In the glitzy world of the Grammys and Oscars, an unexpected topic of discussion emerged – Ozempic, a drug designed to suppress the appetite. It belongs to the semaglutide class of GLP-1 drugs, which are primarily used to treat Type 2 diabetes by regulating blood sugar. Experts estimate that about 5% of Americans use a GLP-1 drug, but those using Ozempic strictly for weight loss make up an even smaller portion of the population. 

According to Darren Seifer from Circana, approximately 30% of Americans have expressed interest in the drug, but its accessibility is currently limited. The steep cost of a prescription, around $1,000 per month, means that only consumers with disposable income or those who benefit from a co-pay arrangement through a prescription can afford sustained usage. However, should the drug become more affordable and approachable, it’s something marketing and retail companies need to keep on their radars. 

“Until then, it is too early to predict changes in food retail sales associated with Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs.” – Darren Seifer, Circana

Findings from research conducted by Seifer’s company, The New Consumer, revealed something interesting. Surveyed Americans across all age groups, excluding Gen Z, expressed a desire to be 25% healthier. This is hardly surprising given the fact that 40% of adult Americans are dealing with obesity. 

‘Longevity’ may be a growing buzzword, but it opens up discussion about the necessity of drugs to achieve a healthier weight. Do these medications promote wellness, replace healthier lifestyle practices, or draw concerns about long-term effects? It emphasizes the need for individuals to consult with medical professionals when considering a new medication and highlights the value of integrating all forms of healthy habits into their daily routines for optimal wellness results. Hopefully, this includes indulging in a healthy serving of nutritious dairy products.

Although it’s a bit early to discern the full impact of GLP-1 drugs on consumer habits, their usage might indeed boost the dairy industry. Dairy foods, with their high protein content and an abundance of essential nutrients, could be a prime choice for those using Ozempic. They’re seeking fulfilling, health-focused food purchases, and dairy certainly fits the bill. 

Snack food companies, on the other hand, might need to think about a rebrand or introducing options with smaller portions. If the Ozempic trend becomes dominant, there’s a chance consumers will move away from tempting, fast-fix options. This was a sentiment agreed upon by Dan Frommer, a co-guest on the podcast, who believes it’s too early to forecast the changes in food retail sales tied to Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. 

Interestingly, Frommer referred to research conducted by his company, ‘The New Consumer’. The research shows that when faced with a choice between being 25% healthier or having a 25% higher income, Americans from all generations (except Gen Z) opted for better health. Given that around 40% of adult Americans are categorized as obese, this choice doesn’t surprise much. It does, however, highlight how severe the health situation is for many. 

“At the highest level, Americans are not well,” Frommer noted. Or to put it more plainly, a drug that can mitigate heart disease and weight gain can lead to longer lives – and that’s something society seems to be rooting for. 

Resorting to drugs to obtain a healthy weight makes for a profound statement about our society. Do these medicines foster wellness lifestyles, or do they replace them? What are the long-term effects, and does discontinuing the medication pave the way for regression? Frommer and Seifer stress that these questions need to be asked, even if answers are not immediately available. 

For those who necessitate the drug for medical reasons and experience relief, the reviews are almost universally positive. Always remember, everyone is unique, and any drug will affect each person differently. As you consider a new medication, it’s imperative to discuss your options with a medical professional and incorporate all forms of healthy lifestyle habits into your daily routine. This will hopefully include regular servings of nutritious dairy products.

Fairlife and The Coca-Cola Company have officially broken ground on a new state-of-the-art fairlife production facility in the Town of Webster, New York. The facility, which will serve as fairlife’s flagship Northeast location, represents a $650 million investment into the region and is expected to generate approximately 250 jobs in the greater Webster, New York, area. The dairy industry is a vital economic driver for New York state and represents its leading agricultural sector. The Town of Webster was strategically chosen by The Coca-Cola Company and fairlife teams for its proximity to the state’s best-in-class dairy co-operatives in the Rochester and Niagara regions.

The new facility will span 745,000 square feet and stand on a lot of approximately 110 acres. It will take in five to six million pounds of milk per day from local dairy farmers, which will help support ongoing local dairy farm jobs. The new facility will be optimized for sustainability, using improved efficiencies, new hardware, and better monitoring to lessen its environmental footprint. Specifically, the Webster facility will have technology that uses stormwater for irrigation and cooling; electric vehicle chargers and designated parking spaces; LED intelligent control lighting with clock times, delay timers, photocells, and occupancy sensors; and automatic conveyors and HVAC systems that switch off when not in use.

The production facility is anticipated to be operational starting in Q4 2025. Fairlife launched in 2012 with the belief that milk and its natural health benefits can be made even better. Today, the company leverages ultra-filtration to create great-tasting products that nourish consumers and fit into their modern lifestyles. With more than $1 billion in annual retail sales, fairlife offers a wide range of products including fairlife® ultra-filtered milk, Core Power® protein shakes, and fairlife® Nutrition Plan® meal replacement shakes.

The Coca-Cola Company has been a strategic partner to fairlife since it was launched in 2012, culminating with the company’s ultimate acquisition of fairlife in 2020. This proposed facility represents its ongoing investment in the continued growth of fairlife.

 Imagine being able to rapidly test animals for antibiotic treatments, efficiently and economically. Well, the team at Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR) has brought this vision to life. They’ve developed a groundbreaking method that permits immediate insight into antibiotic use. 

 Employing a nifty technique known as a ‘swipe sample’, the test evaluates a sample of an animal’s skin to establish the antibiotics administered, even if the treatment is already complete. The swift revealing of information doesn’t just stop there. The test, remarkably, can trace antibiotics on a molecular level in any material derived from animals. Think chicken treats! 

“The rapid test allows researchers to find traces of antibiotics at the molecular level, even in dead animal material like chicken treats. It provides immediate results and is an attractive alternative to expensive and slow laboratory tests on antibiotic residues in milk and meat.”

 This swift detection method also passes the affordability test. Who wouldn’t love an attractive alternative to costly, time-consuming laboratory tests on antibiotic residues in milk and meat? However, as promising as this sounds, it’s essential to note that the test isn’t completely ready for application in practice – yet. Researchers are still investigating if antibiotic traces can be transmitted to animals. 

 Yet, the potential of this innovation doesn’t just rest with antibiotics. The WFSR researchers also envision more captivating applications for these prompt tests utilizing similar technology. They could be instrumental in examining batches of raw animal feed materials for harmful fungi and toxins. A quick test done in the port could determine if the parties can immediately release feed based on favourable outcomes. 

 Intriguing, right? Couldn’t agree more. Here’s to revolutionizing, shaping, and improving the future of food safety. 

Get ready for a fish-out-of-water journey into the world of dairy farming with Emmy-nominated sketch comedian and actress Vanessa Bayer. Brought to you by U.S. dairy farmers, processors and importers, “Dairy Diaries” premieres on April 22 exclusively on the Roku Channel in the U.S. and takes viewers behind the scenes at Beck Farms, a fourth-generation dairy in upstate New York.

Dairy Diaries follows Bayer as she is thrust into the unfamiliar world of dairy farming at Beck Farms. Through Bayer’s experiences, viewers get an up-close look at the realities of modern dairy farming and the innovative sustainability and animal care practices shaping the industry’s future. From the journey of milk from farm to fridge to the role of dairy in fostering a healthier, more sustainable world, Dairy Diaries delivers laughs and an enlightening exploration of today’s modern dairy farm.

“As someone who consumes more dairy, and specifically cheese, than I’d like to admit, I wanted to learn about how milk gets from the farm to the store,” Bayer said. “I was particularly interested to hear how the industry is working to become more sustainable because obviously, we all gotta get moo-ving in that department! While I didn’t get as much free ice cream as I had hoped, I learned a lot, and I think the audience will as well.”

U.S. dairy is committed to leading innovations in new products, technologies and on-farm practices that will contribute to healthier people, planet and animals. Dairies such as Beck Farms have implemented closed-loop circular processes, using their cows’ manure to grow their feed on-farm, which reduces carbon emissions and helps ensure a legacy of sustainability for future generations. Thanks to increasingly modern and innovative dairy farming practices, the environmental impact of producing a gallon of milk has shrunk significantly, requiring 30% less water, 21% less land, and a 19% smaller carbon footprint than it did in 2007.

“We loved sharing our farm with Vanessa and are excited to share it with the world,” says Tyler Beck, owner of Beck Farms. “We hope Dairy Diaries shows the great pride we take in our responsibility to nourish families with delicious dairy foods. So while it may seem odd to some, we wouldn’t give up the 3:30 a.m. wake-ups for anything.”

Throughout Dairy Diaries, viewers also will have an opportunity to meet other experts who contribute to life on the dairy farm, including Dr. Joe McFadden, associate professor of dairy cattle biology at Cornell University, and Dr. Laura Brown, a veterinarian.

Dr. McFadden explains the innovative research he is shepherding to optimize feed, such as including seaweed in cows’ diets, which may help reduce their methane emissions by up to 90%. Dr. Brown details the many ways she helps keep cows and calves healthy with weekly visits to Beck Farms.

Dairy Diaries will be available to stream for free on a Roku device, the Roku mobile app, therokuchannel.com, plus Samsung Smart TV, Amazon Fire TV and Google TV.

To learn more about the dairy checkoff, visit www.usdairy.com.

In a shocking turn of events that has left both local and distant dairy farming communities reeling, the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Board took action through the Department of State, Professional Compliance Office. They executed a “contempt of court” order through local law enforcement, even though none of these agencies are actual courts. 

Rusty Herr of Christiana and Ethan Wentworth of Airville, two dairymen with young families, have been sitting in jail since last week, denied bail and due process. They have not had the chance to see a judge. And for what? For employing ultrasound technology on dairy cows and horses – without a veterinary license – as part of their NoBull Solutions breeding service. 

These two men are among the three individuals who were slapped with the State Vet Board’s cease-and-desist orders as recently as 2018 and 2020. Astonishingly, the state is effectively treating pregnancy as a disease; a standpoint that contradicts federal court rulings that deem pregnancy to be a condition, not a disease. This position even contradicts the Veterinary Medicine Practice Act in Pennsylvania, which makes no explicit mention of pregnancy, giving a certain discretion to the state board on the matter. Notably, the board’s regulations don’t define diagnosis, neither do they mention pregnancy or ultrasound. 

According to the nationally acclaimed Barnes Law LLP, which is serving as the NoBull legal defense team since their enlistment a week after the dairymen’s arrests, “Pregnancy is not a disease. Pregnancy is not an illness. Likewise, confirming pregnancy or successful reproduction is not a diagnosis. Medicinal definitions are clear: identification of disease is termed diagnosis, the solution design is called treatment planning, and treatment where appropriate is then implemented as the solution.”

In stark contrast, dozens of technicians across Pennsylvania are known to use ultrasound technology with livestock, aligning with reproductive services. However, for their actions, Herr and Wentworth find themselves forcibly separated from their families. They were incarcerated for a week and were informed that they’ll remain jailed for 30 more days. 

The circumstances surrounding their arrests are indeed troubling. For example, Wentworth was asked to pay a fine at the York county courthouse on the morning of April 10, with a promise that he would see a judge. Instead, he was arrested, and seven days later, he still hasn’t seen a judge, according to friend and associate Ben Masemore, a dairy farmer associated with sister business NoBull Sires LLC. 

Herr was arrested the next day, April 11, at 6:30 a.m. at his home in Christiana. He was cuffed and taken away in front of his wife and children, reveals Masemore in a phone interview with Farmshine. Robert Barnes, Esq. of Barnes Law LLP, the new lead attorney for the Herr/Wentworth and NoBull Solutions defense, argues that the arrest warrants weren’t “facially valid” as they didn’t originate from a court. 

Robert Barnes, Esq. has taken the NoBull Solutions defense case, promising justice for Ethan and Rusty and their families. He discussed it on his Viva Locals podcast on April 17, stating that “a whole bunch of folks are about to get sued” and quoting unlawful detainment and civil rights precedents, among others. 

According to the Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Association (PaVMA) website under “advocacy” that the contempt-of-court charge came off a suggestion in PaVMA’s recent complaint against Herr and Wentworth for ignoring previous fines and cease-and-desist orders from the state veterinary board. However, Herr and Wentworth ignored these fines based on their former attorney’s advice, to avoid admitting guilt. After all, why should they admit guilt for actions that are commonplace and subject to the interpretation of the state’s vague and outdated veterinary law regarding ‘diagnosis’? Especially when pregnancy isn’t a disease that is diagnosed, but a condition to be observed? 

The debate will no doubt continue, overcoming archaic laws and challenging unfair practices. One thing is certain: We will closely monitor these developments, tracking the situation, and relaying to you, our readers, the most accurate and timely information.

A “NoBull Solutions LLC Defense Fund” has been set up for the men on GiveSendGo and at local banks. For more information, call 717-887-6465.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has confirmed that the bird flu outbreak on dairy farms could be far graver than initially perceived. Evidence seems to suggest that the virus is not just proliferating amongst cows, but also transmitting from cows to poultry. This revelation comes after officials in North Carolina identified bird flu infections in a symptomless cattle herd, a fact yet to be publicly disclosed by the USDA. This discovery leads us to believe that these infections may be significantly more widespread than initially estimated. 

The Department of Agriculture currently does not mandate farms to test their cattle for infection. Prior to this week, their policy was to reimburse farmers only for testing visibly ill cows, limiting the compensation to 20 cows per farm. However, the department has now announced that it will start reimbursing farms for testing asymptomatic cows. It’s crucial to mention that Federal officials, so far, have only shared sparse genetic information about the virus with foreign scientists and officials. This is critical data that could aid in understanding how the virus is evolving and spreading. 

Interestingly, the federal officials have turned a blind eye to monitoring infections in pigs. Pigs, renowned for being highly effective hosts for evolving flu viruses, are frequently kept in close proximity to cattle, leading to potential cross-species infection risks. 

“The federal response so far echoes early missteps during the pandemic, demonstrating an unsettling lack of learning from the communication lessons that COVID-19 has taught us.”

In a joint statement released in March, the USDA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assured the public of the safety of pasteurized milk. However, the FDA is still conducting tests to ascertain whether the pasteurization process effectively eliminates the virus. Some experts argue that these agencies may have been premature in asserting milk safety even before they had supporting data, in spite of the purported low risk to humans. 

Despite the urgency, USDA staff are primarily focusing on the analysis of only viral genetic sequences drawn from sick cows. However, they have assured that they will release this crucial information for outside experts in the “very, very near future”. 

The bird flu outbreak, unfortunately, has permeated 32 herds in eight states, including Texas, New Mexico, Michigan, Kansas, Idaho, Ohio, North Carolina, and South Dakota. This version of the virus has been circulating since 2020 in poultry, wild birds, and a wide range of mammals. As of this Friday afternoon, the outbreak has infiltrated 32 herds across the eight aforementioned states. 

The virus, scientifically known as H5N1, primarily affects lactating cows and only temporarily impacts their health. Still, the potential spillover from cows to poultry presents a situation of grave concern. The Texas Animal Health Commission suspects that the virus may have been transported between them through contact with objects contaminated with virus-laden milk. Infected cows, disturbingly, appear to carry large amounts of the virus in their milk. 

Some experts have voiced their criticisms of the USDA’s testing recommendations, citing that farmers may not have noticed many infections simply because they were not searching for them. Widespread and comprehensive testing strategies, inclusive of symptomatic and asymptomatic animals, is incredibly important in the early stages of such outbreaks to duly comprehend the scale and possible mechanisms of viral transmission. 

In this context, pigs play a crucial role in flu surveillance due to their susceptibility to both avian and human flu viruses. However, the lack of government directives to test pigs or encourage farmers to do so may present a considerable blind spot in our disease surveillance efforts. 

The federal response has frustrated several state health departments and farmers. Some farms in Minnesota have taken matters into their own hands and are sending samples of cow blood to private labs for testing. Other dairy farmers, however, are reluctant to test, fearing that the stigma associated with bird flu could negatively impact their business. Moreover, currently, dairy farmers are grappling with decreased milk prices and inflated feed costs, adding to the reluctance. Federal officials share the responsibility of equipping farmers with more resources and better protective gear and should commit to transparent communication.

The last communication regarding this outbreak from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a division of the USDA, was released on April 2.

The European Dairy Association (EDA) Policy Conference in Brussels, Belgium, convened on April 10 to deliberate the future of dairy and the trials agricultural producers in the EU are experiencing. Owing to the EU Green Deal and other policies perceived as detrimental to their businesses, right-leaning and populist parties have ardently supported the farmers’ cause, thereby bolstering their poll standings. The conference provided a stage for three MEP candidates to present their future visions for dairy and engage in Q&A sessions with attendees, including representatives from food manufacturers, trade associations, and governments.

Jessika Van Leeuwen of the Netherlands’ Farmer-Citizen Movement, and Didier Leportois from France’s Rural Alliance, conjointly voiced the farmer’s plight. They expressed that farmers have been under duress due to European policies in recent years. The duo also argued that EU produce should be safeguarded from imitation products in the export markets and urged for a more flexible approach towards land use regulations and emissions reductions.

Van Leeuwen stated, “Farmer protests have helped mitigate some of the most oppressive regulations, but it might be too late.” She urged the EU to protect fertile lands and promote food production, echoing a scheme similar to Nature 2000. Van Leeuwen also proposed radical changes such as scrapping the nature restoration law, banning hybrid dairy products, and avoiding on-farm ESG measures. She passionately pleaded, “Convert the Green Deal into a Real Deal, where objectives are realistic and affordable.”

At the conference, diverse perspectives were encouraged. Hansen advocated for a more empathetic approach towards agri-food producers, arguing that farmers are often misjudged as the problem, neglecting their potential as the solution. The focus, he insisted, should be on technologies that could decarbonize or trim down agriculture’s emissions rather than purely numeric targets. Van Leeuwen added that they advocate a constant development towards sustainable and highly productive agriculture, absolving the sector from rigid rules, leaving more room for innovation.

European regulators, represented by Wolfgang Burtscher, the Director-General for Agriculture and Rural Development in the European Commission, emphasized the importance of a data-driven approach. This approach aims to showcase the sector’s progress fitting within the broader EU27 context. However, Burtscher candidly acknowledged that they are lagging behind when it comes to accurately measuring the results of these measures.

Van Leeuwen and Leportois expressed their opposition to regulatory emissions reduction strategies. Van Leeuwen argued the timelines for setting targets are too broad, leaving little room for creativity and innovation, she advocates for a gradual approach to measures. Leportois echoed a similar sentiment, advocating for slow and steady change, enabling the people to adapt and be part of the system.

On the topic of dietary alternatives, Van Leeuwen proposed banning hybrid dairy products due to their dubious nutritional profile and unclear pricing strategy. However, this area remains contentious within the EU, especially with labeling rules and dairy alternative representation. While dairy alternative products are currently prohibited from using familiar descriptors like ‘butter’ and ‘cheese’, concrete evidence is lacking on whether consumers are truly confused between dairy and its alternatives.

Representatives from food companies and dairy cooperatives also shared their views on the subject of target-setting, emissions reporting, land use policies, and sustainability incentives. This included map-outs of their emissions reduction targets as well as their approach towards land use and other regulations.

In conclusion, debates around target-setting, emissions reporting, land use policies, and sustainability incentives linger. While some argue for less stringent measures to stimulate innovation, others believe a more standardized approach is crucial in maintaining the quality of dairy products and the environment.

The National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) is gearing up to tackle the potential threats posed by the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on dairy farms in the coming fall. As of now, eight states have reported the presence of the virus in their poultry populations. 

It has been four days since the USDA has confirmed any new case, pointing perhaps to a slowdown in virus detections. However, the virus is predicted to linger around in the coming months, making it a prolonged concern for the agricultural sector. 

“Our paramount goal is to keep the number of detections as low as possible,” states NASDA.

As part of an extensive plan dedicated to manage the occurrence and spread of HPAI, State Department of Agriculture leaders are holding regular biweekly sessions. The major objective behind these meetings is to ensure a smooth exchange of the latest information related to HPAI and to discuss the impacts it can have across state lines. NASDA is vigilant about preparing for such scenarios, as they brace for the possibility of HAPI’s potential threat to our dairy farms this fall.

Cooking up exciting new dairy products is about to become a whole lot easier! Launched in 2023 by Cornell University’s Center for Regional Economic Advancement, the Dairy Runway Program is a beacon of support for early-stage businesses. Backed by a generous grant from the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, its goal is simple – to guide innovators past the main hurdle for new products – the lack of alignment with market demand. 

In this novel program, an innovative blend of self-directed online learning and personalized one-on-one instructor support awaits any foodpreneur with a bright idea for a value-added, cow milk-based dairy product. If you’re based in New Yorkor the New England states, this could be your golden ticket! 

“Those who complete the virtual course phase advance to the kitchen incubator phase, which includes access to Cornell’s food processing facilities and support from food science technical experts. This hands-on phase lets innovators test product formulations and develop prototypes.”

But wait, there’s more! This program offers far more than just technological expertise. Business coaching is another perk on the agenda. To ensure dedicated attention, each cohort will only welcome a maximum of 10 teams, each consisting of up to two participants. 

Got a creamy creation brewing in your mind? Don’t let it curdle! Applications are open until June 5, 2024. But if you’re still unsure, don’t feel bullish. You can get the inside scoop at one of the three information sessions taking place in May. 

For more information about the program and how to apply, visit www.tfaforms.com/5115328​.

Webster, a humble town in New York and home to a burgeoning agricultural community, is set to receive a major boost to its economy with the construction of a $650 million dairy processing facility. The new facility is spearheaded by fairlife, a subsidiary of Coca-Cola and producer of ultra-filtered milk products. The groundbreaking ceremony was graced with the presence of Governor Kathy Hochul and several other officials, marking the official commencement of construction work. 

 This massive investment by Fairlife is expected to have far-reaching economic implications for the region, beyond the price tag associated with the plant itself. Notably, the project will create hundreds of construction jobs and will provide steady employment for over 250 people once the plant is fully operational. This venture highlights a substantial commitment to supporting the local agricultural community and its encompassing network of over 3,000 dairy farmers. 

At the groundbreaking ceremony, Tim Doelman, CEO of Fairlife, cited the region’s favorable climate and significant potential for workforce growth as primary factors behind their decision to pursue this investment. He commented, “This project is a testament to Fairlife’s commitment to harnessing the potential inherent in this region, and we’re looking forward to fostering even more economic growth as we move forward”.

Indeed, the establishment of the massive dairy processing plant signals a new era of growth and prosperity for Webster’s agricultural community and its citizenry at large. 

Rooted in the bucolic state of Pennsylvania, a narrative is unfolding that sees two men, Ruthy Herr and Ethan Wentworth, currently imprisoned. Their crime? Ultrasounding dairy cows and horses without possessing a veterinary license. Operating under their breeding service, NoBull Solutions, these individuals have been served cease-and-desist orders by the State Veterinary Board in both 2018 and 2020. This has sparked a controversial debate – is pregnancy a disease? 

Contrary to the state’s interpretation, federal courts have clarified that pregnancy is a condition, not a disease. Incidentally, the Veterinary Medicine Practice Act in Pennsylvania does not even mention pregnancy, rendering a scope for the state board’s interpretation. As per Barnes Law LLP, pregnancy is neither a disease nor an illness, and merely confirming pregnancy or successful reproduction is not equivalent to a diagnosis. Yet, Herr and Wentworth find themselves separated from their families, having already spent a week in captivity, with a looming threat of a full 30-day sentence. 

“The circumstances of their arrests are troubling,” recounts Robert Barnes, Esquire, the new lead attorney for the Herr/Wentworth and NoBull Solutions defense. He contends that the arrest warrants were flawed as they did not originate from a court, and thereby implicates the State Vet Board for conspiracy. According to Barnes, this conspiracy with inept local sheriffs has resulted in an illegal and unlawful imprisonment, a clear violation of both state and federal constitutions.

The charge of contempt-of-court was spurred by the Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Association’s (PAVMA) recent complaint against Herr and Wentworth. PAVMA accused them of ignoring previous fines and cease-and-desist orders from the State Veterinary Board. Notably, these fines were overlooked upon the advice of their former attorney to avoid admitting to any guilt. 

The PAVMA complaint urged the State Vet Board to penalize three individuals employed with NoBull Solutions LLC with fines and cease-and-desist orders for “illegal practice of veterinary medicine by unlicensed individuals”. This casts a spotlight on the difference between diagnosis and observation, causing confusion as the state vet law only explicitly exempts equine farriers. 

Small to mid-sized farms, unlike larger operations which can afford to hire full-time veterinarians, nutritionists, and technicians, rely heavily on independent hires for their services. Pennsylvania alone has witnessed a shocking decline of 46% in its dairy farms from 2017 to 2022. This precarious situation demands a level playing field for farmers to survive the rapid consolidation of this industry. 

In response to these flagrant issues, PAVMA has escalated their endeavours, labelling the ultrasound concern as an advocacy position under the “illegal practice of veterinary medicine” banner. They have called upon their members to take action, furnishing downloadable blank forms and instructions. Their drive: to ensure the state remains cognizant of the ongoing issue. 

You can read a comprehensive story by Bunting HERE.

Imagine a company standing the test of time, delivering goodness in a glass bottle to doorsteps for nearly a century. That’s the story of Oberweise Dairy, a iconic home milk delivery company, headquarted in North Aurora, Illinois. However, as of late, this 97 year-old dairy business has had to file for bankruptcy, a sober moment not only for the company, but for the countless households who have faithfully awaited their glass-bottle deliveries over the years. Oberweise Dairy not only handled milk delivery, but successfully ran nearly 40 ice cream and dairy stores in both Illinois and Missouri.

Filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection last Friday in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois, the company publicly exposed its financial challenges. In an effort of complete transparency, Oberweise Dairy listed more than $4 million of debt to 20 of its top unsecured creditors. 

Closer details of the owed amounts include top creditors such as Nussbaum Transportation of Hudson, Illinois, owed over $774,000; Greco & Sons, of Barlett, Illinois, owed nearly $722,000; and Penske Truck Leasing of Earth City, Missouri, owed more than $132,000. Worth noting, Oberweise Dairy’s petition also highlighted a debt over $173,000 that’s owed to the Cook County Treasurer’s Office in Chicago.

Unraveling the tapestry of Oberweise’s history takes us back to 1915, to the dairy farmer Peter Oberweise. What started as a personal initiative selling milk from the back of horse-drawn wagon has grown into nearly a century long venture. Now, Oberweise Dairy is helmed by the family of former Illinois State Senator, Jim Oberweise. Despite suffering losses in Republican primaries for both U.S senate and Governor, Jim maintained a successful stewardship of the family business until this unexpected financial bump.

Understanding the Reasons: Why the Illinois Milk Delivery Business Faced Bankruptcy

If we delve deeper into the circumstances leading to the bankruptcy, we’ll see that Oberweis Dairy, a century-old dairy family business in Illinois, has hit upon hard times. In the wake of unsuccessful attempts to sell, Oberweis Dairy was forced to seek the shelter of Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. 

Undeniably, consumer trends can make a significant impact on any business. Unfortunately for Oberweis Dairy, the rising demand for dairy alternatives put a substantial strain on the company, as it was already dealing with the aftermath of some unwise capital expenditures. Gradually, this led the company to staggering financial hardships. 

The company also faced setbacks in their search for a buyer. A group of hopeful investors withdrew their stalking horse bid in late March. The unsuccessful bid subsequently pushed the company further down the path to bankruptcy protection. 

Adding to this financial distress, they were burdened with debt – owing more than $4 million to their 20 largest unsecured creditors. Moreover, the bankruptcy filing brought potential layoffs into sight for 127 workers, thus exacerbating the gravity of the situation. 

Jim Oberweis, the grandson of the company’s founder, made the daunting decision to sell the dairy last year. It was a desperate move to keep the company afloat, but this hope was quickly dashed when no buyers came forth. 

Conclusively, a combination of changing consumer preferences, imprudent financial decisions, and a failed attempt at a sale led to the downfall of this historic Illinois dairy. Filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection became their last resort as they tried to regroup and possibly reinvent the business in this ever-evolving market.

Effect on Dairy Farmers: The Ripple Effect of Bankruptcy

When a milk delivery business so venerable as Oberweis Dairy files for bankruptcy, there’s more than corporate distress to consider. This unfortunate event sends ripples of uncertainty throughout the dairy community. Often, it’s the dairy farmers who bear the brunt of this disruption. 

The bankruptcy of a major dairy outlet disrupts the steady stream of income farming families depend on. Often, these farmers have nurtured long-standing business relationships with the company. For such farmers, the bankruptcy is not just a commercial loss, but a collapse of an important part of their livelihood. 

Furthermore, with the company owing over $4 million to its 20 largest unsecured creditors, and an additional $14 million in secured bank debt, the extent of the bankruptcy’s impact is indeed significant. These might include suppliers, sub-contractors, or even local small businesses, all left to grapple with the consequences of this financial fallout. 

Knowing the potential for cascading loss and hardship, wouldn’t it be great if there were mechanisms in place to buffer these farmers from this risk? The reality, though, is that they often have little financial cover or disaster recovery strategies in place. The Oberweis bankruptcy, therefore, underscores the urgent need to invest in strategic safeguards for our invaluable dairy farmers. After all, they are the vital cogs in the wheels of our dairy supply chains. 

So, as you reach for your next dairy treat, spare a thought for the stout-hearted dairy farmers. They face risks and challenges on a wholly different level, and their resilience is central to keeping our tables laden with wholesome dairy goodness.

Efforts are underway by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to propose a new bovine tuberculosis testing area. This proposed area is located in the northern lower peninsula. According to the department, this proposed action comes after a wild deer tested positive for the disease back in February. Shockingly, this occurrence was outside of the state’s current Modified Accredited Zone, more specifically, in Benzie County. 

Understandably, you might be asking, why the need for this expansion? The answer is simple. The state needs to ably respond to this unexpected situation by expanding the zone into portions of both Benzie and Manistee counties. This serves to ensure compliance with its Memorandum of Understanding with the USDA and to maintain a split-state status. 

The stakes are high, as all cattle and bison herds in the new area will need to be tested before the end of the year to guarantee they are disease-free. It’s a hefty task, but a necessary one to prevent potential outbreaks.

Want to have your say on this proposed change? A public meeting is set for April 25th, a great opportunity for you to express your viewpoint. The best part is that in efforts to adhere to safety protocols, this meeting will also be available virtually. Furthermore, comments are being accepted up until May 10th. Don’t miss out on this opportunity to be heard.

On Tuesday, a significant announcement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture sent ripples through our dairy industry. The USDA has finalized changes to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, more commonly known as WIC. This federal program provides invaluable support to those it serves, yet the breaking news indicates a pivotal shift – a reduction in the amount of milk allocated to participants.  

“To the dismay of numerous stakeholders in our dairy sector, these updates to the WIC program shed a spotlight on a trend of cutbacks in milk provisions, paving a critical pathway for an in-depth look into the repercussions of such policy decisions.”

During the fiscal year of 2023, participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) spiked to approximately 6.6 million mothers and children. The program, known for offering its beneficiaries the ability to purchase a range of foods based on their age and nutritional requirements, has recently announced some significant changes, set to go into effect within two years. 

While these alterations aim to enhance the support for families purchasing fruits and vegetables, they conversely reduce the amount of financial aid provided for the purchase of milk. Moving forward, the updated WIC program will provide merely 3 gallons of milk per month for toddlers, a reduction from the initial allotment of 4 gallons. Similarly, the supply for children ages 2 to 4 has been reduced to 3.5 gallons from 4 gallons. Mothers who are entirely breastfeeding will now receive only 4 gallons every month, a cut from their previously set monthly maximum of 6 gallons. 

A silver lining to these regulatory shifts is that lactose-free milk can now be purchased using the funds allocated through the program. The WIC program will also increase the range of options available to beneficiaries for purchasing yogurt and cheese products, provided in various package sizes. However, the new rule also permits the use of WIC dollars to buy plant-based alternatives, not as nutrient-dense as dairy milk. 

The news has sparked responses from several dairy organizations, including the National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) and the International Dairy Foods Association (IDFA). “NMPF is unsettled by the decision to reduce access to the essential nutrients dairy adds to the diet,” said Gregg Doud, NMPF President and CEO. 

According to a New York Times article, the USDA defended its reform by stating that the previous milk allocation was a massive 128% of the daily amount required by nutrition guidelines. The new amount now aligns to 71% to 96% of the recommended intake, based on these guidelines.

A poll by IDFA among WIC participants revealed that 35% would need to dip into their pockets to cover the cost of milk and dairy purchases due to these cuts. A further 33% of respondents expressed beliefs that the cuts will make shopping for milk and dairy items more challenging. Dairy producers are alarmed by these results – nutritious dairy products should be easy to access, not the reverse. 

“In this era of escalating food costs, it’s crucial to shift focus on broadening access to a diverse variety of healthy, nutrient-dense, and affordable foods, including dairy products,” stated Doud. “It’s disheartening to see the final rule constraining WIC families’ purchasing power for nutritious dairy foods.”

The H5N1 strain of Avian Influenza-commonly known as bird flu-has been making significant strides into domestic territories, sparking concern among scientists and public health officials. Over the past two years, the virus has been circulating among wild migratory birds, with substantial spillover into poultry farms. However, the recent discovery of the virus in dairy cows and the subsequent infection of a dairy farm employee—the second person in America so far—has raised eyebrows in the scientific community. As of now, the virus has spread to 16 herds across six states, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), raising fear regarding potential further transmission to humans. 

Johns Hopkins Public Health experts, however, suggest that though the virus is now seen circulating among dairy cows, the risk of human exposure still remains quite low.

Avian Flu Q&A with Professionals 

Stephanie Desmon from Public Health on Call held an enlightening Q&A on April 8, speaking with Meghan Davis, an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, and Andrew Pekosz, a Professor in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. They discussed the bird flu’s jump between species, its pandemic potential, and the impact of the virus appearing in the dairy industry. 

What’s Going on With the Avian Flu? 

According to Pekosz, the virus’s increased activity in the last couple of years is of concern. It’s been mutating over time and has seen an alarming spike in incidences of infecting wild birds. This in turn has led to increased spillover infections into poultry farms and other mammals, including skunks, bears, and foxes who presumably contracted the virus by feeding on dead infected birds. Alarmingly, the virus has also recently spilled over into dairy cows. 

Was the H5N1 Outbreak Unexpected? 

Davis expressed surprise that the outbreak has reached dairy cows, as when it comes to animal models for influenza, mustelids such as ferrets or mink are generally considered. The surprising part about seeing H5N1 in dairy is that researchers have not typically focused on biosecurity and biocontainment for viruses like Avian Influenza, which is typically transmitted from bird reservoirs. As a potentially consequential symptom of disease, some infected cows stop eating or milking well, though there’s no report of high mortality yet. 

Is the Consumed Milk Safe? 

There’s no substantial evidence suggesting concern for the average person consuming commercial milk. If the milk is pasteurized and procured from a commercial dairy processor, the risk is extremely low. Davis advises strongly against the consumption of raw milk products due to the associated risks. 

What Can We Learn From Infected Cows? 

The infection pattern in cows tells us two important things, as per Pekosz. First, the virus, upon entering a new host, has traveled beyond the respiratory tract and made it all the way into the milk. This suggests something unique about the H5N1 virus in contrast to common human strains. Second, if the virus transmits from cow to cow, it indicates the virus is adapting and becoming better fit to spread in cows. This information is critical in understanding the virus’s potential to infect humans and how the sequence of the virus changes. 

What About the Transmission Among Cows? 

Davis brings attention to the way cows are frequently moved and swapped in the dairy industry, and the potential need to educate farmers about this if it poses a risk of introducing bird flu. And Pekosz suggests that contaminated milking equipment could contribute to the virus spread, as the amount of virus in the milk is much greater than in the cow’s nose. Hence, instituting equipment disinfection protocols could slow or stop the virus spread. 

Is Avian Flu a Major Threat at This Time? 

Pekosz admits that H5N1 does pose a pandemic potential. As humans have very little inherent immunity against H5 viruses, there could be massive increases in the number of cases if the virus enters and starts to spread among humans. 

For the average person, Davis suggests simply being aware of the situation and avoiding things like raw milk products. Moreover, since the possibility of disease in cats has been observed, it’s a good idea to limit your cats’ contact with wild birds. 

Michigan is facing an increased threat from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) according to an announcement from the state’s Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The director, Tim Boring, shared this sobering update, revealing three additional dairy herds infected with this dangerous virus, raising the total impacted counties to four. It was only on March 29 that the state’s first HPAI-positive dairy herd was confirmed in Montcalm County. 

This concerning development was confirmed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture‘s National Veterinary Services Laboratory on the evening of April 11. Despite the understandable concern this may cause, it’s important for Michigan residents to know that the commercial milk supply remains safe. 

The safety of commercial milk has not been compromised, thanks to federal animal health requirements including necessary pasteurization. Federal experts maintain this step effectively ensures the safety of our milk, with no increased risk posed directly to public health. An encouraging result from analyses of the detected virus indicates no alarming adaptation that makes it more transmissible between mammals, keeping the public health risk associated with HPAI low.

In Michigan, pasteurization of milk sold in stores is a requirement by state law; a process continually proven to disarm bacteria and viruses present in milk, including influenza. This precaution further reinforces the safety of milk for consumers. 

State Veterinarian Dr. Nora Wineland underscores the importance of collaboration with veterinarians for a successful recovery of affected dairy cows and urges a limitation on farm visitors. Dairies are also greatly advised to step up biosecurity measures, such as: 

• Limiting farm access to employees and essential personnel
• Adhering to best management practices
• Frequent hand washing

Additional measures can be found through Secure Milk Supply. HPAI is known for its high contagiousness among birds and poultry, it can be spread directly from infected wild creatures or indirectly through exposed items like equipment, feed, or even the clothing and shoes of caretakers. If you are a producer with concerns for your animals’ health, or in need of advice on safeguarding their health, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.

As we gear up for the summer months, brace yourself for a sizzling season ahead. According to forecasts from the USDA Midwest Climate Hub, Dr. Dennis Todey warns of above-average temperatures dominating much of the country from July through September. Todey’s insights, shared during a webinar sponsored by the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, signal a notable shift in weather patterns. 

The western third of the nation, excluding parts of California’s coast along with the upper New England states, is predicted to face particularly intense heat. While the mercury level soars, precipitation forecasts remain neutral for most regions. However, a swath along the eastern seaboard may experience above-average rainfall, which could serve as some relief from the scorching temperatures. 

The impending change in weather is attributed to a rapid transition from the current El Niño pattern to a La Niña phase, expected to kick in between June and August 2024. This shift follows a brief El Niño period that brought unusually mild winters, particularly evident in states like North Dakota, Minnesota, and New York. 

However, the flip to La Niña raises concerns, especially for regions already grappling with drought conditions. States like Iowa have been in a moderate drought since July 2021, with pockets of extreme and exceptional drought in areas like Montana, New Mexico, and Texas. The uncertainty surrounding precipitation patterns highlights the importance of timely rainfall throughout the summer months. 

“While temperatures are extending growing seasons by about 10 days per decade, there’s been a concerning trend of mid-summer dryness over the past 20 years, with more rainfall occurring in the spring.”
– Dr. Dennis Todey

As farmers prepare for the planting season, Dr. Todey offers practical advice to navigate these challenging conditions: 

• Adjust yield goals considering potential moisture limitations.
• Optimize planting timing to capitalize on spring moisture.
• Minimize tillage to preserve soil moisture.
• Monitor water sources closely for livestock and irrigation, preparing contingency plans if needed.

As the summer draws near, it’s imperative for our agricultural communities to prepare for the heat and adapt their practices accordingly to minimize potential impacts on crops and livestock.

Thrilling news coming in from the livestock market, as we’re witnessing a notable surge in calf values, meanwhile, the prices for springers are cruising at a steady pace. Both these trends are mirroring interesting adjustments in supply and demand within our robust dairy industry. For you, our diligent producers who are continually steering their vessels through the tides of fluctuating market conditions and evolving consumer preferences, understanding these trends comes off as a paramount aspect. It’s through such knowledge that you can make informed decisions and maximize profitability. 

Welcome to an era where calf prices are hitting the stratosphere. Newborn beef-cross bottle calves are now selling for up to a whopping $1,000 per head, a trend that’s fast gaining momentum throughout the United States. Yet that’s not where the sun sets. Dairy heifer calves have not been left behind in this wave of significant improvements, with prices now floating between the $300 and $400 per head mark. It’s a bullish leap considering they were averaging $75-$150 per head just a year ago.

“Holstein springer prices are holding steady, sometimes inching slightly higher than last month. Interestingly, they are either skirting around or exceeding the cost of production in most parts of the nation”

When viewed keenly, this surge in calf values and consistent springer prices are, in essence, a reflection of the intricate interplay of supply and demand forces within the dairy industry’s landscape. By keeping informed and maintaining a proactive stance, you, our committed producers, can strategically position yourselves to leverage these market opportunities while effectively surfing the waves of associated challenges. In doing so, you are ensuring not only the long-term sustainability of your operations but also incremental profitability.

Kathleen “Kaye” Miller, age 89, of Orangeville, Illinois, passed away peacefully at home surrounded by her loving family on Saturday, April 6, 2024. She was born Kathleen Bertha Miltimore in Sweetsburg, Quebec, Canada on January 23, 1935, to Walter and Evelyn (Wright) Miltimore.

Kaye’s family started the Miltimore Telephone Company in Iron Hill, Quebec. The men in the family installed the lines and equipment, and Kaye and her four sisters, along with their grandmother, ran the switchboard in the family home. At age 16, she went to work at Sweetsburg Hospital. When the hospital installed its first switchboard in 1951, Kaye trained the staff on how to operate it. Later in life, she retained her gift for memorizing numbers and was often referred to as a “walking telephone book.”

She met her high school sweetheart, Bob, (Robert Charles Miller of Brome Centre, Quebec) at a church social, where he was impressed with her softball skills. They were married on October 12, 1954, in Sweetsburg (now Cowansville), Quebec. Bob was recruited to be the herd manager at Ravenglen Farm in Antioch, Illinois in 1956. So, Kaye and daughter Wendy traveled by train to her new home in the U.S. on her 21st birthday. Son Craig was born less than three weeks later.

Kaye and her husband started their family farm, Mil-R-Mor, in 1962 in the Huntley/Dundee, Illinois area, where they thrived for nearly 50 years. In 2006, they relocated the farm and family to Orangeville, Illinois. Kaye was the backbone of her husband’s farming career. Together, they raised registered Holstein dairy cattle. Bob gives Kaye credit for encouraging him to buy a cow named C Glenridge Citation Roxy in 1974. Roxy would later go on to be one of the most famous cows around the globe, being named International Cow of the Century and Queen of the Breed.

Kaye loved traveling, often to see family back in Canada, or to various Holstein events with Bob and the family. She was an expert at canning and preserving produce to feed her family. Once during a local milk strike to protest low prices, she made over 500 pounds of butter while others poured their milk on the fields.

Throughout Kaye and Bob’s life, they enjoyed dancing and music. As teenagers, they attended many dances at the Brome Pond Dance Hall. Most recently, they enjoyed dancing at Turner Hall and the Best Dam Bar two or three times each week. Kaye loved playing cards and always made time for a round of pinochle or 500 with family and friends. She cherished family time, especially the hours spent with her 16 grandchildren and 24 great-grandchildren.

Kaye was a mother to many more than she bore, treating them all as her own. She touched so many lives, teaching us all about love, life, and especially being kind. Her actions exemplified the importance of pitching in and being helpful to others. She treated everyone she met like family.

Kathleen is survived by her husband and partner in life, Robert; five children: Wendy (Ardishir) Rashidi, Marshall Craig (Beverly) Miller, Madeline (Stephen) Schultz, Crystal (John) Sheehan and Kathryn Miller; grandchildren: Aryan Rashidi, Arjang (Mackenzie) Rashidi, Charles (Jennifer) Schultz, David (Amy) Schultz, Lorilee Schultz, Kelly (Robert) Foerder, Peter (Katelyn) Schultz, Arisa (Eric) Conwell, John “Jay” (Jessica) Sheehan, Mark (Kegan) Schultz, Atisa (Dylan) Rashidi, Sarah (Adam) Roth, Ryan Sheehan, Brianna Sheehan, Kaylen Miller, and Emily Sheehan; and great-grandchildren: Ashlynn Schultz, Jaxson Rashidi, Sawyer Rashidi, Ryder Rashidi, Blair Schultz, Reid Foerder, John “Jack”  Sheehan, Brantley Schultz, Cora Schultz, Elsie Foerder, Fynlie Rashidi, Evelynn Sheehan, Braelynn Schultz, Henry Sheehan, Harvey Roth, Quinn Conwell, Averly Rashidi, Magnus Sheehan, Adeline Foerder, Charles Roth, Lucy (Schultz) Fahr, Luke Schultz, Adalyn Conwell, and little Levi Schultz. Kaye is survived by her dear sister Barbara Miltimore, as well as many nieces and nephews.

She was preceded in death by her daughter, Deborah, on October 25, 1964, who died in a farming accident; her parents; an infant brother, Richard; and three sisters: Grace, Shirley, and Norma.

A visitation will take place from 2:00-7:00 p.m. on Thursday, April 11, 2024, at the United Methodist Church in Orangeville, Illinois.

A funeral service will take place at 11:00 a.m. on Friday, April 12, 2024, at the United Methodist Church in Orangeville, Illinois, with a visitation prior to the service from 10:00-11:00 a.m.  Interment will take place at Sunset Acres Cemetery, Orangeville, Illinois. A luncheon will follow. Pastor Roger Bronkema will officiate the services.

Memorials may be made to the National Holstein Women’s Scholarship Organization, or to the United Methodist Church in Orangeville, Illinois.

Memorials may be sent to the family at the following :

Leamon Funeral Home
Attn: Kathleen Miller Family
P.O. Box 226
Lena, IL 61048

Obituary can be viewed online here.

As you actively hunt for more farm-to-table products that offer natural ingredients, consider Philadelphia Cream Cheese. The Kraft Heinz is indeed ramping up its commitment to quality. By using their latest advertising campaign, the brand is making a worthwhile effort to promote its longstanding history and connection to real dairy farms. This farm-to-spread campaign is meticulously crafted to strengthen brand awareness through a unique angle—an association with cows. 

“We’ve maintained our status as the cream cheese category leader due to the quality of our product. It’s only fitting that we highlight the key ingredients—fresh milk and real cream—that have kept consumers coming back for generations,” articulated Keenan White, senior brand manager, Philadelphia at Kraft Heinz Company. “Philly fans know a thing or two about the perfect schmear, and this campaign serves as a tangible reminder of this truth. We’re looking to connect to the product experience in a fresh and creatively unexpected way, grounding ourselves in what makes our product so special.”

The campaign isn’t confined to a single channel – it’s finding its way to consumers via a wide array of mediums. The effort is in full swing with mobile billboards running throughout New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles. Alongside this, the brand is also dabbling with “wild postings” – strategic placements outside delis and bodegas all through New York City. But, it doesn’t stop there. 

• The brand story travels back to its roots with billboards in Fall Creek, Wisconsin—the source of the brand’s milk.
• The campaign also includes traditional billboards in the Chicago market.
• Look out for print ads in the New York Magazine.
• The brand is also making waves online, with a targeted social media push.

Sit back, relax, and watch as Philadelphia Cream Cheese celebrates its unique relationship with its dairy supply—setting a new tone for product marketing. As observed, this humble cream cheese is not just a product, but a lifestyle powered by quality ingredients straight from the farm.

Ever contemplated a celestial event through the eyes of farm animals, specifically dairy cows? Yes, you’ve understood correctly, we’re diving into an unusual yet intriguing subject right here. Does a solar eclipse – a spectacular astronomical event where the moon passes between the Earth and the sun causing a shadow to cast over Earth’s surface – influence the behavior of our milk-producing friends? Intriguing, isn’t it? 

Imagine if you were enjoying your morning grazing or late afternoon cud-chewing, and unexpectedly the day turned into night? Would it confuse you or cause a change in your normal routine? Well, these are the sorts of questions dairy farmers and curiosity-driven souls ask when an eclipse is on the horizon.

You might just discover that there’s more to these cosmic events and bovine behavior than you initially thought. Let’s delve deeper into the science behind a solar eclipse and its potential effects on dairy cows. You’ll be riveted, we promise!

The Celestial Event: A Brief Understanding of Solar Eclipses

Delving deeper into this celestial spectacle, how might it affect our bovine friends, the dairy cows? Historical observations and studies suggest that solar eclipses can indeed influence animal behavior, including birds, mammals, insects, and even plants. The big question we’re exploring here though, is: Will the Solar Eclipse affect Dairy Cows? 

A snapshot from the past: on August 11, 1999, Europe was under the enchanting spell of a solar eclipse. This rare event provided researchers an opportunity to study the effects of this eclipse on grazing animals, specifically dairy cows. The idea was to observe if there was any disruption in their diurnal grazing patterns due to the Solar Eclipse. Sure, anecdotal evidence suggests that animals tend to behave as they would at nightfall, during a solar eclipse – but was this the case for dairy cows as well? 

The total time spent grazing by the cows in the 24 hours following the eclipse, as observed, turned out to be significantly lower than in other 24-hour periods. But correlation doesn’t always mean causation, so was this change in grazing time unusual or merely a cosmic coincidence? 

To break down this conundrum and fill the gaps in our knowledge, the University of Kentucky’s Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment initiated a research project in collaboration with livestock owners. By closely observing and recording the behavior of cows during solar eclipses, researchers aim to solve the puzzles of bovine behavior presented by these cosmic events. So, while the jury may still be out on the definitive impact of solar eclipses on our dairy cows, it is an area of study that offers fascinating insights and intriguing possibilities.

Do Solar Eclipses Really Affect Dairy Cows?

Now, you’d think with historical accounts hinting at solar eclipses influencing the behavior of various creatures, dairy cows wouldn’t be an exception, right? Well, let’s dig a little deeper into it, and see what the research says. 

In 1999, a unique celestial event, a total solar eclipse, provided a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for researchers to study the grazing behavior of ruminants. The angle was to test a hypothesis – that the sudden darkness brought on by a solar eclipse would affect the diurnal grazing patterns of livestock, including dairy cows, as it does with other animals. 

What were the findings, you ask? Interestingly, the study revealed that the solar eclipse had little to no visible effect on the ruminating behavior of these cattle. It seems, unlike other animals such as birds, insects, and even apes, who tend to behave as if it’s nightfall during a solar eclipse, dairy cows are not as easily phased by eclipses. 

Furthermore, in a similar study conducted during a solar eclipse in 2017, researchers noted unusual eclipse-related behavior in 17 species including tortoises moving at an increased pace, giraffes galloping without any apparent threat, and apes modifying their usual vocalization patterns. However, no such peculiar behavior was observed from dairy cows. 

Dr. Overall, a known expert in the field, points that while the abrupt darkness of an eclipse can mess with the internal clocks of animals in a manner akin to how humans are affected by artificial light at night, not all animals are susceptible to these effects. Quick and drastic changes in light intensity may not be enough to trigger significant changes in the routine or behavior of dairy cows. 

However, animal behavior during solar eclipses is an area that still lacks extensive research, particularly when it comes to the grazing behavior of ruminants. Consequently, researchers continue to seek help from livestock owners to observe and record animal behaviors during such celestial events. Who knows what else we might discover given enough observations and studies? 

So next time you’re on a farm during a solar eclipse, keep an eye on those dairy cows. The current consensus might not be the final word – science often surprises us!

Can cows look at the eclipse without going blind?

You’re surely aware of the widespread caution about not looking directly at a solar eclipse without proper eye protection, right? This advice is circulated to protect our human eyes from any detrimental effects. However, when it comes to cows, the matter is slightly different. The critical difference is that cows, unlike humans, do not have a tendency to look up and stare at the sky. So, the risk of eye damage from a solar eclipse is relatively low for them. 

Dr. Karen Overall, a renowned veterinary behaviorist, suggests it’s highly unlikely for bovines to suffer from eclipse-related blindness. She explains that cattle possess a different visual perception compared to humans. Their eyes are primarily designed to detect motion on the ground level, helping them to find food and avoid predators. Therefore, they are not inclined to gaze directly into the sun during an eclipse. 

However, it always proves beneficial to exercise caution. Farmers are advised to keep a close eye on their dairy herds during a solar eclipse, ensuring the animals don’t exhibit any unusual behavior that could indicate stress or discomfort.

Can Solar Eclipses Influence Milk Production in Dairy Cows?

Now, given the unique nature of a solar eclipse, one might wonder what the potential impacts could be on the biological process of milk production in dairy cows. Could this unusual phenomenon cause any observable disruptions or changes? 

At this point, from the evidence available, it seems that a distinct correlation between solar eclipses and dairy milk production has not been firmly established. That’s not to say, however, that it’s not worthy of investigation. After all, we know that dairy cows’ activity levels, feeding habits, and overall behaviors are influenced by numerous external and internal factors, and there just might be a link between solar eclipses and their productive capacities. 

The study conducted in relation to the 1999 solar eclipse, which focused on observing the behavior of dairy cattlebefore, during, and after the eclipse, reported that there was little effect on their ruminating behavior. This suggests that solar eclipses might not necessarily disrupt their grazing patterns – a significant aspect when contemplating the effect on milk production. 

That being said, more research is certainly needed to draw a definitive conclusion. Interestingly, researchers are currently seeking help from livestock owners to record their animals’ behaviors during solar eclipses, in hope of getting a clearer understanding of this intriguing situation. 

Ranald MacFarlane, a farmer from Fernwood, P.E.I., who owns approximately 100 free-ranging pigs and about 90 cows, is an example of an individual curious to understand how solar eclipses may affect his herds, including the potential implications for milk yield. 

Meanwhile, Dr. Karen Overall’s suggestion to put cows in barns or stalls and pamper them with their favorite treats during the eclipse speaks volumes about how precautionary measures could potentially mitigate any unforeseen effects on these animals during this celestial event. 

In conclusion, it’s clear that there’s still a vast amount of uncharted territory to explore regarding the possible effects of solar eclipses on dairy cows. What we suggest, along with Dr. Overall and many other experts in the field, is to observe, record, and always ensure that our cattle are well cared for during these extraordinary astronomical occurrences.

The Bottom Line

So, it seems that while cows, like all animals, undoubtedly have their internal rhythms that could be slightly disturbed by a sudden solar eclipse, the overall impact of such celestial occurrences appears to be quite minimal. The key takeaway here is that animals are resilient and adaptable creatures. They may experience some initial discomfort or confusion due to the sudden shift from light to darkness, but it’s typically short-lived and not expected to influence long-term behavior or milk production. Now, we can continue to appreciate the mesmerizing beauty of a solar eclipse without undue worry for our bovine friends. Earth’s everyday marvels, including the animals around us, continue to fascinate, ensnaring our curiosity as we delve deeper into understanding the complexities of life under the cosmos. 

April 4-6, 2024–The 2024 National Dairy Challenge Contest and Academy concluded on Saturday, April 6th, 2024. Dairy-focused college students – 212 in total – traveled to Visalia, California, which was the first visit to a western dairy for many students. Over 37 schools attended, allowing students from across US and Canada to visit one of the three hosting dairy farms in California. Dairy Challenge provides a unique opportunity for students to engage in dairy industry management and communication, while networking with other students and exploring industry careers.

“I always encourage students to embrace the opportunities that Dairy Challenge presents. It is more than a competition, it is a community that fosters innovation, leadership, and a shared commitment to excellence in dairy. Dairy Challenge provides a platform for students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world dairy operations, gaining hands-on experience and networking,” explained Dr. Gail Carpenter, coach of the Iowa State University team and NAIDC Board Member.

The students gathered on Thursday, April 4th to receive data from the farms to evaluate before visiting the farms on Friday, April 5th. Contest students gathered with their teams to review their data, begin collaborating, and prepare for the farm visits. Academy participants from four-year universities or two-year dairy programs were divided into small groups from various schools, and dairy industry volunteers worked as Mentors to coach these Academy participants as they assessed the dairy and developed recommendations.

On the second day, 84 Academy students visited Curtimade Farms accompanied by industry mentors. Students assessed different aspects of each dairy farm including calf care, parlor management, transition pens, and feed management. They also conducted interviews with the producers to gain insights into farm management practices and goals. In the afternoon, students used the data collected during the farm visits and interviews to develop their presentations.

While Academy students were visiting their farm, contest teams from the different schools visited one of two farms, River Ranch Dairy or Flint Dairy. Over 128 students from 32 teams completed on-farm analysis, with just two hours to visit and observe the farm’s operation. After a question-and-answer session with the farm owners and advisors, the student teams developed recommendations for nutrition, reproduction, milking procedures, animal health, cow comfort, and labor and financial management.

This year’s contest included 32 universities, whose four-person teams competed for awards based on the quality of teams’ farm analysis and appropriate solutions. Their farm presentations were evaluated by a panel of five judges, including dairy producers, veterinarians, finance specialists and seasoned agribusiness personnel.

The final day of the contest saw judge panels evaluating each team’s presentations, which highlighted the strengths and areas of improvement for their respective farms. Additionally, students visited the Career and Innovation Fair and attended top-level technology presentations from NAIDC sponsors. These topics were presented by:

• Matt Groen of Cargill – “Dairy Sustainability, a Multi-Faceted Approach”
• Mitch Hockett of ST Genetics – “ Sustainability: Genetics and Technology that Reward Producers and Consumers.”
• Tony Parreira and Zachary Barlow of AgWest Farm Credit – “Sustainability: Planning for Tomorrow”
• Ian Johnson of Select Sires – “Low Carbon Technologies”
• Jarett Zonneveld of Alta Genetics – “Breeding Programs of the Future”
• Frank Mitloehner of UC Davis – “Sustainable Livestock, Sustainable Future”

The event concluded with the presentation of student awards, marking the end of the successful 2024 National Dairy Challenge Contest and Academy. The judges awarded the following teams with the first and second place ranking on each farm among the 32 total teams participating.

The National Dairy Challenge Contest and Academy is the concluding event of the four regional contests sponsored each year by North American Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® (NAIDC).The national contest and regional events – for about 250 dairy collegiates – are funded through generous support by 130 agribusinesses and dairy producers. Dairy Challenge has helped prepare over 10,000 students for careers as dairy owners or managers, consultants, researchers, veterinarians or other dairy professionals.

About Dairy Challenge

NAIDC is an innovative event for students in dairy programs at North American post-secondary institutions. Its mission is to develop tomorrow’s dairy leaders and enhance the progress of the dairy industry, by providing education, communication and networking among students, dairy producers, agribusiness and university personnel. The 2025 National Dairy Challenge contest will be held in Gainesville, Florida on April 6-8, 2025; details are at www.dairychallenge.org.

As we navigate this new age of infectious diseases and their impact on global industries, it is paramount to examine the trials the US dairy farming sector is facing amidst the latest bird flu outbreak. What are the challenges at hand? What plot twists can we anticipate in this unfolding narrative? The answers, much like the situation itself, are intricate and multifaceted. 

At the core of the conundrum, we have bird flu outbreak and the various restrictions it imposes, such as permits and quarantines. Eventuating from a necessity to stem the spread of the virus, these legislative measures have, however, cast a distinct shadow on the thriving vein of US dairy farming. 

“Farmers, more than ever, need to consider the implications of their activities on the wider environment and community. An outbreak, such as this one with bird flu, is not just a solitary event. It is, indeed, a stark spotlight illuminating the intertwined threads of commerce, health, and environmental integrity.”

The subsequent sections of this article will dissect these aspects meticulously – the situation’s unique predicament, its ramifications, and the critical questions that stem from it – providing insightful analysis and provocations for our collective industry introspection.

Understanding Bird Flu and Its Impact on the Dairy Industry

Given the recent development of the bird flu outbreak, we, at the heart of the dairy industry, face a terrain of unprecedented challenges and complexities. In a shocking turn of events, the bird flu has breached the barrier between avian species and dairy cattle in the United States, marking the first occurrence of such a cross-species shift. But why does this matter, one might ask. Cattle – an integral part of our dairy production – transmitting this highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) threatens both the productivity and the safety of our dairy products. 

As detailed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the first positive test of HPAI was detected in a dairy herd in Idaho. The spread has since extended to six states, with every affected cow possibly tracing back to a single farm. These alarming reports compel us to reassess our understanding of the disease’s spread, suggesting that the virus may not be transmitted directly from cow-to-cow, but instead could be spreading via dairy workers or milking equipment, potentially carried through droplets on clothes, gloves or suction cups used for milking. 

How exactly does this influence our industry operation and output? The gravest consequence is the degradation of product quality and safety. The unfortunate reality is that milk from infected animals must be diverted or even destroyed. Consumers, industry workers, regulators – we are all left grappling with the question, how can we guarantee the safety of our milk during such outbreaks? In response, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published a series of questions and answers targeted at these concerns. Their advisories assert that manufacturing or selling raw unpasteurized milk products made from cows exhibiting symptoms of illness or exposed to avian influenza is an unacceptable risk. 

The impact of the bird flu outbreak is not constrained to cows alone. The virus has been detected in goats in Minnesota, reminding us of the potential widespread impact across diverse sectors of the livestock industry. As this crisis unfolds, will we rise to the occasion, challenged to innovate and adapt our practices to this new landscape? In an industry often criticized for its conventional practices, perhaps this situation offers a necessary, albeit distressing, catalyst for meaningful change.

Importance of Immediate Action: Notification and Permits

In dealing with such an unprecedented crisis caused by the bird flu outbreak, it is incumbent upon us as a community of dairy farmers to comprehend the fundamental importance of immediate action, particularly concerning notification and permits. Even as federal agencies collaborate with state and industry partners to manage and diminish the threats posed by cattle illnesses, there is no doubt that the first line of defense is the dairy producers themselves. 

Indeed, the expedient reporting of cattle diseases cannot be overstated in its worth. This vital action enables the faster containment and control of any potential outbreak, and safeguards not only the afflicted farm but neighbouring dairy establishments as well. Simultaneously, ethical considerations necessitate that dairy farmers uphold enhanced biosecurity measures, a testament to our shared responsibility in preventing the further dissemination of these dangerous ailments. 

In this unparalleled scenario, the parameters of our permits are also evolving. One might ask, then, how does this entail a greater commitment? Consider this: permits now require that any milk entering interstate commerce for consumption must first undergo pasteurization. While this might appear laborious, the long-term benefits to the safety and quality of dairy — indeed, our backbone — are undeniable. Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller’s pledge to exhaust every resource to preserve quality and safety in Texas agriculture reinforces the importance of these developments. 

In truth, the fallout from inaction could be astronomical, with affected milk from diseased animals being diverted or destroyed. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have confirmed, even polar bears and marine animals are suffering the consequences of this outbreak. The Food and Drug Administration’s call to consumers to be aware of the risks associated with raw milk consumption in light of the high pathogenic avian influenza detections should serve as a clarion call to us all. 

In the final analysis, what is demanded of us, dairy farmers and those in the industry, is a tenacity and resilience, a commitment to safeguard our livestock, our consumers, and indeed our livelihoods for generations to come.

First Steps: Reporting a Suspected Bird Flu Outbreak

In the face of the recent bird flu outbreak, communication is critical to curb its spreading. Dairy farmers are being urged to promptly report any illness in their cattle to local authorities. Although the instances of bird flu transmission to humans remain a rarity, the spread of the bird flu to dairy cattle, as confirmed by the USDA, necessitates proactive measures from all industry stakeholders. This is the first time in U.S. history that the dairy cattle are impacted, reaching to six states, according to research. 

The situation raises legitimate concerns, but it’s also important to underline that preliminary testing by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories has found no significant changes in the bird flu virus that could enhance its transmission to humans. Accordingly, the risk posed to the public remains low, but remains a matter requiring situational awareness and timely actions. 

The uncharted spread points to the possible transmission from a single farm source, exacerbating the need for accurate and swift disease reporting. This is a reminder of the interconnectedness of our industry – how a single event can ripple across the country, affecting numerous farms and threatening the very backbone of our dairy production. So, what should be the first steps when a suspected bird flu outbreak occurs on a farm? 

To prevent further spread via potential vectors such as milking equipment or the personnel involved in milking, it’s imperative that the affected dairy farmers report the situation promptly. This should involve immediate collaboration with specialized veterinarians and the local agricultural department. Closely adhering to enhanced biosecurity measures is also essential to prevent the spread of the virus to other cattle in the vicinity. 

Such efforts underscored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) are currently mobilizing resources following the detection of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) within a dairy herd in Idaho, along with presumptive positive results in New Mexico, Michigan, and Texas. 

Could these emerging challeges lead us to re-evaluate our existing practices and policies? More importantly, could it push the industry towards implementing innovative solutions to tackle future threats? These are the questions that demand a collective industry-wide response, and the responsibility must not fall upon the shoulders of individual dairy farmers alone. After all, our collective success hinges on our willingness to face these challenges head-on and work together to ensure the health and sustainability of the U.S. dairy industry.

Quarantine Protocols: What Dairy Farmers Need to Know

With the recent detection of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dairy herd in Idaho, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), farmers broadly distributed across the U.S. dairy landscape are compelled to re-evaluate their response plans for infectious diseases. But what are the key elements that dairy farmers should know and implement in the face of a looming bird flu outbreak?

The heart of the response resides in stringent quarantine protocols. Practicing robust enhanced biosecurity measures is not just good practice— it is crucial in curtailing the spread of the virus. Farmers are urged to work closely with veterinarians and report cattle illnesses promptly, thereby enabling effective monitoring and timely response to potential HPAI threats.

Maintaining the integrity of the milk supply is a paramount concern for dairy farm operators. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages consultation with state regulatory officials and vets for direction on thwarting HPAI transmission in raw milk. Furthermore, the FDA advises against manufacturing or selling raw unpasteurized milk products made with milk from cows showing signs of illness or exposed to avian influenza. So why is this important?

Let us pause to consider the health risks intertwined with using raw milk from infected cows. Despite the deceptive veil of normalcy that cows infected with HPAI may display — indeed, they may show no overt signs of illness — the risk of contamination remains potent. This means that dairy producers are required to send only milk from healthy animals into processing for human consumption, for the safety and health of the greater populace.

Moreover, the FDA strongly encourages the pasteurization of milk from symptomatic cows before feeding it to calves or other animals, in order to curb the propagation of the virus within the herd itself. Walking down this path is not only prudent, it could potentially deflect a significant blow to a dairy operation and the larger dairy sector.

So, to our dairy farmer colleagues we pose the question: how robust are your current quarantine protocols really? Is it not time to step up and reassess these plans in the shadow of the Bird Flu outbreak? Let’s confront the task head-on and work towards a common goal of abundant, safe and disease-free dairy production.

Beyond Quarantine: Managing Dairy Operations Amid the Bird Flu Outbreak

The outbreak of the bird flu in dairy cattle in the United States, a first, signifies a new challenge for dairy farmers already reeling from several predicaments within the industry. It requires stringent measures not only to contain the spread of this highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) but also to manage day-to-day operations amid these unprecedented circumstances. In six states, the USDA has confirmed the spread of the virus to cattle, possibly tracing back to one farm. Could this suggest a more widespread problem that we are yet to fully ascertain? 

Arguably, the greatest challenge lies in breaking the cycle of disease transmission. Preliminary investigations point to milking equipment and individuals involved in milking as potential conduits for virus spread. Such revelation demands reevaluation of existing biosecurity measures. They call for strengthened sanitization protocols, particularly focusing on the cleaning and disinfecting of equipment and ensuring increased personal hygiene of the dairy workforce. 

Meanwhile, the role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) cannot be stressed enough. Its rapid response in confirming the detection of HPAI in a dairy herd in Idaho, demonstrated vigilance. Yet, further support, in terms of resources and guidance, for affected farmers is paramount. Can the industry and government agencies together, establish a mechanism facilitating this necessary rapport? 

Another critical consideration for dairy farmers is the impact on product manufacturing and sales. With the FDA advising against making or selling raw unpasteurized milk products from cows showing illness symptoms or exposed to avian influenza, disruptions to the supply chain are imminent. To mitigate these effects, the FDA proposes consultations with state regulatory officials and veterinarians. But can such consultations provide the necessary guidance to prevent HPAI transmission in raw milk? Most importantly, how will these regulations affect the precarious balance of supply and demand within the distressed dairy industry? 

Reporting cattle illnesses in a timely manner is also essential. In these testing times, early detection and quick action can potentially prevent an outbreak from snowballing into an epidemic. Producers need to enhance their biosecurity measures to mitigate the challenge posed by HPAI. But is the industry prepared for quick and efficient reporting? What are the barriers that farmers face and how can we strive towards removing them? 

These issues underscore the mounting complexity of managing dairy operations amid the bird flu outbreak. In the face of this new adversity, critical dialogue, innovative thinking, and ethical considerations must underpin the industry’s response. For it is not just about surviving this outbreak, but also using this experience to better prepare for future challenges. We, as a community, ought to rise to this challenge. 

The Bottom Line

In conclusion, the alarm bells sounded by the bird flu outbreak present a complex challenge for the US dairy farming industry. Though various administrative bodies including the American Veterinary Medical Association, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, affirm a minimal risk to human consumers, producers are urged to act diligently. Quick reporting and enhanced biosecurity measures are paramount. It is, therefore, intrinsic to understand that while the bird flu outbreak prompts a procedural shakeup – permitting changes, quarantine protocol implementation, and operational management – the potential for significantly disrupting the milk supply or prices seems limited at this juncture. We must remember that we are not passive observers to this situation, the actions we take now will shape the trajectory of the dairy industry’s future. Amplified cooperation and attention can ensure the maintenance of both the industry’s performance and the safety of the public – a balance we should strive for.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a health alert network advisory (HAN) in response to the H5N1 bird flu outbreak in at least 16 dairy herds in six states across the country. The advisory recommends that healthcare providers should consider whether a patient has a relevant exposure history, such as someone who works with dairy cows or lives with someone who works with dairy cows. The illness should be considered for mild, medium, and severe symptoms, from conjunctivitis to fever, shortness of breath, or pneumonia and/or organ failure.

Any patient suspected of having H5N1 flu should be isolated and cared for by medical professionals wearing protective equipment. Suspected cases should be started on the flu drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) even before test results confirming the infection have come back. The CDC said that no additional cases of human infection with HPAI A(H5N1) virus associated with the current infections in dairy cattle and birds in the United States, and no human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus have been identified.

In cows, the illness has been mild to date, with infected animals showing a decline in milk production and decreased feed consumption. Dairy operations have been instructed to destroy milk from infected animals, as milk from infected animals has been found to contain H5N1 viruses. Pasteurization would destroy the viruses even if contaminated milk were to make its way into the human food chain. Consumption of raw milk or raw milk cheese from infected cows could pose a health risk and should be avoided.

Infected cows have been reported from Texas, Kansas, New Mexico, Idaho, Michigan, and Ohio. It is unclear if the virus is transmitting from cow-to-cow through the respiratory route, or if some aspect of dairy operations is fueling the spread of the virus. The CDC’s advisory stated that analyses of viruses taken from the infected person, cows, and wild birds and poultry showed only small genetic changes.

Exploring the challenging landscape of congenital diseases invariably leads us to remarkable stories of courage and resilience. One such narrative is the story of Brooks Markus, marking an intense battle with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), a rare and severe genetic disorder characterized by the failure of automatic control of breathing. His inspirational battle not only illuminates the struggles faced by those with CCHS but also shines a light on an innovative cause known as ‘Calves for a Cause’— an understated initiative championing the needs of individuals like Brooks. 

“CCHS, characterized by a ‘silent’ yet relentless struggle, demands a newfound respect, evoking our common responsibility as society and industry to effect change. When will we genuinely prioritize genetic research and innovative therapies? The fight, embodied by individuals like young Brooks Markus, is happening every day.”

Born on October 28, 2019 into this challenging world with CCHS was Brooks Markus. Brooks is 1 of approximately 1,500 people globally who grapple with this formidable disorder. This distressing affliction perturbs the brain’s aptitude to smoothly handle autonomic functions, such as the essential task of breathing, and can even intrude upon other vital processes, such as sleeping. Markus’s journey has been one marked by challenges and triumphs. Yet, amidst the uncertainties, Brooks and his family have found great support from the church and dairy communities.

From a clinical standpoint, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, or ‘Ondine’s Curse’, is a complex disease. Its sufferers, like Brooks, are unable to perceive and respond to decreased levels of oxygen or increased levels of carbon dioxide, particularly during sleep. This can lead to severe health implications including heart failure, lung damage, and neurological effects.

Brooks spent his first 120 days of life at the Children’s Hospital’s Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatric Critical Care Unit. Brooks Father Darryl Markus acknowledges it was a “blessing in disguise” that his family had just recently relocated to the Ingersoll region, where they can get to the hospital more quickly than where they previously resided. Markus grew up on the well-known Markvale Holsteins farm and acquired quota and a farm in the Belleville region before venturing out on his own. If the family had remained in that region, they would have had to drive several hours to the children’s hospital in Ottawa.

Darryl and wife Sarah have five additional children, all boys, and have never shared anything about their family on social media. But when news spread about Brooks in the hours after his birth, “we probably had almost 40 messages in the first two days asking how he was doing.” So they started posting on social media to keep their friends and family informed, many of whom worked in the dairy sector. Darryl tells how a snowball effect resulted in the inaugural Calves for a Cause sale, and now in its fourth year.

“The sole purpose of the sale is to give back to the London Children’s Hospital,” explains Darryl Markus, Brooks’ father and sale creator. “It’s our way of thanking you for the wonderful care Brooks gets there, as well as supporting other families who need care there. For us, the London Children’s Hospital is a second home; the incredible health care experts there treat Brooks and our family like family, and we hope that sale proceeds may assist every family experience the same love and care Brooks has.”

Calves for a Cause is a consignment sale, and dairy breeders can choose to provide either 100 per cent of the proceeds or a portion of the proceeds to the Foundation.  All commissions earned are also donated to the Foundation. ‘Calves for a Cause’ has already made significant strides towards shedding light on and supporting children’s healthcare in the London region With an impressive tally of over $170,000 contributed thus far.  The first Calves for a Cause was held virtually in 2021, followed by another virtual edition in 2022 as well as  in-person consignment viewing was held. Last year it was held in conjunction with the Canadian Dairy Xpo in Stratford.   

Now in its fourth year, the ‘Calves for a Cause’ initiative was held again as part of Canadian Dairy Xpo in the Cow Coliseum on April 3rd, featuring 40+ head of dairy calves from multiple breeds and then was followed by an embryo and semen auction ending on the 4th.

This year’s sale was extra special as Brooks, the driving motivation behind this great sale was able to take charge and lead some of the consignments himself on this special occasion. 

Darryl Markus comments “We often get ask, why? Why we’re so passionate about Calves For A Cause. Of course, Brooks is a major part of our why but, it’s way deeper than that now. Yes our why has come from a life of tears, anxiety and pain I wouldn’t wish on my worst enemy but, there’s also the countless children and parents we’ve met along our journey. It’s the children we see heading into the oncology unit, it’s the little premie baby going by us in the halls with the transport team on its way to the incredible NICU staff. It’s the children who have been involved in a car accident and need the amazing PCCU staff just to keep them breathing. If you’ve walked through a Children’s hospital, you know exactly what we’re talking about, the experience is life-changing! Our why is making sure we can do our part to make the best of terrible situations for families like ours just trying to figure out what the next 15 minutes looks like much less the next day!”

“The support from the ag industry and our church community has be incredible,” Darryl remarked. “We’ve learned that you can’t take anything for granted and every day that Brooks is here is a gift.” Comments Brooks’ father Darryl Markus. “As a family, we’d like to say a huge thank everyone involved with the live part of the sale, consignors, buyers and the entire staff, we truly couldn’t do it without all of you!! Putting an event on like this is a lot of work but immensely gratifying when you see the excitement it brings people!”

In a shocking development that begs the question of our assumed immunity and preparedness against such occurrences, a rare human case of bird flu has been officially confirmed. Stemming from what is currently considered an unlikely source, the epicenter of this sudden outbreak is purported to be a dairy farm in Texas. Spare a thought for the millions of Americans now thrown into the throes of panic and confusion, with an unnerving uncertainty looms in the air. Is this another pandemic waiting to happen? Despite this prevailing dread, we are left pondering; how did this come to pass? 

“The human case of a bird flu represents not only a rare health event but a stark reminder for us to challenge our notions of safety and readiness in an ever-evolving medical landscape,”

Our subsequent sections will solemnly dissect the emergence of this public health concern, demystifying the potential pathways leading to this unusual transmission from birds to humans, tracing its origins to a dairy farm, of all places. In a sobering retrospective, we shall revisit the impact such unprecedented cases could have on our public health system, while evaluating the ramifications for the industry at large. Will this incident serve as a catalytic moment for an industry-wide reevaluation and renewal? Or will it be yet another footnote in the tragic saga of transmissible diseases? Only time will tell.

Unraveling the Mystery: How Bird Flu Crossed Species in Texas Dairy

The incident in question points towards a mysterious leap the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus has taken from the avian species to humans. This virus, historically, has been contained within fowl populations, leading to significant mortality rates amongst them. However, the transmission of the virus to a human in a Texas Dairy indicates a worrisome evolutionary step. 

How, then, has this virus, which Savunzzi and Centanni identified was caused by a filterable agent back in 1901, adapted to infect a new host species? We could argue it’s an inevitable outcome of viral mutation, but would such an assertion prematurely overlook potential human complacency? 

In discussing this incident, the hive of activity around clinical and field research into bird flu vaccines deserves our attention. After all, isn’t it an arena where failures can cost lives, and successes can save entire species? We must remember that the objective is not just about producing efficient poultry vaccines. It is also about identifying and culling afflicted poultry, developing reliable tests, as well as executing appropriate quarantine practices. 

The patient had close contact with birds in a dairy farm.

Certainly, one cannot ignore the grave implications of such cross-species transmission. Past infections with bird flu in humans showcase a range of manifestations – from asymptomatic or mild illness to severe disease resulting in death. We can’t help but reflect, isn’t it another Pandora’s box already open? 

A disturbing detail in this context is the mode of virus transmission. When you consider that shedding of the virus from birds occurs through their saliva, mucous, and feces, direct and indirect human contact with these substances, especially on a dairy farm, raises prominent risks. 

The patient is in stable condition and is responding to treatment.

Undoubtedly, the recent event enlightens us on the need for better public health intervention strategies and programs. As we ponder upon this, let us bear in mind: Are we as a society prepared for such a biological curveball? Could a stronger, cooperative international focus on comprehensive avian influenza research and the swift application of its implications be the game-changer we desperately need?

Understanding H5N1: The Strain Behind the Texas Dairy Bird Flu Case

When we speak of the H5N1 strain, it behooves us to remember that its origins are far from recent. Indeed, we trace its beginning to 1981, when it was officially termed HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza). Fifteen years later, in the year 1996, this strain made its first appearance in a poultry farm in China. Over the years, multiple episodes of reassortment altered the genetic makeup of the virus, crescendoing into a devastating outbreak in Hong Kong where it crossed the species barrier to cause infections, and tragically, death in humans. 

Therefore, it is not wholly surprising that a variant of this very strain has been implicated in the rare human infection in a Texan dairy farm. Yet shouldn’t we question the sequence of events that led us to this predicament? Why, despite existing knowledge and preventive measures, did this transference occur? Was it simply an unfortunate byproduct of cohabitation of species or a stark indication of a larger, more insidious problem? 

The H5N1 strain of the virus, like all influenza viruses, is infamous for its consistent evolution. Thus raises one critical question: could the evolution of this highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, perhaps, precipitate the leap from birds to human? Based on available data, infection pathways can range from asymptomatic or mild illness all the way to severe disease resulting in mortality. This means the severity of the human response is equally as unpredictable as its transmission route, adding further complexity to this issue. 

We, as an industry and a collective, must examine such outbreaks critically, analyzing the circumstances holistically rather than in isolation. Only then can we hope to understand, anticipate, and efficiently prevent such unforeseen spillovers, protecting not just our livestock but also human lives.

Decoding the Infection Route: How Did a Texas Dairy Become Ground Zero?

Any substantial probe into this biosecurity incident must necessarily include reflections on the historical patterns of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) transmission. The journey of AIV from poultry to humans primarily happens through direct contact with infected poultry or surfaces polluted by the birds. One pertinent question worth contemplating is this: could this be the principal route of infection in the Texas Dairy case? 

Taking a leaf out of history, we see an interesting pattern. Swine Influenza A Virus was first isolated from pigs in 1930 by Shope and Lewis. Could swine serve as a potential intermediary host this time around? Given that AIV can infect pigs before spreading to humans through contact with infected pigs’ secretions, blood, skin, or fur, it stands to reason that this plausible scenario deserves an in-depth investigation. Could this, indeed, be the missing piece that unlocks this transmission puzzle? 

Out of the total 1,116 flocks that tested positive for the virus, a significant percentage were commercial flocks, accounting for 473 cases while 643 came from backyard flocks. It’s crucial to consider this disparity – could it be indicative of the underlying biosecurity measures, or is it a factor of reporting bias? As we critically reflect on these data points, we must simultaneously also diligently consider other transmission potentialities. 

One of the potential means of transmission by AIV is likely caused by accidental inoculation of the virus into eyes, nose, or mouth, radiating through respiratory routes. Alternatively, it could be through inhalation of the virus present in the air. These routes, while less likely in a controlling environment, can’t be ruled out when we get into the broad open spaces of dairy farms. It brings forth the question, could we, in the industry, be doing more to prevent such occurrences? 

Significantly, efficient human-to-human transmission of AIV is plausible. This prompts us to reflect on the need for heightened biopreparedness, not just within poultry farms, but also in public health systems. Are we collectively prepared to manage and ward off human influenza pandemics? What measures are being taken by the global community to prevent the recurrence of such viral spillovers? These are questions we must embrace, consider, and confront responsibly. 

The Texas Dairy case, therefore, could potentially represent more consequential underpinnings than a singular, isolated event. We must address the situation not only in the immediate term but also lend our focus towards drawing upon this incident as a learning opportunity for the wider industry. In seeking to answer the question of how this farm became the ground zero, it behooves us to delve deeper into the complex dynamics of AIV cross-species transmission and the role our practices play therein.

Could Your Glass of Milk Be a Carrier? Bird Flu in the Dairy Supply Chain

It would not be unjust to feel a quiver of apprehension as you stare at your morning glass of milk. But is such panic deserved? Quite frankly, is your milk a plausible vehicle for the distribution of bird flu, particularly in light of the recent bird flu case at a Texas dairy? Let’s unpack this unnerving possibility and investigate dairy’s potential role in the transmission chain. 

To gain a thorough understanding of the scenario, we need to scrutinize the evidence linking milk to virus transmission. The key lies in understanding the intricacies of the bird flu virus, primarily how it is shed and spread. The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus – the strain involved in the Texas case – is shed through the saliva, mucous, and feces of infected birds, thus potentially tainting water and feed supplies of dairies. 

Now, can this virus enter your milk? Current research strongly negates this probability. It is essential to appreciate that while the A(H5N1) virus is skilled at infiltrating avian species, crossing over to bovines and subsequently penetrating the milk supply chain presents an immense biological hurdle. Unlike avian species, cattle are not designed to be conducive hosts for the bird flu virus. 

Yet, it’s crucial to stay vigilant. The constant mutation of viruses challenges our understanding and demands adaptable, resilient infrastructures. So what can we, as an industry, do to prevent such a pandemic potential from snowballing into an unfortunate reality? We must continually refine our aide measures to prevent such cross-species migration. 

Key measures include separating wild and domesticated birds, providing safe, uncontaminated drinking water, identifying and culling affected poultry swiftly, and reinforcing research into vigilant testing and clinic-ready vaccines. Strict quarantine practices are also essential for curbing the spread of this highly pathogenic virus. If these industry norms are upheld diligently, the chances of you staring at your glass of milk with dread can be minimized substantially. 

And so the dairy industry, aligned with the health sector, must spearhead an adaptable and uncompromising strategy to curb the potential, unnerving hazard of a disease-stricken dairy supply chain. Certainly, this is a goal worth pursuing, is it not?

The Bottom Line

In a nutshell, this Texas dairy bird flu case serves as a stark reminder of the vulnerabilities inherent in our current food systems. It demands drastic and immediate action, yes, but perhaps it also serves as a catalyst for a paradigm shift in how we view and manage zoonotic diseases. Now the critical question that remains: Are we, as an industry and society, ready to accept this challenge and pave the way towards a more secure, health-conscious future?

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infecting US dairy cattle is remarkably unremarkable and there is no evidence that it has mutated. Last month, the USDA confirmed that a strain of HPAI was detected in dairy cows in Texas and Kansas, causing them to suddenly dry off or produce thick, colostrum-like milk. The condition isn’t associated with deaths as cows mostly recover with supportive measures in around 12 days.

Since the first detections in March, further cases have emerged in the past week, including additional cases in Texas and New Mexico, Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio. Cows were initially considered ‘dead-end hosts’, but detections on a Michigan farm that had taken in cattle from Texas suggested cow-to-cow transmission could not be ruled out. A dairy worker believed to have been in close contact with a sick cow tested positive for the virus, and the person had eye redness as the only symptoms and is isolating while recovering.

Hamberg suggested that these recent detections among cows and the rare case in a human were possible scenarios. He explained that this is still being considered a spillover event, and there is no specific mutation that can point to and say the virus is now mammalian-adapted. Pasteurization inactivates the virus, making commercial milk supplies safe for consumption. There are no fears of milk shortage, with just several herds across all of the US affected by the virus so far.

Dairy brands could benefit from reassuring their consumers about the spread of the virus and the potential impact on the safety of meat and dairy products they consume. Brands can build trust with consumers through clear labeling, certifications, seals, traceability, and supply chain information.

The Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest board of directors are proud to announce its momentous milestone as it commemorates a 100 years of fostering excellence in the dairy industry. Established in 1916, this esteemed competition has been a cornerstone of dairy products training, education, and sensory evaluation for over 100 years.

Contest History:

Since its humble beginnings in 1916, the Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest has played a pivotal role in shaping the future of the dairy industry. For a century, the contest has provided a platform for students and professionals to showcase their expertise in the evaluation and analysis of dairy products .

“Students from nine agriculture colleges competed in the first butter judging contest held at the Nationals.The Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture gave very liberal prizes for winning teams and individuals, and it was largely instrumental in making the contest possible.” – Hoards Dairyman, November 10, 1916, p. SS4.

This is a summary of the first Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest held in connection with the National Dairy Show sponsored by the National Dairy Association. Butter was the only product judged because of its commercial importance at that time. From this modest beginning in 1916, the Student’s Butter Judging Contest has grown to an internationally recognized competition with university teams from the United states and several international teams with over 100 dairy industry company participants and sponsors. While it started with butter in 1916; cheddar cheese and milk were added in 1917, in 1926 ice cream, in 1962 cottage cheese, and in 1977 yogurt was added.

The Contest has been sponsored by several organizations over the years. The first butter judging contest was sponsored by the National Dairy Association later followed by the American Dairy Science Association (ADSA), International Association of Food Industry Suppliers (IAFIS) and the American Dairy Association and International Dairy Foods Association. Today, the three primary sponsoring organizations are Wisconsin Cheesemakers Association, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Dairy Recognition and Education Foundation (DREF). Companies throughout the dairy industry also support the contest in many ways through hosting contest space, donations to the contest, product samples to judge, as well as time by industry leaders, to judge, officiate and organize the event.

Over a century later, 5 generations of college students have been trained in sensory methods of evaluating the quality of six dairy products – butter, cheddar cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt and vanilla ice cream. The number of college teams rose from nine to a maximum of 33 in 1956. The Contest represents the culmination of an intense training of students by college professors who are experts in dairy product evaluation. Over the years, more than 4000 students have participated.

While training is at the heart of the mission of CDPEC, winning comes with dedication, talent, and time. The most team wins have been from South Dakota State University, The Ohio State University, Mississippi State, and Iowa State University. Below is a table of participating universities through the years:

*No contests were held in 1918 (WWI), from 1942 to 1946 (WWII), and 2020 to 2021.

Educational Impact:

The contest is not only about wins and competition, it has served as a crucial educational tool . It has allowed undergraduate teams of participants as well as graduate students to hone their skills, gain practical experience, and develop a profound understanding of dairy products’ quality and characteristics. The impact of this educational initiative is reflected in the countless successful careers it has nurtured.

With upwards of 20 schools participating yearly, it’s incredible to think of the thousands of participants over the years.

Celebrating Achievements:

As we mark this significant milestone, we reflect on the numerous achievements and advancements that have emerged from the Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest. The dedication of participants, the support of industry partners, and the commitment of organizers have collectively contributed to the contest’s enduring success. Many companies and individuals have been pivotal in continued success, with several stepping up to form a board of directors in 2008. In 2018, the board said goodbye to out-dated scantron sheets and upgraded to a new, flexible scoring system that can be updated in real time to adjust scoring attributes much more rapidly as dairy products evolve and tabulate scores in no time.

Students have received countless awards, scholarships, and memorable experiences through travel stipends. Several trips are sponsored for winners and their coaches including judging side by side with pros at the U.S. and World Cheese Competitions, judging at the American Cheese Society Contest, and a trip to the QCS Annual Conference.

As we celebrate the past, we also look forward to the future. The Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest remains committed to fostering training, excellence, and collaboration within the dairy industry. CDPEC has kick-started many careers with the support of dedicated coaches at over 60 universities from across the globe. With the continued support by generous sponsors, dedication of coaches and students, and support of industry leaders, we are confident that the next century will train and serve more students than the last.

Centennial Celebration Event:

To mark the 100th anniversary, the Collegiate Dairy Products Evaluation Contest will be hosting a special centennial celebration event on April 17, 2024. Please join us at CheeseExpo to celebrate during the awards ceremony right before the WCMA cheese auction. We would love to recognize and connect with past participants, judges, industry leaders, and supporters to commemorate the contest’s rich history.

The Nebraska Department of Agriculture (NDA) has imposed a restriction on the importation of dairy cattle due to the recent outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), also known as bird flu. The order requires all breeding female dairy cattle entering the state to have a permit issued by the NDA first. To obtain a permit, dairy producers must contact the NDA and consult with their local veterinarian. The new importation order will be in place for 30 days until April 30, 2024, and will be re-evaluated at that time. HPAI has been detected in lactating dairy cattle in states like Texas, New Mexico, Michigan, Idaho, and Nebraska’s bordering state, Kansas. The NDA is closely monitoring the HPAI illness and is advocating for Nebraska producers to protect the health of Nebraska livestock and minimize its impact on the state. The NDA recommends strict biosecurity practices and quarantining new animals into herds for 30 days. State Veterinarian Roger Dudley emphasizes the importance of enhancing biosecurity measures on farms and ranches to protect livestock from illness.

A person working on a dairy farm in Texas tested positive for avian flu, confirmed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The person, who has the H5N1 virus, is recovering and is being treated with oseltamivir, the generic version of Tamiflu. The risk for the general public remains low, and this is the first case of H5N1 flu in a person linked to dairy cattle and the second in a person in the US. A Colorado man who had direct exposure to poultry and bird culling had bird flu in 2022.

There is no risk to the commercial milk supply, as dairy companies are required to destroy or divert milk from sick cows and pasteurization kills avian flu viruses. Avian flu, a type A influenza virus, originated in birds and has been detected in over a hundred species in the US since 2022. The virus can spread through feces, saliva, and contact with contaminated surfaces. Human-to-human transmission of avian flu through close contact is “very rare.” Symptoms can range from no symptoms at all to mild, with flu-like illness or eye redness, to severe, with cases of pneumonia requiring hospitalization.

The Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) has confirmed the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), or bird flu, in dairy cattle in the state. This brings the number of affected states to four, indicating the virus may be spreading from cow to cow. The cows were brought into the Cassia County dairy from another state that had found HPAI in dairy cattle. The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has also confirmed that an investigation into mysterious illnesses in dairy cows in three states was due to HPAI, with wild birds being the source. Symptoms of HPAI include a drop in milk production, loss of appetite, changes in manure consistency, thickened or colostrum-like milk, and low-grade fever. The ISDA encourages dairy producers to closely monitor their herd and contact their local veterinarian if cattle show symptoms.

A dairy worker in Texas is being treated for bird flu, the second human case in the United States of an illness caused by a highly virulent virus that has recently rampaged through dairy cows in five states. The patient, who experienced eye inflammation as the only symptom, was tested for flu late last week, with confirmatory testing performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention over the weekend. The patient was told to isolate and is being treated with oseltamivir, an antiviral drug sold under the brand name Tamiflu. The newly emerged case does not change the risk for the general public, which remains low, federal officials said.

The case has alarmed disease trackers monitoring for the worst-case scenario: human-to-human transmission of the pathogen, which has happened infrequently worldwide, typically among family members engaged in work with animals. It raises questions about whether this pathogen is now more easily transmitted among mammals. Texas health officials are working with other state and federal agencies to provide guidance to dairies about precautions workers should take to minimize the risk of transmission from animals and encourage those who become ill to get tested.

The investigation into how widely the virus has spread is ongoing, and officials do not yet know the specific route of transmission. While the CDC considers the risk of infection for the general public to be low, people with close or prolonged, unprotected exposures to infected birds or other animals (including livestock) or to environments contaminated by infected birds or other animals are at greater risk of infection.

Human infections with avian influenza viruses are uncommon but have occurred sporadically worldwide. The CDC has been monitoring for illness among people exposed to H5 virus-infected birds since outbreaks were first detected in U.S. wild birds and poultry in 2021.

Human illnesses with H5N1 bird flu have ranged from mild, such as eye infections and upper respiratory symptoms, to severe illness, such as pneumonia, that have resulted in death in other countries. Experts worry about the potential for viral evolution, which could remain primarily a threat to animal health and then recede, continue to circulate among animals but not routinely infect humans, or evolve to spread easily between people and become the next pandemic, with significant costs to human life, society, and the global economy.

Pandemic flu is a rapidly changing virus that can easily spread between humans and other mammalian species, with little or no natural immunity. The H5N1 bird flu, which has rarely infected humans, has a fatality rate of around 50% among cases diagnosed. U.S. policymakers must be proactive to prevent this strain from spreading quickly, as there is no immunity in humans and transmission would be fast.

Bird flu is different from the influenza virus that affects humans, and seasonal flu vaccines do not protect against avian viruses. The CDC, the U.S. Agriculture Department, and the Food and Drug Administration are closely monitoring developments, with a tool that gauges how likely bird flu will efficiently spread between humans. HPAI, or highly pathogenic avian influenza, has been found in a baby goat in Minnesota, the first case in U.S. livestock.

The virus was detected in dairy herds in Texas and Kansas on March 25, and testing showed the genetic clade to be the same that is widespread among birds globally. Since then, bird flu has spread to additional herds in at least five states, adding evidence that the virus may be spreading cow-to-cow. The strain was confirmed in a Michigan dairy on March 29 and in a New Mexico dairy on April 1, and presumptive positive tests have also been reported from Idaho.

Preliminary analysis has not found mutations that would make these viruses resistant to FDA-approved antiviral medications for flu. The United States has a small amount of bird flu vaccine targeted an earlier bird flu strain, part of a program to prepare for strains of influenza virus with pandemic potential. With the latest spread of bird flu, vaccine candidates are being developed and tested that are expected to match the current strain.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza has been confirmed in a large commercial dairy in central Michigan, following cattle from an affected premises in Texas. The cattle left Texas on March 7 and did not appear ill. The first animals to be ill were on March 20th, and the initial screening diagnosis was on the 26th. Michigan’s state veterinarian, Dr. The commercial milk supply remains safe due to federal animal health requirements and pasteurization. The virus’s genome sequence is being monitored to determine if the threat to mammals has increased. The affected premises voluntarily stopped the movement of all animals. The Idaho State Department of Agriculture confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza in a dairy cattle operation, and the affected facility also imported cattle from another state with cases of HPAI. Operations are encouraged to implement enhanced biosecurity measures and closely monitor herds.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus outbreak began in 2022, with H5N1 being the primary strain. The virus has been identified in wild birds in every US state and has also affected domestic birds and other wild mammals, such as red foxes and skunks. Cases of affected ruminants were only recently reported, and are thought to be the first US detections of HPAI in domestic ruminants. On March 20, the Minnesota Board of Animal Health reported that a juvenile goat, which lived on a farm with a HPAI-positive poultry flock, had tested positive for the same virus, specifically the H5N1 strain. The investigation began when the owner of the farm notified the Board of Animal Health of unusual deaths of newly-kidded goats on the property. State veterinarian Dr. Brian Hoefs said the diagnosis was significant because it highlights the possibility of the virus infecting other animals on farms with multiple species.

The Texas Department of Agriculture was looking to identify a mystery illness affecting dairy cattle in the state. On March 25, the Texas Agriculture Commissioner confirmed the disease was caused by a strain of HPAI. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced it was “investigating an illness among primarily older dairy cows in Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico”, with samples collected for further testing from two farms in Texas and two in Kansas.

Both the USDA and veterinarians agree that the virus has likely been introduced on US dairy farms by wild birds. Dr. Alex Hamberg, Bureau Director of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, revealed during an update for Pennsylvania dairy farmers on Wednesday, March 27, that the sequencing of the samples collected from Texas and Kansas farms matched the avian influenza that is circulating in the Central and Western Flyways or Pacific Flyways. He said that the most likely way that this virus is introduced is through wild birds, specifically waterfowl, which carry the biggest risk of transmitting the virus.

There is no evidence at this point to support transmission amongst dairy cattle. Genetically, this virus does not carry indicators that it would transmit easily to humans. It is likely that cattle are dead-end hosts, meaning that when a pathogen enters a dead-end host, its ability to spread beyond that animal is relatively low. USDA also confirmed that testing by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories found that the virus hadn’t evolved to be more transmissible to humans, meaning that the current risk to the public remains low.

Dairy cows and milk production are affected by the virus, with reduced feed intake, reduced rumen motility, and reduced bulk tank milk. About 10% of cows become more severely ill, and some will dry off very quickly or produce thicker colostrum-like milk. While there have been reports of some cows culled early due to not returning to production, most of these cows can return to production.

As for whether asymptomatic cattle could harbor the virus, Dr. Hamberg said that from testing done so far, the answer to this is negative.

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has stated that there is no concern about the safety of commercial milk supplies due to the HPAI outbreak. Milk from impacted animals is being diverted or destroyed, and pasteurization inactivates the virus, ensuring that only pasteurized milk can enter interstate commerce. Dr. Alex Hamberg explained that the abnormal milk coming out of affected cows is decreasing, making it unlikely to make it into the bulk tank. Pasteurization also inactivates the virus, so there is no risk for consumers.

A major impact on milk supply and dairy prices is not expected since the outbreak has affected only a small number of farms. Farm owners and workers are encouraged to stay vigilant and monitor their herds for any symptoms and contact their veterinarian if signs of illness are detected. Supportive care for animals that have contracted the disease is recommended, including isolation, reducing sources of stress, monitoring feed and water intake, and ensuring they are not dehydrated.

To manage bird populations, farmers should address the three reasons why birds come to farms: food, shelter, and water. This can be done by removing natural food sources, blocking bird access to cattle feed, removing bird feeders near the property, ensuring proper disposal of waste that can draw in birds of prey, limiting vehicle access to areas close to a water source, reducing access to areas for perching, eliminating areas with standing water, fencing cattle away from ponds, and limiting the use of unfiltered surface water for cattle.

Implementing biosecurity measures is now more important than ever, with farmer workers told to use boot covers, keep logs of who enters and exits the property, and disinfect footwear between farms. If visiting areas with a lot of waterfowl feces, consider a car wash or disinfecting clothing and boots before moving on to another farm.

There are no movement controls associated with cattle coming out of Texas and USDA is not supporting movement controls. However, veterinarians are asking for reports of suspect cases and are still developing the response protocol for this specific incident. As the investigation continues and authorities look at multiple factors that likely caused the outbreak, there is no firm timeline on when the investigation will reach a conclusion. Key takeaways so far include that the virus affects older, mid-lactation cows who tend to recover in 10 to 14 days, pasteurization inactivates the virus, and dairy cows appear to be dead-end hosts, meaning that transmission doesn’t occur beyond them, either cow to cow or cow to human.