farm. Their journey shows the impact of passion, dedication, and a drive for excellence. With success at international shows and strong values, Bel Holstein offers essential lessons in perseverance and adaptation. 

Their story highlights the balance between traditional methods and modern innovation and the role of the family in building success. Bel Holstein excels in careful care and imaginative breeding, demonstrating the global reach of good marketing and participation in shows and online. 

As dairy farming changes, Bel Holstein reminds us that success relies on strong foundations of passion and commitment. Their legacy challenges us to consider how our goals can help shape the future of dairy farming. Tradition and progress will work together in the future, powered by a commitment to quality and excellence.

Key Takeaways:

  • Bel Holstein’s origin story is deeply rooted in family traditions, evolving from a predominantly Piemontese background to becoming a notable Holstein breeder.
  • Key family members contribute distinct roles, from barn management and fieldwork to show preparations and strategic business development.
  • Significant accomplishments include notable show victories and the development of high-ranking cows, providing substantial social proof within the industry.
  • Bel Holstein’s breeding strategy emphasizes a balance of beauty and productivity, focusing on udder improvement while avoiding extreme traits.
  • The farm adopts a traditional approach to operations, valuing hands-on work and animal care over technological solutions.
  • Future aspirations include expanding international recognition through participation in significant events and leveraging diversifying opportunities in the dairy industry.
  • Mentorship and learning from acclaimed breeders have been pivotal in shaping Bel Holstein’s breeding and show strategies.
  • Shows serve as a crucial platform for marketing and enhancing global recognition, with the added benefit of social media exposure.

Summary:

Bel Holstein is an Italian family-owned dairy farm that started in the late 1980s, driven by the passion of three brothers, Mauro, Giuseppe, and Piero, inspired by their father’s love for cattle. Today, it’s a leader in European dairy farming, focusing on breeding beautiful and productive cows. Despite challenges like COVID-19 and Blue Tongue disease, the farm remains dedicated to blending tradition with innovation in Italy’s dairy industry, adding value through direct milk product sales and enhancing livestock genetics. They aim to succeed by continuing their presence at international shows and fairs, all while ensuring quality and sustainability in the sector.

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Gary Bowers: Commitment to the Dairy Industry Driven, yet Humble and Grateful

Discover how Gary Bowers’ passion and innovation transformed Lencrest Jerseys and impacted global dairy farming.

In the vast world of dairy farming, success often results from hard work, dedication, and innovation. Gary Bowers of Lencrest Jerseys stands out, not for seeking attention, but for his modesty and letting his work speak for itself. From his early days with Lorne Ella at Rock Ella Jerseys to managing Ferme Bovi-Lact for George Despatie to the start-up of Lencrest Jerseys with a mere 17.08 kgs/fat/day of milk quota to completing a recent succession transfer to his daughter Melissa Bowers and son-in-law Philip Aitken of Lencrest de la Vallee currently operating with more than 170 kgs/fat/day of milk quota, Gary’s story is a testament to the power of endurance and a genuine passion for the art, science and business of dairy farming. Throughout 40 years, Gary has made specific and significant contributions to various levels of industry organizations, including a transformative role on the Semex Alliance Board, thereby leaving an indelible mark on the industry.

From the Fields of Milby 

From a very young age, Gary’s passion for dairy cattle and the industry was kindled at his grandfather’s Guernsey farm in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. He fondly remembers helping his Dad and Grandpa and could easily recall the names of many cows in the barn. His most cherished memory was going to get the cows with his Nana. However, a day that remains etched in his memory is when his Grandpa’s farm was sold to what is now the Milby Golf Course, as his father chose a different career path when Gary was just six years old. These early experiences, though challenging, profoundly impacted Gary and fueled his determination to return to the dairy industry, which would shape his career. Gary often reflects that his passion for farming began at a young age. That true knowledge comes from a willingness to learn from others. In his teens, he gained a wealth of knowledge about farming and hard work from the Township’s Jersey breeders, including Ross Powell of Broadvista Jerseys, Warren Ross’s Ayshires, and Keith McDonald at Bonnyburn Jersey Farm.

Mentorship and Milestones  

Within a few years, Gary journeyed to Ontario, where he had significant experiences with Bruce Mode at Bonnie Brae Ayrshires. Gary regards Bruce as one of the most skilled cowmen he has ever known. Sean McMahon of Shamrock Farms, not only his father-in-law but also a mentor, played a pivotal role in Gary’s life. Gary was fortunate to have Sean in his life for 20 years before his unexpected passing in 2003. “Sean and I could talk for hours about pedigrees, bulls, and the industry’s needs. We didn’t always see eye to eye, but we always found common ground in our love for farming and the Jersey cow.”

At the Rock Ella Review Sale, Gary made his first Jersey purchase, Rich Valley M Gem Velvet Velvet. This sale marked the end of a memorable period spent living and working with Lorne and his family. During this time, Gary honed his cattle fitting abilities, animal healthcare, understanding of pedigrees, and fieldwork.

From Rock Ella to Ferme Bovi-Lact in Quebec, Gary then spent ten years managing a Jersey herd for owner George Despatie. In the early days at Bovi-Lact, Gary worked alongside Lloyd Fanjoy (Heaven Hill). “Lloyd was such a cowman, the person who really taught me how to feed and care for calves,” Gary noted. Gary’s leadership enabled Bovi-Lact to become a leader in Jersey circles, including Grand Champion Cow and Premier Exhibitor at the Royal Winter Fair in 1985. “I am also proud to have led 6 Grand Champions at the Royal Winter Fair for family and a friend.” During those years, Gary collaborated with international marketing firms to sell and transport premium Jersey cattle to Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina’s developing markets. Gary exhibited at numerous local dairy shows as he started to promote the Jersey breed in his home province of Quebec, hoping to grow the herd numbers within that province.

Recognition and Integrity in Judging

As an official judge for Jerseys and Holsteins, Gary’s extensive experience is a testament to his comprehensive understanding of the subject and unwavering honesty in dairy cow appraisal. Over time, Gary has established a reputation for being a straightforward and fair judge of the animals presented in the ring. He has judged numerous local, provincial, and national shows, including the Royal Jersey Show in Toronto and many International dairy shows in South Africa, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Columbia, and many state shows in the United States. Gary was called upon to judge colored breeds and Holsteins and could provide reasons in English and French.

Gary’s involvement as an Associate judge for Ayrshires at the World Dairy Expo in Madison, Wisconsin, with his close friend, Dave Wallace, was a watershed moment in his judging career. Walking on the colored shavings of such a well-known show cemented Gary’s name in the judging circles.

In Australia, The Royal Easter Show’s innovative requirement for judges to show ranks for the Supreme Champion classes on a board and offer thorough explanations for their selections deeply impacted Gary. He firmly believes in this transparent system as it ensures accountability while limiting political influence. Gary’s perspective is based on the ideals of clarity and responsibility. He thinks that every judge must be willing to freely explain and defend their findings to preserve the process’s integrity and create confidence among breeders and exhibitors. Gary has raised the bar in the world of dairy judging by constantly recognizing and rewarding animal excellence fairly and openly, reassuring the audience about the fairness of the industry.

Friendship & Sales Management 

Gary was also deeply involved in sales management for consignment sales like the Royal Jersey Sale and herd dispersals such as Norval Acres, Piedmont, and Shamrock. He worked closely with the late David “Butch” Crack, an infamous auctioneer, as well as a lifelong friend, the late Richard Caverly. “Richard was a humble, hardworking, and knowledgeable cowman. We traveled to many North and South American dairy shows together, a true friend and mentor to youth in agriculture. I think we shared a bond we shared: his commitment to youth, his exceptional work ethic, and his love of great cows.”

It cannot go without saying that Gary’s business mentorship came from the owner of Ferme Bovi-Lact, George Despatie. George was a successful businessman and visionary in Montreal, Quebec. George led the way for Gary in industry involvement and change through leadership as an influential Jersey Canada Board member and President in his own right. George’s business and financial insight guided Gary’s early years in business management. During his time with Ferme Bovi-Lact, Gary began as a director in Jersey, Quebec (span of 24 years) and Jersey, Canada (9 years), where he served as President from 2000-2001.

Roles Beyond Jerseys

Further to his roles on the Jersey Quebec and Jersey Canada Boards of Directors, Gary Bowers continued his involvement in the dairy cattle improvement industry with roles on many Boards of Directors and committees. These included the Quebec Dairy Breeds Council (CQRL-14 years), the CIAQ AI Centre (15 years), the Semex Alliance (14 years), the Canadian Dairy Network(10 years), and the Dairy Farmers of Canada (5 years). In early 2000, Gary played a key role in establishing the Multi-Breed Classification Program in 2005. This program offered by Holstein Canada is an essential tool in evaluating dairy cattle.

During his early tenure on the Semex Board, decisions were made to bring about a seismic change to the Semex management team with the engagement of Paul Larmer as the new CEO in 2007. This shift ushered in a period of advancement that indelibly impacted the worldwide AI business. Gary was a part of the board at the Semex Alliance, serving two terms as President, who worked diligently through introductions to genomics, sexed semen, IVF, and streamlined efficiencies in bull housing. Semex worked to become a leading solutions-based genetics company, a world leader with increased market share and a solid reputation for Canadian genetics.

“Gary’s contribution to Semex’s success is important, as he helped develop and support the goal of Semex being a worldwide leader. He embraced and promoted fact-based risk while highlighting opportunities for improvement. Gary never allowed himself or others to accept the status quo. Instead, he supported change where and when it was required. This earned him the tremendous trust and respect he deserves,” says Semex’s Paul Larmer.

Bowers’ position on the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN) board demonstrated his expertise in genetics and drive for improvement. Genomic evaluations for males and females were introduced during this time, and the Pro$ index was created. Near the end of Gary’s tenure, he laid the groundwork for the eventual merger of CDN, Can-West DHI, and Valacta, bringing DairyTrace into the fold under one umbrella known as Lactanet today.

His participation on the Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC) board demonstrated his dedication to the dairy industry. Bowers was named to the ProThe action committee and worked on specifics for animal welfare, biosecurity, traceability, and environmental stewardship. This level of involvement was amongst breeders, processors, industry leaders, and politicians. The goal was always to move towards a sustainable Canadian dairy industry.

In 2024, Gary was honored to receive the Dairy Industry Distinction Award from Lactanet.

Breeding Strategy: Blending Tradition with Innovation

Gary Bowers’ breeding strategy combines conventional dairy excellence with cutting-edge genetic innovations. Over the years, he has expertly blended the traits of high-quality show cows with the economically advantageous features necessary for increased milk production. Early in his career, Gary concentrated on raising cows that could compete and stand out at shows. This emphasis on show-type cows resulted in several awards and a thorough grasp of what made a cow a top contender. Recognizing the changing needs of the dairy business, Gary modified his breeding approach in the early 2000s to focus on improved production and herd longevity. This change was necessary partly due to the shift in the live cattle market with BSE in 2003 and the demands for a financial balance sheet that had long-term stability. During this time, Gary also increased his active promotion of the Jersey breed within the province of Quebec through commercializing Jersey animals, whether Lencrest or others. Gary always wanted cows to do well and perform for others and often mentored and advised those new to the Jersey breed. This approach was suitable for both the breed and the domestic market. This grassroots work remains vital to Gary as the front line of the dairy industry is the dairy farm and its people.

Gary invested strategically in a Duncan Belle granddaughter, Piedmont Declo Belle EX94 22*, dam of Lencrest Blackstone and Lencrest On Time. Declo Belle produced 38 offspring for Lencrest. This brood cow was a long-standing #1LPI cow in Canada and Intermediate Champion at the Royal Winter Fair and All-Canadian Junior 3 in 2003.

Lencrest Cocopuf

Another key investment was the granddaughter of JIF Little Minnie EX96 4E 12*, a two-time Royal Champion. This granddaughter, Select-Scott Salty Cocochanel EX94, was also an All-Canadian Junior two-year-old. Descendants of Cocochanel have the biggest influence in the herd today, with names such as Lencrest Cocopuff EX93-3 E 4* and some of her sons including Lencrest Artemis, Lencrest Caspian, Lencrest Broadband-P and Lencrest Contour. Lencrest Cocopuff was an 18-time # 1 GLPI cow in Canada. Cocopuff’s granddaughters hold the current #1 GPA LPI position in Canada for heifers under nine months of age and the current #1, 2 & 6 position in Canada for heifers over nine months of age.

The investment in another maternal line of Responses Farren, Hauptre Blair Famous, stands out in today’s herd with Lencrest Premier Farren, dam of the bull Lencrest TobeFamous. 

Gary expressed the need for balanced breeding, production, and type, a total concept approach in which high genetic index, such as the LPI (Lifetime Performance Index) and Pro$ (a measure of genetic merit for profitability), are examined alongside robust type features. TODAY – of the Top 50 Jersey Heifers over nine months for GPA LPI – 38% of them are either of Lencrest prefix, sired by a Lencrest bull, or have a Lencrest maternal grand-sire.

Paving the Path to Technological Advancement

With the development of a succession plan, Gary knew the original home farm of Lencrest would not meet the needs for growth to a herd size that would match trends for viability in the growing dairy economy. A nearby farm with a greater quota base and building infrastructure that could support a shift to robotic milking without investing in brand-new facilities was acquired. Again, the key was to innovate and grow in the most efficient way possible for his family’s business needs. Gary Bowers has always been a visionary in the dairy sector, looking for ways to enhance efficiency and output via technical innovations.

Robotic milking systems are one of the most noteworthy technical advancements. Gary, Maureen, daughter Melissa, and son-in-law Phillip saw the need for change in their operation. They welcomed this new technology to ensure the long-term viability of their dairy operation. This technology, along with regular quota purchases, has allowed for the development of the herd size without extensive labor needs, all while improving efficiency in herd management, milk quality, and financials.

Phillip’s technological knowledge is critical for developing and maintaining the robotic systems and on-farm reporting. His experience with GPS systems and precision agricultural equipment has been essential.

Melissa’s expertise in genetics, on-farm technologies, and business brings innovation and continues to drive the Lencrest breeding program. These factors result in the ultimate and necessary goal of economic viability. This joint effort among family members demonstrates how adopting technology may result in substantial breakthroughs and operational success in contemporary dairy farming.

Words of Wisdom

Gary Bowers offers some wise words for young individuals entering the dairy sector. He argues that knowing the industry is vital. Gary elaborates, “It is important to know domestic markets and understand the global milk industry. My travels abroad helped me to understand not only elements linked to breeding and genetics but also to the global milk economy. You need to know where your milk’s going and be aware of the entire ecosystem that supports dairy farming.”

Financial knowledge is another critical component of success. Gary pushes for a good company strategy that includes thorough financial plans. He feels that understanding economic systems is essential to guaranteeing long-term profitability and resilience, particularly given the volatility of agricultural markets. “You have to be astute in business and know how to manage your finances, investments, and operational costs,” Gary tells The Bullvine.

Gary’s advice, however, places a significant emphasis on enthusiasm. “You need a genuine love for dairy farming to sustain the demanding workload and overcome inevitable challenges,” he says. This enthusiasm feeds everyday operations and promotes continual learning and innovation, assuring the farm’s growth and success.

Gary’s thoughts provide a road map for young individuals joining the dairy sector. He urges students to be well-rounded professionals equally comfortable with financial spreadsheets, milking systems, and cow comfort/care while cultivating a great passion for their work. “Without passion, the hours are too many, and the work is too hard,” he continues, emphasizing the significance of putting one’s heart into the operation and the sector.

The Bottom Line

Gary Bowers’ experience in the dairy business exemplifies the power of devotion, ingenuity, and an unwavering pursuit of improvement. Gary has continually exemplified what it means to lead by example, beginning on his grandfather’s Guernsey farm and culminating in his crucial role in modernizing industry boards of directors. Gary’s efforts for the Jersey cattle sector resonate across continents, demonstrating his worldwide significance. His foresight in using robotic milking and his approach to farming have taken Lencrest Jerseys to new heights, demonstrating the value of combining tradition and innovation. The Bowers Family’s ongoing dedication to dairy excellence exemplifies the qualities Gary exhibited — hard labor, creativity, and a genuine enthusiasm for the sector.

Through all these connected experiences within the dairy industry, Gary is mostly grateful for the people he has met and collaborated with, including industry professionals and the many hardworking dairy cattle breeders across the Canadian landscape and worldwide.

Key Takeaways:

  • Gary Bowers’ journey epitomizes dedication and passion in the dairy farming industry, from his early days on his grandfather’s farm to modernizing industry boards.
  • His mentorship by prominent figures in dairy farming helped him accumulate vast knowledge and experience, which he later applied to his multiple roles and awards.
  • Gary’s career includes significant contributions to the Jersey breed, international judging assignments, and influential roles within industry organizations.
  • Under Gary’s leadership, Lencrest Jerseys transitioned from a small operation to a thriving, technologically advanced dairy farm, now managed by his family.
  • His balanced approach to breeding, combining show-quality traits with productive features, helped elevate the Jersey breed’s standards in Canada.
  • Gary’s work at Semex Alliance, including introducing genomics and sexed semen, significantly impacted the global AI industry.
  • His financial acumen, strategic mindset, and embracing of technological innovations ensured the long-term sustainability and economic viability of Lencrest Jerseys.
  • Gary’s advice to newcomers stresses the importance of financial knowledge, global market awareness, and a deep passion for dairy farming to achieve success.

Summary:

Gary Bowers’ story is one of dedication, innovation, and resilience in the expansive realm of dairy farming. Gary exemplifies commitment without seeking the limelight from his humble beginnings at his grandfather’s farm to his significant influence on industry organizations such as the Semex Alliance Board. His work at Lencrest Jerseys—starting from just 17.08 kgs/fat/day of milk quota and growing to over 170 kgs/fat/day—reflects his unrelenting passion and strategic vision. The success of Gary’s endeavors extends to the recent succession of the farm to his daughter Melissa and son-in-law Philip, ensuring a legacy of excellence in the dairy industry. Over the past 40 years, Gary has judged numerous local, provincial, and national shows, promoting the power of endurance, dedication, and innovation. His breeding strategy at Lencrest blends high-quality show cows with economically advantageous features for increased milk production. Gary emphasizes the need for balanced breeding, production, and type, with 38% of the Top 50 Jersey Heifers over nine months being either of the Lencrest prefix, sired by a Lencrest bull, or having a Lencrest maternal grand-sire.

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Heifer Shortage Crisis: Why Dairy Farmers Are Struggling Despite Soaring Milk Prices

Uncover the surprising reasons behind the heifer shortage hitting dairy farmers hard, even as milk prices soar. Will they be able to solve this issue and expand their herds? Find out more.

Milk prices are at their highest in years, but dairy producers face an unanticipated catastrophe. It feels like a contradiction. Despite good on-farm margins and lower feed costs, dairy farmers face a huge challenge: a severe shortage of heifers and young cows for future milk production. This shortfall is more than a mere inconvenience; it alters dairy producers’ plans and choices throughout the country. The market has been delivering a clear message: produce more milk. But what can farmers do when the appropriate livestock are not available? In the following parts, we’ll examine the causes of the heifer scarcity, its influence on the dairy business, and whether current high prices can reverse the situation.

MonthHeifers Sent to Beef Packinghouses (thousands)Average Price per Heifer ($)Milk Yield Trend (compared to previous year)
September 202328.62,950Stable
December 202325.43,000Stable
March 202423.13,200Slight Decrease
June 202421.13,300Decrease
July 202420.73,350Decrease

Economic Highs and the Surprising Heifer Dilemma: What’s Holding Dairy Farmers Back?

Dairy producers are enjoying some of the most favorable economic circumstances in years. Lower feed costs and predictable milk profits enable farmers to pay off debt and save for the future. This stability has arrived at a critical moment, providing a much-needed cushion against previous financial strains.

But it does not end there. The market is indicating that it’s time to increase the milk supply. The temptation to produce more milk is straightforward, with prices hovering around $20 per hundredweight. Farmers are prepared and eager to satisfy this demand, but a significant impediment is the heifer scarcity.

Scarcity Strikes: How the Heifer Shortage is Undermining Dairy’s Economic Boom

The heifer shortage has struck the dairy sector hard, challenging the momentum of recent economic highs. This shortfall has worsened since September when dairy companies looking to increase their herds encountered a shortage of heifers. The shortage caused them to rethink their strategy: fewer cows were transferred to beef packinghouses, and less productive milk cows were retained longer than usual.

This shift is evident in the stark numbers: from September 2023 to June 2024, dairy farmers sent 286,100 fewer milk cows to beef packinghouses than the previous year. Initially, this technique seemed practical since U.S. milk output stayed consistent throughout the autumn and winter. However, the consequences have now become apparent.

The most recent Milk Production report reveals milk yields at or below year-ago levels in two-thirds of the 24 central dairy states, including areas unaffected by exceptional weather circumstances. This pattern highlights heifers’ crucial role in maintaining and increasing milk output. The lack of heifers and the dependence on less productive cows are already noticeably lowering milk output, posing a challenge for farmers looking to capitalize on good economic circumstances.

Rising Heifer Prices Aren’t Just a Headline: The Operational Burden for Dairy Farmers

YearHeifer Price (per head)
2018$1,500
2019$1,750
2020$2,000
2021$2,200
2022$2,500
2023$2,800
2024$3,075

Rising heifer prices are more than just a headline; they are a significant issue for many in the dairy business. Last week, the top 25 springers sold for between $3,000 and $3,300 per head at the monthly auction in Pipestone, Minnesota. It wasn’t simply a regional increase; top-quality Holstein springers averaged $3,075 at the monthly video auction in Turlock, California. These statistics are startling when considering how they will affect your operation’s finances.

Imagine planning a herd expansion only to discover that heifers suddenly cost thousands more than expected. The financial hardship is confirmed. Higher heifer prices raise starting expenses, forcing many companies to reconsider their breeding strategy or postpone growth plans entirely. Although milk sales remain stable, rising expenditures make it difficult to invest for the future or pay off debt.

With beef prices high, many people turn to hybrid dairy-beef calves for a more immediate cash source. This technique provides a faster financial return but needs to address the long-term need of keeping a healthy milking herd. It’s a difficult decision: spend substantially now with uncertain future profits or capitalize on the present meat market for faster gains.

The problem is more than statistics; it is about planning for sustainability in a volatile business. Your ability to handle these complex dynamics will influence the future of your operations, so it is vital to be aware and adaptive.

Why Are Dairy Producers Leaning Towards Crossbred Dairy-Beef Calves? 

Why do dairy farmers choose crossbred beef calves over conventional dairy heifer ones? The solution rests in irresistible economic incentives. Crossbred calves may provide more immediate cash, frequently commanding $200 to $400 more than purebred Holsteins. This quick income is a game changer for dairy producers wanting to secure their finances in an ever-changing market.

However, the value of dairy heifers remains variable. Investing resources in growing replacement calves is a long-term risk, with no certainty that these heifers will be worth the high price when ready to join the milking herds. In contrast, revenue from beef calves is immediate and guaranteed, making it a less hazardous and more tempting choice for farmers. The quick financial gain from beef calves helps dairy producers navigate a volatile sector, maintaining a consistent revenue stream even when prices move.

Traditional Breeding Battles Modern Economics: A Minority’s Approach to Sustaining Heifer Supplies

Surprisingly, a small number of dairy farmers are adopting a more conventional strategy for breeding, focused on maintaining appropriate heifer headcounts to support their herds. These farmers recognize the long-term importance of a consistent supply of replacement heifers, even if it means preceding some immediate revenue from crossbred dairy beef calves. However, these changes are minor enough to reduce the overall heifer shortfall significantly. The financial incentives for generating crossbred calves are too appealing, causing most dairy producers to prefer quick, consistent revenue above long-term profits. As a result, even those who return to conventional breeding need to produce more heifers to alter total heifer availability. This circumstance exacerbates the current shortage, highlighting the intricate economic calculations dairy farmers must make in a volatile business.

Future Focus: Will Short-Term Gains Trump Long-Term Stability in Dairy Farming? 

The present breeding practices and prolonged heifer deficit are expected to have long-term consequences for the dairy business. These trends pose severe concerns regarding the sustainability and efficiency of dairy production. Will the quick profitability from crossbred dairy-beef calves balance the long-term advantages of ensuring enough heifer supplies? This problem has the potential to influence breeding methods significantly.

Due to present economic incentives, dairy farmers progressively leaning toward crossbreeding may see their choice becoming a standard practice. The guaranteed income from cattle calves offers a lifeline in an unstable industry. However, this change may accidentally diminish the total dairy cow herd, reducing milk production capacity and increasing reliance on shifting market circumstances for beef.

Suppose heifer prices remain low to encourage a return to conventional breeding. In that case, the business may progressively migrate toward farms specializing in beef-dairy hybrids. This trend may cause dairy farm operations to prioritize short-term profitability over long-term herd growth, thereby changing the farming environment.

Furthermore, dairy producers that oppose this tendency and continue with conventional breeding may find themselves in a unique situation. If heifer prices finally line with the risks and expenditures connected with their growth, these farmers might reap significant benefits. They may become major competitors in a market desperate for high-quality dairy cows, resulting in a competitive but more stable economic climate.

Finally, the endurance of these present breeding tendencies may signal substantial changes in dairy farming operations. Whether this results in a widespread move toward crossbred beef-dairy herds or a return to conventional breeding, today’s actions will influence the industry’s future. Dairy producers must balance immediate financial rewards and long-term herd viability when analyzing breeding options.

The Bottom Line

As we handle increasing heifer pricing and the transition to hybrid dairy-beef calves, it’s clear that dairy producers have a distinct set of issues. Despite having the highest on-farm margins in years, the heifer scarcity threatens long-term viability. While some ranchers continue to use conventional breeding techniques, most find the instant money from beef calves too appealing. This delicate balance between short-term profits and long-term stability will dictate dairy farming’s future. Will the heifer scarcity cause a significant shift in dairy production practices?

Key Takeaways:

  • Feed costs have decreased, and milk revenues remain stable, improving on-farm margins.
  • There is a significant shortage of heifers, driving prices to between $3,000 and $3,300 per head.
  • High beef prices incentivize dairy farmers to produce crossbred dairy-beef calves instead of purebred heifers.
  • From September 2023 to June 2024, 286,100 fewer milk cows were sent to beef packinghouses than the previous year.
  • Milk production has decreased in 16 of the 24 largest dairy states, affecting long-term herd management.

Summary:

Dairy farmers enjoy unprecedented on-farm margins thanks to reduced feed costs and stable milk revenues, but a significant heifer shortage hinders increased milk production. With heifer prices soaring—last week, the top 25 springers ranged from $3,000 to $3,300 per head at the monthly sale in Pipestone, Minnesota—and beef prices at record highs, many farmers are opting for crossbred dairy-beef calves, which offer a more immediate and reliable revenue stream. From September 2023 to June 2024, 286,100 fewer milk cows were sent to beef packinghouses, while milk yields are below year-ago levels in 16 of the 24 largest dairy states, complicating long-term herd management strategies.


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Sire vs. Dam – Which has a Greater Impact on Your Herd’s Genetic Improvement?

Too many people say that dairy breeding is an art. If they manage their herds this way, they will be unable to compete in an industry that grows with science. Art places value on the ‘family’ and sees both parents contributing equally shared value to their offspring. In practicing the science of dairy cattle breeding parents are not equal when it comes to which one is the most important when deciding upon a herd’s genetic improvement plan (Read more: What’s the plan? And Flukes and Pukes – What Happens When You Don’t Have a Plan, and Pick The Right Bull – Your Future Depends on The Decisions You Make Today!).

3 Factors Determine Genetic Advancement

On a simplified basis, the rate of genetic advancement in a dairy herd is primarily a function of three factors: 1) the superiority of parents; 2) the accuracy of the parent’s genetic indexes and 3) the generation interval expressed as the time between the birth of the parent to the birth of the calf. Dairy cattle breeders have, in the past, placed a priority on intense selection, but today with genomic information generation interval is necessary.

Four Pathways for Improvement

In a population of dairy cattle there are four groups, commonly called transmission pathways that are considered when determining the overall population rate of improvement. These pathways are: 1) the Sires of Bulls (SB); 2) the Sires of Cows (SC); the Dams of Bulls (DB); and the Dams of Cows (DC). Breeders do not have equally accurate information on each pathway and definitely do not apply equal selection intensity for each pathway.

Which Breeding Scheme is the Best?

The following table outlines the importance of the different pathways for three improvement schemes when animals are ranked and selected using total merit indexes like TPI, NM$ and LPI.

Comparison of Genetic Improvement Schemes

Pathway Selection % Accuracy Generation Interval Relative Emphasis
1. Traditional Progeny Testing Program
Sires of Bulls (SB) 5 0.99 7 44%*
Sires of Cows (SC) 20 0.75 6 22%
Dams of Bulls (DB) 2 0.6 5 31%
Dams of Cows (DC) 85 0.5 4.25 3%
Relative Total Merit Genetic Gain per Year = 100%
2. Genomic Testing Program
Sires of Bulls (SB) 5 0.75 1.75 34%
Sires of Cows (SC) 20 0.75 1.75 23%
Dams of Bulls (DB) 2 0.75 2 40%*
Dams of Cows (DC) 85 0.5 4.25 3%
Relative Total Merit Genetic Gain per Year = 185% to 200%
3. Genomic Testing Program with IVF
Sires of Bulls (SB) 5 0.75 1.75 30%
Sires of Cows (SC) 10 0.75 1.75 20%
Dams of Bulls (DB) 2 0.75 2 36%*
Dams of Cows (DC) 10 0.62 2 14%
Relative Total Merit Merit Genetic Gain per Year = 225% to 250%

* Pathway of most importance The Bullvine appreciates the assistance of Dr. Larry Schaeffer, University of Guelph, in providing information for the above  table. Further details can be found in Dr. Schaeffer’s 2006 paper “Strategy for applying genomic-wide selection in dairy cattle,” Volume 123 of Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics.

Progeny Testing has Served Breeders Well

Breeders have been successful when they used the results of the traditional A.I. progeny testing programs. That is when only elite sires are used to produce bulls (SB) for progeny testing, each year newly proven sires are used to produce the heifer calves (SC), Dams of Bulls (DB) are elite indexing milking females and the bottom 10-15% of the cows in the herd are not used to produce replacement heifers. (Read more: Why you should get rid of the bottom 10% and  8 Ways DNA PROFILING Your Whole Herd Will Improve Your Breeding Program) most important pathway, by quite a distance, is the Sires of Bulls (SB) at 44%. Combined the sire pathways (SB & SC) account for 66% of the total genetic progress. That is opposite to what many breeders say ‘Sires are not as important as cow families. The cow family, in a herd, dominates.’

Genomics gives 185 – 200%

Over the past five years, breeders have become familiar with the program whereby the genomic indexes on young animals are used for animal selection.  Even though this program is much discussed, it has been implemented on less than 10% of the farms in North America. In Holsteins, less than 7% of calves registered are genomically tested. Breeders are obviously not confident with the lower accuracies and the much shorter generation intervals. So let’s dig deeper to see what the facts are when it comes to rates of genetic improvement. With the genomics program the relative importance between pathways shifts to where the Dams of Bulls (DB), at 40%, is the most important followed next by the Sires of Bulls (SB) at 34%. Again in this program, as in progeny testing, very limited selection pressure is applied to Dams of Cows (DC), pathway resulting in only 3% of the total progress. The relative ratios of improvement from sire and dam pathways is 57:43. The telltale important fact is that by using a genomic program the rate of annual genetic gain is 185% to 200% of what can be achieved by using the traditional progeny testing program. Another important difference between these two programs is that considerable money can be saved by only having to progeny test less than half as many young bulls with the genomic testing program.

Adding IVF gives 225 – 250%

Some breeders add IVF to their genomic selection program however due to costs and the challenge of mating carefully to avoid inbreeding it is not for everyone. The accuracies of this program match those of the genomic testing program, but the selection intensities are increased for the Sires of Cows (SC) pathway and greatly increased for the Dams of Cows (DC) pathway. For all pathways the generation intervals are short, something many breeders state as being a concern.  These farms use IVF on maiden heifers to produce all of the next generation of animals. Again the most important pathway is the Dams of Bulls (DB) at 36%.  However, the differences between emphasis on the pathways is narrowed. The ratio of emphasis sires to dams is 50:50. Farms employing this program can have annual rates of genetic gain of 225% to 250% compared to what is possible for herds using a progeny testing program. To fund this more expensive program breeders often sell surplus embryos or animals.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Determining which parent pathway is the most important rests with which testing and selection program a breeder wants to follow. For breeders using the traditional progeny testing program by far the most important animals are the sires of the young bulls (SB) that enter A.I. progeny testing programs. For breeders wanting to advance their herds at a faster rate by using the less accurate genomic information and shorter generation intervals, the dams of the bulls (DB) is the most important pathway. No matter which program a breeder chooses it is important to have a plan and always use the best available animals.

 

 

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Who Said You Can’t Breed For Higher Fertility?

If you were to describe the perfect program to achieve top female fertility in your herd, what would it be? Would your program include heifers calving at 22 months of age and every 11-13 months thereafter until lifetime production reaches 275,000 lbs (125,000 kgs) of milk? For decades breeders have heard that they can’t breed for fertility. It’s all management and nutrition. Well that story is changing. Let’s examine how genetics can play a role in improved fertility in a herd.

The Current Scenario

The CDCB (Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding) has summarized the following current reproduction information on the current US dairy cattle.

  • Holstein cows take 2.5 breedings per conception. Jerseys take 2.2.
  • Holstein cows average 80 days in milk before they are bred. Jerseys average 77 days.
  • Average calving interval for Holstein cows that calve back is 13.8 months. Jerseys average 13.0 months.
  • Average conception rate for Holstein cows is 32%. Jerseys average 41%.
  • Average age at first calving in Holsteins is 26 months. Jerseys average 23.5 months.

These stats for Holsteins and Jerseys are provided for breeders to benchmark their herds, not to start a breed war. In five years’ time even if a Holstein herd was able to achieve the current Jersey average it will not be good enough. The three biggest factors that stand out from these stats and that are in need of correction are: 1) days to first breeding; 2) number of breedings before conception; and 3) age at first calving.

As it turns out the reproductive performance of North American dairy cows and herds reached their lowest level in 2007 and since then there has been minor genetic improvement.

Source: CDN – March 2010 – A Look at Fertility from Two perspective

Source: CDN – March 2010 – A Look at Fertility from Two perspective

Breeders Must Address Fertility

An attitude shift is needed. We must move from tolerance of fertility to awareness that genetics plays a role. Not all breeders have accepted the need for change. The Bullvine analysed the sires with the most progeny registered with Holstein US over the past two weeks and found that nine, yes nine, of the top twenty had negative genetic ratings for Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR). In fact two sires had significant negative ratings of -2.5 and -3.5. In addition four of the twenty had only slightly positive ratings. In total 13 of the top 20 sires were not breed improvers for DPR. That is significant!

Some breeders have paid attention to the management side of fertility and have increased their pregnancy rate by aggressive heat detection, by using professional A.I. reproduction specialists (Read more: Artificial Insemination – Is Doing It Yourself Really Saving You Money?) by installing heat detection devices or by using hormone level monitors (Read more: Better Decision Making by Using Technology). However from the latest reports from milk recording, half the herds have a pregnancy percent of less than 15%. And only 10% of herds have a pregnancy rate of 21% or more. Clearly more attention needs to be paid to getting cows and heifers pregnant.

Genetic Tools to Aid with Fertility

Daughter Pregnancy Rate (USA) and Daughter Fertility (Canada) are the primary genetic evaluation ratings to use when selecting for improved female fertility. These indexes are created using data from insemination, milk recording and type classification.

However there are eleven other genetic ratings that have some influence on reproduction. Individually they may not be significant but collectively they can contribute to reproductive problems or solutions.

  • Calving Ease – difficult births delay cows coming into heat
  • Maternal Calving Ease – normal delivery benefits – cow, calf and staff
  • SCC – cows with mastitis are less likely to conceive
  • Feet – problem cows are not mobile and do not show heats
  • Rear Legs Rear View – cows that toes out are not as mobile
  • Milk Yield – high milk yield stresses cows. Breed for high fat and protein yields on lower volumes of milk.
  • Body Condition Score – high yielding cows that retain body condition are more fertile
  • Persistency – high lactation yielding cows that have flatter lactation curves put less strain on their bodies
  • Inbreeding – inbreeding negatively affects reproduction
  • Haplotypes – information is now coming available to show that certain haploids hinder reproduction
  • Semen Conception Rate – although not a genetic rating, low fertility semen should be avoided

Those are the tools available today. We can expect that, with the current research into genomics and reproduction, there will be new ratings to assist with breeding more reproductively sound animals in the future.

Selection Matters

The Bullvine recommends that after breeders short list the sires they intend to use that they eliminate sires that do not have a DPR over 1.0  or a DF over 103. Yes, female fertility is included in TPI, NM$ and LPI but the emphasis on fertility in these total merit indexes is not high enough to result in major genetic improvement for fertility. The following lists of bulls are examples of bulls that significantly improve total merit as well as female fertility.

Table 1 Top Ranking US Sires by Daughter Pregnancy Rate

Top Ranking Sires by Daughter Pregnancy Rate

Table 2 Top Ranking CDN Sires by Daughter Fertility

Top Ranking CDN Sires by Daughter Fertility

Action Plan

It is important for both herd viability and sustainability that the following steps be followed.

  1. Do not use bulls that are genetically inferior for reproductive traits.
  2. Genomically test heifer calves. Eliminate reproductively inferior cows and heifers.
  3. Include genomic reproductive information when correctively mating females.
  4. Use heat detection devices, hormone level monitoring equipment or intensive staff heat detection.
  5. Use herd management software and herd protocols to assist with reproductive management.
  6. Ensure that animal housing and animal grouping result in healthy animals
  7. Feed cows and heifers according to their performance and reproductive needs
  8. Employ staff training and education program for reproduction.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The genetic attention starting to be given to female reproduction on dairy farms is long overdue. The first step for breeders is to include reproduction in your herd genetic improvement plan (Read more: What’s the plan?). In as little as five years, by following a progressive proactive plan, breeders will significantly reduce their losses due to reproduction.

 

 

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